Academic literature on the topic 'Ethanol-biodiesel blend'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethanol-biodiesel blend"
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Jagtap, Sharad P., Anand N. Pawar, and Subhash Lahane. "Effect of Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blend on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390119.
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A significant increase in every nation’s energy demand and insufficient conventional energy reservoirs for long duration, there became necessary requirement to shift from non-renewable to renewable energy sources. Diesel and biodiesel fuels have different thermo physical properties; hence performance and emission output parameters are also different compares with each other. For effective utilization of biodiesel, the characteristics of conventional single cylinder diesel engine with changing load and static speed (1500 rev/min) conditions are evaluated. The baseline diesel, biodiesel - diesel (BD) B08 [8% biodiesel blended with diesel] and ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) E05B08 [5% ethanol and 8% biodiesel blended with diesel] by v/v ratio are used for experimentation. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduced from 29.14% with diesel to 27.64% with biodiesel and 28.49% with ethanol blends. It is observed that BTE reduced by 1.5% with biodiesel blend and 0.65% only with ethanol blend. The CO, HC and opacity of exhaust gas pollutants are reduced with biodiesel blend fuel and also further reduced with EBD blend. NOx formation with B08 fuel is enhanced to 1967 ppm from 1557 ppm of baseline diesel whereas it is slightly increased to 1734 ppm by E05B08 fuel.
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Rocha, H. L., N. R. Pinto, M. J. Colaço, and A. J. K. Leiroz. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TERNARY FUEL BLENDS ON AN ASTM-CFR-CETANE ENGINE." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v13i2.62087.
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This work analyses how ternary blends of biodiesel, anhydrous and hydrous ethanol, and diesel, in different proportions, behave regarding fuel emissions and combustion parameters. The determination of their cetane number, using an ASTM-CFR cetane research engine is also investigated. The base fuels used were 99,9% pure anhydrous ethanol, commercial diesel, which contains 5% of biodiesel in volume, biodiesel from soybean oil, and hydrous ethanol with 7% of water, in volume. The fuel blends werespecified after a careful bibliography research. Five volume fractions of biodiesel (5, 10, 20, 60 and 100%, in volume) and four of ethanol (0, 5, 8 and 15%, also in volume) were used in this study. All blends have endured a mixture stability test prior to being burned, the ones with clear visual phase separation being eventually rejected. The results for the cetane number presented a clear decrease in its value as ethanol was added. Some blends with high ethanol content failed to provide the minimum cetane number for use in compression ignition engines according to the present Brazilian regulations. Concerning the emissions tests, carbon dioxide emissions showed a decreasing trend as the quantity of added ethanol raised. Carbon monoxide emissions, however, showed the opposite trend. The nitrogen oxides emissions presented an increase as more biodiesel was added to the blend. The conclusions as to the impact of changing ethanol’s volume in the blends were discussed taking in consideration important operational remarks. A final analysis was proposed in order to compare anhydrous and hydrous ethanol. A clear reduction in nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions was observed, with an almost identical value for the carbon monoxide emissions. Cetane number for the hydrous ethanol blend, however, suffered a decrease compared to the same blend with anhydrous ethanol.
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Jamrozik, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Tutak, Michał Pyrc, and Michał Sobiepański. "Effect of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics on a direct injection diesel engine." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part B (2017): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160913275j.
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The paper presents results of co-combustion of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol fuel blend in direct injection Diesel engine. Test was performed at constant rotational speed at three commonly used loads of this engine: 100%, 85%, and 70% of load. During the test hydrated ethanol was used at a concentration of 89% of alcohol. In this study, the ethanol fuel was added to diesel-biodiesel fuel blend with concentrations up to 50% with the increment of 5%. The biodiesel was used as an additive to pre-vent the stratification of ethanol and diesel blends. Thermodynamic parameters of engine were analyzed, and combustion process and exhaust emission were characterized. It turned out that with the increase in engine load is possible to utilize larger ethanol fraction in blend. With the increase of ethanol fuel in blend the in-crease in ignition delay (38.5% for full load) was observed, but burning duration decreased (49% for full load). The ethanol fuel share in blend generally causes the increase in NOx emission (42% for full load) due to higher oxygen content and higher in-cylinder temperatures. It turned out that, at full load the unrepeatability of indicated mean effective pressure was near the same up to 50% of ethanol fuel in blend (about 2%). In case of partial load at higher ethanol fuel fraction the in-crease in indicated mean effective pressure un-repeatability was observed.
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Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil, Rizalman Mamat, Abdul Mutalib Leman, Amir Khalid, and Noreffendy Tamaldin. "Experimental Investigation on Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blends Operating with a Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.221.
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Biodiesel is an alternative, decomposable and biological-processed fuel that has similar characteristics with mineral diesel which can be used directly into diesel engines. However, biodiesel has its drawbacks which are more density and viscosity compared to mineral diesel. Alcohol additives implementation such as ethanol could reduce significantly the density and viscosity of the biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (5%)-diesel (75%), biodiesel (20%)-methanol (10%)-diesel (70%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (15%)-diesel (65%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (20%)-diesel (60%) and standard mineral diesel as a baseline fuel are tested in a Mitsubishi 4D68 diesel engine. Those test fuels are investigated under the same operating conditions at three different engine loads; 20%, 40% and 60% at a constant engine speed of 2500 rpm to determine the engine performance, combustion and emission of the diesel engine. Overall, biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends show higher brake specific fuel consumption than mineral diesel especially at higher ethanol concentration. As ethanol proportions in blends increase, CO emissions increase, while NO emissions are reduced. Also, biodiesel-ethanol blend with 5% ethanol is more effective than other biodiesel-ethanol blends for reducing CO emissions and improve the combustion.
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Bhat, Shrivathsa Nelly, Shreyas Shenoy, and P. Dinesha. "Effect of bio-ethanol on the performance and emission of a biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814404017.
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In the present study investigates the effect of bio-ethanol on the performance and emissions of a biodiesel blend fueled compression ignition engine. The experiments are conducted using pongamia biodiesel blend B20 (20% pongamia biodiesel +80% diesel) with 5, 7.5 and 10% (v/v) of bio-ethanol on a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine. The tests are conducted at different load conditions. Performance and emissions characteristics are investigated for different bio-ethanol compositions. The results show that the brake thermal efficiency is maximum for B20E7.5 blend with a minimum brake specific fuel consumption. Carbon monoxide emission is minimum for B20E7.5 blend and NOx emission decreases as the bio-ethanol percentage is increased from 5 to 7.5%. The study reveals that 7.5% bio-ethanol with B20 pongamia biodiesel blend results better performance and emission characteristics.
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Chavan, Nikhil D., and Amar P. Pandhare. "Comparative Investigations on Mahua Biodiesel-Diesel - Alcohol Low Percentage Blends with a VCR Diesel Engine." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001014.
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In this analysis mahua oil biodiesel isselected as one of the best alternative fuel to diesel.Transesterficiation processisusedforbiodieselproduction.Serious concern on the emissions, in particularthe nitrogen oxides (NOx), PM (particulate matters) and carbondioxide (CO2)led to think about additives to improve the overall performance. In this investigation additives are used to improve the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Mahua biodiesel (B) and Diesel (D) blends. B20 blend is used as basic blend to compare the performance.Ethanol (E) and Propanol (P) used as additives indiesel-biodiesel blend with 5%,10% and 15%and tested in VCR diesel engine. Ethanol shown better performance in particular as compare to Propanol. The reduction of NOx, CO, CO2, HC emission in diesel engine and also increase performance in addition of 10% ethanol. From this conclude the result ethanol is alternative to improve efficiency of diesel engine by using the blended biodiesel.
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Ghanim, Fatima Mohammed, Ali Mohammed Hamdan Adam, and Hazir Farouk. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Fuel Blends." No 1 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51141/ijatr.2018.4.1.2.
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Abstract: There is growing interest to study the effect of blending various oxygenated additives with diesel or biodiesel fuel on engine performance and emission characteristics. This study aims to analyze the performance and exhaust emission of a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-ethanol-diesel. Biodiesel was first produced from crude Jatropha oil, and then it was blended with ethanol and fossil diesel in different blend ratios (B10E10D80, B12.5E12.5D75, B15E15D70, B20E20D60 and B25E25D50). The engine performance and emission characteristics were studied at engine speeds ranging from 1200 to 2000 rpm. The results show that the brake specific fuel consumption increases while the brake power decreases as the percentage of biodiesel and ethanol increases in the blend. The exhaust emission analysis shows a reduction in CO2 emission and increase in NOx emission when the biodiesel -to- ethanol ratio increases in the blends, when compared with diesel as a reference fuel.
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Ramesha, D. K., Nishad Rajmalwar, T. Sreeharsha Varma, and Swamy K. M. Mrithyunajaya. "Study of the Effects of Ethanol As an Additive with a Blend of Poultry Litter Biodiesel and Alumina Nanoparticles on a Diesel Engine." Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2017-0008.
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AbstractWith the increasing population and rise in industrialization, the demand for petroleum reserves is increasing almost daily. This is causing depletion of the non-renewable energy resources. This work aims to find an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The use of poultry litter oil biodiesel obtained from poultry industry waste, which is a non-edible source for biodiesel, is very encouraging as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The aim of this study is to observe and maximize the performance of poultry litter oil biodiesel by adding alumina nanoparticles and ethanol. The biodiesel is prepared with acid and the base catalysed transesterification of poultry litter oil with methanol using concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide as catalysts. The experimentation is carried out on a CI engine with three different blends - B20 biodiesel blend, B20 biodiesel blend with 30 mg/L alumina nanoparticles, and B20 biodiesel blend with 30 mg/L alumina nanoparticles and 15 ml/L ethanol. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics of all three blends are compared with neat diesel. The results of the experiment show that ethanol as an additive improves the combustion and performance characteristics. It increases the brake thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure. It also reduces CO and UBHC emissions and there is a marginal increase in NOxemissions as compared to neat diesel.
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Chasos, Charalambos A., George N. Karagiorgis, and Chris N. Christodoulou. "Diesel Internal Combustion Engine Emissions Measurements for Methanol-Based and Ethanol-Based Biodiesel Blends." Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (May 23, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162312.
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There is a recent interest for the utilisation of renewable and alternative fuel, which is regulated by the European Union, that currently imposes a lower limit of 7% by volume of biodiesel fuel blend in diesel fuel. The biodiesel physical characteristics, as well as the percentage of biodiesel blend in diesel fuel, affect the injector nozzle flow, the spray characteristics, the resulting air/fuel mixture, and subsequently the combustion quality and emissions, as well as the overall engine performance. In the present study, two different types of pure biodiesel fuel, namely, methanol-based biodiesel and ethanol-based biodiesel, were produced in the laboratory of Frederick University by chemical processing of raw materials. The two biodiesel fuels were used for blending pure diesel fuel at various percentages. The blends were used for smoke emissions measurements of a diesel internal combustion engine at increasing engine speed and for increasing engine temperatures. From the experimental investigations it was found that ethanol-based biodiesel blends result in higher smoke emissions than pure diesel fuel, while methanol-based biodiesel blends smoke emissions are lower compared to pure diesel fuel.
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John, Panneer, and Karuppannan Vadivel. "The effects of ethanol addition with waste pork lard methyl ester on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine." Thermal Science 18, no. 1 (2014): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci121010058j.
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In the recent research, as a result of depletion of world petroleum reserves, considerable attention has been focused on the use of different alternative fuels in diesel engines. The present work aims to ensure the possibility of adding ethanol as an additive with animal fat biodiesel that is tested as an alternative fuel for diesel in a CI engine. In this study, biodiesel is obtained from waste pork lard by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol when potassium hydroxide as catalyst. 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% by volume of ethanol is blended with neat biodiesel in order to improve performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. The experimental work is carried out in a 3.7 kW, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine for different loads and at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-ethanol blends are investigated by comparing them with neat biodiesel and standard diesel. The experimental test results showed that the combustion and performance characteristics improved with the increase in percentage of ethanol addition with biodiesel. When compared to neat biodiesel and standard diesel, an increase in brake thermal efficiency of 5.8% and 4.1% is obtained for BEB7.5 blend at full load of the engine. With the increase in percentage of ethanol fraction in the blends, peak cylinder pressure and the corresponding heat release rate are increased. Biodiesel-ethanol blends exhibit longer ignition delay and shorter combustion duration when compared to neat biodiesel. Optimum reduction in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emission are attained while using BEB5 blend at full load of the engine. However, there is an adverse effect in case of nitrogen oxide emission.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethanol-biodiesel blend"
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Klajn, Felipe Fernandes. "Avaliação Comparativa de Diferentes Proporções das Misturas Diesel-Biodiesel-Etanol e Diesel-Biodiesel frente ao Diesel Tipo A :Análises Físico-Químicas e de Desempenho de um Conjunto Motor-Gerador." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/807.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-18Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The search for alternatives to reduce diesel within the national energy matrix, particularly within the transport sector, has been studied and carried out in a gradual manner with partial insertions of biodiesel to diesel. This binary mixture, however, can be improved by the addition of ethyl alcohol (ethanol), which contain oxygen atoms in its structure and may be able to promote more efficient burning and to reduce exhaust emissions, both sulfur and non-sulfur. This work aimed to evaluate the energy performance of an engine-generator set working with diesel-biodiesel blends and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol, compared with the diesel type "A", i.e, diesel without the addition of biodiesel, as well as physicochemical characteristics of each treatment. The diesel-biodiesel mixtures were based on the currently marketed formulation (B7) and projections provided by the Senate Bill 613/2015 and Resolution No. 3/2015 CNPE for captive consumers or road fleets, ie, B10, B15 and B20. Each binary mixture this has undergone additions of anhydrous ethanol (99.6% p / p) to 1%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The treatments were subjected to 5 resistive loads of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kW in triplicate. The set of data collected, analyzed the density, viscosity, calorific value, specific consumption (CE), energy efficiency (EE) and SO2 emissions. The density and viscosity of the mixtures were close to the diesel and within the specifications of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). The calorific value decreased as the biofuel incorporated into the diesel grew. The best specific fuel consumption was observed in absolute terms at a load of 5 kW for B15E1 with 327.1 g kW-1 h-1followed by B10E1 (330.1 g kW-1 h-1) and diesel (g kW-1 h-1). The ternary mixture composed by adding 1% ethanol did not differ statistically from diesel-biodiesel blends for all applied loads. The greatest EE of 27.15% was observed at the load of 4 kW, to B10E15 mixture. The B15E1 mixtures, B20E1 and B20E0 were more efficient than diesel for all applied loads. The lowest emission of SO2 was 5 kW for the load B10E0 with 397.66 ppm, while the highest was in load of 1 kW for B15E15 with 3391.67 ppm.
A busca de alternativas para a diminuição do uso de diesel dentro da matriz energética nacional, principalmente dentro do setor de transportes, tem sido estudada e realizada de modo gradativo com inserções parciais de biodiesel ao diesel. Esta mistura binária, entretanto, pode ser melhorada com a adição de álcool etílico (etanol), que por conter átomos de oxigênio em sua estrutura pode ser capaz de promover uma queima mais eficiente e reduzir as emissões gasosas, tanto sulfuradas quanto não sulfuradas. Assim, este trabalho buscou avaliar o desempenho energético de um conjunto motor-gerador trabalhando com misturas diesel-biodiesel e diesel-biodiesel-etanol, comparando com o diesel tipo A , isto é, diesel sem a adição de biodiesel, bem como características físico-químicas de cada tratamento. As misturas diesel-biodiesel tiveram como base a formulação atualmente comercializada (B7) e projeções previstas pelo Projeto de Lei do Senado 613/2015 e Resolução CNPE nº 3/2015 para frotas cativas ou consumidores rodoviários, isto é, B10, B15 e B20. Cada mistura binária desta sofreu adições de etanol anidro (99,6% p/p) a 1%, 5%, 10% e 15%. Os tratamentos foram submetidos a 5 cargas resistivas de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 kW, em triplicata. Do conjunto de dados colhidos, foram analisados a densidade, viscosidade, poder calorífico superior e inferior, consumo específico (CE), eficiência energética (EE) e as emissões de SO2. A densidade e viscosidade das misturas ficaram próximas ao diesel e dentro das especificações da Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP). O poder calorífico inferior diminuiu a medida que o teor de biocombustíveis incorporados ao diesel cresceu. O melhor consumo específico em termos absolutos foi verificado na carga de 5 kW, para B15E1, com 327,1 g kW-1 h-1 seguido de B10E1 (330,1 g kW-1 h-1) e do diesel (334,7 g kW-1 h-1). As misturas ternárias compostas pela adição de 1% de etanol não diferiram estatisticamente das misturas diesel-biodiesel para todas as cargas aplicadas. A maior EE verificada foi de 27,15%, na carga de 4 kW, para a mistura B10E15. As misturas B15E1, B20E1 e B20E0 foram mais eficientes que o diesel para todas as cargas aplicadas. A menor emissão de SO2 foi verificada na carga de 5 kW para a mistura B10E0, com 397,66 ppm, enquanto a maior foi na carga de 1 kW, para B15E15, com 3391,67 ppm.
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Vanzella, Edson. "Estudo de propriedades físico-químicas do etanol Hidratado com adição de biodiesel para uso em motores De combustão interna ciclo otto." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/753.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-03The influence of the addition of biodiesel on hydrous ethanol for use at the internal combustion engines (Otto cycle), of vehicles and of aircrafts, as the utilized in the crop duster Ipanema, is that aimed to this study. The Brazilian Aeronautics Company - Embraer, in partnership with Aircraft Industry Neiva, Ipanema agricultural aircraft manufacturers, converted the engine of this aircraft, originally stocked with aviation gasoline (Avgas) for ethanol in 2005. The success of the conversion of the fossil fuel for the biofuel is proven and reported by aircraft operators throughout Brazil, with advantages environmental, economic, of infrastructure and yield. However, some physical and chemical properties of ethanol as the low lubricity, low flash point, its hygroscopic nature and low viscosity, may bring damage to components of the aircraft fuel system, as well as parts of the engine. Biodiesel possesses features that are useful to the Otto cycle engine, because its organic components associated with your higher electrical conductivity, provide high lubricity when it is added to the ethanol. Biodiesel flash point is high, and thus minimizes flammability risks from transport, storage and supply of ethanol. Because it is less corrosive than ethanol, biodiesel when mixed with ethanol also reduces the conditions of wear and corrosion on parts and engine parts. For diagnosing the ideals levels to the mixture formation were performed eight different compositions (four with soybean biodiesel and four with castor bean biodiesel) varying the percentage of biodiesel at 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% (m/m) in hydrous ethanol. Responses were observed in terms of calorific value, viscosity, flash point, density, electrical conductivity and turbidity for each blend. The calorific value and viscosity were influenced by the major carbon chains of biodiesel, with the largest increase in calorific value occurred in the blend with 10% soybean biodiesel (+ 8.70%). The viscosity of the blend with 10% castor bean biodiesel increased 23.8% and for the blends with 5% castor bean biodiesel and 10% soy biodiesel increased 15%. The flash point for the blends with 10% of soy biodiesel and of castor increased approximately 1 ° C, improving the security conditions in the fuel handling. The density extrapolated the ceiling of specified 1.42% for the blend with 10% castor biodiesel. This parameter is dependent on the amount of water present in the ethanol, which in this study if presented in the maximum, thus doing the density of blends exceed the limit. The electrical conductivity and the turbidity diagnosed homogeneous mixtures, without phase separation and increase in fuel lubricity.
A influência da adição de biodiesel ao etanol hidratado para utilização em motores de combustão interna (ciclo Otto), de veículos e de aeronaves, como o utilizado no avião agrícola Ipanema, é o que objetivou esse estudo. A Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica Embraer, em parceria com a Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva, fabricantes do avião agrícola Ipanema, converteu o motor desta aeronave, originalmente abastecido com gasolina de aviação (Avgas), para etanol em 2005. O sucesso da conversão do combustível fóssil para o biocombustível é comprovado e relatado por operadores da aeronave em todo o Brasil, com vantagens ambientais, econômicas, de infraestrutura e rendimento. No entanto, algumas características físicas e químicas do etanol, como sua baixa lubricidade, baixo ponto de fulgor, sua natureza higroscópica e baixa viscosidade, podem trazer danos a componentes do sistema de combustível da aeronave, bem como a partes do motor. O biodiesel possui características que são úteis ao motor ciclo Otto, pois seus componentes orgânicos associados a sua maior condutividade elétrica, proporcionam uma capacidade de lubrificação elevada quando este é adicionado ao etanol. O ponto de fulgor do biodiesel é alto, e assim, minimiza os riscos de inflamabilidade decorrentes do transporte, armazenamento e abastecimento do etanol. Por ser menos corrosivo que o álcool combustível, o biodiesel quando misturado ao etanol também atenua as condições de desgaste e corrosão em peças e partes do motor. Para diagnosticar os teores ideais para formação da mistura, foram realizadas 8 diferentes composições (4 com biodiesel de soja e 4 com biodiesel de mamona), variando-se o percentual de biodiesel em 1%, 3%, 5% e 10% (m/m) em etanol hidratado. As respostas foram verificadas em termos do poder calorífico, da viscosidade, do ponto de fulgor, da densidade, da condutividade elétrica e da turbidez para cada blenda. O poder calorífico e a viscosidade foram influenciados pelas grandes cadeias carbônicas do biodiesel, sendo que o maior acréscimo no poder calorífico ocorreu na blenda com 10% de biodiesel de soja (+ 8,70%). A viscosidade da blenda com 10% de biodiesel de mamona aumentou 23,8% e para as blendas com 5% de biodiesel de mamona e 10% de biodiesel de soja aumentou 15%. O ponto de fulgor para as blendas com 10% de biodiesel de soja e de mamona aumentou aproximadamente 1 °C, melhorando a condição de segurança no manuseio do combustível. A densidade extrapolou o limite máximo da especificação em 1,42% para a blenda com 10% de biodiesel de mamona. Este parâmetro é dependente da quantidade de água presente no etanol, que neste estudo se apresentou no limite máximo, assim, fazendo com que a densidade das blendas ultrapassasse o limite. A condutividade elétrica e a turbidez diagnosticaram misturas homogêneas, sem separação de fases e com acréscimo no poder de lubrificação do combustível
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GUEDES, ANDREW DAVID MENDES. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ABOUT ETHANOL IMPACT IN DIESEL-BIODIESEL-ETHANOL BLENDS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30923@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROAGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO
Há algum tempo biocombustíveis renováveis são potenciais soluções sugeridas às questões de emissão de poluentes e dependência da sociedade aos derivados fósseis. Biodiesel e etanol são combustíveis comerciais renováveis candidatos à substituição das fontes fósseis, especialmente, em motores de ignição por compressão, os quais são tipicamente mais eficientes do que aqueles de ignição por centelha. Misturas ternárias de diesel, biodiesel e etanol formam estratégias de substituição parcial do diesel aplicáveis em motores de ignição por compressão sem a necessidade de grandes adaptações. Nesta dissertação realizaram-se avaliações experimentais em um motor multi-cilíndrico de ignição por compressão (MWM 4.10 TCA), abastecido com misturas de diesel, biodiesel (até 15 por cento em teor volumétrico) e etanol anidro (até 20 por cento em teor volumétrico). Cada mistura ternária é composta por diferentes proporções do álcool e sempre com a concentração volumétrica de 1 por cento de um aditivo estabilizador da mistura. Portanto, os testes associam substituições parciais do diesel por biocombustíveis a avaliações de desempenho do motor e da combustão das misturas, sob algumas condições de carga, regimes de rotação e instantes de injeção de combustível. Os testes realizados indicam que misturas com 20 por cento em volume de concentração de etanol experimentam inícios de combustão até 4,7 graus CA mais atrasados. Porém, a busca de instantes otimizados na injeção de combustível trouxe melhorias ao desempenho do motor, permitiu conversões energéticas mais vantajosas do etanol na ignição por compressão frente à ignição por centelha, além de minimizar efeitos do etanol em retardar o início da combustão.
Renewable biofuels have been proposed for a long time as an alternative to the issues concerned to pollutants emission and also society s liability to fossil fuels. Biodiesel and ethanol are renewable commercial fuel candidates for fossil fuels substitution, especially, in compression ignition engines, which are typically more efficient than the spark ignition ones. Diesel s partial replacement, such as the substitution by ternary blends formed by diesel, biodiesel and ethanol, is a strategy applicable to compression ignition engines without the need of further modifications. In this dissertation tests were run in a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine (MWM 4.10 TCA), fueled with diesel, biodiesel (up to 15 percent in volumetric content) and anhydrous ethanol (up to 20 percent in volumetric content) blends. Each mixture should be composed by different alcohol s proportions and always containing a 1 percent volumetric concentration of additive in order to ensure ternary s blend stability. Therefore, tests try to ally diesel s partial replacement by biofuels with engine performance and blends combustion assessment, under some combinations of load, engine speed and injection timing conditions. The tests performed indicate that the start of the combustion experienced up to 4.7 degrees CA postponements, when fueled with a 20 percent ethanol volumetric concentration blend. Still, optimized injection timing investigation brought improvements to engine performance, allowed better ethanol energetic conversions through compression ignition when compared to spark ignition and could also minimize delays caused by ethanol s presence in the beginning of the combustion.
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PRADELLE, FLORIAN ALAIN YANNICK. "USE OF BIOFUELS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES: POTENTIAL OF DIESEL-BIODIESEL-ETHANOL BLENDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29914@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
BOLSA NOTA 10
Para substituir parcialmente a demanda em óleo diesel de origem fóssil, reduzir os elevados custos de importação e respeitar as normas ambientais, políticas sustentáveis já levaram a substituir parcialmente óleo diesel por biodiesel. Entretanto, outras tecnologias, como as misturas diesel-biodiesel-etanol, estão sendo investigadas. O principal desafio dessas misturas consiste em melhorar a miscibilidade e a estabilidade do álcool no óleo diesel. No presente trabalho, formulou-se um aditivo original, a partir de compostos renováveis, que permitiu melhorar a faixa de concentração de etanol anidro dentro de óleo diesel com 15 por cento em volume de biodiesel e de temperatura onde observa-se misturas estáveis. Diversas propriedades físico-químicas das misturas aditivadas foram medidas em uma larga faixa de concentração de etanol para avaliar os aspetos de consumo, qualidade da combustão, comportamento a baixa temperatura, interação entre fluido e superfície, e segurança. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que misturas com, pelo menos, 1,0 por cento em volume de aditivo e até 20 por cento em volume de etanol anidro são estáveis para temperaturas superiores a 10 graus Celsius e respeitam a maioria das especificações brasileiras atuais para óleo diesel. Ensaios experimentais em um motor de ignição por compressão MWM 4.10 TCA (Euro III) foram realizados com estas misturas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a substituição do óleo diesel altera as características da combustão: o crescente teor de etanol leva ao aumento do atraso de ignição, à liberação de calor mais rápida e à diminuição da pressão máxima. Mesmo nessas condições não otimizadas de injeção e de combustão, os resultados mostraram uma melhor conversão da energia química no etanol para produzir potência efetiva, comparado com os valores encontrados nos motores flex fuel de ciclo Otto, além de um pequeno aumento no rendimento térmico do motor.
In order to partially replace the demand of fossil diesel fuels, to reduce high import costs and to comply with environmental standards, sustainable policies have led to partially replace diesel fuel by biodiesel. However, other technologies, such as diesel-biodiesel-ethanol mixtures, are being investigated. The major challenge of these mixtures is to improve the miscibility and the stability of alcohol in diesel fuel. In this study, an original additive, from renewable compounds, improved the miscibility of anhydrous ethanol in diesel fuel with 15 per cent by volume of biodiesel and temperature in which stable mixtures were observed. Several physicochemical properties of the additivated mixtures were measured in a large range of ethanol concentration to evaluate aspects of consumption, combustion quality, behavior at low temperature, interaction between the fluid and the surface, and safety. The results showed that blends with, at least 1.0 per cent, by volume of additive and 20 per cent by volume of anhydrous ethanol are stable at temperatures above 10 degrees Celsius and respected most of the current Brazilian specifications for diesel fuel. Experimental tests on a compression ignition engine MWM 4.10 TCA (Euro III) were performed with these mixtures. The results showed that the diesel fuel substitution alters the characteristics of combustion: the increased ethanol content implied an increase of the ignition delay, a faster heat release and a decrease of maximum pressure. Despite these non-optimized conditions for injection and combustion, results showed a better conversion of ethanol chemical energy into brake power, in comparison to the values found in flex fuel spark ignition engine, in addition to a small increase in the indicated efficiency of the engine.
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Tsai, jin-ming, and 蔡錦銘. "Study of Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions Using Response Surface Method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46760184743671613381.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
生物機電工程學系碩士班
101
The products of Diesel engine combustion were proven to be one of the major sources for air pollutants, seriously threatening our environment. The impact on the ecosystem creates environmental problems and produce carcinogenic components that significantly endanger the health of human beings. As the consumption of biofuels increases around the world, ethanol and biodiesel become more and more important. Biofuels blending from ethanol and biodiesel can reduce costs and increase the advantages of biofuels. Research on ethanol nowadays shows that it is an attractive renewable energy material. Previous studies showed that ethanol could reduce CO2 and NOx, decrease the emission of hydrocarbons and particulate matter emission, and could become the substitute fuel for diesel engines. This study used different operating conditions to analy diesel engine pollutant reduction. Diesel-ethanol blended fuel was used, the ethanol blend ratios were prepared at BE0, BE5, and BE10 vol %, the speed of the diesel engine was tested at 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm, and the throttle position emission was set at 10, 55, and 100 %. The response surface was designed under the three conditions, and the model of Box Behnken Design （BBD） was adopted. Measurements included engine power, fuel consumption, particulate matter, and air pollutants to analyze the results. In this study, results showed that the expected function under the low air pollution and low particulate matter condition could be achieved when the mixing ratio is set at 1 %, and the throttle opening 1800 rpm. The concentration of NOx, CO2, and other air pollutant could thus be lowered. The CO of 1340 mg/m3 , CO2 of 1.7 % , NOx of 399 mg/m3 , Engine output power of 1.23 hp.
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Yi-ChengLiu and 劉易承. "Energy Performance and Air Pollutant Emissions in a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with the Blends of Hydrous Ethanol, Biodiesel and Diesel." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54871620482933889851.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
98
In order to improve fuel combustion performance, hydrous ethanol(95%)、butanol and soybean biodiesel were co-blended at different percentages. Due to the oxygen rich fuel of alcohol, its addition to diesel fuel can improve the combustion performance in CI engine and also can reduce the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke. However, the emission of Nitrogen oxides (NOx) depends on the types of alcohol additives and operation condition used. In addition, hydrated ethanol poses miscibility challenge with diesel fuel owing to the presence of 5% water. To overcome this Challenge, different percentages of diesel-biodiesel-butanol-ethanol blending ratios were assessed for stability out of which, the most suitable class of blends was selected based on phase stability upon 30 days standing. Stable blends were then selected for testing for their combustion characteristic, energy efficiency performance and pollutant emissions in a diesel engine generator. Tested pollutants included the particulate matter (PM), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Experimental results indicated that the selected fuels had better combustion performances as well as reduction in pollutant emissions pollutant emission. At engine’s idle mode, significant control of pollutants was only noted for the emission of PM and PAHs. However at higher engine loading, reduction of PM, NOx, CO and PAHs emission were also noted. In terms of fuel consumption, It was found that the use of blended fuels in diesel engine have no significant difference with petro diesel. Fuel consumption increased from 0.3% to 0.45% at idle mode and higher loading respectively. Similarly, break specific fuel consumption of BD2041 and BD3041 increased by 1.7% at higher loading status in relation to Petro diesel fuel. In terms of pollutants emission, PM emission reduction at higher engine loading decreased at percentage of 3.7% to 27.5% at idle mode, and 4.2% to 84% for higher loading. Similar to other pollutant reduction, CO reduction was observed to be in the range of between 4.5% and 14.5% at higher loading. However, CO emission trend at idle mode was exactly opposite of the emission trend at higher loading. CO emission increasing ranged from 17.8% to 43.0% for idle mode but reduction range from 4.52% to 14.5% for higher engine loading. NOx emission for blended fuels slightly decreased with the use of blended fuels in relation to Petro diesel fuel for both engine operation conditions. NOx emission reduction ranged from 1.09% to 8.70% for idle mode and 6.41% to 11.5% for higher engine loading. The emission of PAHs for blended fuels followed similar trend to PM and CO emission. PAHs emission reduction ranged from 12% to 54% for idle mode and 7.9% to 54.1% for higher engine loading. The results indicated that alcohol blended fuels have no significant effect on the performance of engine combustion. However, they are superior over Petrol diesel fuel in reduction of air pollution emissions.
Book chapters on the topic "Ethanol-biodiesel blend"
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Budhraja, Neeraj, Amit Pal, Manish Jain, and R. S. Mishra. "Comparative Analysis of the Engine Emissions from CI Engine Using Diesel–Biodiesel–Ethanol Blends." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 363–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9678-0_32.
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Chasos, Charalambos A., George N. Karagiorgis, and Chris N. Christodoulou. "Chapter 8. Diesel Internal Combustion Engine Emissions Measurements for Methanol-Based and Ethanol-Based Biodiesel Blends." In Transportation and the Environment, 183–206. 9 Spinnaker Way, Waretown, NJ 08758, USA: Apple Academic Press Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315365886-13.
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Singh, Amanpreet, Sandeep Singh, Varun Singla, and Varinder Singh. "Performance and Emission Analysis of a C.I. Engine Using Ethanol and Its Blends with Jojoba Biodiesel and Diesel as a Fuel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 229–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6577-5_23.
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Singh, Sandip Kumar. "Utilization of Plant Biomass for the Production of Renewable and Sustainable Biofuels With Zero Carbon Emission." In Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines, 26–43. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2539-5.ch002.
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Biofuels for use of transport and industrial purposes have been synthesised on a substantial scale since 1970s, using a set of technologies. Today, biofuels are widely available using sugar, grains, starch-based bioethanol, and oil seeds-based biodiesel. For enhancing the anticipations of product portfolio of plant biomass-to-biofuels formation, it is vital to develop effective conversion technologies for upgradation of abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass resources into value-added co-products particularly biofuels and chemicals. In this chapter, brief synthesis processes and utilization of synthesised biofuels such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel have been outlined for their use in transport sectors either as a neat or blended with gasoline. Biofuels' physico-chemical properties, performances, gas emissions, pros, and cons of various synthesised biofuels' neat and blend are compared with non-renewable fuels. Thenceforth, discussion gradually focuses towards the zero-carbon emission upon the utilization of biofuels derived from plant biomass.
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Barabas, Istvan, and Ioan-Adrian Todoru. "Utilization of Biodiesel-Diesel-Ethanol Blends in CI Engine." In Biodiesel- Quality, Emissions and By-Products. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/27137.
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Maroa, Semakula, and Freddie Inambao. "Effects of Biodiesel Blends Varied by Cetane Numbers and Oxygen Contents on Stationary Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions." In Numerical and Experimental Studies on Combustion Engines and Vehicles. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92569.
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This work investigated waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO), 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN), and ethanol as sources of renewable energy, blending conventional diesel (CD), WPPO, and ethanol with EHN was to improve the combustion and performance characteristics of the WPPO blends. EHN has the potential to reduce emissions of CO, CO2, UHC, NOX, and PM. Ethanol improves viscosity, miscibility, and the oxygen content of WPPO. Mixing ratios were 50/WPPO25/E25, 60/WPPO20/E20, 70/WPPO15/E15, 80/WPPO10/E10, and 90/WPPO5/E5 for CD, waste plastic pyrolysis oil, and ethanol, respectively. The mixing ratio of EHN (0.01%) was based on the total quantity of blended fuel. Performance and emission characteristics of a stationary 4-cylinder water-cooled diesel Iveco power generator were evaluated with ASTM standards. At 1000 rpm, the BSFC was 0.043 kg/kWh compared to CD at 0.04 kg/kWh. Blend 90/WPPO5/E5 had the highest value of 14% for BTE, while the NOX emissions for 90/WPPO5/E5, 80/WPPO10/E10, and 70/WPPO15/E15 were 384, 395, and 414 ppm, respectively, compared to CD fuel at 424 ppm. This is due to their densities of 792 kg/m3, 825 kg/m3 which are close to CD fuel at 845 kg/m3 and the additive EHN. These results show blends of WPPO, ethanol and EHN reduce emissions, and improve engine performance, mimicking CD fuel.
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Tse, Ho. "Combustion and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends and Supplemented with Intake CO2 Charge Dilution." In Developments in Combustion Technology. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64470.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ethanol-biodiesel blend"
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Lee, Po-I., Atsushi Matsumoto, Yi Zheng, Xingbin Xie, and Ming-Chia Lai. "The Spray and Engine Combustion Performances of Ethanol-Biodiesel Fuel Blends." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60073.
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Some research has studied the effects of ethanol blended diesel (E-diesel) on emissions due to the availability of ethanol. However, a co-solvent or emulsifier is needed to provide better mixing of these two fuels, which would complicate the production process. In recent years, researchers have reported that biodiesel is a good co-solvent in terms of its miscibility with ethanol. Therefore, the present study utilizes the name “E-Biodiesel” representing the blend of ethanol and biodiesel as an alternative fuel. In this paper, the effects of blending ratios (B100, B80E20, and B60E40) of ethanol-biodiesel on viscosity, spray vaporization, engine combustion, and exhaust emissions are investigated. The viscosity measurements show that appropriate ethanol-biodiesel blends could approach the viscosity of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). The effect of blends on fuel spray structure is investigated by using two single-hole injectors with different nozzle orifice diameters (80μm and 150 μm) and high-speed Schlieren imaging. The results indicate that different patterns of spray vaporization are observed due to the addition of ethanol at different ambient pressure. The combustion and emission tests are carried out in a multi-cylinder high-speed diesel engine, and the effects of E-Biodiesel are significant with respect to the power output, fuel consumption, and emissions. As a result, nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM) could be reduced simultaneously by the adjustment of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Therefore, with proper blending ratios of biodiesel and ethanol, E-biodiesel could be considered viable as an alternative fuel in the future.
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Sukjit, Ekarong, Jose M. Herreros, Karl Dearn, and Athanasios Tsolakis. "Improving Ethanol-Diesel Blend Through the Use of Hydroxylated Biodiesel." In SAE 2014 International Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2776.
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Jenkins, Carey, Daniel Mastbergen, and Rudolf Stanglmaier. "Measurement of the Percentage of Biodiesel in Blends With a Commercial Dielectric Fuel Sensor." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2006-1539.
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Biodiesel is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and renewable fuel which can be made from vegetable oils. Most biodiesel used today is blended with petroleum diesel because lower level blends can be used in compression-ignition engines designed for conventional diesel fuel. Blending biodiesel with petroleum based diesel affects the physical properties of the fuel, which can have an impact on the performance of the engine. If the percentage of biodiesel in the fuel tank can be measured easily, it is possible to make engine adjustments to enhance the performance and emissions. In this project, a commercial fuel sensor was evaluated as a possible biodiesel percentage sensor. The Ford flexible fuel sensor was originally designed to measure the amount of ethanol in ethanol/gasoline blends. This resonant electromagnetic cavity sensor was used to determine the correlation between the output frequency and the percentage of biodiesel in blends of soybean oil biodiesel and No. 2 diesel fuel. Pure diesel fuel and soybean B100 were tested to serve as reference points. Soybean B100 from a different distributor and canola B100 were tested to investigate the effect of different biodiesel sources and types on output frequency. The output frequency of vegetable oil was also measured in order to consider the effect of using vegetable oil instead of biodiesel when trying to estimate blend percentage. The Ford flexible fuel sensor was capable of measuring the biodiesel percentage to within about ± 3%, and temperature changes between 10 and 50 °C produced no substantial change in this measurement. Emissions and performance measurements on a production diesel engine suggest that this sensor accuracy is sufficient to provide feedback for making adjustments to the engine operation.
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Yoon, Seung Hyun, Jin Woo Hwang, Hyun Kyu Suh, and Chang Sik Lee. "Effect of Injection Strategy on the Combustion and Exhaust Emissions Characteristics of Biodiesel-Ethanol Blend in a DI Diesel Engine." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76063.
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An experimental investigation was performed on the effect of injection strategy on the combustion, exhaust emissions characteristics and the particle size distribution in a direct-injection (DI) compression ignition engine fueled with biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel. The results obtained from the experiment of the particle distributions for the blended fuel are compared to that of diesel fuel. In addition to the distribution of the particles, exhaust emissions such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and combustion characteristics under different engine operating parameters were investigated. The engine operating parameters in terms of injection timing and injection strategy were varied to investigate the combustion and emission reduction of biodiesel and ethanol blended fuel. The results show that multiple injection strategy of biodiesel-ethanol blended is beneficial to reduce NOx emissions significantly without significant increase of soot emission. In multiple injection strategy, as the first injection mass was increased, the larger size particles were increased, however total numbers of particles were reduced. Biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel reduced particle concentration of relatively large size compared to the particles concentration of ULSD. Moreover, dramatically lower NOx and soot emissions were found at the blend fueled with engine at the same injection condition.
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Muralidharan, M., M. Subramanian, P. C. Kanal, and R. K. Malhotra. "Evaluation of a Novel Biofuel Blend using Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol on Light Commercial Vehicle." In 16th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-28-0015.
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Zhu, Lei, Wugao zhang, Zhen Huang, and Junhua Fang. "The Effects of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst on Particulate Emission of Ethanol-Biodiesel Blend Fuel." In SAE 2014 International Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2730.
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Kannan, G. R. "Effect of Injection Pressures and Timings on the Performance Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel-Diesel-Ethanol Blend." In SAE 2013 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1699.
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Yoon, Seung Hyun, Su Han Park, Hyun Kyu Suh, and Chang Sik Lee. "Effect of Biodiesel-Ethanol Blended Fuel Spray Characteristics on the Reduction of Exhaust Emissions in a Common-Rail Diesel Engine." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54227.
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An experiment was performed to analyze the effects of biodiesel-ethanol blended fuel spray on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a single-cylinder common-rail diesel engine. To analyze the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of biodiesel blended fuel spray, measurements of the injection rate, droplet diameter, and spray tip penetration were taken using an injection rate meter, spray visualization and a droplet measuring system. The combustion, exhaust emission characteristics and size distributions of particulate matter were determined for various engine operating conditions using biodiesel-ethanol blends, and the results were compared to those of conventional diesel fuel. In this investigation, the measured results of biodiesel-ethanol blended fuels show that the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) decreased with an increase of relative velocity between the injected fuel and ambient gas. Comparing the combustion characteristics of diesel fuel and biodiesel-ethanol blended fuels, both diesel and blended fuel showed similar trends in combustion pressure and the rate of heat release. However, the combustion of biodiesel-ethanol blends had lower combustion characteristics such as combustion pressures and heat release rates than those of diesel fuel because of their lower heating values. In the case of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the indicated specific NOx (ISNOx), and soot concentrations were lower than those of conventional diesel fuel.
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Barabás, István, and Adrian I. Todoruţ. "Key Fuel Properties of Biodiesel-diesel Fuel-ethanol Blends." In Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1810.
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Anand, R., G. R. Kannan, and P. Karthikeyan. "A Study of the Performance Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Using Waste Cooking Oil Methyl Ester-Ethanol Blends." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86705.
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The growing environmental concerns and the depletion of petroleum reserves have caused the development of alternative fuels. Biodiesel and alcohols are receiving increasing attention as alternative fuels for diesel engines due to well oxygenated, renewable fuels. In this study, a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct injection diesel engine has been experimentally investigated using ethanol-blended waste cooking oil methyl ester. Various proportion of biodiesel-ethanol blends were used in stability test at the different temperatures from 10 °C to 40 °C in the increment of 10°C. Based on the stability tests and improvement in fuel properties, B90E10 (90% biodiesel and 10% ethanol) and B80E20 (80% biodiesel and 20% ethanol) were selected for this investigation. Test results revealed that the improved engine characteristics with the use of B9E10 especially in comparison with B80E20. Reduction in brake thermal efficiency by 3.8% and slightly higher brake specific energy consumption of 15.1% were observed with B90E10 when compared to diesel at 100% load condition. Carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon, nitric oxide and smoke emission of B90E10 were reduced by 0.09% by vol., 10 ppm, 187 ppm and 12.9%, respectively compared to diesel. B90E10 exhibited lower peak pressure of 70.5 bar, slightly longer ignition delay of 14.2 °CA, and combustion duration of 43.3 °CA was also observed at 100% load condition.