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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethanol of second generation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Senna, Pedro P., and Stela L. M. Ansanelli. "Second Generation Ethanol - Technological Intensity on the Integrated Cycle." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_004.001_0006.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate Second Generation Ethanol’s (SGE) production cycle in order to understand the level of SGE’s technological intensity in the integrated cycle. The suggested methodology comprises of a review of literature surrounding the requirements and indexes of technological intensity. A wide selection of database and review of specialized literature have been described to demonstrate the proposed discussion and conclusions. It has been observed that SGE puts forward a higher level of technological intensity in relation to First Generation Ethanol (FGE).

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2

M. B., DILÁSCIO, BARBOSA C. M., JARDIM A. T. P. S., DILÁSCIO B. B., SIQUEIRA P. H. L., and DINIZ D. M.ARTINS. "Technological Monitoring of Second Generation Ethanol Patents." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 5553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7198/geintec.v10i3.1441.

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3

Silva, Claudemir Natalino da, Giovana Roberta Francisco Bronzato, Ivana Cesarino, and Alcides Lopes Leão. "Second-generation ethanol from pineapple leaf fibers." Journal of Natural Fibers 17, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1469453.

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4

Bolivar-Telleria, Maria, Cárita Turbay, Luiza Favarato, Tarcio Carneiro, Ronaldo S. de Biasi, A. Alberto R. Fernandes, Alexandre M. C. Santos, and Patricia M. B. Fernandes. "Second-Generation Bioethanol from Coconut Husk." BioMed Research International 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4916497.

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Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is an important commercial crop in many tropical countries, but its industry generates large amounts of residue. One way to address this problem is to use this residue, coconut husk, to produce second-generation (2G) ethanol. The aim of this review is to describe the methods that have been used to produce bioethanol from coconut husk and to suggest ways to improve different steps of the process. The analysis performed in this review determined that alkaline pretreatment is the best choice for its delignification potential. It was also observed that although most reported studies use enzymes to perform hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis is a good alternative. Finally, ethanol production using different microorganisms and fermentation strategies is discussed and the possibility of obtaining other added-value products from coconut husk components by using a biorefinery scheme is addressed.

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Liguori, Rossana, Carlos Soccol, Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe, Adenise Woiciechowski, and Vincenza Faraco. "Second Generation Ethanol Production from Brewers’ Spent Grain." Energies 8, no. 4 (March 31, 2015): 2575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8042575.

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6

Raele, Ricardo, João Mauricio Gama Boaventura, Adalberto Américo Fischmann, and Greici Sarturi. "Scenarios for the second generation ethanol in Brazil." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 87 (September 2014): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.12.010.

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7

Reddy, Belum V. S., A. Ashok Kumar, P. Srinivas Rao, P. Sanjana Reddy, and Michael Blummel. "Brown midrib sorghum for second-generation ethanol production." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.451.

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8

Stephen, James D., Warren E. Mabee, and Jack N. Saddler. "Will second-generation ethanol be able to compete with first-generation ethanol? Opportunities for cost reduction." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 6, no. 2 (November 4, 2011): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.331.

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9

Junior, Nei Pereira, Anelize de Oliveira Moraes, Luiz Felipe Modesto, and Ninoska Isabel Bojorge Ramirez. "Reuse of Residual Biomass of Cellulose Industry for Second Generation Bioethanol Production." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v6i1.4805.

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This study aimed at evaluating the potential of pulp mill residue (PMR) as a feedstock for ethanol production. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process was operated using 8 gL -1 of a commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1 under optimal proportions of cellulase cocktail (24.8 FPU/g cellulose of CellicÂ® CTec2) and cellulosic residue (200 gL -1 ). After 48 hours of pre-hydrolysis at 50ÂºC and 200 rpm, the fermentation was carried out at 37 ÂºC, generating 48.5 gL -1 of ethanol in 10 hours and reaching a conversion efficiency of 53.3% from cellulose to ethanol and a volumetric productivity of 4.8 gL -1 h -1 that is within the range of values of first generation ethanol production (5-8 gL -1 h -1 ). These results showed that the pulp mill residue is an interesting and effective feedstock for the production of ethanol, which can be used for fuel purposes in the own pulp mills.

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10

dos Santos, Leandro Vieira, Maria Carolina de Barros Grassi, Jéssica Carolina Medina Gallardo, Renan Augusto Siqueira Pirolla, Luige Llerena Calderón, Osmar Vaz de Carvalho-Netto, Lucas Salera Parreiras, et al. "Second-Generation Ethanol: The Need is Becoming a Reality." Industrial Biotechnology 12, no. 1 (February 2016): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ind.2015.0017.

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11

Vieira, Ana Carolina, Ligia Linardi Niero Rocha, Márcia Rodrigues Morais Chaves, Ivana Cesarino, and Alcides Lopes Leão. "Production of second-generation ethanol from saccharine sorghum bagasse." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 655, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2017.1360711.

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12

Sandes, L. V. O., W. T. Vieira, A. A. Albuquerque, P. X. O. Bezerra, L. M. O. Ribeiro, S. H. V. Carvalho, J. I. Soletti, and M. D. Bispo. "Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Waste from Second-Generation Ethanol Industry." Sugar Tech 23, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00941-9.

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13

Scully, Sean, and Johann Orlygsson. "Recent Advances in Second Generation Ethanol Production by Thermophilic Bacteria." Energies 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2014): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8010001.

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14

de Azevedo Teixeira, Daniel, Alexandre Soares dos Santos, Lílian Araújo Pantoja, Philipe Luan Brito, and Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa. "Production of Second Generation Ethanol from Water Hyacinth: A Review." Revista Virtual de Química 11, no. 1 (2019): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20190010.

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15

Buck, Michael, and Thomas Senn. "Crop diversity for mixed first and second generation ethanol production." Biofuels 9, no. 3 (December 20, 2016): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2016.1266233.

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16

Dias, Marina O. S., Tassia L. Junqueira, Otávio Cavalett, Marcelo P. Cunha, Charles D. F. Jesus, Paulo E. Mantelatto, Carlos E. V. Rossell, Rubens Maciel Filho, and Antonio Bonomi. "Cogeneration in integrated first and second generation ethanol from sugarcane." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 91, no. 8 (August 2013): 1411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.05.009.

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17

Evangelista, Igor Vieira, Adam Gonçalves Arruda, Larissa Soares de Menezes, Janaína Fischer, and Carla Zanella Guidini. "Physicochemical characterization of agro-industrial residues for second-generation ethanol production." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 13, 2021): e33110817151. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17151.

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Ethanol production from renewable sources, such as lignocellulosic materials, is already underway in several countries. The interest in the technology stems from concerns about global warming and the environmental impacts of solid waste disposal. Moreover, the conversion of agro-industrial wastes into ethanol is a value-adding strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of three lignocellulosic materials— rice straw bran, sugarcane bagasse, and corn peel bran—and determine, on the basis of these analyses, their suitability as feedstocks for second-generation ethanol production. Physicochemical characterization included the determination of particle size, moisture, ash, total solids, water activity, crude fat, protein, total extractives, soluble and insoluble lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, hemicellulose, and total carbohydrates. Rice straw bran is composed of 38.33% cellulose and 19.73% hemicellulose, sugarcane bagasse is composed of 27.09% cellulose and 5.61% hemicellulose, and corn peel bran is composed of 55.75% cellulose and 12.93% hemicellulose. The characterization showed the high concentration of cellulose in the residue of the corn peel bran. The results indicate that the three biomasses are suitable raw materials for biofuel production.

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18

Dias, Marina O. S., Tassia L. Junqueira, Charles D. F. Jesus, Carlos E. V. Rossell, Rubens Maciel Filho, and Antonio Bonomi. "Improving second generation ethanol production through optimization of first generation production process from sugarcane." Energy 43, no. 1 (July 2012): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.034.

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19

Weerasinghe, Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Lakshika Iroshani, Dampe Acharige Tharindu Madusanka, and Pathmalal Marakkale Manage. "Isolation and Identification of Cellulase Producing and Sugar Fermenting Bacteria for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.35527.

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Over the last decades, the negative impacts of fossil fuel on the environment and increasing demand for energy due to the unavoidable depletion of fossil fuels, has transformed the world’s interests towards alternative fuels. In particular, bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass for the transportation sector has been incrementing since the last decade. The bacterial pathway for bioethanol production is a relatively novel concept and the present study focused on the isolation of potential “cellulase-producing” bacteria from cow dung, compost soil, and termite gut and isolating sugar fermenting bacteria from palm wine. To select potential candidates for cellulase enzyme production, primary and secondary assays were conducted using the Gram’s iodine stain in Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) medium and the Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assays, respectively. Durham tube assay and Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the sugar fermenting efficiency of the isolated bacteria. Out of 48 bacterial isolates, 27 showed cellulase activity where Nocardiopsis sp. (S-6) demonstrated the highest extracellular crude enzyme activity of endoglucanase (1.56±0.021 U) and total cellulase activity (0.93±0.012 U). The second-highest extracellular crude enzyme activity of endoglucanase (0.21±0.021 U) and total cellulase activity (0.35±0.021 U) was recorded by Bacillus sp. (T-4). Out of a total of 8 bacterial isolates, Achromobacter sp. (PW-7) was positive for sugar fermentation resulting in 3.07% of ethanol in broth medium at 48 h incubation. The results of the study revealed that Nocardiopsis sp. (S-6) had the highest cellulase enzyme activity. However, the highest ethanol percentage was achieved with by having both Bacillus sp. (T-4) and Achromobacter sp. (PW-7) for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method, as compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) methodologies.

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20

Rodrigues, Plínio R., Mateus F. L. Araújo, Tamarah L. Rocha, Ronnie Von S. Veloso, Lílian A. Pantoja, and Alexandre S. Santos. "Evaluation of buriti endocarp as lignocellulosic substrate for second generation ethanol production." PeerJ 6 (August 2, 2018): e5275. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5275.

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The production of lignocellulosic ethanol is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels; however, this technology still faces many challenges related to the viability of the lignocellulosic alcohol in the market. In this paper the endocarp of buriti fruit was assessed for ethanol production. The fruit endocarp was characterized physically and chemically. Acid and alkaline pre-treatments were optimized by surface response methodology for removal of hemicellulose and lignin from the biomass. Hemicellulose content was reduced by 88% after acid pretreatment. Alkaline pre-treatment reduced the lignin content in the recovered biomass from 11.8% to 4.2% and increased the concentration of the cellulosic fraction to 88.5%. The pre-treated biomass was saccharified by the action of cellulolytic enzymes and, under optimized conditions, was able to produce 110 g of glucose per L of hydrolyzate. Alcoholic fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolyzate performed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in a fermented medium with 4.3% ethanol and a yield of product per substrate (YP/S) of 0.33.

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21

Salvachúa, Davinia, Alicia Prieto, María López-Abelairas, Thelmo Lu-Chau, Ángel T. Martínez, and María Jesús Martínez. "Fungal pretreatment: An alternative in second-generation ethanol from wheat straw." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 16 (August 2011): 7500–7506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.027.

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22

Dias, Marina O. S., Marcelo P. Cunha, Charles D. F. Jesus, George J. M. Rocha, José Geraldo C. Pradella, Carlos E. V. Rossell, Rubens Maciel Filho, and Antonio Bonomi. "Second generation ethanol in Brazil: Can it compete with electricity production?" Bioresource Technology 102, no. 19 (October 2011): 8964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.098.

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23

Ge, Changfeng, Baxter Lansing, and Robert Aldi. "Starch foams containing biomass from the second generation cellulosic ethanol production." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132, no. 18 (January 23, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.41940.

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24

Giordano, D. "Second generation bio-ethanol: M&G and its innovative technology." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.049.

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25

Cannella, David, Catalina Valencia Peroni, and Marco Bravi. "Yeast viability for second generation ethanol production from olive oil wastes." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.411.

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26

Santos, Ricardo B., Trevor Treasure, Ronalds Gonzalez, Richard Phillips, Jung Myoung Lee, Hasan Jameel, and Hou-min Chang. "Impact of hardwood species on production cost of second generation ethanol." Bioresource Technology 117 (August 2012): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.083.

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27

Menegol, Daiane, Roselei Claudete Fontana, Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon, and Marli Camassola. "Second-generation ethanol production from elephant grass at high total solids." Bioresource Technology 211 (July 2016): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.098.

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28

Lemões, Juliana Silva, Claudia Fernanda Lemons e Silva, Sabrina Peres Farias Avila, Cândida Raquel Scherrer Montero, Sérgio Delmar dos Anjos e. Silva, Dimitrios Samios, and Maria do Carmo Ruaro Peralba. "Chemical pretreatment of Arundo donax L. for second-generation ethanol production." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 31 (January 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.10.011.

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29

De Bari, Isabella, Federico Liuzzi, Alfredo Ambrico, and Mario Trupo. "Arundo donax Refining to Second Generation Bioethanol and Furfural." Processes 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121591.

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Biomass-derived sugars are platform molecules that can be converted into a variety of final products. Non-food, lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as agroforest residues and low inputs, high yield crops, are attractive bioresources for the production of second-generation sugars. Biorefining schemes based on the use of versatile technologies that operate at mild conditions contribute to the sustainability of the bio-based products. The present work describes the conversion of giant reed (Arundo donax), a non-food crop, to ethanol and furfural (FA). A sulphuric-acid-catalyzed steam explosion was used for the biomass pretreatment and fractionation. A hybrid process was optimized for the hydrolysis and fermentation (HSSF) of C6 sugars at high gravity conditions consisting of a biomass pre-liquefaction followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with a step-wise temperature program and multiple inoculations. Hemicellulose derived xylose was dehydrated to furfural on the solid acid catalyst in biphasic media irradiated by microwave energy. The results indicate that the optimized HSSF process produced ethanol titers in the range 43–51 g/L depending on the enzymatic dosage, about 13–21 g/L higher than unoptimized conditions. An optimal liquefaction time before saccharification and fermentation tests (SSF) was 10 h by using 34 filter paper unit (FPU)/g glucan of Cellic® CTec3. C5 streams yielded 33.5% FA of the theoretical value after 10 min of microwave heating at 157 °C and a catalyst concentration of 14 meq per g of xylose.

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30

Ntaikou, Ioanna, Georgia Antonopoulou, and Gerasimos Lyberatos. "Sustainable Second-Generation Bioethanol Production from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Domestic Food Waste Using Pichia anomala as Biocatalyst." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010259.

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In the current study, a domestic food waste containing more than 50% of carbohydrates was assessed as feedstock to produce second-generation bioethanol. Aiming to the maximum exploitation of the carbohydrate fraction of the waste, its hydrolysis via cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymatic blends was investigated and the saccharification efficiency was assessed in each case. Fermentation experiments were performed using the non-conventional yeast Pichia anomala (Wickerhamomyces anomalus) under both separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) modes to evaluate the conversion efficiencies and ethanol yields for different enzymatic loadings. It was shown that the fermentation efficiency of the yeast was not affected by the fermentation mode and was high for all handlings, reaching 83%, whereas the enzymatic blend containing the highest amount of both cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes led to almost complete liquefaction of the waste, resulting also in ethanol yields reaching 141.06 ± 6.81 g ethanol/kg waste (0.40 ± 0.03 g ethanol/g consumed carbohydrates). In the sequel, a scale-up fermentation experiment was performed with the highest loading of enzymes in SHF mode, from which the maximum specific growth rate, μmax, and the biomass yield, Yx/s, of the yeast from the hydrolyzed waste were estimated. The ethanol yields that were achieved were similar to those of the respective small scale experiments reaching 138.67 ± 5.69 g ethanol/kg waste (0.40 ± 0.01 g ethanol/g consumed carbohydrates).

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31

Jordan, Douglas B., Michael J. Bowman, Jay D. Braker, Bruce S. Dien, Ronald E. Hector, Charles C. Lee, Jeffrey A. Mertens, and Kurt Wagschal. "Plant cell walls to ethanol." Biochemical Journal 442, no. 2 (February 13, 2012): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20111922.

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Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol constitutes second generation bioethanol production. The process consists of several steps: biomass selection/genetic modification, physiochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and separation. Ultimately, it is desirable to combine as many of the biochemical steps as possible in a single organism to achieve CBP (consolidated bioprocessing). A commercially ready CBP organism is currently unreported. Production of second generation bioethanol is hindered by economics, particularly in the cost of pretreatment (including waste management and solvent recovery), the cost of saccharification enzymes (particularly exocellulases and endocellulases displaying kcat ~1 s−1 on crystalline cellulose), and the inefficiency of co-fermentation of 5- and 6-carbon monosaccharides (owing in part to redox cofactor imbalances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

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32

Jonker, J. G. G., H. M. Junginger, J. A. Verstegen, T. Lin, L. F. Rodríguez, K. C. Ting, A. P. C. Faaij, and F. van der Hilst. "Supply chain optimization of sugarcane first generation and eucalyptus second generation ethanol production in Brazil." Applied Energy 173 (July 2016): 494–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.069.

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33

González-García, Sara, Carles M. Gasol, Xavier Gabarrell, Joan Rieradevall, Mª Teresa Moreira, and Gumersindo Feijoo. "Environmental aspects of ethanol-based fuels from Brassica carinata: A case study of second generation ethanol." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, no. 9 (December 2009): 2613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.06.004.

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34

Gil, Antonio, and M. Beltran Siñani. "FEASIBILITY TO PRODUCING SECOND GENERATION BIOETHANOL IN BOLIVIA." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 51, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2021.541.

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The bioethanol that is produced worldwide is mostly obtained from agricultural crops such as sugarcane and corn. However, it has negative environmental effects, so the option of producing bioethanol from agricultural waste arises. This work evaluates the feasibility to produce second generation bietanol from oranges residues (peel and bagasse) produced in the province of Chapare, Bolivia. The estimation is carried out from the reducing sugars, determined by the DNS method, individual sugars, determined by HPLC, produced by acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis of the residues. Similarly, the amount of ethanol produced by fermentation of the samples is quantified. Regarding the results obtained, the best alternative in terms of bioethanol production is the enzymatic hydrolysis. An economic and environmental impact evaluation are also included considering the production of bioethanol from real orange residues.

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35

Epplin, Francis M., and Mohua Haque. "Policies to Facilitate Conversion of Millions of Acres to the Production of Biofuel Feedstock." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 43, no. 3 (August 2011): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800004387.

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First-generation grain ethanol biofuel has affected the historical excess capacity problem in U.S. agriculture. Second-generation cellulosic ethanol biofuel has had difficulty achieving cost-competitiveness. Third-generation drop-in biofuels are under development. If lignocellulosic biomass from perennial grasses becomes the feedstock of choice for second- and third-generation biorefineries, an integrated system could evolve in which a biorefinery directly manages feedstock production, harvest, storage, and delivery. Modeling was conducted to determine the potential economic benefits from an integrated system. Relatively low-cost public policies that could be implemented to facilitate economic efficiency are proposed.

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36

Nogueira, Karoline Maria Vieira, Vanessa Mendes, Cláudia Batista Carraro, Iasmin Cartaxo Taveira, Letícia Harumi Oshiquiri, Vijai K. Gupta, and Roberto N. Silva. "Sugar transporters from industrial fungi: Key to improving second-generation ethanol production." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 131 (October 2020): 109991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109991.

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37

Oliveira, T. C. G., K. E. Hanlon, M. A. Interlandi, P. C. Torres-Mayanga, M. A. C. Silvello, D. Lachos-Perez, M. T. Timko, M. A. Rostagno, R. Goldbeck, and T. Forster-Carneiro. "Subcritical water hydrolysis pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse to produce second generation ethanol." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 164 (October 2020): 104916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104916.

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38

Bronzato, Giovana R. F., Victor A. C. A. dos Reis, Jessyca A. Borro, Alcides L. Leão, and Ivana Cesarino. "Second generation ethanol made from coir husk under the biomass Cascade approach." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 693, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2020.1723890.

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39

Montanari Mergel, Carla, Diogo Robl, Zita Maria de Oliveira Gregório, Juan Diego Rojas, Sindélia Freitas Azzoni, and Gabriel Padilla Maldonado. "Bioprospecting lignocellulolytic enzymes from endophytic actinomycetes aiming at second generation ethanol production." New Biotechnology 29 (September 2012): S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.106.

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40

Albernas- Carvajal,, Yailet, Gabriela Corsano,, Marlén Morales-Zamora,, Meilyn González-Cortés,, Ronaldo Santos-Herrero, and Erenio González-Suárez. "Optimal design for an ethanol plant combining first and second-generation technologies." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 5, no. 5 (December 1, 2014): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.35.

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41

Marzialetti, Teresita, Juan Pablo Salazar, Constanza Ocampos, Richard Chandra, Pablo Chung, Jack Saddler, and Carolina Parra. "Second-generation ethanol in Chile: optimisation of the autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2014): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-014-0114-x.

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42

González-García, Sara, Lin Luo, Mª Teresa Moreira, Gumersindo Feijoo, and Gjalt Huppes. "Life cycle assessment of hemp hurds use in second generation ethanol production." Biomass and Bioenergy 36 (January 2012): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.041.

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43

Savy, Davide, and Alessandro Piccolo. "Physical–chemical characteristics of lignins separated from biomasses for second-generation ethanol." Biomass and Bioenergy 62 (March 2014): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.016.

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Lemons e Silva, Claudia Fernanda, Manoel Artigas Schirmer, Roberto Nobuyuki Maeda, Carolina Araújo Barcelos, and Nei Pereira. "Potential of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) for second generation ethanol production." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 1 (January 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.11.002.

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Ruchala, Justyna, Olena O. Kurylenko, Kostyantyn V. Dmytruk, and Andriy A. Sibirny. "Construction of advanced producers of first- and second-generation ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected species of non-conventional yeasts (Scheffersomyces stipitis, Ogataea polymorpha)." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 47, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-019-02242-x.

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Abstract This review summarizes progress in the construction of efficient yeast ethanol producers from glucose/sucrose and lignocellulose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the major industrial producer of first-generation ethanol. The different approaches to increase ethanol yield and productivity from glucose in S. cerevisiae are described. Construction of the producers of second-generation ethanol is described for S. cerevisiae, one of the best natural xylose fermenters, Scheffersomyces stipitis and the most thermotolerant yeast known Ogataea polymorpha. Each of these organisms has some advantages and drawbacks. S. cerevisiae is the primary industrial ethanol producer and is the most ethanol tolerant natural yeast known and, however, cannot metabolize xylose. S. stipitis can effectively ferment both glucose and xylose and, however, has low ethanol tolerance and requires oxygen for growth. O. polymorpha grows and ferments at high temperatures and, however, produces very low amounts of ethanol from xylose. Review describes how the mentioned drawbacks could be overcome.

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Martins, Danielle Da Silveira dos Santos, Elcio Ribeiro Borges, Viviane Castelo Branco Reis, Fernando Araripe GonÃ§alves Torres, and Nei Pereira Jr. "METABOLIC ADAPTATION STRATEGY USING Zymomonas mobilis CP4 CELLS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SECOND GENERATION ETHANOL." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v5i1.4854.

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During the past few decades, considerable effort has been made to utilize agricultural and forest residues as biomass feedstock for the production of bioethanol as an alternative fuel. The bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was shown to be extremely attractive for the production of second-generation ethanol from glucose of the cellulose fraction due to its ability to uptake high amounts of this sugar, resulting in high ethanol productivity values. However, the wild-type strains are unable to metabolize xylose that arises from the hemicellulose fraction. Molecular biology techniques were incorporated to render the strain used in this study capable of fermenting xylose into ethanol and thus increase the efficiency of second-generation ethanol production. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a recombinant strain of Z. mobilis in simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) processes, in which the fermentation of both sugars (glucose and xylose) occurs in one step. Regarding the genetic transformation,the 1,565 kb Z. mobilis plasmid pZMO1 was chemically synthesized and cloned into a synthetic vector that contains the E. coli and Z. mobilis replication checkmark origin,the XI, XK, TAL, and TKL genes and tetracycline resistance. Metabolic adaptation was performed by transferring the recombinant strain to media containing increased xylose concentrations. Then, an experimental response surface methodology was used to evaluatethe addition of glucose and xylose with different concentrations, as well as the incorporation of hemicellulosic hydrolyzate in different proportions. The recombinant Z. mobilis CP4 strain reached 25 g/L ethanol, confirming that approximately 50% of this pentose was consumed in the SSCF process when using 30% solids, 20.5% hemicellulose hydrolysate, 10 mg/L tetracycline, an enzyme load of 25 FPU/g cellulignin, and 10% of the initial inoculum.Â

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Albarelli, Juliana Q., Adriano V. Ensinas, and Maria A. Silva. "A New Proposal of Cellulosic Ethanol to Boost Sugarcane Biorefineries: Techno-Economic Evaluation." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/537408.

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Commercial simulator Aspen Plus was used to simulate a biorefinery producing ethanol from sugarcane juice and second generation ethanol production using bagasse fine fraction composed of parenchyma cells (P-fraction). Liquid hot water and steam explosion pretreatment technologies were evaluated. The processes were thermal and water integrated and compared to a biorefinery producing ethanol from juice and sugarcane bagasse. The results indicated that after thermal and water integration, the evaluated processes were self-sufficient in energy demand, being able to sell the surplus electricity to the grid, and presented water intake inside the environmental limit for São Paulo State, Brazil. The processes that evaluated the use of the bagasse fine fraction presented higher economic results compared with the use of the entire bagasse. Even though, due to the high enzyme costs, the payback calculated for the biorefineries were higher than 8 years for all cases that considered second generation ethanol and the net present value for the investment was negative. The reduction on the enzyme load, in a way that the conversion rates could be maintained, is the limiting factor to make second generation ethanol competitive with the most immediate uses of bagasse: fuel for the cogeneration system to surplus electricity production.

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Mendieta, Carolina Mónica, Rocío Elizabet Cardozo, Fernando Esteban Felissia, Nicolás Martín Clauser, María Evangelina Vallejos, and María Cristina Area. "Bioconversion of wood waste to bio-ethylene: A review." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 4411–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.mendieta.

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Bio-based ethylene produced by bioethanol dehydration is an environmentally friendly substitute for oil-based ethylene. It is a low-pollution raw material that can be used to produce high-value bio-based materials. Currently, some industrial plants use first-generation (1G) bioethanol to produce bio-ethylene. However, second-generation (2G) bioethanol is not currently used to produce bio-ethylene because the manufacturing processes are not optimized. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bio-ethylene involves pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, the fermentation of sugars to ethanol, ethanol recovery by distillation, and ethanol dehydration to ethylene. This work presents a review of second-generation (2G) bio-ethylene production, analyzing the stages of the process, possible derivatives, uses, and applications. This review also contains technical, economic, and environmental considerations in the possible installation of a biorefinery in the northeast region of Argentina (NEA).

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Vaz, Fernanda Leitão, Raquel de Fátima Rodrigues de Souza, Emmanuel Damilano Dutra, Bárbara Ribeiro Alves Alencar, and Esteban Espinosa Vidal. "Valorization of Sugar-Ethanol Industry Waste Vinasse for Increased Second-Generation Ethanol Production Using Spathaspora passalidarum Yeast Strains." Sugar Tech 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-018-0691-2.

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Zuliani, Luca, Annabel Serpico, Mario De Simone, Nicola Frison, and Salvatore Fusco. "Biorefinery Gets Hot: Thermophilic Enzymes and Microorganisms for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091583.

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To mitigate the current global energy and the environmental crisis, biofuels such as bioethanol have progressively gained attention from both scientific and industrial perspectives. However, at present, commercialized bioethanol is mainly derived from edible crops, thus raising serious concerns given its competition with feed production. For this reason, lignocellulosic biomasses (LCBs) have been recognized as important alternatives for bioethanol production. Because LCBs supply is sustainable, abundant, widespread, and cheap, LCBs-derived bioethanol currently represents one of the most viable solutions to meet the global demand for liquid fuel. However, the cost-effective conversion of LCBs into ethanol remains a challenge and its implementation has been hampered by several bottlenecks that must still be tackled. Among other factors related to the challenging and variable nature of LCBs, we highlight: (i) energy-demanding pretreatments, (ii) expensive hydrolytic enzyme blends, and (iii) the need for microorganisms that can ferment mixed sugars. In this regard, thermophiles represent valuable tools to overcome some of these limitations. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies involved, such as the use of thermophilic enzymes and microorganisms in industrial-relevant conditions, and to propose possible means to implement thermophiles into second-generation ethanol biorefineries that are already in operation.

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