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Mavundza, Edison Johannes. "Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanol extract and flavonoids isolated from Athrixia phylicoides." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25977.
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The ethanol extract of A. phylicoides was investigated for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH scavenging method. The extract showed good antioxidant results with a EC50 value of 10.64 ± 0.0842 µ/ml. The extract was also tested for antibacterial activity against microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia) commonly known to pose a threat in the wellbeing of man. All tested microorganisms were significantly inhibited by the extract with the MIC values ranging from 3.13 µg/ml to 6.25 µg/ml. Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent method was used to determine total phenolic content of dried and freshly prepared crude extract of A. phylicoides. Higher total phenolic content (28.28 ± 0.019 mg GAC/100g) and antioxidant activity (EC50, 10.64 ± 0.084 µg/ml) was observed in the dried extract compared to the fresh extract with a TPC value of 23.04 ± 0.003 mg GAC/100g and EC50 of 13.97 ± 0.066 µg/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Athrixia phylicoides using silica and sephadex column chromatography led to the isolation of four known flavanoids, 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3’,4’,5’-hexamethoxyflavon-3-ol (1), 3-0- demethyldigicitrin (2), 5,6,7,8,3’,4’-hexamethoxyflavone (3) and Quecertin (4). Due to the low yield, no further tests were done on compound 3. A DPPH-scavenging assay was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds. All the tested compounds showed potent antioxidant activity with EC50 values ranging from 1.27 to 3.41 µg/ml. Compound 4 showed a higher antioxidant activity (EC50, 1.27 µg/ml) than vitamin C (EC50, 2.66 µg/ml) used as a control. The MIC values of the isolated compounds against tested microorganisms varied from 20 to more than 40 µg/ml. All the tested compounds showed no activity against S. aureus, B. pumilus, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa at the highest concentration tested (40 µg/ml). These compounds together with the extract were further analyzed by XTT assay on Vero cells. The extract showed a low toxicity effect on the cells at lower concentrations exhibiting EC50 value of 107.8 ± 0.129 µg/ml. Compound 4 showed minimal toxicity effect on the cells with a EC50 value of 81.38±0.331 µg/ml, compared to Compound 1 and 2 which exhibited EC50 values of 27.91 ± 0.181 µg/ml and 28.92 ± 0.118 µg/ml respectively. The results obtained from this study provide a clear rationale for the medicinal uses of Athrixia phylicoides.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Plant Science<br>unrestricted
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Badin, Flavio [UNESP]. "Biocidas naturais e seus reflexos sobre contaminantes na produção de etanol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94913.
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badin_f_me_jabo.pdf: 588683 bytes, checksum: 95acfa363bf6d9a1c4fd8c48c39fdd26 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>As indústrias sucroenergéticas têm como preocupação o controle de contaminantes da fermentação, responsáveis por afetar a viabilidade da levedura, provocando diversos transtornos no processo, comprometendo a eficiência fermentativa e o rendimento industrial. Dentre as alternativas para o controle das contaminações, destacam-se o uso de antimicrobianos sintéticos. Sua utilização continua pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes, contribuindo para o incremento do custo de produção, além da possibilidade de incorporação de resíduos no produto final. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do biocida convencional (monensina sódica) e biocidas naturais preparados à base de própolis (Extrato Hidroalcoólico de Própolis - EHP e Extrato Oleoso de Própolis- EOP) sobre a fisiologia das leveduras, o controle dos contaminantes do processo fermentativo e composição do destilado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado com parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições. Os Tratamentos Principais foram: Testemunha, EOP, EHP e monensina sódica (Kamoran WP). Os Tratamentos Secundários constituíram-se nos 10 ciclos fermentativos. Avaliaram-se as características químico-tecnológicas do caldo, mosto e vinho, parâmetros microbiológicos das leveduras e composição do destilado obtido. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os biocidas avaliados apresentaram efeito similar, sendo efetivos no controle dos contaminantes da fermentação, não afetando negativamente suas características fisiológicas. Não afetaram a composição a composição do destilado final obtido<br>The control of fermentation contaminants is one of the sugar mills concerns. The fermentation contaminants are responsible to affect the yeast viability, generating several overturns to the process, compromising the fermentative efficiency as well the industrial yield. Among the alternatives to control contamination, the use of synthetic antimicrobials can be highlighted. Its progressed use may favor the development of resistant strains, contributing in production cost improving, besides the possibility of residues incorporation into the final product. This work aimed evaluate the effect of conventional biocides (sodic monensin) and natural ones based on propolis (Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract – EHP and Propolis Oily Extract – EOP) under the yeasts physiology, the fermentative process contaminants control, and the distilled composition. The experimental design used was the split-plot with four replications. The main treatments were: Control, EOH, EHP, and sodic monensin (Kamoran WP). The secondary treatments were the 10 fermentative cycles. The evaluated characteristics were: juice, must, and wine chemical-technical characteristics, yeasts microbiologic parameters, and the distillated obtained composition. The results obtained showed that the evaluated biocides presented similar effect, being effectives to control the fermentation contaminants, not affecting negatively its physiologic characteristics. They did not affect the composition of the distilled obtained
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Mentor, Shireen. "In vitro modulatory effects of fermented rooibos extract (Aspalathus linearis) against ethanol-induced effects on the mouse blood-brain barrier." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4334.
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Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS)<br>Alcohol abuse is a growing crisis within South Africa, with severe health and socio-economic implications. Alcohol compromises the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus its ability to regulate the homeostatic environment of the CNS is interrupted. In this study, an in vitro model of the BBB was utilized to study the effects of selected concentrations of alcohol (25mM-200mM) and the ameliorating effects of fermented rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) (0.003125%-1%), in an attempt to reverse the harmful oxidative effects of alcohol. The literature clearly states that alcohol (ethanol) compromises the BBB by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and, therefore, rooibos, a shrub high in antioxidants and widely utilized nationally, was added to alcohol-exposed mouse brain endothelial (bEnd5) cells with the view to reverse the alcohol-induced effects on the BBB model. Alcohol-treated (25mM-400mM) bEnd5 monolayers expressed no toxicity, however, cell numbers were significantly suppressed (P<0.0274). To validate this finding, the activity of the mitochondria was investigated in order to understand if the cell’s metabolism was related to the decrease in cell division. Results showed that for both acute and chronic exposure there was a decrease in mitochondrial activity (MA) for a period of 24-48 hours, thereafter, the MA of the bEnd5 cells returned to normality. However, in experiments which chronically (600mM and 800mM) exposed cells to alcohol over a period of 96 hours, MA was suppressed and did not return to normal. Fermented rooibos caused a biphasic response to cellular proliferation at 24-72 hours, where the lower concentrations (0.0625-0.125 %) caused an increase in cellular proliferation and the higher concentrations (0.5-1%) resulted in a relative decrease in cellular proliferation. The long-term effect, after acute exposure, however, resulted in cell suppression at 96 hours (P<0.0073). With respect to the MA, bEnd5 cells exposed to fermented rooibos showed that lower concentrations (0.003125-0.0125%) were suppressed at 24 hours and was elevated at 48 hours and96 hours for all concentrations. The exception being the highest concentration (0.1%), which showed a depression in MA (P<0.05). Treating cells with both alcohol and rooibos, resulted in exacerbated suppressing of the MA. The physiological function of the BBB model was investigated by monitoring the permeability using transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies and the in vitro model used in this study was endorsed for the first time using high resolution scanning electron microscopy. TEER indicated incidental changes in the permeability, only at 24 hours, for both acute and chronic exposure to alcohol and rooibos. A novel finding, within this study, was the increase in electrical resistance across the formation of the cell monolayer, after treatment with alcohol. The data lead to the hypothesis for the effect of ROS on resistivity and provides a rationale to explain the effects of combinatory treatments that were expected to ameliorate the negative effect of alcohol, however, this study showed synergistically negative effects on the bEnd5 cells. In summary the main findings in this study were: (a) alcohol was not toxic on bEnd5cells, (b) alcohol increased the permeability across monolayers of bEnd5 cells and(c) rooibos did not significantly reverse the ROS-induced effects of alcohol, but exacerbated the effects. Rooibos treatment caused the following: (i) biphasic effect on cellular proliferation, (ii) an increase in MA, and (iii) a cyclic effect in TEER studies.
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Badin, Flavio. "Biocidas naturais e seus reflexos sobre contaminantes na produção de etanol /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94913.
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Orientador: Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton<br>Banca: Flávia Cecílio Ribeiro Bregagnoli<br>Banca: Francisco Vicente Gaiotto Cleto<br>Resumo: As indústrias sucroenergéticas têm como preocupação o controle de contaminantes da fermentação, responsáveis por afetar a viabilidade da levedura, provocando diversos transtornos no processo, comprometendo a eficiência fermentativa e o rendimento industrial. Dentre as alternativas para o controle das contaminações, destacam-se o uso de antimicrobianos sintéticos. Sua utilização continua pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes, contribuindo para o incremento do custo de produção, além da possibilidade de incorporação de resíduos no produto final. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do biocida convencional (monensina sódica) e biocidas naturais preparados à base de própolis (Extrato Hidroalcoólico de Própolis - EHP e Extrato Oleoso de Própolis- EOP) sobre a fisiologia das leveduras, o controle dos contaminantes do processo fermentativo e composição do destilado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado com parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições. Os Tratamentos Principais foram: Testemunha, EOP, EHP e monensina sódica (Kamoran WP). Os Tratamentos Secundários constituíram-se nos 10 ciclos fermentativos. Avaliaram-se as características químico-tecnológicas do caldo, mosto e vinho, parâmetros microbiológicos das leveduras e composição do destilado obtido. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os biocidas avaliados apresentaram efeito similar, sendo efetivos no controle dos contaminantes da fermentação, não afetando negativamente suas características fisiológicas. Não afetaram a composição a composição do destilado final obtido<br>Abstract: The control of fermentation contaminants is one of the sugar mills concerns. The fermentation contaminants are responsible to affect the yeast viability, generating several overturns to the process, compromising the fermentative efficiency as well the industrial yield. Among the alternatives to control contamination, the use of synthetic antimicrobials can be highlighted. Its progressed use may favor the development of resistant strains, contributing in production cost improving, besides the possibility of residues incorporation into the final product. This work aimed evaluate the effect of conventional biocides (sodic monensin) and natural ones based on propolis (Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extract - EHP and Propolis Oily Extract - EOP) under the yeasts physiology, the fermentative process contaminants control, and the distilled composition. The experimental design used was the split-plot with four replications. The main treatments were: Control, EOH, EHP, and sodic monensin (Kamoran WP). The secondary treatments were the 10 fermentative cycles. The evaluated characteristics were: juice, must, and wine chemical-technical characteristics, yeasts microbiologic parameters, and the distillated obtained composition. The results obtained showed that the evaluated biocides presented similar effect, being effectives to control the fermentation contaminants, not affecting negatively its physiologic characteristics. They did not affect the composition of the distilled obtained<br>Mestre
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SILVA, Adriano Barbosa da. "Ação cicatrizante e atividade antibacteriana a estirpes de Staphylococcus resistentes do extrato etanólico de Psidium guajava." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5129.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-23<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The use of medicinal plants is a human therapeutic resource dated years before the Christian era being the popular knowledge a vehicle for spreading the efficiency of such herbal medicines which will serve technological generations in the development of new low-cost drugs and lower residual impact. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and healing of Psidium guajava on strains of Staphylococcus. Four strains of Staphylococcus sciuri (SsI, SsII, SsIII and SsIV), one of Staphylococcus xylosus (Sx) as well as the control strain Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) were compared to
the P. guajava extract and antibiotics. For infection control tests 20 Wistar mice were used, all males, separated into 4 groups of 5 mice each. The leaves of the plant were crushed to obtain the extract and 10, 50, 120, 210, 330, 400, 480, 530, 650 and 900 μL/ml treatments. Its toxicity was evaluated by DL-50. The resistance profile and antimicrobial activity were evaluated by the disk-diffusion method, the control of infection and healing were recorded after the subcutaneous application of the extract and the positive control (antibiotic). Only the treatments with 650 and 900 uL/mL were considered toxic with LD-50
values over 50%. All strains were sensitive to the extract with inhibition halos over 20 mm. They were considered to be resistant to oxacillin antibiotics and penicillin G strains SsII, Sx and SsIV and the immuno-histochemistry evaluation showed that in the groups of animals that received the extract as a treatment there was re-epithelialisation with denser collagen fibers as compared to other groups. Thus there is a great therapeutic potential of P. guajava as a promising natural resource for the development of more affordable drugs to the population and low residual impact.<br>O uso de plantas medicinais é um recurso terapêutico popular difundido pelas gerações ao longo dos tempos de forma empírica. A crescente necessidade de fármacos mais eficientes e com menores efeitos adversos tem levado ao estudo aprofundado desses fitoquímicos por diversos grupos de pesquisa. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as atividades antimicrobiana e cicatrizante do extrato etanólico de Psidium guajava L. sobre estirpes de Staphylococcus. Foram avaliadas quatro estirpes de Staphylococcus sciuri
(SsI, SsII, SsIII e SsIV) e uma de Staphylococcus xylosus (Sx), além da cepa controle ATCC 25923 de Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) frente ao extrato de P. guajava e antibióticos. Para os teste de controle de infecção foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar todos machos adultos separados em 4 grupos com 5 ratos cada.
As folhas do vegetal foram trituradas para obtenção do extrato etanólico e tratamentos de 10, 50, 120, 210, 330, 400, 480, 530, 650 e 900 μL/mL. Sua toxicidade foi avaliada por DL-50. O perfil de resistência e a atividade antimicrobiana foram avaliados pelo método de disco-difusão, sendo o controle de infecção e cicatrização verificado a partir da aplicação subcutânea do extrato e do controle positivo (antibióticos). Apenas os tratamentos de 650 e 900 μL/mL foram considerados tóxicos com valores de DL-50 maiores que
50%. Todas as estirpes se mostraram sensíveis ao extrato com halos de inibição maiores de 20 mm. Foram consideradas como resistentes aos antibióticos oxacilina e penicilina G as estirpes SsII, Sx e SsIV e a avaliação histoquímico demonstrou que nos grupos dos animais que receberam o extrato como tratamento houve reepitelização com fibras colágenas mais densas em comparação aos demais grupos. Com isso verifica-se um grande potencial terapêutico de P. guajava como promissor recurso natural para o
desenvolvimento de fármacos mais acessíveis às populações e de baixo impacto residual.
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Skudlarek, Jamie R. G. "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF EDIBLE SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE FILMS AND COATINGS INCORPORATED WITH HOP ETHANOL EXTRACT AND THE INFLUENCE ON SHELF-LIFE AND SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF BOLOGNA." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/11.
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There is demand for improved security of refrigerated ready-to-eat meats. Antimicrobial edible films and coatings could function as an added barrier against post-processing contamination. Hops and hop extracts are known for their antimicrobial efficacy which is attributed to key antimicrobial components including humulones, lupulones, xanthohumol and various terpenoids. Yet, hop ethanol extract has not been studied as an antimicrobial to incorporate into edible protein films and/or coatings. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate hop ethanol extract as an antimicrobial agent incorporated into edible soy protein isolate (SPI) films and coatings, and the influence on the shelf-life and sensory attributes of bologna.
Hop ethanol extract was examined for minimum inhibitory concentration before the extract was incorporated into a 6% SPI solution at 0, 10, and 20% levels to determine antimicrobial efficacy as a cast film and simulated coating via zone of inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes strains ATCC 4644, UKADL and ATCC 49594. The results showed that hop ethanol extract alone was inhibitory of all three strains. Moreover, the hop ethanol extract, when incorporated at 10 and 20% (v/v) into edible soy protein isolate (SPI) films and simulated coatings, exhibited antimicrobial action against all three L. monocytogenes strains. Key antimicrobial components, as mentioned above, were identified in the hop ethanol extract via mass spectrometry.
The SPI with 10% incorporated hop ethanol extract (SPI+10%hop) antimicrobial coating was applied to bologna, prepared in lab without L. monocytogenes inhibitors, where it exhibited a significant (P ≤ 0.05) bacteriostatic effect against strain ATCC 4644. The SPI+10% hop coating was then applied to a commercial bologna to examine effects on shelf-life and sensory attributes. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in instrumental red and yellow colors, however not in sensory color. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) found in measured lipid oxidation between the bologna with no coating, SPI coating or SPI+10%hop coating. The incorporation of hop did exhibit a slightly bitter taste. Overall, these findings indicate that the SPI+10%hop antimicrobial coating functioned as an inhibitor of L. monocytogenes while producing minimal effects on shelf-life and sensory attributes of bologna.
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Borges, Josiane Gonçalves. "Desenvolvimento de filmes de desintegração oral para liberação de compostos bioativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-10072013-091914/.
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É crescente o interesse dos consumidores por produtos naturais com apelo funcional. Por isso tem se estudado novos veículos de liberação de compostos bioativos, como por exemplo, os filmes de desintegração oral. A própolis é uma fonte natural rica em compostos ativos, como por exemplo, os compostos fenólicos, que lhe confere atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante. O colágeno hidrolisado pode apresentar diversos benefícios quando ingerido, como aumento da densidade óssea e representa uma boa fonte de peptídeos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar os filmes de desintegração oral à base de gelatina aditivados com colágeno hidrolisado (CH) e extrato etanólico de própolis (EEP). Os filmes foram produzidos pela técnica de casting mantendo constante a massa de gelatina(mG) colágeno hidrolisado(mCH) em 2 g de mG+CH (g/100g de solução filmogênica), e a concentração de sorbitol em 30g (g/100g de mG+CH). Foram avaliadas diferentes concentrações de CH (0, 10, 20 e 30 g/100 g de mG+CH) e de EEP (0, 100 e 200 g /100 g de mG+CH). Os filmes foram caracterizados em relação à cor e opacidade, matéria total solúvel, umidade, propriedades mecânicas (tensão na ruptura e elongação), microscopia eletrônica de varredura, mucoadesividade, ângulo de contato, tempo de desintegração, grau de intumescimento, concentração de compostos fenólicos, liberação in vitro, cinética de liberação, calorimetria diferencial de varredura, espectroscopia de infravermelho com transforma de Fourier (FTIR), atividade antimicrobiana e estabilidade dos compostos fenólicos em função do tempo armazenamento. O aumento da concentração de CH provocou aumento significativo da solubilidade. Nas propriedades mecânicas foi observado aumento da elongação para os filmes com adição de colágeno em relação ao filme controle e redução significativa da tensão na ruptura com o aumento da concentração de CH. Não foi observado variação da microestrutura com a adição de colágeno e os filmes com maior concentração de CH foram mais mucoadesivos. O aumento da concentração de CH provocou redução do tempo de desintegração, apresentando uma liberação mais rápida dos compostos fenólicos. Em relação ao aumento da concentração de EEP foram observados alterações nos parâmetros de cor e opacidade devido a cor característica do extrato. Observou-se redução da solubilidade e aumento na tensão de ruptura com o aumento de EEP. Para filmes aditivados com EEP foi observada uma microestrutura menos compacta e desordenada e aumento da mucoadesividade. O aumento da concentração de EEP provocou aumento do tempo de desintegração, com redução do grau de intumescimento, e uma liberação mais lenta dos compostos fenólicos. O processo de produção dos filmes não provocou degradação dos compostos fenólicos e os filmes aditivados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus. Os filmes de desintegração oral mantiveram a concentração de compostos fenólicos após 84 dias de armazenamento. Desta forma, os filmes de desintegração oral aditivados com extrato etanólico de própolis e colágeno hidrolisado representam uma boa alternativa como veículo de compostos fenólicos na cavidade oral.<br>There is an increase in the interest of consumers for natural products with functional appeal. Therefore, it has been studied new vehicles for release of bioactive compounds, such as orally disintegrating films. Propolis is a rich natural source of active compounds, such as phenolic compounds, responsible for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Hydrolyzed collagen may have several benefits when ingested, such as increased bone density and it is a good source of peptides. This study aimed the development and characterization of orally disintegrating films gelatin-based additives with hydrolyzed collagen (CH) and ethanol extract of propolis (EEP). The films were produced by casting, keeping mass constant of gelatin (mG) and hydrolyzed collagen (mCH) at 2 g of mG+CH/100 g filmogenic solution, and the concentration of sorbitol at 30 g/100 g mG+CH. It was evaluating different concentrations of CH (0, 10, 20 and 30 g/100 g of mG+CH) and EEP (0, 100 and 200 g/100 g of mG+CH). The films were characterized regarding color and opacity, total soluble matter, moisture, mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation), scanning electron microscopy, mucoadhesion, contact angle, disintegration time, swelling degree, concentration of phenolic compounds, in vitro release, release kinetics, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), antimicrobial activity and stability of phenolic compounds were evaluated during the storage time. Increasing in concentration of CH caused a significant increase of solubility. For mechanical properties was observed increased at elongation for films with collagen in relation to control film and significant reduction of tensile strength with increasing of CH. It was not observed difference in microstructure because of CH addition and the films with higher concentrations of CH showed higher mucoadhesive. The increased of CH concentration promoted a reduction in disintegration time, showed a faster release of phenolic compounds. The increased of EEP concentration influenced color parameters and opacity due to color of the extract. It was observed a reduction of the solubility and an increase in tensile strength with the increase of EEP. The addition of EEP promoted a microstructure less compact and more disordered structure and increased mucoadhesion. Increased in EEP concentration increased disintegration time, reduced swelling degree, and caused a slower release of phenolic compounds. The production process did not cause degradation of phenolic compounds and additives films exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The orally disintegrating films remained the concentration of phenolic compounds after 84 days of storage. Thus, the orally disintegrating film additives with ethanol extract of propolis and hydrolyzed collagen represent a good alternative as a vehicle of phenolic compounds in the oral cavity.
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Vieira, Ãngela MagalhÃes. "EFFECTIVENESS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Maytenus rigida Mart. (CELASTRACEAE) IN ETHANOL-INDUCED DAMAGE GASTRIC IN MICE: ANALYSIS OF INVOLVEMENT OF NITRIC OXIDE, PROSTAGLANDINS, OPIOIDS RECEPTORS AND α-2-ADRENERGICS." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9760.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ<br>Maytenus rigida Mart. (Celastraceae) pupularly known as âbom-homemâ, âbom-nomeâ, âCabelo de Negroâ, âCasca-grossaâ, ChapÃu de couroâ or âpau-de-colherâ is a native species in the northeast region of Brazil, used in folk medicine in the tratament of inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders such diarrhea, dysentery and ulcers, kidney problems, hypertension, impotence and rheumatism. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the possible mechanism (s) of action underlying the gastroprotective effect of aqueous extract (AE) of Maytenus rigida in Swiss mice, in the gastric injury model induced by absolute ethanol. Fasted mice received AE (100, 200 or 400 mg/Kg, p.o.) 1h prior to oral administration of absolute ethanol (0,2 mL/animal). Groups treated with saline and ranitidine were used as controls. The stomachs were macroscopically and microscopically examined. Additionally, different pharmacologixal tools (naloxone, morphine, misoprostol, indomethacin, L-NAME, L-arginine, clonidine or yohimbine) were used in different tests, trying to clarify the possible mechanism (s) of action of AE. The macro and microscopic gastroprotective effect of AE was compared to that showed by ranitidine, on ethanol-induced model (p<0.05); the use of pharmacological tools revealed that the protective effect of AE involves the activation of α-2-adrenergic receptors, opioid receptor and nitric oxide, but do not depends on prostaglandins. The EA has a gastroprotective effects, supporting its traditional use. Its effect is multifactorial, involving the participation of α-2-adrenergic receptors, nitric oxide release and activation of opioids receptors.<br>Maytenus rigida Mart., (Celastraceae) popularmente conhecida como âbom-homemâ, âbom-nomeâ, âcabelo de negroâ, âcasca-grossaâ, âchapÃu de couroâ ou âpau-de-colherâ à uma espÃcie nativa do nordeste brasileiro, utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento das doenÃas inflamatÃrias, desordens gastrointestinais como diarreia, disenteria e Ãlceras, problemas renais, hipertensÃo, impotÃncia sexual e reumatismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi evidenciar o(s) possÃvel(is) mecanismo(s) de aÃÃo subjaentes ao efeito gastroprotetor do extrato aquoso (EA) de Maytenus rigida em camundongos suÃÃos, no modelo de lesÃo gÃstrica induzida por etanol absoluto. Camundongos em jejum receberam EA (100, 200 ou 400 mg/Kg, p.o.) 1 h antes da administraÃÃo oral de etanol absoluto (0,2ml/animal). Grupos tratados com salina e ranitidina foram utilizados como controles. Os estÃmagos foram analisados macro e microscopicamente. Adicionalmente, foram utilizadas diferentes ferramentas farmacolÃgicas (naloxona, morfina, misoprostol, indometacina, L-NAME, L-arginina, clonidina ou ioimbina) em diferentes ensaios, para tentar esclarecer o(s) possÃvel(is) mecanismo(s) de aÃÃo do EA. O efeito gastroprotetor macro e microscÃpico do EA foi comparado ao exercido pela ranitidina no modelo etanol-induzido (p < 0,05); a utilizaÃÃo de ferramentas farmacolÃgicas revelou que o efeito protetor do EA envolve a ativaÃÃo de receptores α2-adrenÃrgicos, receptores opioides, Ãxido nÃtrico, mas nÃo depende de prostaglandinas. O EA possui efeito gastroprotetor, corroborando com seu uso tradicional. Seu efeito à multifatorial, envolvendo a participaÃÃo de receptores α2-adrenÃrgicos, liberaÃÃo de Ãxido nÃtrico, e ativaÃÃo de receptores opioides.
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Pereira, Katily Luize Garcia. "Atividade Leishmanicida do Extrato Etanólico Bruto de Croton blanchetianus Bail." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3260.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Leishmaniasis is a complex of parasitic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted to humans and other vertebrate hosts through the bite of an infected phlebotomine insect. Currently, all drugs used in the treatment of this disease have low efficacy, high toxicity and are associated with parasitic resistance. In this sense, scientific research that indicates a new compounds with leishmanicidal activity are quite promising. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the leishmanicidal activity of the crude ethanol extract of C. blanchetianus on L. amazonensis and L. infantum as well as their toxic and immunomodulator effect on murine macrophages. Promastigotes in the logarithmic growth phase were subjected to treatment with different concentrations of the extract for 24 and 72 hours at 26ºC, and the viability was measured by the method of Alamar Blue . A greater inhibition was observed in L. amazonensis with an IC50 of 73.6 μg/ml in 24 hours of incubation and 42.6 μg/ml at 72 hours. In L. infantum extract showed an IC50 of 208.7 μg/ml in 24 hours and 108.9 μg/ml at 72 hours. Regarding the reduction of viability, L. amazonensis showed a death percentage of 68.8% with 100 μg/ml of the extract after 24 hours of treatment and approximately 100% after 72 hours, whereas for L. infantum this level of inhibition was not seen with 250 μg/ml of the extract. For the analysis of antiamastigota activity, infected macrophages were treated with different concentrations of the extract and incubated for 72h at 37° C, and the rate of infection was determined by staining method with hematologic pigment and counts in optical microscopy. It was found a higher dose-dependent inhibition in L. amazonensis with an IC50 of 3.10 μg/ml. In L. infantum there was a lower activity of the extract which present an IC50 of 8.83 μg/ml. At lower concentration tested (3 μg/ml) there was a reduction in the viability of L. amazonensis around 44%, while in L. infantum, this level of inhibition was only observed with 7 μg/ml of extract. The cytotoxicity was performed on murine macrophages incubated with different concentrations of the extract for 72 hours at 37°C and the viability was measured by Alamar Blue method. The LD50 observed was 83.79 μg/ml and the selectivity index calculated was 27 to L. amazonensis and 9.5 for L. Infantum, revealing a higher toxicity of the extract in the parasites than in macrophages.Treatment with the extract not modulated the macrophage for nitric oxide synthesis, as verified by Griess reaction. However, interfered in the morphology of promastigote forms, being observed parasites with a rounded body and/or double scourge. Therefore, the data presented in this study indicate that the ethanol extract of C. blanchetianus presents leishmanicidal activity on promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum, being more effective against the species L. amazonensis, especially on the amastigote form, without causing, however, toxicity to the host cell.<br>A leishmaniose é um complexo de doenças parasitárias causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e transmitidas ao ser humano e outros hospedeiros vertebrados por meio da picada de um inseto flebotomíneo infectado. Atualmente, todos os medicamentos utilizados no tratamento dessa doença apresentam baixa eficácia, alta toxicidade e estão associados à resistência parasitária. Nesse sentido, pesquisas científicas que indiquem novos compostos com atividade leishmanicida são bastante promissoras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a atividade leishmanicida do extrato etanólico bruto de C. blanchetianus sobre L. amazonensis e L. infantum, bem como o seu efeito tóxico e imunomodulador sobre macrófagos murinos. Promastigotas na fase logarítmica de crescimento foram submetidos ao tratamento com diferentes concentrações do extrato por 24 e 72 horas a 26ºC, e a viabilidade foi mensurada por meio do método de Alamar Blue . Uma maior inibição foi vista em L. amazonensis com um IC50 de 73,6 μg/ml em 24 horas de incubação e de 42,6 μg/ml em 72 horas. Em L. infantum o extrato apresentou um IC50 de 208,7 μg/ml em 24 horas e de 108,9 μg/ml em 72 horas. Em relação à redução da viabilidade, L. amazonensis apresentou um percentual de morte de 68,8%, com 100 μg/ml do extrato, em 24 horas de tratamento e aproximadamente 100% em 72 horas, enquanto que em L. infantum este nível de inibição só foi visto com 250 μg/ml do extrato. Para a análise da atividade antiamastigota, macrófagos infectados foram tratados com diferentes concentrações do extrato e incubados por 72h a 37ºC, e o índice de infecção foi determinado por coloração com corante hematológico e contagem em microscopia óptica. Verificou-se uma inibição dose-dependente maior em L. amazonensis com um IC50 de 3,10 μg/ml. Em L. infantum houve uma menor atividade do extrato que apresentou um IC50 de 8,83 μg/ml. Na menor concentração testada (3 μg/ml) houve uma redução na viabilidade de L. amazonensis por volta de 44%, enquanto que em L. infantum, este nível de inibição só foi observado com 7 μg/ml do extrato. A avaliação da citotoxicidade foi realizada em macrófagos murinos, incubados com diferentes concentrações do extrato por 72h a 37ºC e a viabilidade foi mensurada pelo método de Alamar Blue . O LD50 observado foi de 83,79 μg/ml e o Índice de Seletividade calculado foi de 27 para L. amazonensis e 9,5 para L. Infantum, revelando uma maior toxicidade do extrato nos parasitos do que nos macrófagos. O tratamento com o extrato não modulou o macrófago para a síntese de óxido nítrico, como verificado pela Reação de Griess. Contudo, interferiu na morfologia das formas promastigotas, sendo observados parasitos com corpo arredondado e/ou flagelo duplo. Portanto, os dados apresentados nesse estudo indicam que o extrato etanólico de C. blanchetianus apresenta atividade leishmanicida sobre as formas promastigota e amastigota de L. amazonensis e L. infantum, sendo mais efetivo frente à espécie L. amazonensis, principalmente sobre a forma amastigota, sem causar, no entanto, toxicidade à célula hospedeira.
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Oliveira, Claudineide Nascimento Fernandes de 1979. "Estudo de atividade de Phyllanthus amarus L. contra o Schistosoma mansoni linhagem BH." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315968.
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Orientador: Silmara Marques Allegretti<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: A esquistossomose mansonica e uma doenca cronica e debilitante. Estima-se que mais de 200 milhoes de pessoas estejam infectadas no mundo pela doenca, e no Brasil estima-se que existe de 8 a 10 milhoes de pessoas infectadas. O tratamento da esquistossomose e baseado na quimioterapia com o praziquantel, principalmente devido a sua atividade contra todas as especies de Schistosoma patogenicas ao homem. Infelizmente, o uso extensivo e inapropriado desse farmaco pelo mundo, culminou com o aparecimento de esquistossomas tolerantes, gerando uma preocupacao sobre a selecao da resistencia a esse medicamento. Entao, para se controlar a esquistossomose, ha necessidade de se desenvolver novas opções de farmacos, como alternativa ao praziquantel. As plantas medicinais vem sendo aplicadas e testadas como novas alternativas medicamentosas para o tratamento de parasitoses. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade esquistossomicida da planta Phyllanthus amarus L. sobre Schsistosoma mansoni, linhagem BH em camundongos Swiss. Foram testados os extratos hexanico e etanolico nas concentracoes 100, 150 e 250mg/Kg, e a fracao de Lignanas 50 e 100mg/Kg, administrados em dose unica por tubagem esofagica. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o periodo de tratamento (30 ou 45 dias apos a infeccao para avaliar a acao dos extratos nos vermes jovens e adultos, respectivamente). Foram analisados os seguintes parametros: quantidade/ porcentagem de vermes adultos nas veias mesentericas, porta e nas visceras; proporcao entre machos e femeas; reducao no numero de vermes; reducao no numero de ovos eliminados para o ambiente externo e retidos no tecido intestinal; alteracao no oograma; aspecto visual dos granulomas nas visceras; alteracao no tamanho dos granulomas encontrados no figado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o tratamento feito com o extrato etanolico 250mg/Kg no 30° dia de infeccao, foi o que apresentou maior reducao do numero de vermes (63%), e o grupo tratado com o extrato hexanico 100mg/Kg nesse mesmo periodo foi o que apresentou maior quantidade de vermes nas visceras (n=3,1). Ja os tratamentos feitos com o extrato etanolico 100mg/Kg e a fracao de Lignanas 50mg/Kg apos 30 dias de infeccao, conseguiram cessar a postura de ovos, o que fez com que os orgaos desses grupos fossem pouco lesados. Ocorreu ausencia de granulomas nos figados observados histologicamente para o grupo tratado com o extrato etanolico 100mg/Kg. No 45° dia apos a infeccao o grupo tratado com o extrato hexanico 150mg/Kg foi o que apresentou resultado mais significativo, uma vez que ele conseguiu reduzir o numero de ovos imaturos e aumentar o de ovos maduros, indicando que este tratamento alterou a oviposicao do verme. Os resultados obtidos para os extratos hexanico e etanolico e fracao de Lignanas demonstraram potencial atividade nos diferentes parametros avaliados, evidenciando que a planta P. amarus possui efeito contra o S. mansoni linhagem BH.<br>Abstract: The schistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease. It is estimated more than 200 million people worldwide are infected by the disease, and in Brazil is estimated 8 to 10 million people infected. The treatment of schistosomiasis is based on praziquantel chemotherapy, mainly due to its activity against all species of pathogenic Schistosoma to humans. The inappropriate and extensive use of this drug in the world culminated in the appearance of tolerant worms, generating a concern about the selection of resistance this drug. So, to control schistosomiasis, there is need to develop new options for drugs, as an alternative to the praziquantel. Medicinal plants have been implemented and tested as a new alternative drug for the treatment of parasitic. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of antichistosomal activity of the plant Phyllanthus amarus L. using Schistosoma mansoni infected mice of BH strain. The hexane and ethanolic extracts with 100, 150 and 250mg/Kg, concentrations and the Lignans fraction 50 and 100mg/kg, were administered with single oral dose by esophageal intubation. The animals were divided into two groups according to the treatment period (30 or 45 days after infection to evaluate the effect of the extracts in young and adult worms respectively). Analyzes performed consists in a set of parameters: quantity / percentage of adult worms in the veins mesenteric, port and the viscera; proportion of male and female worms, worms reduction; eggs reduction eliminated environment and retained in the intestinal tissue; change in oograma; visual aspect of granulomas in the viscera; change in the size of granulomas found in the liver. According to the results, the treatment with ethanolic extract 250mg/Kg in 30th days of infection, presented the greatest reduction in the number of worms (63%), and the group treated with the hexane extract 100mg/kg in same period presented the highest number of worms in the viscera (n=3.1). The treatments made with ethanolic extract 100mg/kg and the Lignans fraction 50mg/kg after 30 days of infection managed to stop the egg laying. So that the organs of these groups were slightly injured. There was absence of granulomas in the liver observed histological for the group treated with ethanolic extract 100mg/kg. In the 45th
days after infection the group treated with the hexane extract 150mg/Kg presented the most significant result, as to reduced the number of immature eggs, and increased of mature eggs, indicating that this treatment has changed the worm oviposition. The results for the ethanol, hexane extracts and fraction of Lignans demonstrated potential activity in the various parameters measured, suggesting that the plant P. amarus has effect against S.mansoni strain BH.<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Parasitologia
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Makhaba, Masixole. "Phytochemical studies of extracts from Aloe succotrina." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6457.
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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Chemistry)<br>Global climate change and geographical differences are two major parameters known to
have, either, direct or indirect influence on the production of secondary metabolites in plants,
which in-turn may affect the quality and/or quantity of the overall metabolites. The primary
purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the phytochemistry of the whole leaf of Aloe succotrina
Lam. spp. - a South African native plant - through a chromatographic spectroscopic
approach-against available data accumulated for the cultivated population. Preliminary
screening of the crude extracts i.e. HEX, DCM and EtOAc on TLC aluminium plates precoated
with silica gel 60 F254 followed by various chromatographic separation, led to the
isolation of five known compounds: ?-sitosterol (1) and two anthrone-C-glycosides (2 and 5),
including two coumarin derivatives-the aglycone (3) and glycoside derivative (4). Notably,
apart from 5 and 2, the accumulation of 1, 3 and 4 in A. succotrina Lam. spp. is reported for
the first time. Structural elucidation of the individual compounds was achieved by extensive
spectroscopic analysis i.e. MS, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and in some cases
comparison to the literature. A comparative HPLC chromatogram of the crude MeOH extract
of the leaves of A. succotrina Lam. was developed for qualitative (and quantitative)
identification of the active metabolites, which could be realized by VWD with detection at
290 nm.
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Solco, Avery Kent Sia. "Accelerated shelf-life test of alkamides in Echinacea purpurea root aqueous ethanol Soxhlet extracts." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Bensaid, Aicha. "Propriétés anti-oxydants, anti-inflammatoires et antispasmodiques d’Ocimum basilicum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG091.
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Le basilic Ocimum basilicum L est une plante herbacée, aromatique et alimentaire, il est utilisé sous forme fraiche ou bien transformé dans certaines préparations culinaires, ainsi que dans la médecine traditionnelle. Les différentes parties de cette plante présentent des propriétés biologiques très importantes pour la santé humaine grâce à leur richesse en composés bioactifs. L’objectif de ce travail est basé sur la caractérisation différentielles entre les tiges et les feuilles d’Ocimum basilicum sur le profil phytochimique et l’évaluation de leurs propriétés antioxydantes, anti-inflammatoires et antispasmodiques. Les extraits de basilic ont présenté des profils phytochimique différents, et l’évaluation de leurs effets antioxydants par le test DPPH et ORAC ont montré que les extraits éthanoliques ont une activité plus importante en comparaison avec les extraits aqueux. L’étude des effets anti-inflammatoires des extraits éthanoliques de tiges et de feuilles de basilic in vitro dans un modèle cellulaire de macrophages J774 stimulés par le LPS/IFNγ a montré que les deux extraits ont un effet inhibiteur sur la production des médiateurs inflammatoires (oxide nitrique, interlukine-6, prostaglandine E2, monocyte chemoattractante protein-1). Par contre ces extraits ont augmenté la production de la cytokine pro-inflammatoire TNFα (Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha). Par la suite les extraits aqueux ont montré un effet relaxant sur le muscle lisse intestinal de rat. Les résultats de cette étude ont indiqué que les deux parties de basilic feuilles et tiges ont des effets biologiques intéressants qui peuvent être valorisés sur le plan nutrition- santé<br>Basil Ocimum basilicum L is an herbaceous, aromatic, and food crop, which is used fresh or processed in some culinary preparations, thus in traditional medicine. The different parts of this plant present very important biological properties for human health due to their richness in bioactive compounds. The objective of this work is based on the differential characterization of the phytochemical profile of the stems and leaves of Ocimum basilicum and the evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties. The basil extracts showed different phytochemical profiles, and the evaluation of these antioxidant effects by DPPH and ORAC assay showed that the ethanolic extracts had a higher activity compared to the aqueous extracts. The study of the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extracts of basil stems and leaves in vitro in a macrophage J774 cell model stimulated by LPS/IFNγ showed that both extracts had an inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, interlukin-6, prostaglandin E2, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), but increased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα (Tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Subsequently, the aqueous extracts showed a relaxing effect on rat intestinal smooth muscle. The results of this study indicated that both parts of basil leaves and stems have interesting biological effects that can be valorized in terms of nutrition and health
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Nakagawa, Eduardo Seiki. "Aplicação de extrato de própolis na nutrição e crescimento vegetativo de feijoeiro." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/623.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-14<br>Existem poucas informações sobre os efeitos da aplicação de extrato etanólico de própolis (EEP) na cultura do feijoeiro comum. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da aplicação, via foliar, de extrato etanólico de própolis (EEP) sobre o crescimento vegetativo, perda de água e produtividade do feijoeiro cv. Valente. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Dona Isabina, no período de fevereiro a maio de 2012. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, utilizando a cultivar Valente. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco concentrações de EEP (0; 212; 424; 636; 848 g ha-1), sendo o extrato confeccionado com 10% de própolis bruta (própolis originário do litoral paranaense) e 90% de álcool a 96 ºGL. Apenas para as variáveis, teores de clorofila e diâmetro de caule, utilizou-se esquema em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. A aplicação do EEP na concentração de 848g manteve o maior teor de água nas folhas, ficando 16,22% acima da testemunha, que foi de 62,36%, atribuindo-se este efeito ao acúmulo de cera presente na própolis sobre a superfície das folhas. O EEP também aumentou significativamente os teores de Mg e de clorofila nas folhas, e o crescimento vegetativo das plantas, que serviu para aumentar , a produtividade do feijoeiro cv.Valente em 8,08 sacas.ha-1ou 485 kg ha-1.<br>There is little information about the effects of the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) was studied in common bean. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foliar application of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on vegetative growth. The water loss and productivity cv. Valente bean. The experiment was conduct at Dona Isabina, farm, from February to May 2012. The experimental design was used on randomized block, five repetition, using cultivate Valente the treatments were as five concentrations of EEP (0; 212; 424; 636; and 848 g ha-1),and the extract made with 10% crude propolis (propolis originating from the coast of Paraná) and 90% alcohol 96ºGL . only for variables, chlorophyll content and stem diameter we used layout in split plot. The application of EEP at the concentration of 1,2% of EEP maintained higher 16,22% above control which was 62,36%, attributing this effect to the accumulation of was present in propolis on leaf surface. The EEP also increased the levels of Mg and chlorophyll in the leaves, increasing the content of chlorophyll in leaves and vegetative growth, which served the increase as energetic increase, increasing the productivity on the Cv.Valente bean bag at 8,08 sc ha-1or 485 kg ha-1.
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Cheng, Yung Ze, and 鄭詠澤. "Inotropic action of Rhodiola-ethanol extract in diabetic rats." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55312076150017881170.
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碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>生物科技系<br>98<br>Heart failure is generally observed in aged subjects and/or other disorders. Digitalis and many agents are applied to handle this disease in clinic. However, side effects of agents are widely concerned. In an attempt to develop new agent for this disorder, we investigated the ethanol extract of Rhodiola in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats) showing heart failure.
In the present study, different to water extract, oral intake of Rodiola ethanol extract (EtF) reversed the lowered cardiac output of anesthetized STZ-diabetic rats in a marked way. However, blood sugar was not modified by EtF. Then, we determined the gene expressions using Western blotting analysis. The gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ (PPAR-delta) in heart was changed by EtF in same manner as that in cardiac output. Also, signals related to the activation of PPAR-delta were raised in same fashion. The cardiac output increasing action of EtF was abolished by GSK0660 at the dose sufficient to block PPAR-delta receptors. Medication of PPAR-delta can thus be considered.
In conclusion, the present study found that ethanol extract of Rhodiola has the ability to increase cardiac output in diabetic rats showing heart failure. Increase of PPAR-delta is responsible for this action of Rhodiola ethanol extract.
Key words: Rhodiola, PPAR-delta
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Wang, Li-Su, and 王麗淑. "Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Ethanol Extract of Hsiang Ju." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64110741136698890849.
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碩士<br>嘉南藥理科技大學<br>生物科技系暨研究所<br>91<br>Glossogyne tenuifolia (Hsiang-Ju) is a traditional anti-pyretic herb in
Chinese medicine; however, no information is available to describe its action.
The objective of this research is to elucidate the molecular pharmacological
activity and the effective components in the ethanol extract of Glossogyne
tenuifolia (GT). We found that GT had potent anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-
activated murine macrophages, RAW264.7. We found that GT (0.05-0.25mg/ml)
produced a significant and concentration-dependent decreases in NO production
in a endotoxin-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage. Western blot analysis and RT-
PCR assay revealed that GT inhibited the inducible nitric oxide synthase (
iNOS) expression in dose-dependent manners. The mRNA stability analysis
further suggested that the inhibition of iNOS expression likely by acting at
transcriptional rather than post-transcriptional level. Therefore, GT down-
regulates LPS-induced iNOS expression primarily by blocking its transcription.
In combination with pyrrolidine dithiocarbonate (PDTC), which is an inhibitor
for nuclear factor-?羠 activation, or aminoguanidine, which is a competitive
NOS inhibitor, GT exerted dose-dependent super-inhibition effect on NO
production.
Moreover, GT exhibited dose-dependent inhibition on the LPS-stimulated release
of arachidonic metabolite and proinflammatory cytokines, such as prostaglandin
E2 (PGE2), TNF-?? IL-1?? IL-6, and IL-12. GT also blocked the phosphorylation
and disappearance of I?羠 from cytosolic fraction. In addition, GT reduced LPS-
induced luciferase activity in macrophages transfected with a vector coding
for the luciferase reporter gene under the control of NF-?羠 cis-acting
elements. These results suggested that GT attenuated proinflammatory mediator
synthesis on activated macrophages through NF-?羠 dependent pathway.
The active components of GT are identified as oleanolic acid and luteolin-7-
glucoside. Both of these compounds exhibited dose-dependent inhibition on
nitric oxide (NO), TNF-?? IL-6 and IL-12 release and NF-?羠 activation.
Cooperative inhibition effect on NO production could not be found, when
activated RAW264.7 cells were treated with these compounds in combination with
PDTC or aminoguanidine.
In conclusion, GT and its active ingradients elicit anti-inflammatory effects
by down-regulating iNOS transcription and proinflammatory cytokine release
through inhibition of NF-KappaB activation.
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Liang, Siang-Rou, and 梁湘柔. "Study on Antioxidant Activity of Vernonia amygdalina Ethanol Extract." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qst978.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>生命科學院碩士在職專班<br>106<br>Oxygen is essential for everyone''s survival. Under normal physiological metabolism, cells use oxygen to generate energy. When the bacteria invades, the defense system in the body will create superoxide anion free radicals to help remove damaged cells or pathogens. However, due to the stress in life, diet preference, and excessively harmful substances such as radiation and air pollution, people cause excessive oxidation. Too many free radicals will trigger a series of chain effects, so that normal cells are also oxidized to form free radicals. This continuous vicious cycle will affect the function of the body’s organs leading to disease. Therefore, it is the hope that natural and safe antioxidants can be sought to reduce the oxidative stress and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Vernonia amygdalina is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is commonly consumed in Taiwan. It contains flavonoid compounds and sesquiterpene lactones that have antioxidant effects. The antioxidant capacity of Vernonia amygdalina extract is evaluated by the scavenging assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）, 2,2''-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid（ABTS） and superoxide anion radicals in vitro and by the scavenging assay of reactive oxygen species in cell H1688.
The results showed that the scavenging efficiency of DPPH and ABTS were 85.3% and 93.8% when the concentration of Vernonia amygdalina extract was 500 μg/mL, respectively. Vernonia amygdalina extract concentration with 50% free radical scavenging concentration（SC50） was 112.4 μg/mL and 214.3 μg/mL, respectively. As the dose increased, the clearance rate also increased. However, the scavenging ability of superoxide anion radicals was poor. When the concentration of Vernonia amygdalina extract was 500 μg/mL, the scavenging efficiency was 49.6%. SC50 was more than 500 μg/mL. The result showed that when the concentration of Vernonia amygdalina extract was 500 μg/mL for 24 hours, the ability to remove intracellular reactive oxygen species was significantly different. When dose in Vernonia amygdalina extract is higher and time is longer, the ability to remove the intracellular reactive oxygen species is more effective, that is, the antioxidant effect is better. Subsequent studies wish to explore the bioavailability and optimal doses of Vernonia amygdalina hoping it to be a safe antioxidant to use on living organisms.
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Yang, Cheng-Hung, and 楊鎮鴻. "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Forsythia suspensa ethanol extract." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fp5jm6.
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Wang, Wen-Hong, and 王文弘. "Growth inhibition of Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract on acute leukemia cells." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n54233.
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Tsai, Yi-Ting, and 蔡伊婷. "Growth inhibition of Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract on endometrial cancer cells." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/873c28.
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碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>生物科技學系碩士班<br>102<br>Ganoderma, also known as Lingzhi, is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for medicinal purposes in Asian countries for centuries. It has a wide variety of biological properties including immunomodulatory, antioxidation and anticancer activities. Ganoderma tsugae (GT), one of the most common species of Ganoderma cultivated in Taiwan, has been reported that GT extract (GTE) has growth-inhibitory effects on a variety of human cancer cells, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. However, the anticancer effect of GT on endometrial cancer (EC) is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the anticancer effects of GTE and related molecular mechanisms in endometrial cancer cells. The results of MTT assay and trypan blue assay indicate that GTE inhibits the proliferation of EC cell lines HEC-1-A, KLE, and AN3 CA.Our data also indicate that GTE induces cell cycle arrest by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators such as cyclins and p27. We further study how GTE induces EC cell lines apoptosis and related pathway. In the final, this study suggests that GTE may be a useful adjuvant therapeutic agent in the treatment of EC.
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Lin, Tzu-Yang, and 林子揚. "Effect of Ethanol Extract of Cocoa Shell on B16-F10 Melanocyte." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/apwjhy.
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碩士<br>美和科技大學<br>生技科技系健康產業碩士班<br>106<br>Abstract
Theobroma cacao is one of the most economical crops and it is the main raw material for making chocolate and its by-products. In the past, cocoa was shown to have good pharmacological activity, including: treatment of anemia, mental fatigue, tuberculosis, gout, kidney stones, and resistance Cancer and the role of scavenging free radicals. However, the current study has not confirmed that the cocoa shell ethanol extract has the ability to tanning the skin. In this study, the Cocoa shell ethanol extract was tested with B16-F10 melanocytes and the melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and protein changes in the melanin synthesis pathway were observed. The results showed that the increase in the concentration of the ethanol extract of the cocoa shell resulted in increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity in B16-F10 melanocytes, and the use of immunostaining assays to investigate the pathway of melanin synthesis in the signal transduction pathway. As a result, it was found that the cocoa extract of the cocoa shell can activate melanogenesis-related proteins Tyrosinae, Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), Tyrosinase, etc -related protein-1 (TRP-1), Dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and other protein expressions. From the above results, it was deduced that the cocoa shell ethanol extract has increased melanin synthesis on the skin, and has considerable potential for the development of tanning products.
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Lin, Pei-Wen, and 林姵妏. "Methanol Partition Fraction of Ethanol Extract of Discorea nipponica Makino Inhibits Melanogenesis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36363700657335195775.
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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>生物科技學系碩士班<br>102<br>Melanogenesis inhibition by the methanol layer of Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract (DNM) was investigated both in vitro in cultivated murine B16 melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. In B16 cells, results showed that DNM dose-dependently inhibited melanogenesis under nontoxic concentrations. Despite the potent inhibition of melanogenesis, results from evaluating intracellular tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase zomographic staining showed that DNM did not reduce intracellular tyrosinase activity and the active protein amount of intracellular tyrosinase in B16 cells.However, DNM showed strong antioxidant activities against cell-free DPPH and ABTS+ free radical and intracellular Reactive oxygen species (ROS).
These results reveal that DNM inhibits melanogenesis of B16 cells through antioxidant activity but not through inhibiting tyrosinase activity. The melanogenesis inhibitory activity of DNM was also evaluated in vivo in zebrafish and mice. In zebrafish, melanogenesis of larvae skin was significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by DNM treatment. In mice, application of a 2 % gel preparation of DNM applied to mouse skin slightly increased the degree of skin whitening after 2 weeks of treatment. Based on our findings reported here, DNM is a good candidate for use as a skin-whitening agent for treating skin hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Chan, Chih-Yu, and 詹智宇. "Angelica sinensis ethanol extract inhibit Lewis lung cancer cell metastasis and proliferation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5cnm22.
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Huang, Chih-Chen, and 黃之丞. "The moderation of radiotherapy side effects by ethanol extract of red mold dioscorea." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11584714513069155364.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>微生物與生化學研究所<br>98<br>Radiotherapy is frequently used as part of cancer treatment to achieve tumor control. Apart from inducing anti-proliferative and cell-killing effects in tumor tissue, radiotherapy also provokes normal tissue damage such as inflammation and fibrosis. Therefore, how to alleviating the side effects of radiotherapy is a crucial problem. The Monascus species is a Chinese traditional fermentation fungus used on food for over thousands of years in China. The secondary metabolites of Monascus in the contemporary research were confirmed the suppression cholesterol production, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and suppression tumor metastasis. Accordingly, Monascus metabolites can apply to radiotherapy to alleviate the side effects. In this study, we investigated whether ethanol extract of red mold dioscorea (RMDE) attenuates radiation-induced normal tissue damage in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that oral administration of RMDE can increase animal body weight and food intake but suppress tumor regression. Besides, radiation-induced splenomegaly was significantly alleviated by RMDE. The pro-inflammatory (i.e. tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; interleukin-1β, IL-1β; interleukin-6, IL-6), pro-fibrotic (i.e. transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1) and angiogenesis (i.e. vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) maker in serum of RMDE treatment group was significantly lower than control group. Furthermore, the results of histopathological slices of lung, liver and kidney in each group did not show any significant difference from histopathological finding. In vitro assays, the cytotoxic assay showed that RMDE have more cytotoxic to B16-F0 cells than skin primary cells. Ankaflavin, monascin and citrinin are non-effect in skin primary cells. Monascin can inhibit B16-F0 proliferation. According to the radiation-induced cell damage model, RMDE and ankaflavin treatment can inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 mRNA expression and monascin can inhibit IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 mRNA expression but not TNF-α. These features of RMDE have made it an attractive candidate to moderate the side effects in clinical radiotherapy.
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Zeng, Yu-Ru, and 曾郁茹. "Active components identification and glycemic regulation of ethanol extract from Euphorbia humifusa Compound." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26g389.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>食品科學系所<br>105<br>Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disorder and it accounts for around 90% of all diabetes worldwide. The disease prominent clinical feature is hyperglycemia and it also showed a secretion or function reduction of insulin leading unable to regulate blood sugar. The hypoglycemic agents used in the treatment of diabetes resulted in a number of adverse effects. Undoubtedly, it's necessary to find effective and safe medicinal plants to treat patients. The objective of current study is to investigate the active components and glycemic regulation by Euphorbia humifusa compound which is compound of four herbals Euphorbia humifusa (EH), Euonymus alatus (EA), Kalopanax septemlobus (KS) and Nidus Vespae (NV). Firstly, isolation, purification and verification of active ingredients in those four herbals were conducted, followed by STZ-induced diabetic rats fed with Euphorbiahumifusa compound (a complex), and to illustrate the complex effect on glycemic regulation. The results indicated that the selected Chinese herbals exhibiting antioxidant ability. Euphorbia humifusa (EH) presented the best DPPH free radical (95%) and total antioxidant activity (80%). And EH compound illustrated more phenol and flavonoids contents (50 and 3.4 mg/g) than those other selected herbals. The major active ingredients of selected Chinese herbals analysed by LC/MS/MS were quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, ferulic acid, gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. In glycemic regulation test, Euphorbia humifusa compound (50 ppm) exhibits 98% inhibition on α-glucosidase activity. At animal study, Euphorbia humifusa compound suggested uneffectively improve the weight loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The fasting blood glucose test, Euphorbia humifusa compound treatment group demonstrated 33.4% decrease on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Better tolerance of glucose data were observed at low, medium or high dose of sample introduced by oral administration to STZ-induced diabatic rat when compared with that of negative control group (without any treatment). The result confirms Euphorbia humifusa compound extracts exhibits effectively glycemic regulation activity. Conclusively, the innovative product development of EH compound can improve or reduce the occurrence of complications to diabetic patients.
Key words: Euphorbia humifusa compound, type 2 diabetes, glycemic regulation
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Li, Chun-Hung, and 李俊宏. "Study of Ethanol Extract of Antrodia cinnamomea Fruiting Body on Melanin Synthesis Mechanism." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d4p5ub.
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碩士<br>美和科技大學<br>生技科技系健康產業碩士班<br>105<br>Antrodia cinnamomea is a unique mushroom species in Taiwan, many studies indicated that it shows an excellent pharmacological activity, including anticancer, antiviral ability, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, reduce free radicals and delay aging. However, current researches have not yet confirmed that the ethanol extract of Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting body has a whitening ability to the skin, and whether it has the potential to be a whitening ingredient in cosmetics.
In this study, the ethanol extract of Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting body was reacted with melanin B16F10, and the changes in melanin content, tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis pathway-related proteins were observed. According to the results, the content of melanin and tyrosinase activity in melanin cells decreased with the increment of concentration.
The signaling pathways of melanin synthesis protein were also detected by immunoassay. The results show that ethanol extract of Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting body activates the pathway of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) / mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and thereby inhibits the expression of the protein related to the formation of melanin , such as tyrosinase, dopachrometautomerase(DCT), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP1) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), In addition, the expression of melanin synthesis -related proteins were also inhibited through Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathways.
In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting body might be a potential component in the development of skin care products and the skin whitening series.
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陳奕帆. "Study the anti-inflammatory activity and action mechanism of ethanol extract from Melissa officinalis." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z9fdtd.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>生命科學系碩士班<br>104<br>Inflammation is the first immune response when an organism encounters antigens. Recent studies showed that multiple chronic diseases are related with excessive or prolonged inflammation. Therefore, developing highly efficacy new anti-inflammatory drugs with low toxic is crucial work in new drug discovery. Macrophage plays the main role in inflammation. Previously, result of drug screening have showed that an ethanol extract from Melissa officinalis, showed high NO inhibitory rate with less cytotoxicity on activated RAW264.7 cells. M. officinalis is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Lamiaceae, with citral as the most active element. Studies from animals and human clinical trials have reported that no genotoxic effect was observed in mice or healthy individuals orally treated with ethanol extract of M. officinalis. Phytochemical investigations revealed that crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from M. officinalis displayed numerous pharmacological effects including anxiolytic, antiviral, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying M. officinalis’s anti-inflammatory activity remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ethanol extract from M. officinalis on inflammatory mediator production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. Results showed that, (1) Melissa officinalis ethanol extracts (E1) have higher inhibition of NO production and lower inhibition of cell proliferation effect than water extracts (W1 and H1) and total extracts (T1). (2) Through alamar blue cytotoxicity assay, the safe dosage of E1 is 30 2.44 µg/ml (3) E1 inhibited TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 inflammation-related genes and proteins expression in dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 of E1 is 17.42 2.61 µg/ml; (4) E1 also reduced MIF and MMP-9 gene expression; (5) E1 can inhibit the mRNA expressions of MCP-1, MIP-1, MIP-2, RANTES and IP-10, as well as, E1 inhibits the protein production of MCP-1 and IP-10; (6) E1 inhibited NO production (IC50 = 18.4 0.7 µg/ml), and reduced iNOS gene and protein expression; (7) E1 inhibits the PGE2 production, through inhibited lipid mediator-related enzymes COX-2 and cPLA2 gene expression and inhibited COX-2 protein expression; (8) The similar results were observed by using primary peritoneal macrophages. The molecule mechanism(s) of molecular have shown that (1) E1 didn’t affect surface marker expression of CD11b, CD14, CD40, CD80 and TLR2, but E1 enhances the expressive levels of TLR4, CD86 and MHC class II; (2) E1 inhibited IB phosphorylation and blocked NF-B nuclear translocation.; (3) E1 inhibited JNK phosphorylation, but no effects on phosphorylation of p38 and ERK. Taken together, ethanol extract of M. officinalis (E1) may offer substantial therapeutic potential for treatment of inflammatory-related diseases that are accompanied by macrophage activation.
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CHIH, PAN JO, and 潘若芝. "Study of cultural methods on polysaccharide and ethanol extract product of Antrodia cinnamomea (CCRC36716)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09757108939177117004.
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碩士<br>大葉大學<br>生物產業科技學系碩士班<br>92<br>The fruiting body of Antrodia cinnamomea is well known in Taiwan by name niu-chang-chih or jang-jy. This fungus is know only in Taiwan and is restricted to cinnamomum kanehirai Hay. The basidiomes have been used for the treatment of food and drug intoxication, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypertension,skin itching and cancer.
The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of different cultivation conditions on the production of biomass, extracellular polysaccharide and triterpene in submerged culture. In this study 3%C.S.P as the nitrogen source the best cell concentration was found at 12.52g/L and 1% C.S.P as the nitrogen source the best triterpene production was found at 17mg/g-DW. Among the carbon sources 2% glucose had resulted in the highest intracellular polysaccharide concentration (49mg/g) after 10 day’s cultivation. Addition of camphor oil or wood chips of Cinnamomum kanehirae could enhance the production of triterpenes. The addition of sunflower seed oil the exopolysaccharide concentration increases to 873mg/L after 10 day’s cultivation. Increase the concentration of oxygen to 30% in a 5-L jar fermentation, the triterpene concentration was also found increase to 18mg/g-DW.
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Chen, Yi-Hsuan, and 陳伊萱. "Apoptosis Induced by Ethanol Extract of Lactuca indica L. in HL-60 Cell Lines." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87788957679908957383.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>食品科學系<br>92<br>Lactuca indica L. belongs to the family Compositae, used as a folk medicine in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and other medications in Taiwan, China, Korea and Southeast Asia. The cancer occurrence is the leading cause of death for people in Taiwan; however, the research concerning the suppression tumor cells has not yet been investigated on this plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptosis inducing activity of ethanol, hot water, and cold water extracts of Lactuca indica L. on human leukemic HL-60 cell lines. Results showed that ethanol extracts of Lactuca indica L. exhibited a significantly apoptosis inducing activity in human leukemic HL-60 cells. The IC50 values for ethanol, hot water, and cold water extracts on apoptosis inducing activities was 0.31, 0.68, and ＞1 mg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) using the annexin V/PI method on ethanol extract of Lactuca indica L. treated HL-60 cells showed a concentration-dependent increase of apoptosis. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from HL-60 cells treated with ethanol extract of Lactuca indica L. showed "ladder" pattern. Furthermore, ethanol extract of Lactuca indica L. can induce apoptosis in human leukemic HL-60 cells in a concentration- and time-dependant manner as determined by TUNEL positive and SubG1 population analyses. Therefore, the proliferation suppresses effect of ethanol extract of Lactuca indica L. on HL-60 cells may via a cell apoptosis mechanism. The ethanol extract of Lactuca indica L. contained quercetin, caffeic acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid of phenolic compound, and triterpenoid (330.4 mg/g ethanol extract of Lactuca indica L.). Cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) collapses assay were performed on HL-60 cell line in comparison to four known compounds in Lactuca indica, quercetin, caffeic acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid. Cell viability showed that quercetin (IC50=50 μM) was the most growth inhibitory compound of Lactuca indica in the present study. Thus, quercetin might be the active compound in Lactuca indica L.
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Chiu, Ming-Hsiung, and 邱敏雄. "Inhibitory effect of the 50% ethanol extract of Solanum lyratum Thunb. on tyrosinase activity." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18002609607861083089.
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碩士<br>亞洲大學<br>生物科技學系碩士班<br>97<br>This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition properties of 50% ethanol extract from Solanum lyratum Thunb. (SLEE) toward the activity of tyrosinase. When using L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) as the substrate for mushroom tyrosinase, SLEE showed inhibitory effect on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. SLEE decreased the value of Vmax and increased Km, and it behaved as a mixed-type inhibitor toward mushroom tyrosinase. Human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cell line was also used to evaluate the influence of SLEE on tyrosinase activity in the cell. It was found that SLEE reduced the tyrosinase activity in the A375.S2 cells at medium and high enzyme substrate levels (L-dopa, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively), but not at low enzyme substrate level (0.1 mg/ml). It was concluded that SLEE might be a potential inhibitor of tyrosinase.
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Singh, Shamini. "A comparative in vitro study of the antimicrobial effectiveness of baptisia tinctoria extract in 62% ethanol and baptisia tinctoria extract in distilled water." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/329.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Homoeopathy)-Dept. of Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004 xviii, 97 leaves ; 30 cm<br>The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of Baptisia tinctoria extract (1:10) in 62% ethanol and Baptisia tinctoria extract (1:10) in distilled water on the in vitro growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis respectively as compared to ethanol and distilled water control.
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Lin, Chiao-Yin, and 林喬茵. "Antiproliferative Effect of Ethanol Extract From Beer Brewer’s Yeast Biomass in Lung Cancer Cell Lines." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02702654228149952934.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>食品科學系碩士班<br>101<br>Brewer’s yeast biomass (BYB), a byproduct produced during brewing process, is often used as a feed material, fertilizer and also for several other applications. However, several literature reports have shown that the presence of some functional compounds, including prenylflavonoids and hop bitter acids in BYB, is responsible for various biological activities such as anticancer and anti-inflammation. The objective of this study is to analyze the functional ingredients of BYB, determine the variety and content of prenylflavonoids and hop bitter acids in BYB, and to discuss the cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and related protein production of non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549, H460) by BYB. Results showed that freeze-dried BYB consisted of 3.3% moisture, 47.0% crude protein, 0.7% crude fat, 4.6% ash and 44.3% carbohydrate. A total of 4 prenylflavonoids and 6 hop bitter acids were identified in BYB based on comparison of their retention time, absorption spectrum and mass spectrum with that of commercial standards. Humulone was shown to be present in largest amount followed by cohumulone, isoxanthohumol, colupulone, adhumulone, lupulone, xanthohumol, adlupulone, 6-prenylnaringenin and 8-prenylnarinenin. With cell proliferation test, upon treatment with BYB after 24, 48 and 72 h, both of A549 and H460 viability decreased by increasing the concentration of BYB, the IC50 for A549 was determined to be 5.2, 3.4, and 2.9 μg/mL, and the IC50 for H460 was detected to be 16.1, 9.9 and 4.4 μg/mL. BYB inhibited the growth of A549 and H460 cells by arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and inducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. The possible mechanism was responded to the regulation of MAPK pathway related protein including ERK1/2, JNK and p38, and the cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 related to cell cycle programming.
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He, Jia-Ling, and 何佳玲. "Reproductive Protection of Solid-state Cultured Antrodia cinnamomea Ethanol Extract Nanoparticles on Diabetic Male Rats." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m9bvks.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>107<br>Metabolic syndrome refers to a group of interrelated metabolic abnormalities and diseases such as obesity, abnormal blood sugar, and high blood pressure. Although there are many drug developments for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, since the drug has many side effects, the concept of initial prevention is now adopted. It is a global trend to develop natural materials in nature, to reduce the side effects of drug use and to improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome include diabetes mellitus (DM). Insufficient insulin secretion or insulin resistance (IR) is associated with diabetic condition. In men, diabetes causes important sexual dysfunction, for example, loss of libido and impotence, erectile dysfunction (ED) can be as high as 90% in men with diabetes. Antrodia cinnamomea (A.cinnamomea) is a mushroom, contains a large number of complex natural ingredients. This experiment important active ingredient of the A.cinnamomea was ubiquinone. This study was aimed to investigate the amelioration of the reproductive dysfunction in diabetic male rat by treating with nanoencapsulated A. cinnamomea. In this study, chitosan-silicate nanoparticle (CS) was used as the carrier for the delivery of A.cinnamomea. The results showed that the chitosan-silicate nanoparticle of solid-state cultured of A. cinnamomea (Nano-SAC) size was 37.68 ± 5.91 nm, zeta potential was 4.13 ± 0.49 mV, the level of PDI was 0.26 ± 0.02, encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 79.29 ± 0.77%, and loading capacity (LC) was 32.45 ± 0.02%. The in vivo experiments were performed with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Gave different dose with Nano-SAC (4 , 8, 20 mg/kg), and SAC (20 mg/kg) to diabetic rats for five weeks. The results showed that Nano-SAC can improve diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction by regulating glucose, insulin, oxidative enzyme, increasing the level of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sperm count and mobility. In testicular histopathology, the testes of A. cinnamomea supplemented diabetic rats showed normal morphology. These results suggest that nanoparticle of Antrodia cinnamomea supplementation can be used as an effective strategy to improve diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction.
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Hsu, Yu-An, and 許妤安. "Evaluation of Ganoderma formosanum Mycelium Ethanol Extract against PM2.5-Induced ROS Generation and Cell Damage." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8bn7p6.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生物科技研究所<br>107<br>Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a type of suspended air pollutant with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 um, which makes it possible to pass through the respiratory tract and travels deep into alveolar tissue. Studies have indicated that long-term exposure to PM2.5 could reduce pulmonary function, increase morbidity and mortality of lung cancer and exacerbate asthma and COPD. One of the potential mechanisms of the impact from PM2.5 on the pathogenesis of diseases is oxidative stress, and cause cell death by ways of apoptosis, autophagy or others. Ganoderma is one of the most valued Chinese traditional medicines and G. formosanum is an endemic species of Ganoderma in Taiwan. Its bioactivities about free radical scavenging and immunostimulatory ability have been demonstrated, hence we used human lung fibroblast MRC-5 to investigate the effect of G. formosanum extracts against PM2.5-induced ROS generation and its possible mechanism. The results showed that cell viability was decreased with increased ROS generation both in a dose-dependent manner after exposed to different concentration of PM2.5, and the cell death caused by PM2.5 was related to apoptosis pathway. After 24hrs pretreatment, butanol (BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of G. formosanum ethanol extract (GFE) at 200 ug/ml and 100 ug/ml could significantly increase the cell viability of MRC-5 after exposed to 1,000 ug/ml PM2.5, respectively, by cell apoptosis inhibition. Moreover, the effects of the two fractions on decreasing ROS generation were also demonstrated in zebrafish. As a result, our data indicated that GFE-BuOH and GFE-EA fraction could alleviate PM2.5-induced cell death and ROS generation.
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Lee, Chi-Chih, and 李奇芝. "Effects of Echinacea Purpurea Ethanol Extract on Male Reproductive Function with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zu58k9.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>103<br>As lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes increases every year. Diabetes-induced male reproductive dysfunction is predominantly due to increased oxidative stress, and then result in sperm damage and infertility. Echinacea purpurea, the North America herbal medicine, have traditionally been used for immune-modulatory, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral function and prevention from common cold. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in innate immune responses leading to NF-κB phosphorylation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). However, relation between Echinacea purpurea and TLR4 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects on male reproduction of Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EPE) against diabetic rats, and whether the anti-inflammatory effects were through TLR4 pathway. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced by nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). EPE was tested in three doses (93, 279 and 465 mg/kg p.o. daily) for 4 weeks. Besides, metformin administration (100 mg/kg/day) was treated as the positive control. Results indicated that EPE administration about 4 weeks improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In addition, EPE ameliorated sperm motility, morphology, DNA integrity and keeping mitochondrial membrane potential as well as plasma testosterone level and protein for testosterone synthesis enzyme. In plasma or testis anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) were increased whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased. Beside, testis protein content of TLR4 and downstream phospho-NF-κB p65 were reduced. The EPE might reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokine via TLR4 pathways and improve diabetes-induced male infertility.
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CHEN, WAI-YING, and 陳慧英. "Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Propolis Ethanol Extract and its Inhibitory Effects on Liver Cancer Cells." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90893243128011150864.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生化學研究所<br>87<br>Propolis is a complicated complex that is rich in phenolic compounds. In this study, the anti-free radical activity of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) was examined by four methods in comparison with pure compounds (caffeic acid, CA; ferulic acid, FA; protocatechuic acid, PA and quercetin, QCT), which can generally be found in propolis. We found that PEE had a high inhibitory effect on the rat liver microsomal membrane to process the NADPH-initiated lipid peroxidation. The results also showed that PEE could effectively stabilized DPPH free radical and had an ability to scavenge superoxide anion radical (O2-．) that generated from the NBT-NADH-PMS system. We also confirmed an antioxidant capacity of PEE in the experiment of TRAP (total reactive antioxidant potential test). The ability of PEE that could protect Chang Liver cells against H2O2 was also examined in our study. The cell viability was only 38.6% when cells were treated with 0.2 mM H2O2 for 6 hr. However, the cell viabilities were raised to 58.7, 63.8, and 72.3% when cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 g/ml of PEE for 1 hr before H2O2 was added, respectively. In the second part of this study, we found that PEE had an inhibitory effect on the growth of liver cancer cells (Hep G2). The cell cycle of Hep G2 was arrested at G1 or G2/M phase, after treating with PEE for 24 or 48hr. In conclusion, we considered that the anti-free radical and anti-cancer properties of PEE might be related to its phenolic constituents, especially the flavonoids.
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Lu, Mei-Chin, and 呂美津. "Effect of Ethanol Extract from Fruiting Bodies of Antrodis camphorata in Inducing Apoptosis of HL60 Cells." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61931242293019374443.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>熱帶農業暨國際合作研究所<br>91<br>Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (Niu-Chang- Ku; Zhan-Ku) is a medicinal fungus of the family Basidiomycetes that has been used as a traditional anti-tumor drug for a long time in Taiwan. Unfortunately, its anti-tumor effect has not yet been scientifically identified. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the crude extract from the fruiting bodies of Niu-Chang-Ku in inducing apoptosis of HL60 cells. After the Niu-Chang-Ku treatment, HL60 cells were observed directly under microscope by trypan blue exclusion, Liu’s stain and in situ TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) staining for evidence of apoptosis of HL60 cells induced by ethanol extract from the fruiting bodies of Niu-Chang-Ku. Niu-Chang-Ku extract significantly increased apoptosis of HL 60 cells, and the best result was found in the treatment with 200 mg/ml Niu-Chang-Ku extract. The effect of Niu-Chang-Ku in inducing apoptosis was further quantified by flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin-Ⅴ-FITC staining; increasing apoptotic cells from less than 5 % in the control groups to 36 % after 6 h treatment of 200 μg/ml Niu-Chang-Ku extracts. Furthermore, gel electrophoresis of the DNA extract of HL 60 cells showed DNA ladder phenomenon after the treatment with Niu-Chang-Ku extract. Evidence of DNA fragmentation was also shown by flow cytometry analysis of PI stained HL 60 cells. Hypodiploid population increased from less than 5 % in the control to 42 % in the 200 μg/ml Niu-Chang-Ku treatment. Our study demonstrated the scientific evidence that Niu-Chang-Ku extract induced apoptosis of the human promeylocytic leukemia cell. This also provided a solid evidence for the anticancer bioactivity of Niu-Chang-Ku.
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Tsai, Chun-hao, and 蔡峻豪. "Induction of Autophagy in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Ethanol Extract of Momordica charantia." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54465473617852581487.
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碩士<br>慈濟大學<br>生命科學系碩士班<br>100<br>Breast cancer is a serious health care issue, with millions of people being diagnosed worldwide. It accounts for 22.9% of all cancers in women. The risk factors of breast cancer include a complex interplay of genetics, hormones, and diet. Technologies for breast cancer therapy have slowly advanced and the quality of life has improved accordingly. However, millions of patients still suffer from this disease and further improved treatments and health care are extremely essential. Previous studies has shown that Momordica charantia (MC), commonly known as bitter melon, significantly suppress cancer cell growth and induces cell apoptosis in various cancers. However, the effects of M. charantia leave extract (MCE) on breast cancer, especially for the most malignant p53-mutated triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer (TNBC), remain unclear. Interestingly, the induction of autophagic cell death was observed in MCE-treated MDA-MB-231 cells in this study. A down-regulation of p62- and p53-associated proteins occurred after treatment, and, moreover, the conversion of LC-3 and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) without significant changes in caspase-associated proteins and intracellular responses were detected. Furthermore, a loss of mitochondria and its membrane potential in cells demonstrated that mitochondria were involved in MCE-regulated MDA-MB-231 cell death. On the other hand, MCE-induced LC3 conversion was significantly inhibited by 3-methlyadenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of PI3K-regulated autophagy. Additionally, the use of a NOD/SCID mouse xenograft model demonstrated that MCE completely suppressed tumor growth via the down-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression without significant change in kidney and liver functions. These results suggest that M. charantia may warrant further investigation for potential clinical application in treating breast cancers.
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Chen, Yi-Wen, and 陳宜汶. "Hepatoprotective effect of Cuscuta campestris ethanol extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver damage in mice." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ad6b76.
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碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>中國藥學暨中藥資源學系碩士班<br>102<br>The liver is the body''s vital metabolic organ. According to Ministry of Health and Welfare statistics show people death caused by liver disease is one of the top ten diseases. Contemporary studies have shown that flavonoids can effectively prevent or treat liver diseases. Therefore, this study used Cuscuta campestris ethanol extract (CCEtOH) containing flavonoid as the study sample tested. The experiments conducted using ICR male mice in chronic hepatitis tests are divided into six groups, one is normal group, the secondary group is mice treated with CCl4, the third group is positive control group (Silymarin, 200 mg/kg) and the last three groups were three doses of CCEtOH. The study period were last for 8 weeks. The results showed that the body weight, sALT, sAST, TG, TC, MDA of mice treated with carbon tetrachloride were significant differences as compared with the normal group. CCEtOH was significantly decreased the weight of body and liver, as well as the levels of sALT, sAST, TG, Cholesterol, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH-Rd and MDA induced by CCl4. These results show that CCEtOH could improve the CCl4-induced liver injury. In summary, CCEtOH of chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis improve the role, its mechanism of speculated that the CCEtOH can effectively increase the SOD, GSH-Px, GSH-Rd of antioxidant enzymes activity and reduction of the amount of liver tissue MDA generation. In addition, the histopathological results showed that CCEtOH can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the necrosis and fibrosis in liver. Thus, our findings support that Cuscuta campestris can potentially be developed as a hepatoprotective product.
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Zhang, Xiu-Ru, and 張修如. "Modulation of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Male Rat Reproductive function with Micro-Nanoencapsulated Echinacea purpurea Ethanol Extract." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/762e4w.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>106<br>Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that affects patient’s life quality throughout the world due to its many complications. It is recognized that chronic hyperglycemia with oxidative stress causes male infertility. Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EE), which contain phenolic acid and isobutylamides, had been proven to ameliorate diabetic complications. Chitosan/silica nanoparticles (Nano) has drug delivery and control release properties. This study aims to investigate whether chitosan/silica encapsulated EE (Nano-EE) enhance amelioration of male infertility. Our results indicated that the average nanoparticle size of Nano-EE were 218 ± 42 nm with encapsulation ratio of 66.9%. The antioxidant activity of Nano-EE was also confirmed. Nano-EE reduced the oxidative stress in LC-540 cell. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to diabetes by STZ (33 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with Nano (465 mg/kg), Nano-EE (93, 279, 465 mg/kg) and metformin (Met) (200 mg/kg) as a positive control for 7 weeks.Nano-EE5 can improve hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and plasma FGF 21 resistance. Nano-EE5 significantly improved the HPG axis, increasing sperm quality, plasma testosterone level and DNA integrity as well as reducing reactive oxygen species level. In addition of Nano-EE5 administration, plasma antioxidant enzymes GSH and SOD was increased, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased. In conclusion, nanoencapsulated technology improved male infertility with similar results to Lee (2015) under the dose of 465 mg/kg BW.
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Ting, Tzu-Ling, and 丁姿菱. "Effects of Echinacea purpurea Ethanol Extract on Male Reproductive Function in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fwypqg.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>103<br>Obesity’s risk appears to originate from disruption in adipose tissue function leading to a chronic inflammatory state. It comes up with various disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary diseases, and also infertility. Obesity is rapidly becoming a worldwide epidemic. Some studies have shown a relationship between obesity and infertility. Echinacea purpurea has long been used as a traditional herb for immune-enhancing, and is also demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. But male obesity induced chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress on reproductive damage of this material has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study focuses on that if E. purpurea has potential to prevent high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and reproductive damage. In vivo, male sprague-dawley rats were fed high fat diet for 5 weeks to induce obesity. EPE was tested in three doses (93, 186, 465 mg/kg per day) during 5 weeks high fat diet to determine whether E. purpurea reduces high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and its reproductive dysfunction. The results showed that EPE decreased body weight, fat mass, TG, fasting blood glucose index and increase of HDL-C level in high dose EPE group. Next, this study found that the level of antioxidant enzymes were increased in high dose EPE group; lipid peroxidation and the level of inflammation cytokines including NO, IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased. The sperm parameters such as counts, mobility, morphology, DNA damage and mitochondrial membrane potential were all ameliorated. Besides, the protein expression of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, AMPKα1/2 phosphorylation in liver tissue, as well as StAR and 17β-HSD3 in testis were raised, showing increase of lipid metabolism and testosterone synthesis under the effect of EPE, respectively. In conclusion five weeks administration of E. purpurea beneficially regulated hyperlipidemia, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammation and reproductive parameters in obesity rats.
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Jhen and 林臻. "Antioxidation, antiinflammation and growth inhibition of Helicobacter pylori by aqueous ethanol extract of orange peel and pith." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37682500343480636304.
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碩士<br>中山醫學大學<br>營養學系碩士班<br>98<br>Citrus fruits are mass produced in the world. Citrus fruits showed high antioxidation and biological activities, including antiinflammation, anti-cardiovascular disease, anti-cancer, anti-bacteria and so on. Citrus fruits peel contained rich flavonoids, but peel is not edible. Pith between peel and pulp contained rich fiber. The composition and biological activities of the peel fiber was never investigated. In this study, 70% ethanol extract of the peel and pith of Ponkan and Liucheng were used for determining the biological activities and antiinflammation. Results showed that ethanol extract of fruit peel and pith both exhibited antioxidation. In addition, pith inhibited COX-2 protein expression on LPS-induced macrophages (RAW264.7). Extracts of peel and pith could inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, together use of citrus fruit pulp and pith could be much helpful to health.
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Hsu, Wei-Hsuan, and 徐瑋萱. "Studies on Chemopreventive Effect of Ethanol Extract of Red Mold Dioscorea on Oral Cancer Prevention and Therapy." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68440465328934243226.
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碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>微生物與生化學研究所<br>98<br>Monascus-fermented products offer valuable therapeutic benefits and have been extensively used in East Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive effect of ethanol extract of red mold dioscorea (RMDE) on oral cancer prevention and therapy. In the cell model, we used the human oral cancer cell line to realize the effect of RMDE on apoptosis and the molecular mechanism. In the animal model, we evaluated the effect of RMDE on DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis to understand the preventive and therapeutic effect of RMDE against oral cancer. In the cell model, RMDE was selected for investigating the effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle and the mechanism of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. The results showed that the growth inhibitory effects of RMDE was maximally decreased on the SCC-25 cells (IC50: 78.1 μg/mL), and RMDE displayed greater cytotoxicity than ethanol extract of red mold rice (RMRE). In the cell cycle analysis, RMDE-mediated G2/M phase arrest was associated with down-regulation of NF-κBto inhibit Cyclin B1 and CDK1 expression, suggesting that RMDE apparently displayed the inhibitory activity on cancer cells. Furthermore, RMDE showed the activity of pro-apoptosis in the result of Annexin V-FITC double staining assay. To further investigate the apoptotic mechanism, RMDE effectively affected the expression of Bax in the mitochondria to activate caspase-9 and caspase-3, and subsequently triggering the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, caspase-8 activity was been promoted when treating RMDE, indicating that death receptor pathway was also involved in RMDE-mediated SCC-25 cells apoptosis. The aim of treating animal model is to investigate the anti-tumor ability of the RMDE on 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. We induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the buccal pouch of male Syrian golden hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 14 weeks. After 8 weeks, celecoxib and a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg RMDE per kg body weight were fed in the hamsters for 6 weeks, and extract of dioscorea (DE) group provided 200 mg per kg body weight. The results demonstrated that RMDE decreased nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) overexpression in hamster buccal pouches in the DMBA treatment group and increased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to significantly stimulate caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities, indicating that RMDE reduced oxidative damage causing by DMBA and induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells. The prevention animal model investigated the prevention of oral tumor formation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative ability of RMDE on DMBA-induced HBP carcinogenesis. The HBP was painted with DMBA for 3-time/week for 14 consecutive weeks, and animals were painted with celecoxib, RMDE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw) and DE (200 mg/kg bw) on days alternate to the DMBA application. The results demonstrated that RMDE attenuated tumor formation by elevating the antioxidase activity and suppressing the overproduction in ROS, NO, PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokines in the HBP caused by DMBA induction. These results indicated that RMDE exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity to prevent oral cancer. To integrate above results obtained a conclusion that the metabolite from Monascus-fermentated dioscorea has chemopreventive effect to against OSCC and may serve as a possible functional food for the prevention of oral cancer or adjuvant agent for oral cancer therapy.
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PEI-YUN-LO and 羅培芸. "Gammer – oryzanol and ethanol extract of pre-germinated brown rice regulate the mechanism of uptake glucose in HepG2." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93d547.
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碩士<br>美和科技大學<br>生技科技系健康產業碩士班<br>103<br>Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) which brown rice soaked in water to make it slightly buds has been proven to help to improve of high blood sugar. Brown rice during germinative period, enzymes in brown rice were activated, the nutritional content changed, thereby increased the nutritional value and increased γ-oryzanol. It was belong to a low glycemic index foods. Germinated brown rice has been shown to lower blood sugar, blood lipids, improve peroxide situation, but mechanism of action remains unclear. Research over the past decade finishing Mattias, who pointed out that higher intake of fiber from the cereal to reduce their risk of metabolic syndrome risks posed by fiber fruits and vegetables was more effective than ingestion.
This study investigates whether γ-oryzanol and ethanol extract of PGBR can inhibit the insulin resistance effect of TNF-α. We selected experimental model, HepG2 cells, to down-regulate insulin resistance. Our data were found that γ-oryzanol in 50 and 100 ppm enhance HepG2 cells to uptake glucose by the time, but 300 ppm of γ-oryzanol didn’t not have this phenomenon. The all groups of extract of PGBR enhance HepG2 cells to uptake glucose by the time, too. Both of γ-oryzanol and extract of PGBR increased expression genes of glucose uptake in HepG2 cells: insulin receptor (insulin receptor A, IRA), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), glucose transporter 2 (glucose transporter2, Glut2) and Glucokinease. At the same time, both of them improved the proteins expression of glucose uptake: insulin receptor (IR), PPAR-γ, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, glucose transporter2 (Glut 2). Although both of commercially purified γ-oryzanol and extractive γ-oryzanol of PGBR could improve Hep G2 cells to uptake glucose, but the effect of extractive γ-oryzanol of PGBR was better significantly than the commercially purified γ-oryzanol.
.Above all of results, we suggested that PGBR regulates blood glucose, improve glucose uptake into cells and affect glucose uptake genes and proteins expression of cells was γ-oryzanol.
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Shih, Ching-Yu, and 施靜妤. "Protective effect of ethanol extract from Carthamus tinctorius L. on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hind limb model." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26133089930715566796.
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碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>藥學系碩士班<br>99<br>Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex pathophysiology with evident increase in free radical production and neutrophil infiltration. The ethanol extracts from Carthamus tinctorius L., extracted from the Carthamus tinctorius L., has various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and free radical scavenger effects. In this study, we examined the effect of the ethanol extracts from Carthamus tinctorius L. on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hind limb muscle. Two hours of ischemia were introduced to right hind limb by applying inelastic rubber tourniquet to the proximal thigh. Muscle damage was evaluated in 4 groups, including control and pretreatment groups. The ethanol extracts from Carthamus tinctorius L. was injected by IP. before tourniquet properly tied limbs of rat for 30 min, after 2-hours ischemia, losen the tourniquet to reperfusion 22-hours. Plasma NO, IL-1β, TNF-α concentration before ischemia and after reperfusion was measured. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), glutathione Reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was also evaluated in skeletal muscles. Our results suggest treatment of the ethanol extracts from Carthamus tinctorius L. shows great potential for anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation in ischemia/reperfusion injury musculus adductormagnus.
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范少怡. "Antioxidative and protective effect of ethanol extract from rice koji fermented by Aspergillus candidus CCRC 31543 in vivo." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68583866511956086071.
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Lee, Chi-Chiu, and 李志昭. "Application of PCR-RFLP Technique for Species Identification and Hemolytic Activity of Ethanol Extract Powder in Sea Stars." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03518061271369066542.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>98<br>Sea stars are echinoderms, belonging to the class Asteroidea and currently species numbers being 1,800. The diversity of asteroids occupied of a wide range of habitats, including tidal flat, shallow water, coral reef and sandlot. The species numbers are approximately 56 in Taiwan. Because the starfishes are with inheritance, mutation or different habitats, morphological identification may be sometimes misjudged. Even sea stars have been processed for medicine, resulting in difficulty for morphological identification. In order to identify the sea star species, gene sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used in this study. In conclusion, used own designed primers 16SF40/16SR409, the 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of the mitochondria DNA of eight species were established and specific restriction enzymes were applied to identify eight species of sea stars.
Asterosaponins are the predominant metabolites of sea stars and are responsible for their bioactivities. Asterosaponins have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including cytotoxic, hemolytic, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects. There have been examined as a source of biologically active with biomedical application. However asterosaponins are hemolytic and may be the risk of physiology. In order to understand hemolytic properties of sea stras in Taiwan, the species Anthenea chinensis was analyzed in this study. The saponin could dissolve in ethanol easily, so the ethanol extract powder was used as the crude asterosaponin. The hemolytic activity of ethanol extract powder from Anthenea chinensis has been examined, and the hemolysis of ethanol extract powder was affected by some chemical and physical factors such as ion, pH and temperature. The hemolytic activity was reduced when the concentration of Cu2+ increased to 10 mM. The highest hemolytic activity of ethanol extract was at pH 7 but sharply reduced its activity when pH is being lower than 5. Furthermore, the hemolytic percentage was obviously decreased when the ethanol extract powder of sea star was pre-incubated at 100℃ for 30 min.
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Wu, Sian Pu, та 吳弦璞. "Antrodia cinnamomea ethanol extract suppresses interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 secretion by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39903725376640330843.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>醫學生物技術暨檢驗學系<br>101<br>The extracts of Antrodia cinnamomea has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have showed that A. cinnamomea extracts exhibits many pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory activities. Although A. cinnamomea extracts are reported to possess the anti-inflammatory activity, the effects of A. cinnamomea ethanol extract (ACEE) on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-18, and the regulation of the inflammasome pathway have not been clearly elucidated yet. In the present study, ACEE markedly suppresses the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in LPS-primed and ATP-stimulated macrophages. ACEE pre-treatment also results in a significantly reduction of ATP-induced caspase-1 activation. Moreover, we observed that ACEE not only inhibits the expression of NLRP3, and the purinergic receptor, P2X7R, but also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Taken together, these findings indicate that ACEE reduces the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 through the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to achieve the anti-inflammatory effect.
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CHIU, YI-CHEN, and 邱怡真. "Molecular effects of ethanol extract from pupa-cultivated Cordyceps militaris (L.) fruit bodies on IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r2yk6f.
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碩士<br>南臺科技大學<br>生物科技系<br>106<br>In recent years, the deterioration of air and the environment has led to moreallergic patients, e.g. allergic rhinitis, asthma and contact dermatitis etc.Recently many studies indicate that the active compounds and pharmacological of C. militaris is even higher and better than that of C. sinensis so that C. sinensis is gradually taken place by C. militaris. Besides, many researchers also apply C. militaris to alleviate the symptoms of various diseases. The results of this study indicated that ethanol extract from silkworm pupa-cultivated C. militaris fruit bodies (CM_EE) could inhibit symptoms of IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice. Therefore, we investigated more about the inhibition molecular mechanisms of CM_EE. CM_EE treatment showed the ability to inhibit degranulation in the dose-dependent way. Additionally, CM_EE incubation decreased intracellular calcium influx. Further western immunoblotting results demonstrated that CM_EE incubation could interfere with the activation of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase、Protein Kinase C、p38 mitogen activated protein kinase and 14-3-3γ while promoted the phosphorylation of Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protein expression. The above results implicated that CM_EE treatment could regulate FcεRI signaling pathway, intracellular calcium level and degranulation to decrease cytokine secretion and thus alleviate allergic rhinitis. In conclusion, CM_EE might be a potential Chinese herbal drug for curing allergy.
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Liu, Chia-Hua, and 劉家華. "Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Ulva Lactuca on High Fat Diet Induced Obesity Mice." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wwxxnd.
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