Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'États-Unis – Histoire militaire – 18e siècle'
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Nadeau, Charles André. "La stratégie lors de l'affrontement anglo-américain au Canada (1775-1776) : objets politiques et objectifs militaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25615/25615.pdf.
Full textHervé, Michel. "Une bataille jugée : la défaite des Saintes (12 avril 1782 ) et le Conseil de guerre de Lorient." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040079.
Full textThe battle at the Saintes opposed the British and French fleets on April 12, 1782. The French navy was commended by comte de Grasse who has been famous the preceding year in the Chesapeake bay, by beating admiral Graves. Thanks to this victory, Yorktown was occupied and the United States win independency. In 1782 the British navy will get their revenge and Admiral Rodney will defeat de Grasse who was getting prepared to invade Jamaica. Back in Versailles, De Grasse to justify himself accused his squadron commanders Vaudreuil and Bougainville to have disobeyed his orders. A war council was then installed by Louis XVI. Three hundred and four sailors will then summoned to Lorient as witnesses, and each of them will try and justify his conduct. After three months of trial, Bougainville was the only one condemned, and all the other officers were acquitted. De Grasse was the real loser of the trial. He was forbidden to command a ship again and during a century years he was disgraced in the French navy. But the Americans and Washington will always pay tribute to him
Chopin, Thierry. "La question de la souveraineté dans la controverse constitutionnelle entre fédéralistes et anti-fédéralistes a la fin xviii ème siècle aux Etats-Unis : 1787-1788." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0049.
Full textLanglois, Gilles-Antoine. "Urbanistique française aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique : L'organisation des "villes nouvelles" de la France au XVIIIe siècle dans l'espace louisianais." Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120083.
Full textRévauger, Cécile. "La franc-maçonnerie en Grande-Bretagne et dans l'Amérique révolutionnaire : 1717-1813." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30028.
Full textModern freemasonry, which appeared in great britain and america in the early xviiith century, claimed to be both friendly and tolerant. In america, it developped mainly during the revolution, in which some of its members were significantly involved. Though originally meant to provide its members with an organization totally free from political and religious censorship, english freemasonry, what with the influence of the grand lodge of "antients" and the joining of the royal princes, soon forsook its deistic principles and no longer refused to interfere in public affairs in order to claim its allegiance to monarchy and emphatically to condemn the french revolution. Yet, british freemasons had considered american revolutionists with a more friendly eye. Scottish freemasonry turned out to help the edinburgh leading classes incorporate into the united kingdom. Whatever the historical or geographical background, far from isolating individuals, lodges enabled them to rise on the social ladder and induced them to take an active part in the life of the city
Blanc, Floriane. "Entre méfiance et intérêts partagés : trois décennies d'assistance militaire des Etats-Unis au Chili, 1940-1970." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0512.
Full textThis research examines the U.S. military assistance program in Chile from 1940 to 1970. It analyses its beginnings during the Second World War, and the development of multilateral and bilateral military structures from the the Cold War, up to the election of Salvador Allende in 1970. Through the Chilean example, it highlights the will of the United States to standardize, continent-wide, doctrines, practices, and equipment according to the model promoted by Washington. The question of the reception of this influence by Chile is also examined: to what extent are these cultural transfers accepted, rejected, re-appropriated in national contexts, put in competition with those of other countries? Finally, to account for the complexity of the decision-making process, special emphasis is placed on interactions between various players, both within the bureaucracy of the departments involved in the management of the program, and between the US and Chilean protagonists in the field
Carpenter, Roy. "Jonathan Edwards : la crise de l'autorité dans l'Amérique des Lumières." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS010S.
Full textAmong the figures involved in the debates that took place during Great Awakening, none was more influential than the pastor of Northampton, Massachusetts, Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758). Building upon the latest scientific and philosophical thought, Edwards set about bringing the reformed theology he inherited from his Puritan forebears into line with the Enlightenment. Specifically, the notion of individual experience took on great importance as he sought to explain the process of conversion, arguing for a more open and inclusive interpretation of what often appeared to be the disorderly, violent or even insane behavior of those undergoing conversion experiences during the Great Awakening. Edwards’ analyses appeared to justify their most anti-authoritarian practices in the name of the inviolable right to believe in what one felt in one’s heart, even if such beliefs were in contradiction with established religious doctrine or traditional social practice
Gagné, Louis. "REPENSER LES RAPPORTS EST-OUEST: Les États-Unis face à la Yougoslavie de Tito (1948-1953)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26938/26938.pdf.
Full textMerlin-Faucquez, Anne-Claire. "De la Nouvelle-Néerlande à New York : la naissance d’une société esclavagiste,1624-1712." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083376.
Full textThe history of the colony of New York cannot be distinguished from that of slavery. If Ira Berlin has described this colony as a “society with slaves”, because of its location in the Northern part of North American continent, we prefer the terms “slave society” which are usually applied to Southern or West Indian colonies. Indeed, slavery was introduced from the very beginning when the first Dutch settlers arrived in 1624 and it grew progressively as the colony developed, extending itself in the rural areas around the island of Manhattan and establishing itself at each level of this young colonial society. If the status of the slave was not yet set during the Dutch period, it was increasingly codified after the 1664 English conquest until it was definitely sealed after the 1712 revolt. This legislative frame which inexorably linked servile status to skin color shaped the mentalities and reinforced the racial prejudices the settlers had inherited since the Renaissance. Yet, the harshness of the laws did not really conform to the reality of the New York environment and working conditions which allowed the slaves to be mobile and somewhat autonomous and which had tolerated the presence of a free black community since the Dutch period, comforting the Africans in their will to assert themselves culturally and resist their condition. If New Netherland was at its beginning an embryonic slave society, it became a real slave and bi-racial society in the 18th century
Adane, Virginie. "Genre, pouvoir et relations marchandes dans une société coloniale multiculturelle. Nouvelle-Néerlande, New York (1630-1730)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0148/document.
Full textNew Netherland, then New York (from 1664 on) was a colonial society that was shaped during the 17th and 18th centuries. This dissertation shows the importance of gender, its norms and the social relations it led to, in the shaping of the society. Gender helped constructing the social order of the new society and was at the heart of the trading relations with Native American populations
Corre, Olivier. "Brest : base du Ponant : structure, organisation et montée en puissance pour la guerre d'Amérique : (1774-1783)." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20003.
Full text@For the American War of Independence, France gives an important weight to its main Base. Brest, port and naval dockyard, fortified and garrison town, organism of exception, is by its rise the head of the French power. Yet, the inheritance is contrasted: from the first naval dockyard of the Kingdom to the coexistence of the Navy and War personnel. The conflict gives it a numerous leading part. The try to adapt it is managed by authorities of high level. Threat requires a new style fortification. State keeps order. Brest increases its control on the economic network, which is subcontracted for a part of its activity, although money is not a simple question. The everyday Life of Workers, Sailors and Soldiers presents with problems of housing, food and dressing, but first one is Health. The end of the War opens a difficult decrease. Brest has achieved its missions in this tension period
Balvay, Arnaud. "L'épée et la plume : Amérindiens et soldats des troupes de la Marine en Louisiane et au Pays d'en Haut (1683-1763)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17953.
Full textGallet, Maud. "Marchands nord-américains en voyage en Grande-Bretagne (1776-1815) : transferts culturels et identité nationale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA134/document.
Full textBy studying the travel writings of North American merchants going to Great Britain between 1776 and 1815, we analyse the cultural transfers across the Atlantic and observe the growing emancipation of the young Republic from its former mother country. It appears that these merchants fully contributed to the creation of an American national identity. Their stay in Great-Britain undeniably encouraged this process, as it enabled visitors to measure themselves against a British « Other », to realise what made them truly American, to boast about their superiority, but also, as merchants, to defend specific values and a certain vision of the American society
Blanc, Félix. "L’organisation des pouvoirs de guerre et de paix aux origines du gouvernement représentatif : enquête sur l’invention du concours des pouvoirs en Angleterre, en France et aux Etats-Unis." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0119.
Full textOur representative democracies rely on principles such as citizens’ consent and separation of powers, whose original horizon was modern republics. But institutional implementation and historical trials have sometimes led to their denaturation and toning down. For instance, the role such principles could play within the organization of war powers was strongly discussed among the founding fathers of representative governments in England, France and United-States, but also between their first thinkers – especially Locke, Montesquieu and Rousseau. To end the discussion, they mostly proposed to vest such powers in the very same hands. Diplomatic and military offices allegedly fall within the scope of governmental functions usually fulfilled by the “small number” that Weber and Machiavelli praised in different times? This inquiry reveals the limits of such proposals and explains how some American and French revolutionaries strove to go beyond them. Therefore, they built a genuine political system with several powers concurring in times of war. With such system, they wanted to preserve moderation in government by restricting concentrations of power in war times, and avoid any risk of confusion between civilian and military authorities. They seek to foster an external unity in sovereign states where several branches of government are supposed to remain distinct. Finally, they looked for an optimized number of citizens able to share the collective burden of the decisions that could either jeopardize or secure international peace
Covo, Manuel. "Commerce, empire et révolutions dans le monde atlantique : la colonie de Saint-Domingue, entre métropole et Etats-Unis (ca. 1778-ca. 1804)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0095.
Full textThis dissertation addresses the question of the links between the commercial revolution and the political revolution at the end of the eighteenth century. In particular, it analyses the connected issue of the colonial exclusif and of liberty of trade; as a problem of political economy, as a sum of legal norms and as commercial practices. This enables to shed light on the variety of political associations that emerged in the Age of Revolutions. The case study is the political and economic relationships between the wealthiest colony in the world, Saint-Domingue, the metropole and the United States, From the 1778 French-American alliance to the birth of Haiti i 1804. This dissertation aims at questioning the so-called rise of the nation-state. It disputes the idea that the French Revolution exclusively created a unitary and centralized nation-state, founded on national sovereignty and defined as the political expression of the community of citizens. It also places the United States in its postcolonial history and reminds that independence was not the only possible end to the revolution in Saint-Domingue. This illuminates the multiplicity of imperial experimentations that took place in the Atlantic World at different scales, both within and beyond national borders and in the framework of a globalized economy. Thus, it becomes possible to follow the sinuous paths and crossings of intertwined revolutions
Bergeron, Geneviève C. "Victoires au fort William-Henry (1757) : les alliés amérindiens et la guerre de Sept Ans." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28600.
Full textUgolini, Celine. "The Resilience of New Orleans : Assessing a History of Disasters 1718-1803." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30077.
Full textNew Orleans, Louisiana, formerly La Nouvelle Orléans, was founded in 1718 on what is known today to be unstable land. Shortly after its initial construction, a flood in 1719 devastated the city. Several other strong storms quickly followed and forced reconstruction upon the nascent Crescent City. The French colonists who built La Nouvelle Orléans had no experience with either Louisiana’s climate or repetitive tropical storms and flooding. Damage from disasters occurred so frequently that the difficult work of reconstruction characterized the city’s first few decades. Assistant City Engineer Adrien de Pauger was the very first person to plan for a jetty system for the city. La Nouvelle Orléans could have benefited from solving its sandbars issues had this venture been conducted the way Pauger had envisaged. Rebuilding for a city that the French had just recently built presented a challenge from the start. The lack of population of the area generated the sending of criminals and other unwanted individuals from the mother country. These ended up taking an active part in the construction and reconstruction process. This research examines the early challenges confronting New Orleanians and their necessary adaptation to an inhospitable environment. Despite concerns that residents would leave their city to seek safer living conditions on higher land or move back to the home country as some did, early New Orleanians displayed a resilience similar to that found in the aftermath of Katrina. Other local settlements, such as La Balise, had a different fate and disappeared as a result of recurring hurricanes whereas the then capital of Louisiana always rebuilt after each disaster. The study will discuss the city’s early years of chaos and destruction, and how La Nouvelle Orléans struggled to overcome hurricanes, fires, and disease, before evolving from a fragile settlement to a stronger city
Maraszak, Emilie. "Figures et motifs des croisades : étude des manuscrits de l'Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César, Saint-Jean-d'Acre, 1260-1291." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL014.
Full textThe Crusader States have created a society in the Holy Land developing a syncretic art at the crossroads of Latin, Byzantine and Arabic worlds. In addition to religious and military architecture, manuscripts are also evidences of a cosmopolitan Levantine culture. The study of Crusader Art has shown that the painting of manuscripts was revived at Acre in the early 1250’s, after Louis XI’s stay in the Middle East. Secular manuscripts written mostly in Old French became popular, as well as new historical literature. The most popular examples were the Histoire d’Outremer by William of Tyre and the Histoire Ancienne jusqu’à César. This illustrated text was first composed in France for Roger de Lille and brought to the Crusader East in the mid-thirteenth century. Frankish aristocracy and crusader illuminators have created a cycle of miniatures in order to integrate their images in the cosmopolitan Crusader Art. Artistic choices have then come to light and been defined as conscious choices to offer works that represent the best of the Frankish culture of Acre and integrate them in an almost two centuries old artistic tradition : the borrowing from Western and Oriental artistic traditions in order to create their miniatures, the revelation of heroes linked to the Holy Land and the Franks, and sometimes the representation of their Oriental environment. This process of personalization and multicultural content, set within the context of the cultural society of Saint Jean d’Acre at the end of the thirteenth century, are the evidences of the remarkable artistic acculturation of Frankish society in the Holy Land, at the crossroads of the West and the Near East
Chalvardjian, Eugène. "Impact de l'art de la guerre napoléonien dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9868.
Full textOn June 18, 1815, Napoleon was defeated at the battle of Waterloo, but his revolutionary warfare survived long after he was gone, and it was put into application in many instances. Inspired by some of the most famous theoreticians of the XVIIIth century, he had favored the strategy of annihilation in the conduct of his military operations, and thus ranked among those strategists who were seeking decisive battles in order to destroy all enemy forces. Based on the strategy and tactics that the Emperor used in his most famous campaigns, this thesis will attempt to highlight the extent to which they were applied during the second half of the XIXth century. The conflicts analysed during this period of time will be the Crimean War (1853-1856), the Italian Campaign (1859), the american Civil War (1861-1865), the Austro-prussian War (1866) and the Franco-prussian War (1870-1871). This study will consider the impact of the advances of technology in the fields of weaponry, and means of transportation and communication, as well as the economic, financial, political and military contexts of the warring nations at that time. In the XIXth century, two military thinkers, Clausewitz and Jomini, emerged as the most notorious interpreters of napoleonic warfare. In the course of our analysis of Napoleon's methods in the above-mentionned conflicts, we will also try to determine the extent to which Jomini's vision of Bonaparte's campaigns differed from that of Clausewitz. We will then analyse Napoleon's infleunce in the administration, organisation and marches of the armies involved in the selected wars, and will pay particular attention to the impact of his warfare on specific aspects of the battles themselves. The final analysis will outline the lessons that the military in the long run drew from Napoleon's campaigns.
Tourangeau, Catherine. "It runs in the family : the Bradfords, print, and liberty (1680-1810)." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10616.
Full textBased on the family history of the Bradfords, one of America’s most celebrated printing dynasties, this thesis studies the interplay between print, printers, and various discourses on freedom during of the long 18th century and through the colonial, revolutionary, and early republican periods. It traces the transition between an era of the “speech of freedom,” born out of the colonial debates on the freedom of speech and press, and an era of the “freedom of speech,” born in the course of the Revolution and upheld during the early republic. This transition resulted from the transformation of the contemporaries’ discourse on liberty, but also had to do with the transformation of the printing trade and print culture. As a result of the political, social, economic, and cultural circumstances of the colonial, revolutionary, and early republican periods, American print and printers were led to disseminate and to contribute to the discourse on liberty. They thus established a strong association between print and freedom in the 18th-century print culture, an association which was destined to be transmitted to the following centuries.