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Academic literature on the topic 'Éteres Difenílicos Polibromados'
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Journal articles on the topic "Éteres Difenílicos Polibromados"
Annunciação, Daniel, Fernanda Almeida, Emerson Hara, Marco Grassi, and Fernando Sodré. "ÉTERES DIFENÍLICOS POLIBROMADOS (PBDE) COMO CONTAMINANTES PERSISTENTES: OCORRÊNCIA, COMPORTAMENTO NO AMBIENTE E ESTRATÉGIAS ANALÍTICAS." Química Nova, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170218.
Full textBernardo Jerosch Herold, Ana Cláudia Gama, Paula Viana, Damià Barceló, and João Bordado. "Um Olhar sobre o Panorama Ambiental Nacional e Internacional dos Retardantes de Chama Bromados, em Particular os Éteres Difenílicos Polibromados." Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Química, September 1, 2011, 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52590/m3.p652.a30001666.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Éteres Difenílicos Polibromados"
Annunciação, Daniel Luiz Rodrigues da. "Éteres difenílicos polibromados (PBDE) em sedimentos do Lago Paranoá, DF." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24184.
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Esse estudo buscou investigar a ocorrência de PBDE em sedimentos do Lago Paranoá - DF. Para tanto, um método analítico foi desenvolvido, validado e aplicado para determinação de nove congêneres (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-66, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-138, BDE-153 e BDE-154) em amostras de sedimento. O método consistiu na extração sólido-líquido assistida por ultrassom, seguido de etapas de clean-up e análise por cromatografia gasosa com detecção por captura de elétrons. O método se mostrou seletivo, linear (R > 0,9967), tendo valores de LOD (0,03 a 0,32 ng g-1 ) e LOQ (0,1 a 1,1 ng g-1 ) compatíveis com níveis de PBDE encontrados na literatura, recuperações entre 87,7±6,6% (BDE-138) e 98,7±1,4% (BDE-28) e boa precisão. Sete amostras de sedimento do Lago Paranoá foram investigadas onde foi possível verificar níveis de PBDE variando entre 0,143±0,005 (BDE-28) e 8,1±0,4 ng g-1 (BDE- 66). Níveis mais elevados para ƩPBDE foram observados nas imediações das estações de tratamento de esgoto Sul (19±2 ng g-1 ) e Norte (8,79±0,03 ng g-1 ), corroborando com o papel do lançamento de esgotos como uma das principais fontes de aporte de PBDE. Verificou-se semelhança entre os perfis de concentração dos congêneres nos sedimentos com a proporção de PBDE na formulação comercial pentaBDE (DE-71). A distribuição dos PBDE no ambiente, estimada pelo modelo de fugacidade do software EQC Model (level 1), sugeriu sua presença no ar (0,009 a 0,5 ng m-3 ), no aerossol (0,001 a 0,012 ng m-3 ), na coluna de água (0,004 a 0,2 ng L-1 ), nos sólidos suspensos aquáticos (0,7 a 40,5 ng g-1 ), em solos (0,07 a 4,1 ng g-1 ) e em peixes (0,437 a 24,7 ng g-1 ). Tais resultados foram compatíveis com aqueles descritos na literatura para estes compartimentos. Estimou-se, por meio do software EQC Model, um aporte de cerca de 220 toneladas de PBDE para o Lago Paranoá. A concentração de PBDE na água intersticial dos sedimentos foi estimada e comparada com valores de PNEC (predicted no-effect concentration) indicando provável risco a biota referente aos congêneres (BDE-47, BDE-66 e BDE-99) e evidenciado a necessidade de maiores investigações. Para a coluna de água, esta abordagem não evidenciou risco provavelmente em função da elevada hidrofobicidade dos PBDE aliada à sua tendência à bioconcentração. Este trabalho é um dos primeiros registros da presença de PBDE em sedimentos coletados no Brasil, servindo com suporte à geração de indicadores de ii qualidade mais autênticos com o cenário atual, à medida que as informações sobre a presença de PBDE em vários compartimentos ambientais ainda são escassos em nosso país.
This study investigated the occurrence of PBDE in sediments of Paranoá Lake, in the Brazilian Federal District. An analytical method was developed, validated and applied for the determination of nine congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-66, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE- BDE-154) in sediment samples. The method was based on ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction, followed by clean-up and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection. The method was selective, presented good linearity (R > 0.9967) and values of LOD (0.03 to 0.32 ng g-1 ) and LOQ (0.1 to 1.1 ng g-1 ) compatible with PBDE levels of found elsewhere. Recoveries were between 87.7 ± 6.6% (BDE-138) and 98.7 ± 1.4% (BDE-28) with good precision. Seven sediment samples from Paranoá Lake were investigated and PBDE levels ranged from 0.143 ± 0.005 (BDE-28) to 8.1 ± 0.4 ng g-1 (BDE-66). Higher levels of ƩPBDE were observed in points located nearby South (19 ± 2 ng g-1 ) and North (8.79 ± 0.03 ng g-1 ) sewage treatment plants, corroborating with the role of wastewater disposal as one of the main sources of PBDE. A similarity between the concentration profiles in sediments and the proportion of PBDE in the commercial pentaBDE formulation (DE-71) was observed. The distribution of PBDEs in the environment, estimated by the fugacity model of the EQC Level 1 software, suggested their presence in the air (0.009 a 0.5 ng m-3 ), in the aerosol (0.001 a 0.012 ng m-3 ), at the water column (0.004 a 0.2 ng L-1 ), at the aquatic suspended solids (0.7 a 40.5 ng g-1 ), in soils (0.07 a 4.1 ng g-1 ) and in fishes (0.437 a 24.7 ng g-1 ). These results were comparable with those described in the literature for these compartments. It was estimated, through the EQC Model software, a contribution of about 220 tons of PBDE to Lake Paranoá. The concentration of PBDE in the interstitial water was estimated and compared to predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values indicating a probable risk for the congeners (BDE-47, BDE-66 and BDE-99) as well as evidencing the need for further investigations. Risk was not evidenced for the water column probably due to the high hydrophobicity of the PBDEs and their tendency for bioconcentration. This work is one of the first reports of the presence of PBDE in sediments collected in Brazil, supporting the generation of more authentic quality indicators considering the current scenario, as the information about the presence of PBDE in several environmental compartments is still scarce in our country.
Pereira, Lílian Cristina. "Alterações mitocondriais induzidas por representantes das principais classes de Éteres Difenílicos Polibromados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-28062012-101506/.
Full textThe brominated flame retardants are substances used in various consumer goods to increase their fire resistance and / or higher temperatures in case of fire, thus increasing the chances of escape and reducing the severity of burns. To this end polybrominated diphenyls ethers (PBDEs) are the most used class in view of its efficiency in controlling the spread of flame and its low cost. These compounds are among the newly emerging environmental contaminants known to exhibit a lack of toxicological data, especially regarding the harmful effects and biomarkers of exposure and potential harm to the environment, which is a recent concern of the scientific community. Because the mitochondrion is recognized as the main energy-producing cell organelles, as well as play a vital role in the maintenance of many cellular functions, it was used as an experimental model to evaluate the effects of the congeners BDE-100 (Penta- BDE), -153, -154 (Hexa-BDE) and -209 (Deca-BDE), in concentration range ranging from 0.1 ?mol/L to 50 ?mol/L. The results show that the effects on isolated mitochondria may occur at lower concentrations for the BDE-153, -154 and -209 and high concentrations to the BDE-100. Thus, it was observed that the compounds have the ability to interact with mitochondrial membrane, inducing swelling, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and dissipation of membrane potential at different concentrations, however they cannot change factors related to oxidative stress in mitochondria. Furthermore, the induction of mitochondrial swelling, and added significant depletion of ATP levels may contribute to the toxic effects observed. Thus, we conclude that the action of PBDESS on mitochondria is one of the mechanisms of toxicity of this class of compounds.
Hara, Emerson Luis Yoshio. "Protocolo analítico para determinação de éteres difenílicos polibromados (PBDE) em sedimentos de Rios por GC-MS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/36995.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/03/2014
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Área de concentração: Química analítica
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar um protocolo analítico para determinação de éteres difenílicos polibromados (PBDE) em sedimentos de rios. As etapas consistiram em desenvolver o método cromatográfico assim como as de extração e clean-up, de modo a reduzir significativamente as quantidades de solvente e adsorvente em cada etapa. Cada uma destas foi avaliada separadamente, por meio de testes de recuperação. Para a extração foi utilizada uma sonda ultrassônica de 500 W de potência; optou-se pelo emprego de 4,0 mL de acetona como fase extratora em três etapas de sonicação, com duração de três minutos cada uma. Para a clean-up utilizouse uma pipeta graduada de 20 cm de comprimento e 0,6 cm de diâmetro interno. Como fases adsorventes foram empregadas 1,0 g de sílica e 1,0 g de alumina, seguindo-se a eluição com 5,0 mL de hexano e 5,0 mL de hexano/diclorometano (3:1, v/v). Os resultados obtidos para a maioria dos compostos, expressos em termos percentuais, em todas as etapas estudadas, ficaram dentro da faixa de 70% a 111%, valores considerados satisfatórios. O método foi avaliado e validado com base em diferentes critérios analíticos utilizando-se ensaios de recuperação em sulfato de sódio (sistema modelo) e material de referência preparado no laboratório, com excelentes resultados. O método otimizado foi aplicado a amostras de sedimentos de ambientes aquáticos urbanos e mananciais de abastecimento localizados na bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Iguaçu, na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise das amostras de sedimentos demonstraram que os rios localizados em regiões sob forte influência urbana e industrial apresentaram PBDE. Foram determinados nos compartimentos sedimentares dos rios Timbu, Barigui e Iguaçu os congêneres BDE-71, BDE-85 e BDE-99 em concentrações inferiores aos limites de detecção e quantificação.
Abstract: This study aimed to optimize an alternative analytical protocol for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in riverine sediments. The protocol consisted in developing the chromatographic method, as well as the extraction and clean-up stages, in order to significantly reduce the amount of solvent and adsorbent, as well as the time involved in sample preparation. For the cleanup it was used a 20 cm graduated pipette and 0.6 cm inner diameter. 1.0 g of silica and 1,0 g of alumina were used as adsorbent phase, followed by elution with 5.0 mL of hexane and 5.0 mL of hexane/dichloromethane (3:1, v/v). The results, expressed in percentage recovered, ranged from 70% to 111%. The method was evaluated and satisfactorily validated according to different analytical criteria such as recovery in sodium sulfat, a model system, and home-made reference material. Finally method was applied to sediment samples from urban riverine aquatic environments and water supplies located at Alto Iguaçu Hydrographic River Basin, in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. The results obtained from environmental samples demonstrated that rivers located in areas under urban and industrial influences presented PBDE intakes. BDE-71, BDE-85 and BDE- 99 congeners were determined in sediment from Timbu, Barigui and Iguaçu rivers with concentrations lower than limits of detection and quantification.
Souza, Alecsandra Oliveira de. "Avaliação das alterações celulares em linhagem de hepatocarcinoma humano (HepG2) induzidas pelos principais representantes da classe de éteres difenílicos polibromados (PBDE)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-16042012-105347/.
Full textTechnologic demand has increased the different pollutants released in the environment. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) is an important class of the flame retardants added in several good products with a wide range of toxic effects on biotic and abiotic systems. These compounds are release into environment through the loss during manufacture and of products containing PBDEs. Their toxic mechanisms on biologic systems still have not understood due to the existence of several different congeners, with different chemical and biological characteristics in the environment, and absence of their effects on the body. Therefore, in this study we examine effects of congeners PBDE-209, PBDE-99 and PBDE-47 on HepG2 cell line in order to understand their mechanism of action and their effects on the human health. Firstly, we evaluated citotoxic mechanism by SRB assay followed by MTT assay. This way, we showed that all tested PBDEs seem to cause cell death although PBDE-209 also causes cystostatic mechanism in lower concentration. The cytotoxic mechanism was observed in higher concentrations and it was suggested be evidences of apoptosis. Apoptotic mechanism was investigated by mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidyl serine exposure and nuclear fragmentation. Our results showed that all tested congeners were able to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, to cause phosphatidyl serine exposure and a nuclear fragmentation with higher results found for BDE-99 and BDE-47 due structural difference that may facilities their absorption and their toxic metabolites Exclusion of necrotic mechanism was performed by LDH release assay. We evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and it was showed that apoptotics mechanisms is followed by oxidative stress in all congeners tested and suggest cytostatic mechanism is also mediated by ROS. These results are evidences of toxic effects of PBDEs on the cell line and health
Pereira, Lílian Cristina. "Avaliação dos congêneres BDE-100 e BDE-153 de éteres difenílicos polibromados sobre a linhagem celular HepG2 e linfócitos humanos: efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-05102016-092639/.
Full textThe brominated flame retardants are substances used in consumer goods to increase its fire resistance and/or high temperatures. Due to, the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (Polybrominated diphenyl ether) are the most commonly used class in view of its efficiency in controlling the spread of flame and low cost. These compounds are considered persistent, bioaccumulative, can be transported over long distances and have toxicity. However the toxic mechanisms of action have not been well established. Thus, this project held cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic assays in HepG2, HeLa, hepatocytes and human lymphocytes cells in order to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity. The results demonstrate the ability of these compounds to induce primary DNA damage (0.5 ?M for BDE-153 and 5 ?M for BDE-100) monitored by the comet assay, it was not repaired after 24 hours of exposure. However, there was not observed nether increase in micronuclei in HepG2 cells and lymphocytes after exposure to the congeners (0.1 - 25 ?M) even in the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. However, the compounds show the ability to reduce MTT reduction, proliferation, and interfere with cell cycle evaluated in cell cultures. These cytotoxic effects are related to mitochondrial dysfunction, since both PBDE generate dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in apoptotic cell death, demonstrated by the maintenance of serine phosphatidyl on the external surface of the cell membrane, by condensation and nuclear fragmentation, the presence of pro-apoptotic factors in the cytosol of the cell, such as cytochrome c and AIF plus activating caspase 3 and 9. These data corroborate the fact of not having to intracellular lactate dehydrogenase release, excluding death cell necrosis. Finally, it was observed that exposure to the active compounds the autophagic process, at first as a cytoprotective mechanism observed by LC3I conversion in LC3II and accumulation of p62 (autophagic markers) plus imunicitoquímicas markings for LC3II and co-location lysosomes in dotted pattern, indicanto accumulations of LC3 protein and lysosomes, forming autophagosomes. Together our results show the ability to induce genomic instability and cytotoxicity of this class of compounds, reinforcing the idea that PBDEs pose a risk to the exposed population