Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'États-Unis – Relations extérieures – 1945-1989'
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Nardon, Laurence. "L'observation spatiale comme instrument de pouvoir dans les relations internationales : les États-Unis et leurs satellites d'observation, 1955-1985." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010319.
Full textFaure, Justine. "Les relations entre les États-Unis et la Tchécoslovaquie, 1944-1961." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030106.
Full textHamelin, Patrice. "AMITIÉ, ADMIRATION, DOUTES ET INTÉRÊTS DOMESTIQUES : LES MEMBRES DU CONGRÈS AMÉRICAIN FACE AU CANADA, 1945-1958." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29160/29160.pdf.
Full textCavanna, Thomas. "La politique étrangère américaine vis-à-vis de l’Inde et du Pakistan dans les années 1970." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0035.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to describe the main components of the American foreign policy towards India and Pakistan in the 1970s. This work is divided in four parts corresponding to the turning points of Washington’s regional diplomacy : The 1971 Indo-Pakistani conflict / The 1974 Indian nuclear test / The 1977 regime or leadership changes in the three countries / The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. For each of these components, the objective is to analyze the main determinants of the choices made by the Americans in the region, and to explore the mutual influence of Washington, New Delhi and Islamabad. The ambition of this work is to show the way the United States lost their credibility in both India and Pakistan and contributed to the destabilization of the Indian subcontinent, because of an extremely erratic policy (degree of implication in the area, choice of the local partners, means of influence) and because they often ignored or dismissed the very geopolitical realities of a region in which they had some interest only as far as the latter was a scene of the cold war global struggle for influence (rivalry with Moscow, rapprochement with China…). These flaws had important consequences in the long run, especially with respect to nuclear issues, the rise of Islamism, and the persistence of a feeling of impunity in the Pakistani ruling circles
Cesari, Laurent. "La France, les États-Unis et l'Indochine, 1945-1957." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040308.
Full textBased upon American, British, and French sources (privates as well as public), this dissertation studies the impact of the first Indochina war and the Geneva peace settlement upon the relations between France and the United States (as well as the United Kingdom). This is not military history: stress is laid on the world strategy of the two powers. As well as the diplomatic process. It is possible to distinguish five different periods. In 1945, in spite of their anticolonialism, and although they had marked out Indochina as an example for the status of dependent territories in the future, the united states allowed France to reassert its sovereignty upon the peninsula, for they themselves wanted to annex former Japanese mandates in the pacific. From 1946 to 1949, the United States remained neutral in the Franco-Vietminh war, for they were anti-communist as well as anticolonialist. But after Mao’s victory in 1949, the united states subsidized the French war, since Indochina was close to china. Nevertheless, they urged upon the French the necessity to liberalize their policy to ward non-communist Indochinese nationalism. This policy was not very successful, which may explain the behaviour of the Americans from 1954
Benantar, Abdennour. "Le monde arabe dans le "nouvel ordre mondial"." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100105.
Full textFernandez, Julian. "La politique juridique extérieure des États-Unis à l'égard de la Cour pénale internationale." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020016.
Full textDurand, Pierre-Michel. "Alliance objective, méfiances réciproques : les États-Unis, la France et l'Afrique noire francophone dans les années soixante." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030064.
Full textThe question of Subsaharian Africa is one of the only few which has not been dealt with within the well-known field of French-American relations. This PhD. Which aims at studying the relations between France, the US and Subsaharian Africa in the Sixties has just be written to fill this historiographic gap. The Sixties are such a crucial time that the US have probably never taken a bigger interest in Africa than then. Following the Bandoeng conference, the rise of African nationalism and the wave of decolonization seem so irresistible that the US start fearing that the entire, huge African continent could become a new frightening battlefield of the Cold War. The US are in a way condemned to look carefully to African countries they prior almost ignored. In fact with John F. Kennedy's access to the presidency, the Americans seem to prefer taking the side of these rising nationalisms than supporting their french allies. Tense, suspicious during the previous French decolonization, as their interests were often contradictory from Indochina to Algeria, the French-American relations in Africa are therefore particularly mistrustful
Mikaïl, Barah. "La politique américaine au Moyen-Orient (1945-2009)." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083819.
Full textSince their birth and the creation of their official institutions at the end of the 18th century, the United States has been motivated by an imperial temptation that will be strongly reflected in their diplomatic stances. But with the end of the Second World War, the Middle East seems to have acquired a great importance in strengthening the levels of incorporation of the American Imperialism. Obviously, Washington had to deal with this region long before, as it had been proven by the scrolling of American missionaries since the end of the 18th century, the bombing of Tripoli in the early 19th century, or even their investing in oil fields in the first quarter of the 20th century. Nonetheless, the presence of sliding events that will help confirming the American hegemony will come after the formalization of the Truman Doctrine (1947) which followed the Monroe Doctrine (1823), as it will be shown by Suez War (1956), the Six Days War (1967), the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) and the Gulf War which followed (1991), and finally the September 11 attacks (2001). Indeed, with each of these events, Washington will react by a manner which will strengthen its position in the Middle East, and give it additional reasons for increasing its means in the region as well as, in many respects, in the rest of the world
Doulcet, Michel. "Aspects de la controverse sur le "déclin américain" à la fin du XXe siècle (1975-1992)." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30016.
Full textIn 1941, henry luce wrote an article in life magazine saying that the twentieth century would be "to a significant degree an american century". At the end of the second world war the united states was riding astride the world, an unrivalved global power. However, by the 1970s, headlines began to declare that the american era was over and, with it, the most prosperous international economic period in human history. Going into the 1990s america seemed once again to be an ordinary power. Some scholars suggest that the american situation is typical of the imperial overstretch that has occured throughout history with other nations. The most outstanding of them all is paul kennedy, professor of history at yale. Yet, the "revivalists", those who do not endorse the "american decline" theses, put forward the vanishing "world war two effect", i. E. , the idea that much of the relative decline would be simply a return to the norm. Our discussion of this question will endeavor to outline america's changing position in the world from 1975 to 1992
Zarifian, Julien. "Le Sud Caucase, un terrain nouveau de la politique extérieure des États-Unis : analyse géopolitique." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/171343867#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe two main characteristics of the South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) as a geographical region are its rich history and its geopolitical complexity. As a historical crossroads between Persian, Ottoman and Russian Empires, the South Caucasus has often been the scene of their confrontations throughout its history. Since 1991, as the USSR collapsed and granted the Republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia their independence, harsh conflicts have appeared or reappeared, particularly in Nagorno Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia. The US has only recently been involved in the region and American diplomacy has had to adapt to a difficult situation: conflicts hinder any cooperation that would include the three South Caucasian states; the regimes in power do not always apply democratic and equalitarian principles; and the traditional Eurasian powers such as Russia or Iran do not always welcome the US as they want to maintain their influence in the region. In spite of this, its geostrategic location and the fact that Azerbaijan is an oil- and gas-rich country make the region important to the US and constitute a powerful incentive for it to become more involved there. Although it never officially acknowledged it, its goal is to penetrate the South Caucasus from a geopolitical point of view, in order to gain influence there. The most notable vectors of the influence of the US are threefold: the financial assistance it provides every year to Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia; the military and economic cooperation it has maintained in the region; and the diplomatic efforts it has made to put an end to regional conflicts
Boumaad, Abdelhak. "La politique américaine en Amérique centrale, la présidence de Ronald Reagan et le Nicaragua." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040288.
Full textDuso-Bauduin, Stephen. "L'aigle et le qilin : sociologie des représentations stratégiques américaines de la Chine à partir de la guerre du Golfe et sous les mandats de Clinton." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0028.
Full textThis PhD dissertation studies the american strategic representations of China, starting with the first missionaries and tradesmen in China in the 19th century, then reaching its climax with the Nixon-Kissinger years. It focuses on the dynamic of strategic representations of China during the two Clinton terms, analysing the shift from the concepts of China as "strategic partner" and "friend" to the concepts of "peer competitor" and "strategic competitor". The nucleus of this research is the in-depth study of the institutions and pressure groups shaping the dominant strategic representations of China in the United States. The actors shaping American policies towards China range from political actors to various economic interest groups and conflicting social forces. This dissertation unveils the prevailing economic interests but also dwells on secondary actors like the human right NGOs, the paranoid strategists spreading the "yellow peril" image, and the chinese-americans who build a schizophrenic representation of China. Finally, the PhD develops the "soft power" theory, studying the role of American fiction in making or spreading strategic images of China
Bassoni, Marc. "Éléments pour une macroéconomie néo-wicksellienne des mouvements de capitaux : le cas États-Unis - Europe (1980-1984)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX24004.
Full textIn this study, we try to explain two salient facts which characterized the economic relations between the U. S. A. And the European community in the first half of the Bo's : 1 the reversal, as early as 1981, of the americandirect investment position (net inflows of capital); 2 the reversal, as early as 1983, of the American banking position (net inflows of capital). The explanation is managed in a macro-dynamic view, suitable for the representation of cumulative processes. Its analytical grounds draw inspiration from the macroeconomics of K. Wicksell (1851-1926) which emphasizes the instability of the natural rate of interest, a symptom of rough variations of the underlying business expectations (i. E. Rough variations of the state of confidence concerning business). Two key-propositions become apparent after this study : 1 these reversals were due to strong differences of business opinions between the U. S. A. And the E. C. At the beginning of the 80's; 2 the capital mobility between the U. S. A. And the E. C. Strengthened these differences of opinions (cumulative processes); in other words, it enlarged the gap between the us business optimism and the "europessimism"
Cizel, Annick. "Genèse d'une politique africaine et moyen-orientale : les Etats-Unis et l'Ethiopie (1953-1958)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10037.
Full textFollowing the inauguration of president eisenhower's republican administration in january 1953, haile selassie's ethiopia witnessed the beginning of an economic, military and diplomatic development which reached its climax at the end of the decade. The ethiopian empire was strategically located at the meeting point between the african and asian continents, on the shores of the red sea since the annexation of eritrea in 1952. Since the end of world war two, it had benefited from a recovery plan rooted in the alignments of the cold war, and motivated by a bipartisan american wish to transform this rare example of african independence into a model for other emerging countries about to break away from colonization. Nasser's egyptian revolution of 1952-54 expanded the interest the united states felt for the oil-rich middle east to the eastern horn of africa, which suddenly found itself thrown into the east-west struggle and the "pactomania" born in the 1940s first in latin america, then in europe and asia. Following the 1956 suez crisis, the middle east resolution of january 1957 (the eisenhower doctrine) considered extending the anticommunist containment ring established by the baghdad pact - whose scope was initially restricted to the near east - to the african continent. As a stronghold in the very middle of this defense area meant to assert u. S. Hegemony over both continents, ethiopia offered a rare example of stability favorable to western interests opposite the growing influence of the "non-aligned" movement born in bandung. A propaganda tool potentially capable of thwarting both sino-soviet and neutralist influences, ethiopia thus became the proxy of american diplomacy when the latter set out to isolate nasser, while the pan-african impetus triggered by decolonization gave the empire its first sense of belonging to the dark continent, itself a new target for u. S. Domestic and foreign racial policies
Durpaire, François. "Les Etats-Unis et la décolonisation de l'Afrique noire francophone : 1945-1962." Paris 1, 2004. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364073170004675&Force_direct=true.
Full textMokhefi, Geist Mansouria. "Les Etats-Unis et la guerre d'Algérie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0016.
Full textBéziat, André. "La diplomatie de l'entêtement : Franklin Roosevelt et la France (1939-1945)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10020.
Full textThe first part of this dissertation is a review of the american diplomatic and political situation at the beginning of world war ii, after president roosevelt, in his chicago address of october 5th, 1937, had reoriented the policy of isolationism, hitherto pursued by the us, towards its eventual abandonment. The second part leads up to the franco-german armistice of june 1940 which caused roosevelt to regard france as a second-rate nation. Us policy towards vichy and free france respectively is the subject of the third part, which ends with the severance of diplomatic relations between the us and the vichy government on november 9th, 1942. Thereafter, roosevelt and de gaulle were left face to face ; relations between them form the theme of the last part, which ends up with the death of the president on april 12th, 1945. After keeping de gaulle uninformed of the operations in north africa, the united states made a deal with darlan, petain's former deputy at vichy ; then, after his death, the american government championed general giraud. When de gaulle proved to be the unquestioned head of the french resistance and of the provisional government of the french republic, roosevelt refused to face up to the fact, considering that de gaulle did not have a mandate from the french people. He waited until october 23rd, 1944, before recognizing de jure the provisional gouvernment of france as a result of pressure from his allies and advisors. However, he later refused to invite de gaulle to the yalta conference. By his stubbornness in pursuing an unrealistic diplomacy aimed at becoming the arbiter of france's destiny, roosevelt initiated a feeling of defiance towards the unites states in france which certainly was his major failure, as it was later to prove detrimental to relations between the two nations
Thériault, Dimitri. "Et si Machiavel avait été banquier? : une étude sur l'allocation des prêts de la Banque mondiale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31887.
Full textThis research studies the allocation of World Bank loans with panel data covering up to 115 countries over three time periods: Cold War (1973-1990), post-Cold War (1991-2000), and post-September 11 (2001-2013). Among our findings, we show that the more a state receives a large amount of loans by the World Bank, the more it supports the US foreign policy. At the same time, our data reveals that recipients of World Bank loans are on average closer to Russian foreign policy than American foreign policy for all periods under consideration. We argue that these results provide evidence that World Bank’s loans are used to buy and reward supports or abstentions for specific resolutions in the United Nations rather than for all the ones adopted in a session. Our study furthermore indicates that after September 11 terrorist attacks, World Bank recipient countries receiving the greatest amount of US military assistance were also the ones receiving the largest loans by the Bank. Although this supports the thesis that the events of 9/11 led the United States to use the World Bank in their national interests as during the Cold War, we find that the Bank appears to have limited political considerations in the allocation of its loans after the collapse of the USSR and especially between 2001 and 2013. Keywords : World Bank, IBRD, IDA, multilateral development institutions, aid, military assistance, political affinity
Doire, Vincent. "Le rapport de force normatif entre sécurité et droits de l'homme : une étude constructiviste de la politique étrangère américaine de droits humains pour la période 1941-1960." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26249/26249.pdf.
Full textHosseini, Seyed Mohammad. "La politique étrangère des Etats-Unis dans le Golfe persique : 1945-1995." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO33005.
Full textLaronce, Cécile. "L'influence de Nkrumah dans la politique étrangère américaine : les États-Unis découvrent l'Afrique, 1945-1966." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010549.
Full textWhen independence reached sub-saharan Africa in 1957, this continent was still a mysterious entity for the american government. A fiew american missionary bodies and scholars had been interested in africa since the united states began. Since the 1930s, a small number of African scholars have migrated to the united states. One of them was kwame nkrumah. He was born in 1909 in gold coast, a british colony. Nkrumah got degrees from american universities, gained positions in the African liberation movement and assumed positions of leadership in his country on his return. The emergence in march 1957 of the new african state called ghana -the former gold coast- stimulated interest in numerous american officials and acquainted them with new problems and new countries spurred on by Afro-Americans. As a result, republicans and democrats found themselves increasingly committed to supporting african independence. But the united states was handicapped to some degree by the european suspicion about american involvement in new african states. The american government must proceed cautiously in africa seeking to dispel suspicion that it may be planning to establish spheres of influence and new monopolies and must seek to resolve the conflict between its desire to foster self-determination and self-government and that of maintaining its close relations with the nations that have joined it in the western european defense arrangements. For the american administration the emergence of africa remains a source of hope, skepticism, defeat and success sometimes. This significant development encouraged the beginning of solid relations between the United States and Africa
Bonditti, Philippe. "L'antiterrorisme aux Etats-Unis (1946-2007) : une analyse foucaldienne de la transformation de l'exercice de la souveraineté et de l'art de gouverner." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0025.
Full textXu, Yue. "Les États-Unis dans les relations sino-françaises de 1949 à 1964." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040082.
Full textThe People’s Republic of China was established on 1 October 1949, which ended the regime of Chiang Kaï-shek in Chinese mainland. At that time, the French government began to negotiate officially la recoginization of the People's Republic of China. Living in two hostile camps, why France had the plan to recognize the regime of Mao Tse-tung in 1949? On January 27, 1964, People’s Republic of China and France simultaneously issued a diplomatic announcement in Beijing and Paris. France became the first major western country to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level with the People’s Republic of China in 1964. Why France waited 15 years for recognizing PRC? What had happened during this 15 years? During this period, the United States played a very important role in the Indochina War, the Korean War, the Geneva Conference, the Taiwan question and the representation of China in the United Nations with launching the policy Marshall Plan. After the return of De Gaulle in 1958, he resolved to safeguard national sovereignty, national interests, and embarked on a road to decolonization. From 1962, French foreign policy became more active in China, and the two countries began to negotiate on the establishment of diplomatic relations after reaching a consensus on Taiwan, Algeria and the United States. The establishment of Sino-French diplomatic relations is not accidental, which responds to political and diplomatic needs, and to the inevitable trend of historical development in the Cold War
Gagné, Louis. "REPENSER LES RAPPORTS EST-OUEST: Les États-Unis face à la Yougoslavie de Tito (1948-1953)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26938/26938.pdf.
Full textArciga, Rodriguez Nohemi. "Les intérêts des États-Unis en Europe de l'Est : une partie de la stratégie nationale de sécurité : 1992-2000." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010593.
Full textKim, Myong-Sob. "Intégrer pour régner : la stratégie globale de l'administration Truman et l'origine de la régionalisation tripolaire." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010277.
Full textThe american region-building policy applied at global level was a crucial factor that helped generate the difference between European region-building and Asian regionbuilding. Instead of encouraging regional identity as they did in western Europe, U. S. Officials had deep fear vis-a-vis Asian regionalism misused for a Japanese expansion in the form of pan-Asianism. If European region-building was partly based on the revival of the mediaval tradition of European civilization against modern nationalism, regionbuilding in maritime East Asia was basically under the setting of american expansionism competing against Japanese unilateralism, as well as with European unilateralism in Asia. The worst possible threat to the eyes of the u. S. Officials was the combination of communism with pan-Asianism in favor of the putative soviet "power complex. " the U. S. Officials who opposed, at first stage, the forma colonialism persisting in hullian view, began to admit the enlarged European interest in maritime east Asia. When European region-building was brought to a deadlock because of the chronic dollar gap, u. S. Foreign officers attached their hope to an "alliance with European powers" for their east Asian interests to smother nationalistic communist threat. In the final phase, however, the U. S. Foreign officials wanted to combine their enlarged interest of maritime east Asia with the revival of greater east Asia co-prosperity sphere. This resulted in an "american-Japanese consortium" in maritime east Asia preventing a genuine Asian regional cooperation
Dost, Pinar. "De la neutralité à l’alliance : aux origines de la prééminence américaine en Turquie, 1939-1947." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0084.
Full textThe official foreign policy of Turkey during the Second World War was the neutrality. Nonetheless, during the war Turkey became the “ally”of one camp and the friend of the other; Turkey bought weapons and sold its chrome to both camps, obtained credits and offered them the facilities of the country. It is possible to observe different tactics of the Turkish government, while the goal remains the same: to stay out of the war. Contrary to the historiography of the Turkish-American relationships which claimed that the sole interest of USA in Turkey was only after the declaration of the Truman Doctrine, and within the political frame of the containment of USSR, the origins of the preemminance of USA in Turkey should be seeked during the war as well. It is during the war that the American officials believed in the necessity of cutting all the barriers that obstructed the commericial exchange, of utilising the economy in order to inflict the politics; this is enabled by their new definition of national security that emerged during the war. One of the goals that resulted from this new concept was to stop any possible conflicts in the distant territories that were needed as overseas military bases and it is especially during the war that they got into competition with the Great Britain concerning the Middle East. The Soviet threat suspending over Turkey starting from 1945 onwards offered the Americans the pretext to realize an expansion policy towards Turkey, a policy already plannified during the war
Perron, Régine. "Le Marché du charbon : un enjeu entre l'Europe et les États-Unis de 1945 à 1958." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0072.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of united states influence after the second world war on the european energy market, especially on the coal market. The thesis is constitued by two essential parts, which represents the break between the coal gap 45-47 and the coal overproduction 48-57. An introductive chapter which starts on 1922 studies on a long term the overall coal climate and the following of the policies. The coal market is a real stake for the future of europe. The united states could apply their european policy because of the economic pressures at important steps of the european story. They could concrete the organisation of the "free world", contribue to separate more the western europe from the eastern europe, to realise the multilateralism, and they could also ofter a good open market to their own coal industry which is on oversurproduction. The coal exchanges inside of the western europe became critical because of this american exchange, and the rise of the consumption of petroleum which was not well evaluated contributed to desorganise the coal european market
Aba, Jean Daniel. "Les modalités d'élaboration de la politique africaine des États-Unis depuis la fin de la guerre froide." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010276.
Full textGoutman, Nadejda. "La Russie et l'OTAN : de l'Acte fondateur à la Déclaration de Rome sur "une qualité nouvelle" de relations (1997-2002)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040168.
Full textThe dissertation is devoted to the evolution of new partnership and cooperation based relations between Russia and NATO since 1997, the year when the basis of their “particular” relationship has been laid. The research shows that after the end of the cold war, one of the first priorites of the european and international politics was to find a strategy of constructive iInteraction, in particular, in the area of security, between the west and the new Russia, embarked on the way of democratic transition. Since the formation of nato-russia relations is still in its making, the analysis of politico-strategic and politico-military aspects of their undulant interaction since 1997 lets, on the one hand, define the key constraining factors preventing the parties from implementing the political will towards building a stable and lasting partnership based on the principles stated in the nato-Russia founding act of 1997. On the other hand, it’s a question of identifying the key stimulants helping Russia and NATO member governments maintain an all-in-all positive vector of interaction, despite the Kosovo crisis of 1999 and the many other major conflicts and divergencies dividing the parties during the covered period (1997-2002)
Heo, Man-Ho. "La Constance de l'unité nationale coréenne : essai d'une nouvelle interprétation de la guerre de Corée." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHESA005.
Full textGaudreault, Mélanie. "Le Congrès américain et l'ONU : une étude de perception, 1945-1960." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24408/24408.pdf.
Full textChélini-Pont, Blandine. "Les relations entre les Etats-Unis et le Saint-Siège (1939-1952)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0020.
Full textAfter a brief history of the relations between the United States and the Holy See from 1788 to 1939, this research attemps to explain the reasons of a rapprochement in 1939. It presents eventually these relations during the war and the major requests made by both. The HS wished the American entrance in the war, the religious freedom in URSS, the care of the Italian future as well as European, the change of the "unconditional surrender" concept and the post-war forecast in which the Soviet Union had a prominent part. The US wished the HS to help them to win American isolationism and anticommunism, to condemn publicly nazism, to accept unconditional surrender, to abtain Italian reddition and to improve the rescue of the European jews. These expectations were more or less fulfilled and this mid-success bases the failure of the Vatican-American collaboration during the post-war period wich is presented at the end of this work
Vinet, Guy. "L'OTAN et les relations euro-américaines 1989-2003." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010305.
Full textCarey, Elizabeth. "L' idée de l'intérêt national américain et l'intervention politico-militaire des Etats-Unis en ex-Yougoslavie : 1991-1999." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020034.
Full textDavid, François. "John Foster Dulles, secrétaire d'état, et la France (1953-1959) : les relations franco-américaines entre idéalisme politique et réalités militaires." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040031.
Full textOften depicted as a "Cold Warrior", John Foster Dulles has always made European unity his priority. Secretary of Sate in 1953, He focuses, along with his friend Jean Monnet, on putting an end to the European wars, by substituting federalism to the rivalry of sovereign nations. This personal goal fits with the strategic "New Look" of president Eisenhower. To hold the Red Army in check, without going into bankruptcy, the United States chooses two ways: first, the creation of a powerful Europe, thanks to the European Community of Defence ; secondly, the systematic nuclearization of Western forces. In both cases, France is at the very heart of Dulles' policy. Yet, Dien Bien Phu and the parliamentary reject of the EDC have put an end to Dulles' European hopes. For him, France, as an ally, is less and less reliable; its harmful capacity has thus to be limited. It explains his frontal opposition to the Suez raid: if France does not want to harm the Western relations with the developing countries, France must give up its worldwide policy, or chain-reaction catastrophes will occur. As for the nuclearization of Atlantic forces, Eisenhower and Dulles counter French attempts to institute a triangular strategic partnership, and to become a nuclear power. In total, whereas he simply wants peace and European prosperity, Dulles must handle pure defence problems. In the 1950's, French-American relations lay into this dialectic tension between strategy and tactics, and illustrate the difficulty of applying an idealistic diplomacy without always taking into account military realities
Kinsella, Arianna. "L’histoire du Brésil aux États-Unis et ses historiens : 1958-1985." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL031.
Full textThis study examines the historical context in which the study of Brazilian history emerged in the American Universities during 1958–1985. Expansion of this discipline in the United States mirrored domestic and political concerns stemming from the Cold War; as such, institutional support, both federal and private funding played a significant role in Brazilianist research and facilitated subsequent specialization and scholarly development. In the U.S., the term “Brazilianist” merely designates a scholar of Brazilian history, whereas in Brazil the term is often politically charged, with some U.S. scholars suspected of furthering an imperialist agenda of some sort. While it is true that some Brazilianist research was policy-oriented, and that these scholars had greater institutional support and further research opportunities than their Brazilian counterparts (particularly during the anos de chumbo, when the latter were subjected to repression and censorship by the military dictatorship), this stance tends to undermine their scientific production. A case-by-case study of their intellectual trajectories portrays however a much more complex account, allowing for a better analysis of their motivations and their intellectual exchanges with Brazilian intellectuals, as well as a better understanding of Brazilian reception of their academic production. This study seeks to move beyond polemics by highlighting the importance of Brazilianist academic ties with the Brazilian intellectual world, the reach of their academic production, and the role played by these in the institutionalization of the field in the United States as well as the professionalization of history in Brazil
Gayte, Marie. "Les États-Unis et le Vatican : analyse d'un rapprochement (1981-1989)." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834752.
Full textMargotton, Frédéric. "L'influence des facteurs externes sur les préférences politiques et identitaires des taïwanais." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25506/25506.pdf.
Full textPeretz, Pauline. "L'émigration des juifs soviétiques : le rôle des Etats-unis, de 1953 à la fin des années 1980." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010655.
Full textBourliaguet, Bruno. "L'AMGOT: CONTINGENCE MILITAIRE OU OUTIL DE POLITIQUE ÉTRANGÈRE?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26972/26972.pdf.
Full textBozo, Frédéric. "Deux stratégies pour l'Europe : De Gaulle, les Etats Unis et l'Alliance atlantique : 1958-1969." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100018.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation mostly draws from the resources of archival material now available in the United States, and, to a lesser extent, in France. It also rests to a large extent on oral history. The dissertation focuses on general De Gaulle's Policy toward the atlantic alliance between 1958 and 1969 in a franco-american perspective. It emphasizes the diplomatico-strategic aspects of that policy as well as its militaro-strategic aspects. By doing so, it sets the French decision to withdraw from NATO integration in 1966 in a new historical perspective
Rochette, Vincent. "Haro sur "l'empire du mal" : l'antiaméricanisme politique des intellectuels français au cours de l'ère post-guerre froide, 1989-2006." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24753/24753.pdf.
Full textZilberberg, Jean-Jacques. "L'image des Etats-Unis dans la France et son empire durant la seconde guerre mondiale." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030052.
Full textIin 1939, the United States are seen though their cultural dimension : cinema, litterature, jazz, swing. They have no political presence in france yet. However, the 6 years of war time will transform america's isolationist image into the one of a super power that has freed a destroyed france. In the french empire, the United States have intervened for the first time in french colonies. The impact is significant on the historical evolution of these people. The data is sourced from local gouvernment, police and postal control reports, as well as from press and radio
Da, Silva Lala Amaral. "L'enjeu colonial dans les relations franco-portugaises, 1944-1974." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0021.
Full textIn the wake of the Second World War, the administering Powers came to agree on the necessity of forming a “common front”, notably in Black Africa, to resist the anti-colonial offensive. In the context of this closer alignment, the Commission of Technical Cooperation in Black Africa (CCTA), established by the administering Powers, would play the role of a shield against the interest shown by the United States and the institutions of the UN in Africa. From now on, France and Portugal both took up these different concerns. In the context of the cold war, decolonisation, wars of liberation and European construction which followed, the two nations would become even closer. In pursuing the strategy of politics of national grandeur – which consisted of shattering the structures of the bipolar world – the Portuguese colonial empire was a precious asset. Indeed, Charles de Gaulle and Salazar shared the same reservations about the United States. From this perspective, even if the Suez crisis was a resounding failure for the colonial powers, it was the beginning of a new era in Franco-Portuguese relations. From this point onwards, the Portuguese were conclusively convinced that the United States was not in a position to guarantee the sovereignty of their colonies. At the same time as the policy of self government was described by the Portuguese authorities as that of abandon, French independence from Washington became a decisive factor
Bourdin, Juliette. "Les Relations sino-américaines de Tiananmen à la présidence de George W. Bush (1989-2006) : une analyse des enjeux économiques et stratégiques à la lumière de l’Histoire." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030088.
Full textSince the end of the Cold War, the rise of China has challenged the superpower of the United States, and U. S. -China relations have become one of the factors likely to determine both economic issues and current and future strategic issues. This study analyzes Sino-American relations from the Tiananmen crackdown to George W. Bush’s presidency, and addresses the following questions: who are the actors weighing on the relationship? What are the main objectives and issues for the two countries? What are the obstacles to their dialogue? Is it possible to discern invariants or “heavy trends” in the history of Sino-American relations? Why has China given rise to so much criticism and such heated debates in the United States? Are there really short- or long-term risks of a confrontation between the two countries as is sometimes foretold? This study explores Sino-American relations in a historical perspective in order to try and answer the complex and often interrelated questions they raise for the present-day era. It is structured into two parts and gives first a historical background that highlights the “heavy trends” in U. S. -China relations, and then offers a thematic analysis of the main economic and strategic issues
Cloutier, Mélissa. "LE PÉTROLE DES WAHHABITES : Le «New York Times» et les relations américano-saoudiennes, 1945-1973." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24800/24800.pdf.
Full textDelamotte, Guibourg. "Déterminants de la politique de défense et jeux politiques japonais." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0038.
Full textJapan is not the only country committed to pacifism; yet in few other countries are pacifist issues so hody debated. Pacifism was introduced after the Second W orld War under Allied Occupation by Article 9 of the new Constitution (1947). Since then, it has triggered uninterrupted political and legal debate. Part 1 of this thesis looks into the normative evolution of the interpretation of Article 9 and the political discourse which surrounds it. Part TI seeks to determine which actors and decision¬makers take part in the policy making-process characterising defence policy, how the balance between those actors may be shifting, and the impact of "foreign pressure". Part III undertakes to understand the obstacles, both national and international, which political leaders of the majority currently face in transforming Japan's traditional defence policy, particularly in connection with Japan's Asian neighbours. Thus, the thesis evidences the political and legal incrementalism by which a "normalisation" is taking place in Japan. The time frame is 1990-2006, though consideration is given to earlier historical developments
Syga-Dubois, Judith. "Wissenschafliche Philanthropie und transatiantischer Austausch in der Zwischenkriegszeit : die sozialwissenschaftlichen Förderprogramme der Rockefeller Stiftungen in Deutschland." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0051.
Full textCan social science research contribute to the solution of social problems? Convinced that it could, one of the foundations of the Rockefeller family set up in 1922 a large financial support program for the social sciences in the United States and several European countries, among them Germany. This reorientation of the funding policy of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial under its young director Beardsley Ruml led to the creation of a wide transatlantic network of scientific and interpersonal relations. The analysis of the place of the Weimar Republic and later of Nazi Germany in this European and worldwide exchange system shows the existence of a cooperative effort of the American and German partners. This joint effort included the selection of the German fellows, the organization of these fellows' sojourn in the United States, Europe and Australia, as well as the planning of the reception of foreign fellows in Germany. The study also examines the relations between Rockefellerian philanthropy and German research centers, whether the latter were supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, such as the Institut fur Auswdrtige Politik at Hamburg or the Institut fiir Sozial- und Staatswissenschaften at Heidelberg, or rather neglected by the Foundation, such as the Institut fur Sozialforschung at Frankfurt on the Main. Comparing the archival material from the Rockefeller Archive Center to the voluminous personal papers of August Wilhelm Fehling, the German administrator of the programs, allows access to the histoire croisee of these exchanges and the resulting individual and collective experiences