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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethanol-Gasoline'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

BICALHO, KLITIA VALESKA. "DISSOLUTION OF GASOLINE IN PRESENCE OF WATER AND ETHANOL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2140@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Muitos contaminantes orgânicos, incluindo derivados do petróleo, como por exemplo a gasolina, têm baixa solubilidade em água e migram na subsuperfície como uma fase separada da água sendo referidos como NAPLs (non aqueous liquid phases). Em seu processo de migração na subsuperficie os NAPLs deixam para trás segmentos de líquidos disconectados na forma de gânglios ou lentes que constituem a fase residual do contaminante. A presença do contaminante residual constitui-se numa das maiores dificuldades para a implementação de

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2

RODRIGUES, RHAISSA DE SOUZA. "BIODEGRADATION OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS IN UNSATURATED RESIDUAL SOIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25018@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A contaminação de solos por hidrocarbonetos é uma real preocupação ambiental em muitas partes do mundo devido a crescente dependência econômica dos derivados do petróleo, principalmente os combustíveis fósseis que estão frequentemente sujeitos a vazamentos e derramamentos acidentais. Estudos capazes de entender os mecanismos de biodegradação dos componentes da gasolina no solo não saturado se fazem necessários, pois auxiliam no processo de tomada de decisões em relação ao gere

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3

FILHO, GUILHERME BARROS DE CASTRO. "FLUX AND TRANSPORT STUDY OF PURE GASOLINE AND GASOLINE BLENDED ETHANOL IN UNSATURATED POROUS MEDIA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11332@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>O derramamento no solo de poluentes imiscíveis com a água (NAPLs) devido a vazamentos de tanques de armazenamento ou dutos e acidentes de transporte é de grande interesse, pois o NAPL e/ou seus constituintes podem migrar através da zona vadosa até atingir o lençol freático e contaminar as fontes de água potável. No Brasil, a maioria dos postos de combustível e terminais de armazenamento possui tanques de etanol, gasolina misturada com etanol e óleo diesel. Um eventual derramamento ou vazamento de hidrocarbonetos derivados

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4

De, Oliveira Everton. "Ethanol flushing of gasoline residuals, microscale and field scale experiments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21340.pdf.

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5

Arthur, Daniel Tettey. "Hybrid thermodynamic life cycle assessment of gasoline and ethanol blends." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406030567.

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6

Kasseris, Emmanuel P. "Knock limits in spark ignited direct injected engines using gasoline/ethanol blends." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69496.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-134).<br>Direct Fuel Injection (DI) extends engine knock limits compared to Port Fuel Injection (PFI) by utilizing the in-cylinder charge cooling effect due to fuel evaporation. The use of gasoline/ethanol blends in DI is therefore especially advantageous due to the high heat of vaporization of ethanol. Additionally ethanol blends also display superior chemical resistance to auto-ignition, therefore allowing the f

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7

Kazasi, Anna. "Evaluation of gasoline-denatured ethanol as a carbon source for wastewater denitrification." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76940.

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Methanol (MeOH) is a common external carbon source for wastewater denitrification, because of its low cost and low sludge yield. Ethanol (EtOH), on the other hand, is more expensive, but yields higher denitrification rates. This study introduces gasoline-denatured ethanol (dEtOH), which is now being produced in large quantities for the production of E10 gasoline, as an alternative carbon source. The gasoline added, as the denaturant, is known as "straight-run" gasoline; a lower grade material that contains mostly aliphatic compounds, but lacks the components that normally boost the octane rati

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8

Evangelista, Lauren E. "Ethanol and the U.S. Economy: Unintended Consequences." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/689.

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Thesis advisor: Frank Gollop<br>This thesis explores the unanticipated consequences of producing ethanol for use as a transportation fuel in the United States. Statistical analysis is conducted to determine the effect that increased ethanol production has on the prices of two essential American commodities: corn and gasoline. A simultaneous system of the demand and supply of corn is developed to estimate the effect of ethanol on the price of corn. The results of this model suggest that during the period 1986-2001, corn demanded for ethanol production caused the price of corn to be 19% higher t

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9

FERNANDO, AMANDA FABIANA BAIAO. "FE(III) AS ELECTRON ACCEPTOR FOR GASOLINE-ETHANOL BIODEGRADATION IN TROPICAL RESIDUAL SOIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15948@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Os hidrocarbonetos monoaromáticos constituintes da gasolina (BTEX) têm sido encontrados em aquiferos devido aos vazamentos de tanques de armazenamento e sua consequente dissolução na água subterrânea. No Brasil existe ainda um agravante: o etanol é utilizado como aditivo à gasolina, o que promove um aumento na profundidade de percolação dos poluentes, já que atua como cossolvente e possui degradação preferencial. Alterações nas condições químicas do meio ambiente proporcionam, por conseqüência, adaptações na dinâmica de sobrevivên

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10

Lewandowski, Jason A. "Modified UNIFAC-LLE Group-Interaction Parameters for the Prediction of Gasoline-Ethanol-Water Equilibria." Digital WPI, 2008. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/461.

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Gasoline spills are sources of groundwater contamination. In the event of a spill, timely remediation efforts can advert most of the potential groundwater contamination due to the immiscibility of gasoline in water. Ethanol functions as a cosolvent that can increase the solubility of gasoline in water. Therefore, the risk of groundwater contamination in the event of a fuel spill increases as the ethanol content in automobile fuels increases. This study examines the effect fuel spill size and ethanol content has on the quantities of toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and o-xylene (TEMO) that disso

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11

Tsirakos, Sebastiaan. "Gasoline‐Ethanol‐Methanol (GEM) Ternary Fuel Blend as an Alternative Passenger Car Fuel in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220404.

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12

Ugwoha, Ejikeme. "Impact of soil organic matter on groundwater contamination risks for ethanol and butanol blended gasoline." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/.

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This work examined the impact of soil organic matter (SOM) on the sorption, phase distribution and transport of ethanol and butanol blended gasoline vapours after release. Microcosm and mini-lysimeter experiments were conducted using sand with varying SOM and moisture contents. Synthetic gasoline alone and blended with 10 - 20% ethanol and 10 - 20% butanol by volume, referred to as UG, E10 - E20 and B10 - B20, respectively, were used. Results from the UG were used as the benchmark to assess the impact of ethanol and butanol on gasoline compounds. The findings of this work illustrate the likely

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13

Waters, Benjamin David. "Cold start and hydrocarbon emissions of a spark ignition engine fuelled with ethanol-gasoline mixtures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575150.

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In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the use of ethanol as a future fuel for spark ignition engines. The finite availability of oil coupled with concerns about global warming and CO2 emissions has led to an increase in the use of ethanol which is produced from biomass. Generally ethanol is blended with gasoline to make an automotive fuel with the most common blend being E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline by volume), which is used in Sweden and in the USA. Unlike gasoline, ethanol is a single component fuel which has a low volatility especially at low temperatures which means tha

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14

Alrayyes, Taleb. "The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine energy balance and heat transfer characteristics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29749/.

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Ethanol is one of a group of hydrocarbon fuels produced from bio-mass which is attracting interest as an alternative fuel for spark ignition engines. Major producers of ethanol include Brazil, from sugar cane, and the USA, from com. Reasons for the growing interest in ethanol include economic development, security of fuel supply and the reduction of net emissions of carbon dioxide relative to levels associated with the use of fossil fuels. Unlike gasoline, which is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds suited to meet a range of start and operating requirements, ethanol is a single component fuel

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15

Ngo, Anh-Thu. "Environmentally responsible consumption of ethanol blended gasoline : behavioural determinants, economic decisions and politics of intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27158/27158.pdf.

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16

Ahmed, Hassan Farouk. "Fuel ethanol as an octane enhancer in the U.S. gasoline market : potential demand and policy considerations /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487330761218398.

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17

Diehl, Daiane. "Formação do preço de etanol hidratado no Estado de São Paulo e sua relação com os mercados de açúcar e de gasolina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-14082012-094235/.

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O principal objetivo deste estudo foi estimar um modelo analítico que explicasse a relação entre os mercados de etanol hidratado e de gasolina C, incluindo, também, efeitos de outros fatores, como o preço de açúcar nos mercados doméstico e internacional e a renda. Por sua capacidade de captar efeitos dinâmicos, utilizou-se o Modelo de Auto-Regressão Vetorial com Correção de Erro VEC. A análise das funções de demanda dos combustíveis mostrou que o consumo de etanol responde de forma expressiva a variações contemporâneas no próprio preço e no preço da gasolina, produto substituto nesse segmento

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18

Ferreira, Silvia Maria. ""Relação entre a espessura real e aparente da gasolina com etanol e da gasolina pura em colunas de laboratório"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44133/tde-26062005-171404/.

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A gasolina que é comercializada no Brasil sofre a adição de álcool etílico anidro, também conhecido como etanol, em frações que podem variar de 20 a 24%. O uso desse composto adicionado à gasolina serve para aumentar a octanagem e reduzir a emissão de monóxido de carbono para a atmosfera. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar e comparar a relação existente entre a espessura encontrada nos poços de monitoramento e no meio poroso, tanto para gasolina pura quanto para a gasolina com 20 % de etanol (E-20), após a simulação de um vazamento em subsuperfície, utilizando colunas de areia em labor

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19

Wang, Xiaoyang. "The impact of fuel ethanol on motor gasoline market modeling through a system of structural equations /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5698.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 17, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Dimou, Iason. "Particulate matter emissions from a DISI engine under cold-fast-idle conditions for ethanol-gasoline blends." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67777.

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Thesis (Nav. E. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83).<br>In an effort to build internal combustion engines with both reduced brake-specific fuel consumption and better emission control, engineers developed the Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine. DISI engines combine the specific higher output of the spark ignition engine, with the better efficiency of the compression ignition engine at part load. Despite their benefits, DISI engines still suf

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21

Dalla, Nora Macklini. "Experimental and numerical study of a two-stroke poppet valve engine fuelled with gasoline and ethanol." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12366.

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The restrictions imposed by CO2 emission standards in Europe and many countries have promoted the development of more efficient spark ignition engines. The reduced swept volume and number of cylinders of four-stroke engines has significantly improved fuel economy by means of lower pumping and friction losses. This approach, known as engine downsizing, has demonstrated its potential of reducing fuel consumption on its own as well as applied to hybrid vehicles where a low weight engine is desired. However, aggressive engine downsizing is currently constrained by thermal and mechanical stresses a

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22

Mirmohammadsadeghi, Mahmoudreza. "Investigation of diesel-ethanol and diesel-gasoline dual fuel combustion in a single cylinder optical diesel engine." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17436.

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Ever growing population and increased energy consumption across all industries has resulted in higher atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gases (GHG) and therefore an increase in the planet's average temperature, which has led to increasingly demanding and more strict legislations on pollutant sources, and more specifically, the automotive industry. As a consequence of all this, the demand for research into alternative energy sources has greatly increased. In this study combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emission of diesel-ethanol and diesel-gasoline are invest

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De, Silva Prashan Roger. "The impact of biofuel ethanol on lubrication and friction in the piston assembly of a gasoline engine." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590275.

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The objective of the research presented in this thesis was to investigate and quantify the impact of biofuel ethanol and the associated water contamination into a commercially available automotive gasoline engine lubricant on the frictional response of piston ring/cylinder liner contacts and the resulting implications for fuel economy under problematic cold-start/warm-up/short-journey driving conditions. Whilst road transport is a major driver of global economic growth, it is also a primary user of fossil fuel based energy and a major emitter of Carbon Dioxide (C02). Therefore, increasingly st

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Ristea, Catalin. "Modeling the net greenhouse gas balance of projects that displace gasoline with wood ethanol from short rotation tree plantations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46657.

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25

Gouveia, Carlos Brasil. "Determinantes da adulteraÃÃo dos combustÃveis." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9307.

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nÃo hÃ<br>This work contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon of adulteration of fuel, in order to identify possible economic determinants related to this practice. With the objective of a complete description of the problem, there is the need to preliminarily study the oil industry, which was done transpiring succinctly, from the birth of the oil industry to the current stage of it, featuring and highlighting its most important aspects for the economy. Then it approaches the question of asymmetric information present in the fuel retail markets, and finally through the constructi

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Medeiros, Rony CÃsar. "A formaÃÃo de preÃos de combustÃveis no municÃpio de Fortaleza." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11379.

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nÃo hÃ<br>O objeto de estudo desta dissertaÃÃo Ã o comÃrcio de combustÃveis no municÃpio de Fortaleza, com Ãnfase na gasolina C, etanol e Ãleo diesel. O trabalho consiste no estudo do mercado de combustÃveis desde a dÃcada de 70, atÃ os dias atuais, analisando os impactos econÃmicos deste setor na economia do paÃs. Apesar do grande nÃmero de postos de combustÃveis, este nicho econÃmico apresenta significantes diferenÃas de preÃos entre eles, dentro de uma mesma Ãrea geogrÃfica. Para anÃlise empÃrica utilizamos a metodologia dados de painel. A partir dos resultados passamos Ã anÃlise do fator d

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Royo, Pascual Lucía. "Study of Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery in Transportation Vehicles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84013.

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Regulations for ICE-based transportation in the EU seek carbon dioxide emissions lower than 95 g CO2/km by 2020. In order to fulfill these limits, improvements in vehicle fuel consumption have to be achieved. One of the main losses of ICEs happens in the exhaust line. Internal combustion engines transform chemical energy into mechanical energy through combustion; however, only about 15-32% of this energy is effectively used to produce work, while most of the fuel energy is wasted through exhaust gases and coolant. Therefore, these sources can be exploited to improve the overall efficiency of t

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Alexander, Mattsson. "Engine stability : A study of the events occurring prior to thecombustion in a small two-stroke engine." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34225.

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This thesis is a study conducted in collaboration with the engine performance group atHusqvarna AB. The study focuses on engine stability of smaller two stroke handheld enginesrunning on E10 (10% ethanol mixture in gasoline). The reason for the study is the new EUproposition that by 2020 all fuel must have 10 % renewable fuel content. To meet thisproposition Husqvarna has evaluated E10 and found that the engine stability of smaller twostroke engines are affected in a negative way by the fuel.The study focuses on events occurring prior to the combustion and mainly the carburetor. Theobjective f

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Tello, Gamarra Jorge Estuardo. "Transmissão de preços entre os mercados do etanol e da gasolina desde o lançamento dos carros flex-fuel, no mercado brasileiro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17414.

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Quando dois ou mais mercados, anteriormente separados, começam a apresentar certa convergência de preços, diz-se que eles estão integrados. Geralmente, os pesquisadores têm objetivado o estudo da integração entre mercados externos e internos (integração espacial) ou entre os diferentes elos de uma cadeia produtiva (integração vertical), mas de um único produto. Após uma importante mudança na tecnologia, concretizada através do lançamento dos motores flex-fuel no Brasil, a presente pesquisa teve por desafio analisar a existência de integração entre os mercados da gasolina e do etanol, dita como

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Vogt, Camila de Moura. "Competição e dispersão de preços de gasolina e etanol no mercado brasileiro de combustíveis: evidências do município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-16092014-171804/.

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O fenômeno da dispersão de preços é mais comum do que se supõe a partir da microeconomia básica. O presente estudo busca avaliar a importância dos custos de procura na dispersão de preços de gasolina e etanol no município de São Paulo. Para tanto, são utilizados como referenciais teóricos modelos de dispersão e estudos de estruturas de mercado. A parte empírica contempla duas etapas, na primeira é estimado qual o mercado relevante para o varejo de combustíveis e, posteriormente, a descrição da dispersão na área. Os dados dos preços de varejo são coletados semanalmente desde o ano de 2001 e a s

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Pau, Felipe Soto. "Análise experimental dos fenômenos da combustão e da emissão de gases em motores de combustão interna utilizando misturas de etanol e gasolina como combustível." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-27032017-121239/.

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A utilização de combustíveis alternativos em MCI, visa a substituição ou a redução do consumo de combustíveis fósseis. Qualquer estudo do desenvolvimento de métodos e técnicas que melhore o desempenho dos motores usando combustíveis alternativos é de grande importância tecnológica, econômica e social. Com este fim, foi feito este trabalho de pesquisa, o qual consiste em ensaiar um motor usando misturas de 37% e 50% de etanol na gasolina. O etanol utilizado neste trabalho apresentou um grau alcoólico de 92 INPM aproximadamente. Os ensaios foram feitos em taxas de compressão 8:1, 9.5:1 e 11:1. F

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Cardoso, Juciane Lauren Cavalcanti. "Influência da exposição inalatória a combustíveis automotivos na atividade do CYP3A, CPY2C e CYP2D em ratos tratados com fármacos quirais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-10012013-155615/.

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A maioria dos agentes terapêuticos, frequentemente prescritos são formulados e comercializados sob a forma racêmica, embora para alguns deles, já tenha sido demonstrado que os efeitos farmacológicos e ou tóxicos estejam relacionados apenas a um dos enantiômeros. Além disso, é conhecido o fato de que os enantiômeros podem apresentar perfis farmacocinéticos e farmacodinâmicos diferentes. O estudo avaliou a influência da exposição inalatória ao vapor de gasolina e ao etanol combustível na farmacocinética enantiosseletiva dos fármacos verapamil, ibuprofeno e fluoxetina. Ratos machos Wistar foram d

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Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina. "Ajustes nos mercados de álcool e gasolina no processo de desregulamentação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-20112002-090448/.

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A abertura do setor sucroalcooleiro iniciou-se com a extinção do Instituto do Açúcar e do Álcool em 1990, que controlava as suas atividades desde 1933. A liberação dos preços da gasolina C ao consumidor se deu em 1996, generalizando a um processo de liberação no setor como um todo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar e caracterizar o mercado de combustíveis, relacionando os efeitos de mudanças em variáveis associadas à oferta e demanda sobre o comportamento dos agentes num mercado parcialmente liberado, ou seja, entre os anos de 1995 e 2000. Os objetivos específicos foram estimar dois

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Ríos, Quiroga Luis Carlos [UNESP]. "Avaliação da relação entre a energia de ativação e a energia útil para diferentes misturas de etanol e gasolina aplicados a motores de ignição por centelha." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146676.

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Submitted by LUIS CARLOS RIOS QUIROGA null (lcriosq@gmail.com) on 2016-12-12T00:09:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luis Carlos Rios 2016.pdf: 5350341 bytes, checksum: 21d3aaff1b9c7c11beb35ad9586d6956 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-13T12:02:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 quiroga_lcr_dr_guara.pdf: 5350341 bytes, checksum: 21d3aaff1b9c7c11beb35ad9586d6956 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-13T12:02:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 quiroga_lcr_dr_guara.pdf: 5350341 bytes, checksum: 21d3aaff1b9c7c11beb35ad9586d695

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Monsalve, Serrano Javier. "Dual-fuel compression ignition: towards clean, highly efficient combustion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75109.

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The more and more stringent emissions regulations, together with the greater fuel economy demanded by vehicle users, impose a clear objective to researchers and engine manufacturers: look for the maximum efficiency with the minimum pollutant emissions levels. The conventional diesel combustion is a highly efficient process, but also leads to high levels of NOx and soot emissions that require using aftertreatment systems to reduce the final levels released to the environment. Since these systems incur in higher costs of acquisition and operation of the engine, the scientific community is worki

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Cunha, Ludmila da Silva. "Toxicidade aguda sobre Daphnia similis decorrente de contaminação aquática recente e antiga por gasolina, etanol e suas misturas: simulações em escala de bancada." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7673.

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A contaminação de ambientes aquáticos decorrente de acidentes com gasolina, álcool combustível e misturas binárias representa um risco crescente, tendo em vista as projeções do setor para os próximos 50 anos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade aguda da Gasolina C, Gasolina P e álcool combustível isoladamente e em misturas binárias, assim como de suas respectivas Frações Solúveis em Água (FSA) e Frações Dispersas em Água (FDA) sobre Daphnia similis. O estudo ainda incluiu a avaliação da toxicidade aguda remanescente na matriz água de uma contaminação antiga (intemperismo) co

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ALVIM, DEBORA S. "Estudo dos principais precursores de ozônio na região metropolitana de São Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10561.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Tese (Doutoramento)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Okatsu, Hiroko. "New synthetic methods to alter catalytic properties of supported K/MoS₂ catalysts for syngas conversion to higher alcohols." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48996.

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The purpose of this study is to develop catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas (H₂ and CO) to higher alcohols, primarily ethanol and propanol. Crude oil is consumed at a rate of more than 20 million barrels a day in the United States, mainly for producing fuels and chemical feedstocks. However, the total amount of crude oil is limited, and alternative ways of producing alcohols as precursors for chemical feedstocks are desirable. In this study, using a known K/MoS₂/metal oxide catalyst as the starting point, two different approaches were explored to improve catalytic properties: 1) Co promo

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Gunnarsson, Andreas. "Analysis of Alternative Fuels in Automotive Powertrains." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17053.

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<p>The awareness of the effect emissions have on the environment and climate has risen in the last decades. This has caused strict regulations of greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases cause global warming which may have devastating environmental effects. Most of the fuels commercially available today are fossil fuels. There are two major effects of using fuels with fossil origin; the source will eventually drain and the usage results in an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Fuels that are created from a renewable feedstock are often referred to as alternative fuels and under

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Salvini, Roberta Rodrigues. "Investigando a assimetria na transmissão dos preços dos combustíveis no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-03102016-174903/.

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Este trabalho busca apurar a existência de assimetria na transmissão dos preços dos combustíveis no atacado para o varejo no Estado de São Paulo. Desde a introdução dos veículos flex-fuel no mercado brasileiro em 2003, o consumidor pode optar por abastecer com a gasolina comum ou com o etanol hidratado, sendo a sua escolha influenciada pelas variações na relação dos preços desses combustíveis, o que evidencia a importância de um estudo para entender o comportamento desses preços. Para tal, medias mensais dos preços da gasolina comum e do etanol hidratado nos níveis de distribuição e revenda, r

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Laranja, Gil Colona. "Desempenho de um ve?culo flex em bancada dinamom?trica de chassi." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15645.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilCL_DISSERT.pdf: 1771464 bytes, checksum: 92ddc93639f74d5c2bbc96617815f7ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-18<br>Flex-fuel vehicles are equipped with Otto Cycle internal combustion engines and have the capability of functioning with more than one type of fuel, mixed at the same tank and burned in the combustion chamber simultaneously. This sort of motorization is a world pattern due to the scarcity of petroleum, the trade of several types of fuels, technology advances and the restriction imposed to gas emission

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Fajgenbaum, Renata 1985. "Influência da temperatura do combustível nos parâmetros de atomização de um atomizador utilizado em bicos injetores automotivos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265254.

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Orientador: Rogério Gonçalves dos Santos<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T13:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fajgenbaum_Renata_M.pdf: 5459929 bytes, checksum: 05a7fae663d15ca13af6858bbe983761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: A motivação em se estudar os fenômenos que acontecem em cada subsistema de um motor de combustão interna ciclo Otto reside na possibilidade de se prever e otimizar seu funcionamento, em especial com os diferentes combustíveis de nova geração que estão sen

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Souza, Alberto de Nes de. "Estudo das demandas de etanol e gasolina no Brasil no período 2001-2009." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8324.

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Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-06-03T16:56:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 66080100274.pdf: 1517139 bytes, checksum: 14aa5d4963f1c54e4540e594fbf636af (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-06-03T17:03:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 66080100274.pdf: 1517139 bytes, checksum: 14aa5d4963f1c54e4540e594fbf636af (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-06-03T17:07:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 66080100274.pdf: 1517139 bytes, checksum: 14aa5d4963f1c54e4540

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Silva, Marcos Henrique Carvalho. "Modelagem de motores a combustão interna com tecnologia FLEX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-17072018-084552/.

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A modelagem de motores a combustão interna deve grande parte de sua importância ao uso de unidades de controle eletrônicas que buscam gerenciar as funções do motor. De forma a fornecer melhor suporte para o projetista de controle, a modelagem oferece informações que servem de planta, sobre a qual estratégias de controle serão desenvolvidas. Nesta dissertação, procurou-se estudar e modelar cinco fenômenos: a admissão de ar e de combustível, a produção de energia efetiva através da combustão, a evolução térmica do motor e o comportamento dos gases no sistema de exaustão. Investigou-se também, em

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Cardoso, Luiza Maria Nunes. "Avaliação de metodologia de coleta e analíse de solventes/misturas de solventes no ar em ambiente de trabalho: metanol em mistura MEG (Metanol 33% Etanol 60% e Gasolina 7%)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-11082011-105304/.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal propor procedimentos de avaliação de metodologia de coleta e análise de solventes no ar em ambiente de trabalho. Utilizou-se o metanol em mistura MEG (Metanol 33%, Etanol 60% e Gasolina 7%) como exemplo. Na época, a mistura MEG estava sendo indicada para substituir o etanol combustível, devido a sua falta no mercado. Foi montada uma atmosfera controlada dinâmica por injeção, para gerar concentrações conhecidas de vapor metanol em mistura MEG. Essa atmosfera permaneceu estável ao redor de 7,5 horas. O limite de detecção método analítico do CG-DIC, util

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46

Milovanović, Nebojša. "A study of controlled auto ignition (CAI) combustion in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19906.

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Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI) combustion is a new combustion principle in internal combustion engines which has in recent years attracted increased attention. In CAI combustion, which combines features of spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) principles, air/fuel mixture is premixed, as in SI combustion and auto-ignited by piston compression as in CI combustion. Ignition is provided in multiple points, and thus the charge gives a simultaneous energy release. This results in uniform and simultaneous auto-ignition and chemical reaction throughout the whole charge without flame propa

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Freitas, Juliana Gardenalli de. "Impacts of Ethanol in Gasoline on Subsurface Contamination." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4813.

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The increasing use of ethanol as a gasoline additive has raised concerns over the potential impacts ethanol might have on groundwater contamination. In North America, 10% ethanol is commonly being added to gasoline (termed E10). Ethanol is usually denaturated with gasoline compounds before being transported; consequently E95 (95% ethanol) mixtures are also common. Therefore, spills with compositions ranging from E10 to E95 can be anticipated. The compounds of main concern associated with gasoline spills are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), trimethylbenzenes (TMBs) and naphtha

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48

Chung, Pei-yu, and 鍾佩妤. "Investigation for water tolerance in ethanol-gasoline fuels." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j6f736.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>化學工程與材料工程研究所<br>96<br>In this study, the limit of water dissolved in gasoline was studied. The mixture of pentane, hexane, and cyclohexane were considered to represent the gasoline. In order to investigate the behavior of this tolerance, the liquid-liquid equilibria of three ternary systems: ethanol- water-pentane, ethanol-water-hexane, and ethanol-water- cyclohexane, of three quaternary systems: ethanol-water-pentane-hexane, ethanol-water- pentane-cyclohexane, and ethanol-water-hexane- cyclohexane, and of one quinary system: ethanol-water-pentane-hexane- cyclohexane, were stud

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Wu, Chan-Wei, and 吳展維. "Practical Application of the Ethanol-Gasoline Blended Fuels." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28381711850073369277.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>機械工程學系<br>89<br>This study is focused on engine performance and pollution analysis of different ratios of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels (E0, E5, E10, E20, E30) under different air/fuel equivalence ratios and the stoichiometric condition. We also make overall evaluation on ethanol-gasoline blended fuels. In addition, we use a stagnation-point spray burner with a water cooling plate to simulate the formation of combustion chamber deposits (CCD) in spark-ignition engines and the flow field of the stagnation-point spray is measured with phase doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) at th

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"Dissolution of gasoline in presence of water and ethanol." Tese, MAXWELL, 1997. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=2140:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.

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