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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethanol in extract'
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1
Mahboubi, Mohaddese, Atefeh Mahboubi, and Nastaran Kazempour. "The antimicrobial activity of Prunella vulgaris extracts." Herba Polonica 61, no. 1 (2015): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2015-0008.
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Summary Prunella vulgaris ( Labiatae family) or self-heal is traditionally used for different ailments such as eye pain and inflammation, headache, dizziness, sore throat and wound healing. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) were determined by a spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by micro broth dilution assay. The total phenolic content of P. vulgaris extracts were higher in aqueous extract (156.5 mg GAC/g) followed by ethanol extract and methanol extract. The TFC content of P. vulgaris methanol extract (82.8 mg QE/g) was higher than ethanol extract (22.7 mg QE/g) and aqueous extract (16.2 mg QE/g). The antimicrobial activity of methanol or ethanol extracts was higher than aqueous extract from P. vulgaris. The sensitivity of microorganisms to different extracts is related to type of pathogens. There is no positive relation between total phenolic content and its antimicrobial activity. Prunella vulgaris ethanolic extract as a source of phenolic and flavonoid contents can be used as an antimicrobial agent.
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Sharma, Leihaothabam Dinendra, Md Riyajuddin Khan, and Angom Kikim Devi. "Methanolic and ethanolic phytochemical screening of Sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 9 (2023): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i9.6223.
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Acorus calamus is a medicinal plant with several ethno-medicinal properties. The present study was carried to screen the presence of major phytochemical groups. Phytochemical screening of methanolic and ethanolic rhizome extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenolic compound, protein, amino acid flavanoids and tannins. The total phenolic content in methanolic and ethanolic rhizome extracts in terms of gallic acid equivalent was 4.77.50 and 7.5 mg/g of extract powder respectively whereas the total flavonoid content of methanolic and ethanolic extract was 12.02 and 12.89 mg QE/g of extract respectively. Total antioxidant activity was found highest in ethanol extract (75.6 µg AAE/mg of extract) than methanol extract (37.2 µg AAE/mg of extract). Reducing power is also found highest in ethanol extract than methanol extract.
 Keywords: Acorus calamus, phytochemical screening, methanol, ethanol.
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Nighat Sultana, Syed Jalal, Ghulam Asghar Maka, et al. "Evaluation of antibacterial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. and Citrus lemon against urinary tract infection causing bacteria E. Coli, Enterococcus fecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes collected from various diagnostic laboratories of Khwazakhela,." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 3 (2023): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.15.3.0347.
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E. Coli is one of the major gram-negative pathogens well known causative agent for almost all kind of UTIs, however Enterobacteriaceae such as Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterococci fecalis are responsible for UT infections. The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of pomegranate and lemon peels against (23 isolated stains) E. Coli, (16 isolated strains) Enterococcus faecalis and (9 isolated strain) of Enterobactor aerogenes recovered from the urine sample of patientsin Swat KPK-Pakistan. The Agar dilution and well method was applied for the antibacterial activity of pomegranate and lemon peelextracts. All of the three subject isolates were exposed to different concentrations of pomegranate and lemon peel. MIC of aqua extract of pomegranateagainst the subject isolates of E. Coli was 200 µl/mLand ethanol extract was 50 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand MIC of aqua extract lemon peel against the subject isolates of E. coli was100 µl/mL and ethanol extract was 25 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. MIC of ethanol extract of pomegranate against the isolates of Enterococcus fecalis was found smaller (50 µl/mL) than that of water extract (100 µl/mL). So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand. MIC of aqua lemon extract against the subject isolates of Enterococcus fecalis was 100 µl/mL and ethanol extract was 25 µl/mL. Mainly the ethanolic extract of lemon peel was more effective than the ethanolic extract of pomegranate against Enterococcus fecalis isolates. The MIC of the water and ethanolic extract of pomegranate against Enterobacter aerogenes was found 500 µl/mL and 200 µl/mL respectively. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand MIC of the ethanolic extract of lemon peel was 100 µl/mL, while the water extracts showed inhibition against the Enterobacter aerogenes isolates at the concentration of 250 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of lemon was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract.For the determination of antibacterial activity of both pomegranate and lemon extracts (in ethanol and water) method as described in Clinical and Laboratory Standard Guidelines (CLSI) was adopted. The subject isolate of E. Coli, Enterococcus fecali, and Enterobacter aerogenes were shown different sensitivities (sensitive >10mm zone inhibition or resistant <10mm zone inhibition t) for ciprofloxacin with a variable zone of inhibition.
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Hutsko, K. I. "AMARANTHUS AS A SOURCE OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND FLAVONOIDS FOR USE IN MEDICINE." Biotechnologia Acta 17, no. 2 (2024): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech17.02.046.
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Amaranth is used as a medicinal plant with antioxidant, hemostatic, and wound-healing properties. The aim of the research is the quantitative determination of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids in ethanolic extracts of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" and "Ultra" varieties and leaves Amaranthus retroflexus. Methods. Extracts were obtained by infusion for 7 days in 70% and 80% ethanol. Quantitative determination of secondary metabolites was conducted by spectrophotometric methods. Results. The largest amount of polyphenolic compounds was found in the ethanolic extract of Amaranthus retroflexus leaves - 0.228 mg/ml. More polyphenols were found in the ethanolic extract of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" variety than in the extract of amaranth seeds of the "Ultra" variety. In the extract of leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus, 2.1 x 10-4 mg/ml of flavonoids were found, in extracts of amaranth seeds were found from 0.7 x 10-5 mg/ml to 1.55 x 10-5 mg/ml of flavonoids. Conclusion. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus contains a greater number of investigated secondary metabolites than the extracts of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" and "Ultra" varieties. The ethanol extract of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" variety contains more polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids than the ethanol extract of amaranth seeds of the "Ultra" variety.
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Kaniyur Chandrasekaran, Meenakshi, Manikandan Vani Raju, Boopana Duraisamy, Gopalakrishnan Velliyur Kanniappan, and Rathi Muthaiyan Ahalliya. "Investigating the antioxidant properties and GC-MS profile of Indian native medicinal flower Pandanus odorifer and assessing its cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cells." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 15, no. 3 (2024): 650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v15i3.4971.
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This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of Pandanus odorifer flower. The phytochemical investigation includes both qualitative and quantitative experiments. In vitro antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl methods. The bioactive compounds present in the ethanol extract were identified using GC-MS analysis. The MTT assay was carried out on HT-29 colon cancer cells to investigate the cytotoxic ability of the ethanolic extract. The qualitative phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, steroids, carboxylic acids and cardiac glycosides. The determination of flavonoid showed 400 ± 0.110 mg/g and 250±0.090 mg/g of quercetin equivalent in ethanol and water extracts. Similarly, the determination of phenol exhibited 108±0.210 mg/g and 87±0.173 mg/g gallic acid equivalent in ethanol and water extracts. The total antioxidant capacity revealed 1.6 ± 0.093 mg/g and 1.3± 0.056 mg/g equivalent of ascorbic acid in ethanol and water extracts. The DPPH assay showed IC50 values of 35.06 µg/mL in ethanol and 44.82 µg/mL in water extract. Likewise, the ABTS assay revealed an IC50 value of 42.20 µg/mL and 47.45 µg/mL in ethanol and water extract. The hydroxyl radical assay showed IC50 value of 23.95 µg/mL in ethanol and 36.56 µg/mL in water extract. 22 bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis based on their similarity index. The ethanolic extract showed greater cytotoxic activity with the IC50 value of 28.08 µg/mL on HT-29 colon cancer cells. This study concludes that the Pandanus odorifer flower extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and cytotoxic property.
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Saxena, A., P. Arivaradarajan, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, and S. P. Nandi. "Bactericidal effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract on Helicobacter pylori." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 6 (2021): 1591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/6/mrn-2070.
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Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf against Gram-negative, gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Methodology: Extracts of neem leaf were prepared in different solventslike hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol. Antibacterial activity was estimated in terms of zone of inhibition by performing Agar cup diffusion assay. Depending on the diameter of zone of inhibition, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol extract of neem leaves were selected for Thin Layer Chromatography. The presence of photochemicals were detected using iodine fumigation. Elution Assay was done to detect the bioactive components of the ethanol extract. Results: Out of sixsolvents used, ethanol extract of neem leavesshowed the maximum zone of inhibition against H. pylori. TLC separation of ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol extract of plant products showed dark brown bands of phytochemicals on silica-gel G 60 plates. The contact bioautography assay showed a zone of 15 mm. Elution assay and agar cup bioassay was performed against H. pylori and the loading spot showed a zone of 11 mm. Interpretation: The findings of the present study revealed the anti-bacterial potency of ethanolic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf against Gram-negative gastric pathogen H. pylori. The ethanolic extract of neem leaf can be used as an effective natural remedy in combating H. pylori infection.
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A. S., IBRAHIM, OMEJI, S, and OKOMODA, V.T. "Phytochemical Composition and Active Ingredients of Garcinia kola Extract Using Two Methods of Extraction the (Crude Ethanol and Aqueous Extract)." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 11 (2024): 538–42. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20241154.
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Phytochemical composition and active ingredients of Garcinia kola extract using two methods of extraction (crude ethanol and aqueous extract) was conducted. Tannin was present in both the aqueous (+) and ethanol extracts (++) of the Garcinia kola qualitative phytochemical analysis. Both the ethanol (-) and aqueous (-) extracts lacked pflobatannins. In ethanol extracts (+), glycoside was detected but not found in aqueous (-). In the ethanol extract (-), saponin was not present, while it was present (++) in the aqueous extract. Comparing the aqueous extract to the ethanol extract counterpart, the mean values of saponins (30.74±10.64), flavonoids (52.97±2.80), and anthraquinones (69.74±3.77) were higher in the aqueous extract, while the corresponding mean values for the ethanol extract were 0.00±0.00, 0.67±0.24, and 26.34±26.34 for saponins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones, respectively. Keywords: Phytochemical Garcinia kola Ethanol and Aqueous extracts
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Ch, Vidyulatha, Lathesh N, Govardhan Reddy Y, Dharani Ch, Sri Vidya G, and Rahaman Hasanur. "Formulation and Evaluation of herbal ointment to treat psoriasis with Indigofera aspalathoides." Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2024): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v4i2.620.
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The current study aims to prepare an herbal ointment using several extracts of the complete Indigofera aspalathoides plant and assess the extracts' antimicrobial effectiveness for psoriasis. The entire plant's morphological and physiochemical characteristics were evaluated. Different extracts of powdered whole plant were made, and these extracts underwent phytochemical analysis. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids, and other phytoconstituents were all present in the ethanolic extract. The extract's antimicrobial activity was examined throughout. Even at low concentrations, the ethanol and acetone extracts demonstrated promising efficacy and a maximum zone of inhibition. The antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract was assessed at 4%w/w and 2%w/w concentrations in an ointment formulation. The antifungal activity of the ointment made with ethanolic extract was on par with that of regular clobetasol cream. The ethanol extract cream's activity was shown to outperform that of the typical ointment.
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Ch, Vidyulatha. "Formulation and Evaluation of herbal ointment to treat psoriasis with Indigofera aspalathoides." Formulation and Evaluation of herbal ointment to treat psoriasis with Indigofera aspalathoides 4, no. 2 (2024): 108–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14651793.
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The current study aims to prepare an herbal ointment using several extracts of the complete Indigofera aspalathoides plant and assess the extracts' antimicrobial effectiveness for psoriasis. The entire plant's morphological and physiochemical characteristics were evaluated. Different extracts of powdered whole plant were made, and these extracts underwent phytochemical analysis. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids, and other phytoconstituents were all present in the ethanolic extract. The extract's antimicrobial activity was examined throughout. Even at low concentrations, the ethanol and acetone extracts demonstrated promising efficacy and a maximum zone of inhibition. The antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract was assessed at 4%w/w and 2%w/w concentrations in an ointment formulation. The antifungal activity of the ointment made with ethanolic extract was on par with that of regular clobetasol cream. The ethanol extract cream's activity was shown to outperform that of the typical ointment.
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S, Revathi, Madhavan K, Naresh R, et al. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF YASHTIMADHU (GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA) IN AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 13, no. 3 (2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.130355.
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The study aims to analyse the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in aqueous and ethanolic extracts and determine the ash value and extractive value of the drug. Using Soxhlet equipment, the extract was prepared from powdered Yashtimadhu drugs for 20 hours using water and ethanol as solvents. The analysis of physicochemical properties of Yashtimadhu extracts includes ash value and extractive value etc. The study of phytochemical screening of Yashtimadhu includes tests for carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. The percentage yield of ethanol extract is found to be 9.73%. The physicochemical parameters of the aqueous solution and ethanol were analysed and found within limits. The ethanolic extract of Yashtimadhu showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides and phytosterol. The amounts of total flavonoids, phenol and ascorbic acid were 185.14 mg, 481.47 mg per 1 gm, and 33.81 µg/ml of aqueous extract 218.92 mg, 507.62 mg per 1 gm, and 42.38 µg/ml of the ethanol extract, respectively. It was found that the phytochemical constituents are very much enriched in the Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extract and can be used for the development of new formulations.
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Dincel, Demet, Yasin Darı, Çağla Kızılarslan Hançer, Nur Banu Onal, Murat Kartal, and Gülaçtı Topçu. "Investigation of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of Hypericum Perforatum L. extracts." Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1565559.
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Hypericum perforatum L. is widely known for its therapeutic properties, including wound healing, antispasmodic effects, and anxiety treatment. This study was examined the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and anticholinesterase activity of aqueous, ethanolic, and water-ethanol extracts from the plant's aerial parts and also green chemistry and sustainability were also investigated. Extraction was performed under reflux at 60°C. The anticholinesterase effect of Hyperium perforatum L., which is known to be used in the treatment of neurological diseases such as coxalgia, paralysis, spastic paralysis, menopausal neurosis, spinal convulsion etc., was investigated in vitro [1]. Three different extracts were prepared as 100% ethanol, 50% ethanol-50% water and 100% water. The antioxidant activity of the prepared extracts was examined using Folin-Ciocalteu in terms of total phenolic-flavanoid content and then the anticholinesterase activity was investigated by Ellman method [2]. LC-HR-MS identified Rhamnocitrin as the most abundant compound in the water-ethanol extract, while Quercitrin and Hederagenin were descent in the ethanol extract. The ethanol extract demonstrated the highest total flavonoid content and enzyme inhibition rates, especially for AChE (65%) and BChE (75%). In contrast, the water extract had the highest phenolic content but lower enzyme inhibition, especially for BChE (16%). Greenness metrics analysis demonstrated superior recyclability for the aqueous extract, earning it the highest score in sustainability. In general, the ethanol extract exhibited the most potent biological activity, while the aqueous extract excelled in green chemistry principles. These findings support the potential of H. perforatum extracts for further development in natural product research.
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Nighat, Sultana, Jalal Syed, Asghar Maka Ghulam, et al. "Evaluation of antibacterial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. and Citrus lemon against urinary tract infection causing bacteria E. Coli, Enterococcus fecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes collected from various diagnostic laboratories of Khwazakhela,." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 3 (2023): 127–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10714410.
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<em>E. Coli</em> is one of the major gram-negative pathogens well known causative agent for almost all kind of UTIs, however Enterobacteriaceae such as <em>Enterobacter </em><em>aerogenes</em> and <em>Enterococci </em><em>fecalis</em> are responsible for UT infections. The present study was conducted to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of pomegranate and lemon peels against (23 isolated stains) <em>E. Coli</em>, (16 isolated strains) <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> and (9 isolated strain) of <em>Enterobactor aerogenes</em> recovered from the urine sample of patientsin Swat KPK-Pakistan. The Agar dilution and well method was applied for the antibacterial activity of pomegranate and lemon peelextracts. All of the three subject isolates were exposed to different concentrations of pomegranate and lemon peel. MIC of aqua extract of pomegranateagainst the subject isolates of <em>E. Coli</em> was 200 µl/mLand ethanol extract was 50 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand MIC of aqua extract lemon peel against the subject isolates of <em>E. coli</em> was100 µl/mL and ethanol extract was 25 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. MIC of ethanol extract of pomegranate against the isolates of <em>Enterococcus fecalis</em> was found smaller (50 µl/mL) than that of water extract (100 µl/mL). So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand. MIC of aqua lemon extract against the subject isolates of <em>Enterococcus fecalis</em> was 100 µl/mL and ethanol extract was 25 µl/mL. Mainly the ethanolic extract of lemon peel was more effective than the ethanolic extract of pomegranate against<em> Enterococcus fecalis</em> isolates. The MIC of the water and ethanolic extract of pomegranate against <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em> was found 500 µl/mL and 200 µl/mL respectively. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand MIC of the ethanolic extract of lemon peel was 100 µl/mL, while the water extracts showed inhibition against the <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em> isolates at the concentration of 250 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of lemon was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract.For the determination of antibacterial activity of both pomegranate and lemon extracts (in ethanol and water) method as described in Clinical and Laboratory Standard Guidelines (CLSI) was adopted. The subject isolate of <em>E. Coli</em>, <em>Enterococcus fecali</em>, and <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em> were shown different sensitivities (sensitive >10mm zone inhibition or resistant <10mm zone inhibition t) for ciprofloxacin with a variable zone of inhibition.
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Pogrebnoi, Serghei, Nicolai Eremia, Dmitri Bilan, et al. "Characterization of propolis from Moldova's central region: chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 18, no. 1 (2023): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2023.924.
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The chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of propolis ethanolic and water-ethanolic extracts from the central zone of Moldova have been investigated by GC-MS and liquid chromatography. There were found 20 amino acids, of which the most abundant are glutamic acid, alanine, leucine and isoleucine. The main constituents of the alcoholic extract are pinocembrin, n-heptacosan and naringenin. The aqueous-alcoholic extract was characterized by the content of sakuranin, 4-methoxy sakuranetin, caryophylline oxide, isocaryophylline oxide, trans-longipinocarveol. The propolis extracts exhibited strong antioxidant (53.7 mg ascorbic acid eq./g extract or 113.4 mg Trolox eq./g extract and 87.5 mg ascorbic acid eq./g extract or 162 mg Trolox eq./g extract for ethanol, and water-ethanol extract, respectively) and antimicrobial activity (from 0.0055 up to 0.07%), suggesting their potential as natural agents for therapeutic use.
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Qasim, Zahraa S. "The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 2 (2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-126.
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The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
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Qasim, Zahraa S. "The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 2 (2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-128.
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The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
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Monteiro, Flama, Shilpa S. Shetty, Ranjitha K., et al. "Phytochemical profiling, total flavonoid, total phenolic content and in-vitro antioxidant evaluation of Citrus maxima extract." Biomedicine 42, no. 5 (2022): 912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i5.1883.
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Introduction and Aim: Citrus fruits are rich in polyphenolic compounds. The conventional medical system has utilized the fruit’s entire composition including the peel for its diverse biological functions. With this, the study aimed to assess and compare the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant analysis as well as polyphenol and flavonoid content of Citrus maxima juice, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of its pulp and peel. Materials and Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content and different in-vitro antioxidant assays like total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay were carried out to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant potential in the juice, aqueous and ethanolic extract of pulp and peel of C. maxima. Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was performed in the peel ethanolic extract to identify the compounds present. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of triterpenoids and steroids, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates and vitamin C in all the C. maxima crude extracts. Tannins were present only in pulp of ethanol extract and in both aqueous and ethanol extracts of peel. Resins were present in the juice and ethanol extract of pulp and peel. The total phenol and total flavonoid content was comparatively higher in ethanolic extracts of peel. All the extracts showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity. The reducing potential of the C.maxima extractives increased with the increase in its concentration. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic peel extract identified key constituents with pharmacological effects. The ethanolic peel extract showed good antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity when compared to other extracts. Conclusion: The results indicated that ethanolic peel extract of Citrus maxima revealed the highest presence of polyphenolic compounds, which are secondary plant metabolites with potential antioxidant activity.
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Anmar Saadi Aboud, Mohammed AL-jaleel Khalil, Zena Hassan Jazar, Ruaa Fadhil Mansoor, and Hiba Alwan Zboon. "Effect of ethanol and aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera on bacteria isolated from wound infection." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 9, no. 2 (2023): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0642.
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The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera used for the treatment of infectious disease were tested for their active against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from burns infection culture using the broth dilution and disc diffusion method. Results of this study revealed the presence of phytochemical which were active against gram positive and negative bacteria. Ethanol extracts of plant showed highest activity other than aqueous extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extracts on the test organism was 25- 100 mg\ml, while that of the ethanol extract ranged between 25 -50 mg\ml on the test organisms, the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) ranging between 25-100 mg\ml for ethanol extract, and 25-200 mg\ml for aqueous extracts. The highest activity at 45 oC was demonstrated by the ethanol extracts of S. rosmarinus against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. In this study plant extracts against gram negative bacteria showed activity in acidic pH only in contrast of gram positive bacteria which were constant in plant extract. M. oleifera contained essential elements at higher levels. The results of this study suggest the possibility of using the ethanolic extracts of plant in treating diseases caused by the test organisms, especially when prepared at acidic pH.
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SIEGO, DOCGNE Linda Glawdis, Jonas Kouamouo, Matchawe CHELEA, Josaphat NDELO, B. Fabrice Feukam, and Joseph NGOUPAYO. "Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant and Antihemolytic Activities of Garcinia lucida Vesque (Clusiaceae)." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 6, no. 4 (2019): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941836.
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Background: <em>Garcinia lucida</em>, known as "ESSOK" in Ewondo (Cameroon), is distributed in the tropical zones of West Africa and in the continental region of Equatorial Guinea, specifically in Gabon and Cameroon. Its seeds and trunk bark are used to treat various gastric and intestinal disorders and thus can serve as an antacid. A decoction of fruit and leaves is used in the manufacture of many traditional curries to treat many ailments. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of the leaves and trunk bark of <em>Garcinia lucida</em> Vesque (Clusiaceae). Methods: We determined the antioxidant, antihemolytic and total phenolic content, and performed phytochemical screening of leaf and trunk bark extracts of <em>Garcinia lucida</em> using standard procedures. Results: With the exception of steroids, polyphenols, anthocyanes, saponins and tannins were present in all the extracts. The aqueous bark extract had the highest total polyphenol content (468 mg/g) followed by the ethanol leaf extract (445 mg/g) with the ethanol bark extract having the least (10 mg/g).The results of the antioxidant properties showed that at the concentration of 250 μg/ml, between 56.65 and 61.61% of DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazyl) radicals were inhibited by the extracts and the extracts showed appreciable FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity. The 50% Inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) ranged from 40.83 ± 0.5 to 94.020 ± 0.7 μg/ml, depending on the type of extracts. The results indicated that all extracts exhibited antioxidant properties and antihemolytic activity with a percent inhibition ranging from 21.32 to 100% from 500 to 250 μg/ml with no significant difference in biochemical and hematologic parameters compared to the control. The cytotoxicity test carried out at concentrations ranging from 125 to 500 μg / ml showed that the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract, the hydro-ethanolic bark extract and the ethanol bark extract were not toxic to the red blood cell membrane and exerted a protective effect on the erythrocyte membrane (antihemolytic effect) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions: The extracts of <em>Garcinia lucida</em> presents potential antioxidant properties (a good ability to scavenge DPPH radical and to reduce ferric oxide). The hydro-ethanolic leaf extract, the hydro-ethanolic bark extract and the ethanol bark extract were non-cytotoxic whereas the ethanol leaf extract and aqueous bark extract were cytotoxic on the Vero cell The high total polyphenol content the extracts of <em>Garcinia lucida</em> provides this plant with pharmacological properties thereby supporting its traditional use for the relief of various diseases.
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OSIBEMHE, M., I. E. EBHOHIMEN, and I. O. ONOAGBE. "ASSESSMENT OF NEPHROTOXIC EFFECTS OF Strophanthus hispidus STEM BARK EXTRACTS (AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL) IN NORMAL RATS." Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029) 5, no. 2 (2022): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/njls.v5i2.260.
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The nephrotoxic effects of Strophanthus hispidus stem bark extracts (aqueous and ethanol) in normal rats were assessed. Male rats (wistar strain) numbering 45 were randomly selected into nine groups of five rats each. Four groups were given 100, 200, 500, and 800 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract, while another four groups received similar doses of the ethanolic extract. One group served as untreated normal control. After 28days of daily administration of the extracts and water, the animals were sacrificed. Urea, creatinine and some electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, & HCO3-) were assessed. Both extracts produced significant increases (P?0.05) in urea concentration at 800 mg/kg when compared with the control group. At the same dose, significant increases (P?0.05) were observed in creatinine concentration for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts treated groups while the ethanolic groups at 500 mg/kg body weight also showed significant increases (P?0.05) in creatinine. Similarly, K+ significantly increased at 800 mg/kg for both extracts while Na+ produced a significant increase at the same dose for the aqueous extract treated groups. However, a significant increase in Na+ was observed in the ethanol treated groups at the doses of 500 and 800 mg/kg. Interestingly, no significant effects (P?0.05) were observed in the levels of Cl-, & HCO3- at all the doses of aqueous extract administration. The ethanol extract treated groups however showed a significant increase (P?0.05) in Cl- content and a significant decrease (P?0.05) in HCO3- content at the highest dose administered when compared with the control. The findings from this study suggest that higher doses of S. hispidus are inimical to kidney function. It also indicates that ethanol extract may be more deleterious to the nephrons than aqueous extract.
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Mulia, Reski, Iis Wahyuningsih, Moch Saiful Bachri, and Sri Mulyaningsih. "FORMULATION OF HAIR TONIC COMBINATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM LEAVES AND FRAGRANT PANDAN (Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb) AND ITS ACTIVITY ON HAIR GROWTH IN WHITE RATS." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 9, no. 2 (2024): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/ms.v9i2.1202.
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Hair is the crown for everyone because hair functions aside from providing warmth, protection, beauty, and support. Hair loss that can cause baldness is one of the most serious problems for everyone. This study aimed to determine the activity of Hair Tonic combination formulations of kelor leaf ethanol extract (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and ethanol extracts of Fragrant Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) on rat hair growth compared to single use. The method began with the maseration process of ethanol extract of kelor leaves and ethanol extract of Fragrant Pandan leaves, characterization of extracts (specific and non-specific parameters), chemical content testing of extracts and formulation of Hair Tonic preparations consisting of F1 (positive control), F2 (6% kelor leaf extract), F3 (6% ethanol pandan extract), F4 (combination of 2% kelor leaf extract with 4% ethanol pandan extract), F5 (3% kelor leaf ethanol extract and 3% ethanol pandan leaf extract), F6 (combination of 4% kelor leaf ethanol extract and 2% ethanol pandan leaf extract). The rat hair growth activity was divided into 8 groups: each rat's back was shaved to a size of 4 × 4 cm, the rats were left for 24 hours and then testing was carried out by spraying each formula, and hair growth was observed for 28 days. ...
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Usman, Usman, Pintaka Kusumaningtyas, Sukemi Sukemi, and Erwin Erwin. "An Evaluation of the Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Rhizophora mucronata Leaf." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 5, no. 4 (2023): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v5i4.1978.
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The aim of this research was to determine the antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves, as well as the phytochemical elements contained in the leaf extract. Extracts from R. mucronata leaf samples were obtained by maceration in ethanol-based solvents. The ethanolic extract of R. mucronata leaves is known to have an antidiabetic effect on mice, evidenced by its ability to reduce blood glucose levels. Giving ethanol extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW gives the greatest antidiabetic effect. The antibacterial activity of the extract against the tested bacteria and fungi was also limited due to the presence of contaminants in the ethanolic extract. The analysis of secondary metabolites using LC-MS revealed that the ethanolic extract of R. mucronata leaves contained 25 different secondary metabolite compounds. Furthermore research to purify and identify the compounds in the ethanolic extract of R. mucronata is required to develop this resource as an antimicrobial and antidiabetic drug based on natural materials.
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Maneechai, Suthira, Thawanrat Siphim, Nattaya Srisawad, and Waraporn Sutthisa. "Chemical Composition and Antifungal Properties of Guava Leaf Extract (Psidium guajava L.) Against Pythium aphanidermatum, Chinese Kale Damping-Off Disease Pathogen." Trends in Sciences 21, no. 9 (2024): 8134. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8134.
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Damping-off disease represents a considerable hazard to the cultivation of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra), leading to seedling death and notable economic repercussions. This study explores the efficacy of guava leaf extracts, obtained through different extraction solvents, against Pythium aphanidermatum, a significant pathogen causing damping-off disease in Chinese kale (Pak Kha-naa) cultivation in Thailand. Guava leaf extract was obtained using different solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Subsequently, the extract was diluted to concentrations of 1,000, 1,500 and 3,000 ppm to assessment the inhibitory effects on P. aphanidermatum utilizing the poisoned plate technique. Results revealed that only ethanol-extracted guava leaf extract at 3,000 ppm exhibited significant inhibition of P. aphanidermatum, achieving complete inhibition. At 1,500 ppm, ethanol-extracted guava leaf extract demonstrated inhibition comparable to carbendazim. Greenhouse trials further confirmed the efficacy of pre-planting seeds coating with ethanolic guava leaf extract at concentrations of 1,500 and 3,000 ppm in reducing damping-off disease incidence in Chinese kale. Chemical analysis of guava extract with GC-MS revealed the presence of 58 compounds in the hexane extract, with copaene, β-caryophyllene, calamenene and caryophyllene oxide being major constituents. The ethyl acetate extract contained 53 compounds, including β-caryophyllene and squalene, while caryophyllene was a predominant component among the 40 chemicals identified in the ethanol extract. Methylparaben was exclusively present in the ethanol extract, showcasing inhibitory effects on the fungus. This research sheds light on the potential of guava leaf extracts as a sustainable solution for disease management in Chinese kale cultivation. HIGHLIGHTSEthanolic extract of guava leaf at 3,000 ppm completely inhibits the pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum. Seed coated with ethanol-extracted guava leaf extract at concentrations of 1,500 and 3,000 ppm reduced damping-off disease incidence in Chinese kale in greenhouse trials. Chemical analysis via GC-MS revealed diverse compounds in guava leaf extracts, with notable constituents such as copaene, β-caryophyllene, calamenene and caryophyllene oxide in the hexane extract, β-caryophyllene and squalene in the ethyl acetate extract and caryophyllene predominance in the ethanol extract. Identification of methylparaben exclusively in the ethanol extract suggests its potential inhibitory effects on the fungus. This study underscores the promising potential of guava leaf extracts as a sustainable solution for disease management in Chinese kale cultivation, offering insights into alternative methods for controlling damping-off disease. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Nabilla, Isya Isma, and Peni Indrayudha. "Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etanol, Etil-Asetat, dan Heksana Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC.) terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 16, no. 1 (2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v16i1.8173.
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Kaffir lime peels (Citrus hystric DC.) have been reported that it has activity on HeLa cell. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract, ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane fraction of kaffir lime peels to T47D breast cancer cells and to identify the compounds of kaffir lime peels (Citus hystrix DC.). Extraction was done by maceration using 96% ethanol. The results of thick extracts were fractionated by the liquid-liquid partition method using solvent with different polarity, namely hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Cytotoxic activity tests were carried out using the MTT assay. Identification of compounds were carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method with silica gel GF 254 as a stationary phase. The mobile phase used was hexane:ethylacetate (6:4) for ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions, and hexane:ethylacetate (4:6) for ethanol fractions. IC50 ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions obtained were 268.49, 286.82, and 136.27 mg/mL respectively. Ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions contain alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid and phenolic compounds, while the ethanol fraction contains only flavonoid compound. Cytotoxic results of ethanol extract, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fraction of kaffir lime peels did not active against T47D breast cancer cells.
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Cho, Seung-Sik, Seung-Hui Song, Chul-Yung Choi, Kyung Park, Jung-Hyun Shim, and Dae-Hun Park. "Optimization of the Extraction Conditions and Biological Evaluation of Dendropanax morbifera H. Lev as an Anti-Hyperuricemic Source." Molecules 23, no. 12 (2018): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123313.
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Dendropanax morbifera H. Levis a medicinal plant native to South Korea, East Asia, and South America. Among some 75 species, one species grows in Korea. In previous studies, D. morbifera extracts with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-complementary and anti-cancer activities were reported. The present study aims to investigate optimization of extraction and evaluation of anti-hyperuricemic effects of D. morbifera leaf and the phytochemicals contained therein. Ethanol and hexane extract were found to display the best xanthine oxidase inhibition among six types of solvent and water extract. The antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract was superior to that of the hexane extract. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 81.52 ± 1.57% and 2.69 ± 0.16. The reducing power of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 9.71 ± 0.15 and 0.89 ± 0.01 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. Total phenols of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 6.53 ± 0.16 and 0.63 ± 0.001 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. In addition, we compared the two marker compounds from D. morbifera, chlorogenic acid and rutin, which were determined in the ethanol extract at 0.80 ± 0.03% and 0.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. We found that the ethanol extracts showed better xanthine oxidase inhibition than hexane extracts. Especially, ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than hexane extracts. Based on these results, we selected the ethanol extract as an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor and confirmed whether ethanol extracts showed xanthine oxidase inhibition in animal experiments. The in vivo mouse study demonstrated that ethanol extract of D. morbifera leaf at the dose of 300 mg/kg could inhibit blood/hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and this result shows that the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in vitro is reproduced in vivo. The present study showed that ethanol extract was optimal xanthine oxidase inhibitor which can be applied to prevent diseases related to hyperuricemia.
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Dubey, Anubhav, Niladry Ghosh, and Ranjit Singh. "An in-depth and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus Linn seed." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 10 (2023): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2710rjce046066.
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The study aimed to explore the phytochemicals present in the aqueous and ethanolextracts of Asparagus racemosus Linn seeds by GC-MS and LC-MS analysis and to determine the neuro protective and antioxidant potential of both the extracts. The GC-MS and LC-MS analysis of the aqueous and ethanol seed extract indicated the presence of various chemical constituents such as ascorbic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, fatty acids, pyroglutamic acid, pentanoic acid, decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, naphthalene, hydroxycinnamic acid, thiamine hydrochloride, coumaroyl putrescin, agrimol, epanorin, brevicarine, rubiadin, pyroglutamic acid, tyrosine derivative, linoleyl acetate etc. Neuroprotective effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Asparagus racemosus Linn seeds on SHSY5Y cell line was evaluated by MTT assay and the results showedthat ethanol extract of the plant got more neuroprotective activity on cell lines. The antioxidant results showed that both of the extracts had almost similar DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. However, the ethanol extract had more potent antioxidant power than the aqueous extract. Study data suggest that whole plant of Asparagus racemosus Linn seeds possessed neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities and the best neuroprotective and anti-oxidant activity being exhibited by the ethanolic extract of the plant.
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Palaiogiannis, Dimitrios, Theodoros Chatzimitakos, Vassilis Athanasiadis, Eleni Bozinou, Dimitris P. Makris, and Stavros I. Lalas. "Successive Solvent Extraction of Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Cistus creticus L. Leaves." Oxygen 3, no. 3 (2023): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3030018.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of successive extraction (using solvents of increasing polarity, namely hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water) of polyphenols from Cistus creticus L. The results were compared with the ones obtained from a single-solvent extraction (ethanol, water, and 50% ethanol: water). According to the results, each solvent used for extraction had a significant effect on the yield of extracted polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The highest extraction yield for successive extraction was achieved with ethanol (95.33 mg GAE/g), whereas a comparable amount could also be extracted with 50% ethanol: water mixture single-solvent extraction (96.51 mg GAE/g). The ethanolic and aqueous extracts had the highest antioxidant activity as indicated by their lowest IC50 values in the DPPH assay, specifically 350.99 μg/mL for ethanolic extract of successive extraction and 341.18 μg/mL for 50% ethanol: water mixture of single-solvent extraction, followed by the extract produced using acetone. However, the acetone extract contained more flavonoids than the other two extracts up to 28.03 mg QE/g. The results obtained were in line with those for the single-solvent extraction. It is concluded that using a range of solvents in succession is a more efficient way of extracting higher amounts of antioxidant compounds with varying antioxidant activity.
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Sutthisa, Waraporn, and Phaninyada Chaiyacham. "Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. against Human Pathogenic Bacteria." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (2022): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.41.
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Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) is a wide edible mushroom widely consumed in Thailand. Ethanol extract was extracted from mycelium of L. squarrosulus No. 2 and Lentinus basidiocarp obtained from the local market at Mahasarakham province using 50% ethanol solvent. The effect of ethanolic extracts was tested for inhibition to some pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity was tested by Poison food technique, it was found that 50 % ethanol extract from mycelium at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 30% was effective to inhibit Bacillus cereus at the highest level (+++) and mycelium extract at the concentrations of 15% and 30% can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus with low level (+). But all concentrations of L. squarrosulus basidiocarp extract unable to inhibit the growth of B. cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanolic extract from mycelium inhibit B. cereus was 125 mg/ml. The results indicate that the potential of L. squarrosulus mycelium is an excellent source of antimicrobial agents.
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Velickovic, Ivona, Zeljko Zizak, Nemanja Rajcevic, et al. "Examination of the polyphenol content and bioactivities of Prunus spinosa L. fruit extracts." Archives of Biological Sciences 72, no. 1 (2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs191217004v.
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We investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the anthocyanin profiles in aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) fruit, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic and antitumor properties. The contribution of polyphenol contents to the bioactivity of the extracts was calculated and observed through Pearson?s coefficient of correlation. The acetone extract was the richest in phenols and anthocyanins and the ethanol extract in flavonoids. Cyanidin was the most abundant anthocyanin compound in all examined extracts. The ethanol extract showed the most promising antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Tested bacteria were more affected by the ethanol than by the aqueous extract. Both the ethanol and aqueous extracts exhibited potential antidiabetic effects, observed as inhibition of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase, enzymes linked with diabetes mellitus type II. The ethanol extract was a potent ?-glucosidase-inhibitor with a significantly lower IC50 value than the positive control, glucobay, used to treat diabetes mellitus type II. Neither the ethanol nor the aqueous extracts had any effects on tested human malignant cell lines. Our results indicate that the ethanol extract showed the most pronounced in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, and a potential antidiabetic activity, which can be ascribed to its high flavonoid content. Our results indicate that research of compounds, particularly of flavonoids present in the ethanol extract and their anti-diabetic properties should be examined further.
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Herman-Lara, Erasmo, Jesús Rodríguez-Miranda, Stefany Ávila-Manrique, et al. "In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Bioaccessibility of Ethanolic Extracts from Mexican Moringa oleifera Leaf." Foods 13, no. 17 (2024): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13172709.
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This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and bioaccessibility of Moringa oleifera ethanolic extracts using pressurized liquid extraction with varying ethanol concentrations (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%) in water–ethanol mixtures. Quercetin derivatives and neochlorogenic acid were identified as major compounds via high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The 70% ethanol extract displayed the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, highlighting a strong correlation between phenolics and antioxidant potential. Extracts prepared with 50% and 70% ethanol (30 μg/mL) significantly inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokine secretion, with the 70% ethanol extract demonstrating robust anti-inflammatory effects. During in vitro digestion (oral, gastric, and intestinal phases), minimal changes were noted in most phenolic compounds’ post-oral phase, but reductions occurred after the gastric phase. Substantial decreases in major compounds and antioxidant activity were observed in post-gastric and intestinal phases. Overall, ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera, particularly those with 70% ethanol, exhibit promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential for developing therapeutic agents against oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders. However, it is essential to protect these compounds to prevent their degradation during digestion.
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Carpes, Solange Teresinha, Rosicler Begnini, Severino Matias de Alencar, and Maria Lúcia Masson. "Study of preparations of bee pollen extracts, antioxidant and antibacterial activity." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 31, no. 6 (2007): 1818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542007000600032.
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The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity, phenolic content and antibacterial activity of pollen extracts obtained with different concentrations of ethanol. Each extraction condition (ethanol solutions from 40 to 90%) had a different effect in the phenolic compounds content. Although, the pollen extract obtained at 60, 70 and 80% of ethanol showed relatively higher levels of phenolic compounds (>10 mg/g) and did not present statistical significant difference between the extraction conditions. The amount of total phenolics ranged from 3.6 to 8.1 and 6.6 to 10.9 mg GAE/g for Alagoas state and Parana state pollen, respectively. The higher value for antioxidant activity index was 83.30% for the pollen from Alagoas state and 81.15 % for Parana state pollen. The highest degree of antioxidant activity was found in the extraction at 60% of ethanol solution for Parana state pollen, which also showed the highest concentration of polyphenol compounds. Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by the ethanolic extract of Alagoas state pollen in all the concentrations of solvent, except the ethanolic extract of pollen at 90%. The extract at 60% of ethanol solution (Parana sample) inhibited Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp.
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Mshelia, E. H., Watirahyel Pindar, Kadam Tadzabia, A. H. Mohammed, and Omolide Ojo. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIBACTERIAL AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF BOSWELLIA DALZIELII HUTCHIN FROM KALTUNGO, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 7, no. 6 (2023): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2111.
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The importance of traditional herbal medicinal system has now gained attention in developed and developing countries. Boswellia dalzielii is a tree grows in the wild usually in the Savannah region of West Africa. These work assessed the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and insecticidal activities of the stem bark extracts of Boswellia dalzielii. The plant extracts were obtained using soxhlet method with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water as solvents for 10 hours while the phytochemicals and insecticidal activities were determined using standard methods. The phytochemical screening showed significant presence of carbohydrate in the ethanol and water extracts while significant amount of tannin was detected only in the ethanol extract. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate showed absence of carbohydrate, tannins, phlobotannin, cyanogenic glycoside, chlorogenic acid and alkaloid. Significant amount of flavonoid was seen in the water extract, while only the ethanolic extract showed significant amount of cardiac glycoside and alkaloid. The acetone extract showed significant quantity of alkaloid and terpenes and steroids. The antibacterial screening showed that ethanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity. The petroleum ether extract had the least active components with no activity on the test organisms. The insecticidal activity of the plant extracts showed that acetone extract had the highest insecticidal activity on both the test insects. Camponotus consobrinus shows the highest percentage mortality of 75% at a concentration of 500µg and LC50 of 1.64x102µg followed by the Acanthscelides obtectus with the percentage mortality of 53% at a concentration of 250µg and...
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Shobha Rao, Amita, Shobha Kl, Manjunath S Shetty, and Sreedhara R Pai K. "IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (2018): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28853.
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Objective: The present study focuses on in vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of Acacia auriculiformis tested on Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli, and fungus.Methods: Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of A. auriculiformis were prepared. Agar well diffusion was the method for antimicrobial susceptibility. Freshly grown standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) , Escherchia coli (E.coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans (C. ailbicans), and MDR E. coli, and MDR Klebsiella pnuemoniae were used. Ampicillin disc (10 μg) was used as control.Results: The zone of inhibition was measured to determine the antimicrobial activity. Ethanolic extract of A. auriculiformis exhibited antibacterial activity against all the strains including MDR strains of K. pneumoniae and E. coli. Antifungal activity was exhibited by both aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of A. auriculiformis.Conclusion: Ethanol extract could be used against MDR K. pneumoniae and MDR E. coli. Similarly, aqueous and ethanol extract can be the drug of choice for C. albicans infection. Further study is necessary to evaluate the accurate compound responsible for antibacterial and antifungal activity for pharmaceutical applications.
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Alhassan, Kamalu Abdullahi, Aisha Shuaibu Indabawa, and M. Manjur Shah. "Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and antibacterial activities of Ziziphus Species (Z. jujube and Z. spina christi)." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.262.
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Despite tremendous progress in human medicines infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are still a major threat to public health. Their impact is particularly large in developing countries due to relative unavailability of medicines and emergence of widespread drugs resistance (Zampini 2009).The aim and objectives of this research work was designed to carried out the Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the Ziziphus jujube and Ziziphus spina christi leaves against clinical bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphloccoccus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) as they were found out that since ancient times to date, they are used in treating various antimicrobial, ailmentand disorders etc. The results of the research shows that, the effect of antibacterial activities of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujube (e extract conc. aqueous; F=119.37, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=1.00 and extract conc. ethanol; F=15.74, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=0.59) are reciprocal proportional to their counterpart, Ziziphus spina-christi (extract conc. aqueous; F=54.96, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=0.94 and extract conc. ethanol; F=81.11, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=1.37). In sum, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ziziphus jujube shows that, the aqueous extract has M.I.C at range of 11.7 to 8.7mg/ml on all tested bacteria but the ethanolic extract has M.I.C of 14.8 to 8.2mg/ml range on E.coli, Klepsiella spp and S. aureus. While, the minimum inhibitory concentraton of Ziziphus spina-christi shows that the M.I.C of aqueous extract range of 12.8 to 8.3mg/ml on E. coli, Klepsiella spp and S.aureus. But, Ziziphus spina-christi M.I.C of ethanolic extract is 13.5 to 8.8mg/ml on all the tested bacteria. In sum, Zizuphus spina-christi has lower nutritional content and low MIC ethanolic extract than that of Ziziphus jujube.
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Jyoti, Sarjalia, and Singune Shantilal. "Studies on Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Flowers of Cassia fistula Linn. in Mice and Rat." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 8, no. 4 (2023): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2023.v08i04.005.
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The investigations of Cassia fistula flowers extracts were studied against experimentally anti-inflammatory activity studies and work demonstrates that ethanolic extract and aqueous extract of flowers of Cassia fistula has anti-inflammation activity in mice and rat by carrageenan-induced inflammation and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. From the above observations we can conclude that ethanolic extracts and aqueous extracts flowers of Cassia fistula anti-inflammatory activity at both the dose level which is comparable with the standard. The ethanol extract of Cassia fistula (200mg/kg), markedly increased the percentage of average mean increased in paw volume and weight in cotton pellet by the animals. The anti-inflammatory effect of both the doses (150-200 mg/kg in mice and 200-250 mg/kg in rat) showed significant activity and being that (200 mg/kg) showed higher activity. The inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract and aqueous extract of Cassia Fistula may be attributed to any of or combination of chemicals present in the extract. Further studies are required to identify the active phytoconstituents responsible for the observed inflammatory effect of ethanol extract and aqueous extract. It is suggested and assumed that a further exploration of the present research work is needed to come up with an active anti-inflammatory.
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Zakavi, Faramarz, Leila Golpasand Hagh, Arash Daraeighadikolaei, Ahmad Farajzadeh Sheikh, Arsham Daraeighadikolaei, and Zahra Leilavi Shooshtari. "Antibacterial Effect of Juglans Regia Bark against Oral Pathologic Bacteria." International Journal of Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/854765.
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Background. In this study antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Juglans regia bark in Iran was evaluated on four different oral bacteria,Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus salivarius,Streptococcus sanguis, andStaphylococcus aureus.Methods. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Juglans regia bark were prepared by using disk diffusion technique and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Tetracycline 30 μg and Erythromycin 15 μg were used as positive control and water as negative control in disk diffusion and MIC methods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.Results. The results showed thatS. sanguisandS. mutanswere the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria against ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Ethanolic extract had significant antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria. Aqueous extract did not show antibacterial effect onS. mutans, in contrast to ethanolic extract. Aqueous extract had significantly antibacterial effect againstStaphylococcus aureus,S. salivarius, andS. sanguiscompared to control (P<0.0001), but it did not show effect onS. mutanswhen compared with Erythromycin. According to the obtained MIC values, ethanol extract of Juglans regia bark had the lowest rate.Conclusion. The results may provide the basis for using natural antimicrobial substance for oral hygiene prophylaxis purposes.
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Dhanapal, Venkatachalam*1 Samuel Thavamani B2 Muddukrishniah K3 &. Sukanya Vijayan4. "SCREENING OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA EXTRACTS FOR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY." Indian Journal of Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5, no. 6 (2018): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1291909.
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<strong> Objective: </strong>To investigate the total phenol content, the total flavonoid content and antioxidant properties of Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts of the whole plant of Euphorbia hirta <strong>Methodology:</strong> We determined the total phenolic and flavonoid content by using Folin-Coicalteu assays and Aluminium chloride colorimetric method.. In addition, the antioxidant activity of two extracts was tested by DPPH (1, 1’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay. <strong>Results: </strong>The total phenol contents in aqueous and ethanol extracts were calculated as 277.64±2.46 and 293.74±2.48, mg/g, respectively. Analysis of the phenolic contents in these extracts of Euphorbia hirta have revealed that the ethanolic extract contained the maximum phenolic content in terms of gallic acid equivalents, than aqueous extract. The total flavonoid content in aqueous and ethanol extracts were calculated as 27.37±0.39 QE mg/g and 41.32±1.69 QE mg/g. The flavonoid contents of ethanol extract had the higher amount of flavonoid contents than aqueous extract. The antioxidant activity of two extracts was tested by DPPH (1,1’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay . From this result it states that ethanolic extract has a strong percentage of inhibition with lower IC50 value than aqueous extract. These results indicate that there was a direct correlation between total phenol and antioxidant activity. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The result concludes that the whole plant of Euphorbia hirta posses antioxidant activity.
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Mohan, Brij, and Arun Kakkar. "Evaluation of phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in leaves, stem and roots of Solanum indicum Linn." Environment Conservation Journal 21, no. 1&2 (2020): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2020.211221.
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The present investigation deals with the evaluation of phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in leaves, stem and roots of Solanum indicum. Powdered samples of leaves, stem and roots were subjected to successive extraction with solvents of increasing polarities i.e. Ethanol, Water: Ethanol (Aqua- alcoholic) (20: 80) and Water (aqueous) using soxhlet apparatus. The results showed the maximum phenolic content (12.351±0.03%) in Aqua- alcoholic (80: 20) extract and maximum flavonoid content (38.658±0.05%) in ethanolic extract of leaves. For stem, both the maximum phenolic (11.750±0.02%) and flavonoid (2.040±0.03%) contents was found in Aqua- alcoholic (80: 20) extract. Similarly, the maximum phenolic (18.651±0.03%) and flavonoid (2.701±0.05%) contents was found in ethanolic extract of roots. The Aqua- alcoholic (80: 20) extracts for leaves and stem and ethanolic extract for roots was found to contain the maximum antioxidant activity.
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Husori, Dadang Irfan, Marianne Marianne, Nabila Deli Syafarina Lubis, Kurnia Lavinda Yusfa, and Intan Farah Diba Angela. "Evaluation of Gastroprotective Effect from Phaleria macrocarpa Fruits Extract on Gastric Ulcer in Male Wistar Rats." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (2022): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8242.
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Abstract
 
 BACKGROUND: The long-term use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) triggers gastric mucosal damage and causes ulcers. Meanwhile, studies showed that God's crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids and tannins that can protect the gastric mucosa.
 AIM: This study aims to determine the gastroprotective effect of P. macrocarpa ethanolic extracts against gastric ulcers in rats induced with acetosal and ethanol. The extracts were obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent.
 METHODS: The male rats used were divided into 7 groups for each test with ethanol and acetosal induction. Each group consisted of 5 rats, namely normal control, induction, carrier, positive control (sucralfate 360 mg/kg BW and omeprazole 3.6 mg/kg BW), and extract doses 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. All groups were given treatment for 7 days except normal and induction controls. On day 6, rats were fasted for 36 hours and induced with acetosal/ethanol. In ethanol induction, the animal was sacrificed after 10 hours of immersion while in acetosal, the animal was sacrificed 6 hours later. The stomach section was taken for macroscopic, microscopic parameters and gastric acid secretion examination.
 RESULTS: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the extract contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and glycosides. In acetosal-induced ulcers, the administration of one dose of the extract reduced the number and score of ulcers, repair epithelial cells, increase pH, and total gastric acidity. Furthermore, the percentage of ulcer inhibition at the extract dose of 400 mg/kg BW was 91.91±3.74% in ethanol induction, and 59±13.08% in acetosal.
 CONCLUSION: The ethanolic extract of P. macrocarpa has a gastroprotective effect on acetosal-induced gastric ulcer rats.
 
 Keywords: Phaleria macrocarpa, Mahkota Dewa fruit, gastroprotective, gastric ulcers, extract
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Veličković, Ivona, Željko Žižak, Nemanja Rajčević, et al. "Examination of the polyphenol content and bioactivities of Prunus spinosa L. fruit extracts." Arch Biol Sci 72, no. 1 (2020): 105–15. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS191217004V.
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We investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the anthocyanin profiles in aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of Prunus spinosa (Rosaceae) fruit, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic and antitumor properties. The contribution of polyphenol contents to the bioactivity of the extracts was calculated and observed through Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. The acetone extract was the richest in phenols and anthocyanins and the ethanol extract in flavonoids. Cyanidin was the most abundant anthocyanin compound in all examined extracts. The ethanol extract showed the most promising antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Tested bacteria were more affected by the ethanol than by the aqueous extract. Both the ethanol and aqueous extracts exhibited potential antidiabetic effects, observed as inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, enzymes linked with diabetes mellitus type II. The ethanol extract was a potent α-glucosidase-inhibitor with a significantly lower IC50 value than the positive control, glucobay, used to treat diabetes mellitus type II. Neither the ethanol nor the aqueous extracts had any effects on tested human malignant cell lines. Our results indicate that the ethanol extract showed the most pronounced in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, and a potential antidiabetic activity, which can be ascribed to its high flavonoid content. Our results indicate that research of compounds, particularly of flavonoids present in the ethanol extract and their anti-diabetic properties should be examined further.
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Purwanto, Rosalie, Jeni Pabontong, Ery Susiany Retnoningtyas, and Wenny Irawaty. "Antimicrobial Activity of Kaffir Lime Peel Extract against Streptococcus mutans." Reaktor 18, no. 04 (2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.04.235-240.
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Kaffir lime peels contain polyphenols as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The aims of this study were to (1) extract phenolics compounds from kaffir lime peels using water, ethanol 70% and ethanol 96% as the solvent, and (2) assess the antibacterial activity of the extract against Streptococcus mutans which is the main cause of dental caries. Research methodology includes preparation and extraction of polyphenols from kaffir lime peels, preparation of mouthwash based-kaffir lime peels extracts and evaluation the mouthwash ability to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The results show water exhibited the best solvent to extract polyphenols among the three solvents. The total phenolics content in the water extract was observed at 11.42±0.48 mg GAE/g, whilst in the two ethanolic extracts were 10.91±0.87 and 8.87±0.53 mg GAE/g for ethanol 70 and 96%, respectively. Consequently, the water-based extract performed the highest antimicrobial activity. The highest inhibition zone was demonstrated by 100% extract of concentration extract variation. Although the inhibition zone of the mouthwash was smaller than the commercial product, the extract has the potential to be developed as a safe mouthwash for long-term usage.
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Manurung, Kesaktian, Jon Kenedy Marpaung, and Mardianis Mardianis. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimumbasilicum L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcusaureus." JURNAL FARMANESIA 8, no. 1 (2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jf.v8i1.2784.
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Basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.) is one of the natural plants that is easily obtained in Asia such as Indonesia which has medicinal properties. Basil leaves contain flavonoid compounds, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. These compounds are known to have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of basil leaves (Ocimumbasilicum L.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research is experimental. The test was carried out through several stages including material collection, preparation of simplicia, making ethanol extract of basil leaves, and testing the inhibitory power of basil leaves against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The ethanol extract of basil leaves was made by the maceration method using 96% ethanol and concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick extract from basil leaves. Antibacterial activity was tested by the agar diffusion method using disc paper. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the ethanolic extract of basil leaves inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at concentrations of extracts of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% with inhibition zone diameters of 8. 31 mm, 9. 43 mm, respectively. 9. 73 mm, 9. 91 mm, and 11. 33 mm. The ethanol extract of basil leaves has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
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T, Elfina Br, Chrismis N. G, Linda C, and I. Nyoman E. L. "Antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene flos ethanol extracts using hydroxyl and nitrite oxide scavenging methods." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8, no. 3 (2020): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i3.739.
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Objective: The purpose of this study were to determine antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene flos ethanol extracts.
 Methods: The ethanol extracts were extracted from the crown of rose and rose base by maceration using ethanol 70% solvent. Antioxidant activity was determined with hydroxyl and nitrite oxide scavenging methods and the IC50analyzed using SPSS 23.
 Results: The IC50of crown rose ethanol extract (CREE) and rose base ethanol extract (RBEE) on hydroxyl and nitrite oxide scavenging were7.61 ± 0.38μg/mL, 17.55 ± 0.37 μg/mL and were 349,57 ±0,35μg/mL, 54.93 ± 4.49 μg/mL.
 Conclusions: The crown of rose ethanol extract (CREE) and rose base ethanol extract (RBEE) has activity as antioxidant.
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Nuralifah, Nuralifah, Parawansah Parawansah, and Hasniana Nur. "Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Air Dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) Terhadap Larva Artemia Salina Leach Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 1, no. 2 (2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.11462.
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A toxicity test is a test to detect the toxic effect of a substance on a biological system and to obtain typical dose-response data from the test preparation. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites from the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, characterization of gardenia leaf extract, and acute toxicity using the BSLT method against Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.Phytochemical screening tests were carried out by the color change method which included the alkaloid test, flavonoid test, tannin test, saponin test, and terpenoid test. Extract characterization tests include determination of water-soluble extract, determination of ethanol-soluble extract, determination of water content, and determination of ash content. Acute toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae.The results of the phytochemical screening test for the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves showed positive results on saponins, while the phytochemical screening tests on ethanol extracts showed positive results on alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The results of the characterization test on the aqueous extract of gardenia leaves were that the ethanol-soluble extract content was 20.19%, the water-soluble extract content was 23.17%, the water content was 99.13% and the ash content was 0.29%. Meanwhile, in the ethanolic extract of gardenia leaves, the ethanol-soluble extract content was 60.80%, the water-soluble extract content was 57.14%, the water content was 7.87% and the ash content was 3.22%. The results show that gardenia leaves are not toxic with the LC50 value of the water extract of the gardenia leaves is 1399.64 g/mL and the LC50 value of the ethanolic extract of the gardenia leaves is 1080.96 so that it can be used as traditional medicine.
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Byeon, Siyul, Jisun Oh, Ji Lim, Jeong Lee, and Jong-Sang Kim. "Protective Effects of Dioscorea batatas Flesh and Peel Extracts against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (2018): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111680.
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Gastric ulcer is a major digestive disorder and provoked by multifactorial etiologies, including excessive alcohol consumption. In this study, we examined the gastroprotective effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD; commonly called Chinese yam) flesh or peel against acidified ethanol-induced acute gastric damage in mice. Our findings demonstrated that oral supplementation of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of DBD flesh or peel before ulcer induction was significantly effective in macroscopically and histologically alleviating ethanol-induced pathological lesions in gastric mucosa, decreasing the plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide and interleukin-6, attenuating the gastric expression of cyclooxygenase-2, and increasing the gastric content of prostaglandin E2. In particular, pretreatment with the flesh extract prepared in 60% ethanol prominently decreased the expression of biomarkers of oxidative stress, including the plasma levels of 8-hydroxy-2-guanosine and malondialdehyde, and restored heme oxygenase-1 expression and superoxide dismutase activity in the stomach. Overall, these findings suggest that the oral supplementation with DBD extract, especially flesh ethanol extract, prior to excessive alcohol consumption, may exert a protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vivo, presumably through the activation of the antioxidant system and suppression of the inflammatory response.
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Song, Seung-Yub, Dae-Hun Park, Ki-Wan An, and Seung-Sik Cho. "Process Optimization Based on Biological Effects and Biomarker Contents of Camellia japonica L. for the Development of Anti-Hyperuricemic and Anti-Wrinkle Source." Separations 9, no. 10 (2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100281.
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The purpose of this study was to simultaneously develop anti-hyperuricemic and anti-wrinkle source using Camellia japonica leaf (CJ). CJ extract was prepared. Its contents of biomarkers and biological activities were then analyzed. First, we investigated the extraction efficiency. The extraction rate was 10% or less with hot water or 80% ethanol. HPLC analysis revealed that CJ extract contained rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, chlorogenic acid (CGA), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and phillygenin. As a result of measuring contents of biomarkers in the extract, CGA was detected in 20, 40, and 60% ethanol extracts. GCG showed the highest content in the hot water extract. Hyperoside and isoquercitrin showed the highest contents in the 80% ethanol extract. Philligenin showed an even content of 0.1% or more in all samples except for 40% ethanol extract. Rutin showed the highest content in 80% ethanol extract. Elastase inhibitory abilities of six extracts and PPRM were investigated at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Results revealed that PPRM and 80% ethanol extract showed about 80% and 62% inhibition, respectively. As a result of comparing elastase inhibitory activities of biomarkers, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and philligenin showed higher activities. Among six extracts, the extract that could be used as an anti-hyperuricemic source was 80% ethanol extract. When xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities of biomarkers were evaluated, rutin and hyperoside showed excellent activities. In particular, when XO activity was measured by mixing rutin and hyperoside with 80% ethanol extract, the same efficacy as 80% ethanol extract was obtained. It was predicted that 80% ethanol extract could be used simultaneously as an anti-hyperuricemic and anti-wrinkle source. Further studies are needed to determine anti-hyperuricemic activities of rutin and hyeproside in vivo.
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Mohamad Shariff, Nurul Fatin Syazleen, Thangam Singgampalam, Chean Hui Ng, and Chin Siang Kue. "Antioxidant activity and zebrafish teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic Moringa oleifera L. leaf extracts." British Food Journal 122, no. 10 (2020): 3129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2020-0113.
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PurposeMoringa oleifera (MO) is a herbal remedy that is rich in essential amino acids and phytochemicals in the leaves, seeds and pods. It is becoming a famous food in various ethnic groups, and the consumption is increasing worldwide. However, there is no safety profile of the hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts, or documented teratogenicity aspect. This study was sought to compare the antioxidant activity and the teratogenicity of hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts in the zebrafish embryo.Design/methodology/approachMO leaves were extracted with aqueous alcohols (ethanol or methanol: water, 80:20 v/v) using the Soxhlet method. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH assay. The concentrations of extracts ranging from 3 to 1,000 µg/mL were used to examine the toxicity and teratogenicity on the zebrafish embryo.FindingsBoth hydroalcoholic MO leaf extracts were positive for alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, quinones and glycosides, except saponins only absent in aqueous methanol extract. The antioxidant capacity based on lC50, was 15.92 ± 3.62 mg/mL for aqueous methanolic and 25.28 ± 2.89 mg/mL for aqueous ethanolic extract. For acute toxicity, the aqueous methanolic extract has lower LC50 (163.87 ± 12.88 µg/mL) compared to aqueous ethanolic extract (337.48 ± 30.04 µg/mL). The embryo treated with aqueous methanolic extract showed phenotypic defect but not on the aqueous ethanolic extract.Originality/valueThis study suggests that aqueous methanol of MO leaves extract has better antioxidant capacity compared to ethanol, and ethanolic leaf extract is safer (higher LC50 and no teratogenicity) than methanolic extract.
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Fahira, Nelsa, Yayuk Putri Rahayu, Haris Munandar Nasution, and M. Pandapotan Nasution. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MATOA (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2023): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v5i1.327.
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Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that plays an important role in the formation of dental caries. One of the plants known to have antibacterial compounds are matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst) family Sapindaceae. The objective of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of matoa leaves ethanolic extract nanoparticles is better than matoa leaves ethanolic extract against S. mutans bacteria. The research method was carried out experimentally. Free variables, namely the concentration of matoa leaf ethanol extract (KEDM 25% ; KEDM 50%; and KEDM 75%) and the concentration of nanoparticles of matoa leaf ethanol extract (KNDM 2.5%; KNDM 5%; and KNDM 7.5%). Bound variables are antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and nanoparticles of matoa leaf ethanol extract against S. mutans bacteria. The nanoparticle size of the extract was characterized using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Test of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and matoa leaf ethanol extract nanoparticles against S. mutans using the diffusion method to Kirby Bauer. The result of the extract nanoparticle size characterization was 324.97 nm. Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) values of antibacterial ethanol extract of matoa leaves against S. mutans were 12.00 mm (KEDM 25%), 12.50 mm (KEDM 50%), and 12.60 mm (KEDM 75%). The antibacterial ZOI values of matoa leaf ethanol extract nanoparticles against S. mutans were 8.00 mm (KNDM 2.5%), 9.06 mm (KNDM 5%), and 10.10 mm (KNDM 7.5%). The conclusion is that ethanol extract of matoa leaves can be used as extract nanoparticles, where the extract nanoparticle concentration of 7.5% already has the ability of antibacterial activity that is close to the concentration of 25% ethanol extract, so that it can be said that the extract nanoparticle preparation can reduce the dose of a drug even though it is in the resistant category compared to Amoxicillin 25 g with the susceptible category.
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Mekena, K. C. Mirabelle, Matchawe Chelea, Jonas Kouamouo, Fabrice Fekam, and Joseph Ngoupayo. "Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Activities, Anti-Haemolytic Activities of Bridelia micrantha." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 6, no. 4 (2019): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13941803.
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Background: The use of plants in our immediate environment in primary health care is a common practice; even the modern medical system uses more than 25% of both plant-based and plant-derived medicines. The more and more, our society is increasingly faced with the emerging of new oxidative stresses-diseases related <em>Bridelia micrantha</em> is traditionally used to treat ulcers, joint pain, eye pain, stomach pain, diarrhea and as an aphrodisiac. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify some secondary metabolites, to evaluate the cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-hemolytic properties of hydroethanolic, ethanol and aqueous extracts of <em>Bridelia micrantha</em> widely used in traditional medicine. Method: The hydroethanolic, ethanol and aqueous extracts of <em>Bridelia micrantha </em>were obtained by maceration in ethanol-water (70/30 v: v), ethanol, and water for 72 hours, then filtered using the No. 4 coffee filter paper before oven-drying at 40 °C. DPPH and iron (III) reduction methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The cytotoxic profile of the extracts was determined by evaluating the inhibition percentage of normal cell growth (Vero cells). Their anti-hemolytic activity was evaluated by the protection percentage of erythrocytes against hemolysis. Results: The extraction yields of the hydroethanolic, ethanol and aqueous extracts were respectively 18.23%, 13.75% and 12.27%. The phytochemical screening based on the modified protocols described by Harborne (1976), Odebeyi and Sofowara (1978), Trease and Evans (1989), and Sofowora, (1993) revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The extracts showed an antioxidant activity usin the DPPH radical scavenging method at CI<sub>50</sub> = 2.420 μg / ml for the aqueous extract, 1.877 μg / ml for the hydroethanolic extract and 4.693 μg / ml for the ethanolic extract. Based on the iron reduction method, the antioxidant activity was shown at concentrations 100, 200 and 400 μg / mL corresponding respectively to the FRAP values 0.55, 1.25 and 1.63 μM for ethanol extract; 0.59, 1.43 and 1.74 for hydroethanolic extract and 0.59, 1.29 and 1.54 for the aqueous extract. In addition, cytotoxicity was exhibited at CC<sub>50 </sub>greater than 1000 μg/mL for the hydroethanolic extract, equal to 381.1 μg/mL for the ethanolic extract and 340.25 μg / mL for the aqueous extract. Finally, the anti-hemolytic activity of concentrations 125 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL% recorded the respective protection percentages 55.6%, 62%, and 70%. Conclusion: These results could be considered as starting point for the applications of this plant in association or not for the treatment of certain diseases.
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Guo, Shanshan, Wenwen Duan, Yaxin Wang, et al. "Component Analysis and Anti-Colorectal Cancer Mechanism via AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway of Sanghuangporus vaninii Extracts." Molecules 27, no. 4 (2022): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041153.
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Sanghuangporus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai (SV) is a major cultivar of Sanghuang, which is well known as an excellent anti-tumour drug and reaches the mainstream market in China. Water, 60% ethanol and 95% ethanol were used to extract the drug, and three kinds of polar extracts were obtained separately. Compared with water extracts and 95% ethanol extracts, the 60% ethanol extract had the highest flavonoid content, and its polysaccharide content was greater than that in the 95% ethanol extract and lower than that in the water extract. Its essential components were phenolics whose majority were phenolic acids, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. This extract has better inhibition effects on the proliferation of SW480 human colon cancer cells, inducing cell apoptosis and blocking G2/M period cells. It can significantly inhibit gene expression and reduce the activation of the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. The anti-cancer activity of the 60% ethanol extract is satisfactory and may be a result of the combined effects of polysaccharides and flavonoids. The data suggest that the 60% ethanol extract can be used as an adjuvant for chemotherapy and as a potential anti-cancer agent with broad development prospects.
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Adaekwu, Orlu Happiness, Ajoko Imomotimi Timipa, and Don-Lawson D. Chioma. "Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Potency of Aspilia africana Leaves and Gardenia jasminoides Root Extracts." Scholars International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 7, no. 10 (2024): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijtcm.2024.v07i10.001.
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The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics has necessitated the search for alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly from plants. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of ethanol and n-hexane extracts of Aspilia africana leaves and Gardenia jasminoides roots. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. The extracts were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis using the disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids in varying concentrations across both plant extracts. The ethanol extract of Aspilia africana exhibited the highest flavonoid content (12.38%), while Gardenia jasminoides roots had a significantly higher tannin concentration (23.68%) in the ethanol extract compared to Aspilia africana (0.12%). Alkaloids and saponins were also abundant in Gardenia jasminoides roots (5.37% and 9.85%, respectively), particularly in the ethanol extract. Both plant extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with the ethanol extracts showing higher potency. The results of the antimicrobial analysis showed that the ethanol extracts of both plants demonstrated greater antimicrobial efficacy, particularly at higher concentrations. Gardenia jasminoides root extract showed inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria at 50mg/l and lower concentrations. Similarly, the n-hexane extract exhibited antibacterial activity, albeit less potent than the ethanol extract. In conclusion, the results indicate that both plant species possess potent antibacterial properties, particularly in ethanol extracts, supporting their traditional use in treating bacterial infections and justifying further research into their medicinal applications.