Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ethanol precipitation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ethanol precipitation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethanol precipitation"

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Fregel, Rosa, Ana González, and Vicente M. Cabrera. "Improved ethanol precipitation of DNA." ELECTROPHORESIS 31, no. 8 (April 2010): 1350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200900721.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Precipitation of DNA with Ethanol." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2016, no. 12 (December 2016): pdb.prot093377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot093377.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Precipitation of RNA with Ethanol." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2020, no. 3 (March 2020): pdb.prot101717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101717.

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Li, Li. "Study on Extraction Technology for Polysaccharide from Blood-supplementing Angelica Sinensis Decoction." Journal of Advances in Medicine Science 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jams.v1i1.25.

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Purpose:Optimize water-alcohol technology for extracting polysaccharide from blood-supplementing angelica sinensis decoction to improve the extraction rate. Method:Draw the standard curve of glucose reference substance and build the regression equation to calculate the polysaccharide content. Investigate the effect of water addition times, extraction duration, extraction times, ethanol concentration for ethanol precipitation and times of ethanol precipitation on the extraction rate of polysaccharide. Result Add 8 times the medicinal material quality of water, and perform 2 extractions for 120min each time; it shows that conducting 2 ethanol precipitations with 80% ethanol concentration results in the maximum polysaccharide content, indicating the best extraction condition. Conclusion:The experiment establishes an easy and convenient water-alcohol method for extracting polysaccharide from blood-supplementing angelica sinensis decoction, and lays a research foundation on pharmacodynamics of polysaccharide in blood-supplementing angelica sinensis decoction.
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Sen, Dwaipayan, Aaron Gosling, Geoff W. Stevens, Prashant K. Bhattacharya, Andrew R. Barber, Sandra E. Kentish, Chiranjib Bhattacharjee, and Sally L. Gras. "Galactosyl oligosaccharide purification by ethanol precipitation." Food Chemistry 128, no. 3 (October 2011): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.076.

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Taskila, Sanna, Mikko Ahokas, Juho Järvinen, Juho Toivanen, and Juha P. Tanskanen. "Concentration and Separation of Active Proteins from Potato Industry Waste Based on Low-Temperature Evaporation and Ethanol Precipitation." Scientifica 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5120947.

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Purpose. Potato fruit juice, a residue of starch industry, contains up to 2.5% [w/w] of proteins that are potentially valuable raw-materials of food, cosmetic, and pharma industries. The recovery of protein from the potato fruit juice is limited by the lack of industrially feasible concentration and separation technologies. The present research thus aimed at development of such process for the separation of active protease inhibitors from potato fruit juice.Methods. Low temperature mechanical vapor recompression evaporation was applied for concentration of potato fruit juice followed by ethanol precipitation for recovery of active proteins. The effects of precipitation temperature and precipitative agents were investigated employing response surface modeling methodology.Results. Concentration of potato fruit juice by evaporation was successful without loss of trypsin inhibition activity. Precipitation using 6.5 M ethanol at low temperature (0–+4°C) was found suitable for the recovery of active protease inhibitors from the concentrate. Piloting at starch industry yielded 50% of total proteins, with a high quantity of active protease inhibitors and a minor inclusion of other proteins.Conclusion. Concentration by low-temperature evaporation, followed by ethanol precipitation of protease inhibitors at optimized temperature, is an attractive option for valorization of potato fruit juice.
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Sarmphim, Pharunee, Pongsakorn Jantaratana, and Chitnarong Sirisathitkul. "Size-Selective Precipitation and Aggregate Reduction of FePt-Based Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (July 17, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3248051.

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Magnetic nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution are desirable for applications in ultra-high density data storage and biomedicine. In this work, the size-selective precipitation and aggregate reduction were combined to classify superparamagnetic iron platinum- (FePt-) based nanoparticles. The size-selective precipitation was implemented with the variation in the amount of ethanol. In the first condition, the ratio of ethanol-to-nanosuspension of 3 : 4 was used in the precipitation twice. By contrast, the second condition employed the ratios of ethanol-to-nanosuspension of 4 : 4 in the first precipitation and 5 : 4 in the second precipitation. The first precipitation successfully sorted out the aggregated particles, and the second precipitation collected particles with a narrow size distribution. The increase in ethanol enhanced the monodispersity of nanoparticles as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and size distribution curves. In addition, large aggregated by-products from the precipitation stage were sonicated with the addition of surfactants. The increase in ultrasonic power reduces the aggregation, but the longer sonication led to an uneven distribution.
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Marques, Rodrigo F. C., Cécile Garcia, Pierre Lecante, Sidney J. L. Ribeiro, Laure Noé, Nuno J. O. Silva, Vítor S. Amaral, Angel Millán, and Marc Verelst. "Electro-precipitation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in ethanol." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 320, no. 19 (October 2008): 2311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.165.

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Svaren, John, Sanae Inagami, Edith Lovegren, and Roger Chalkley. "DNA denatures upon drying after ethanol precipitation." Nucleic Acids Research 15, no. 21 (1987): 8739–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.21.8739.

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Cortez, Ely V., Adalberto Pessoa, and Adilson N. Assis. "Xylanase recovery by ethanol and Na2SO4 precipitation." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 70-72, no. 1 (March 1998): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02920177.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethanol precipitation"

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Fagundes, Hubel Camila. "A nexus in crisis: How Brazil’s push for energy security through sugarcane-based ethanol is affecting its water security." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412392.

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As reliance on energy and water resources grow, so do the concerns regarding their security, especially in terms of availability. A projected rise in population, accompanied by the relentless pursuit of economic growth and increasing climate change, indicate that greater stress will be placed on these same resources. Biofuels are considered to be a viable alternative to fossil fuels and sugarcane-based ethanol has become an important source for energy security in Brazil, its main producer. At the same time, water scarcity issues have prompted the Brazilian government to compose its first National Plan for Water Security. Research shows that change in land use, a prevalent factor in the production of biofuels, can greatly impact water resources through evapotranspiration, suggesting the possibility of the existence of a link between the two events. This study aimed to investigate this phenomenon by assessing how Brazil’s push for energy security through the production of sugarcane-based ethanol could be affecting its water security. The state of Sao Paulo and the lower Cerrado, including the states of Goias, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso do Sul, were selected as units of analysis since they comprise the largest production area in the country and are located within the La Plata Basin, where water issues have been experienced in the recent past. Results showed impressive increases over the past four decades in the amount of sugarcane and ethanol produced, as well as in the expansion of land used to cultivate sugarcane in both cases. Furthermore, the results disclosed an increasing trend in precipitation deficit for both regions. The discussion revealed that the direct land use change engendered by the expansion of sugarcane cultivation for ethanol cannot be linked to the decrease in availability of rainwater since it did not negatively impact moisture recycling. Indirect deforestation caused by the displacement of pastureland was, however, determined to have contributed to reduced rates of evapotranspiration, negatively impacting continental moisture recycling, which is imperative for levels of rainfall in the La Plata Basin. The study concludes that the increased production of sugarcane-based ethanol in Sao Paulo and in the lower Cerrado, aimed to ensure energy security for Brazil, is negatively affecting its water security through reduced rates of precipitation associated with indirect land use change. More generally, this conclusion provides insights into the energy-water nexus and a better understanding of critical tradeoffs and potentially irreversible risks that can come with isolated solutions to issues pertaining to larger, complex systems. Finally, it stresses the importance of a nexus approach for sustainable development.
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Zeitoun, Rawan. "Procédés de fractionnement de la matière végétale : application à la production des polysaccharides du son et de la paille de blé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0017/document.

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Le son et la paille de blé, riches en hémicelluloses, sont deux co-produits de la récolte de blé, abondants et renouvelables, mais qui restent à mieux valoriser. Dans le but d'extraire ces hémicelluloses, possédant plusieurs propriétés intéressantes (filmogènes, épaississantes, émulsifiantes, stabilisantes…), un procédé de fractionnement a été élaboré. Ce procédé consiste, après extraction alcaline, en la purification des extraits hémicellulosiques obtenus. Deux techniques ont été appliquées : l'ultrafiltration et la chromatographie sur résine échangeuse d'anions. L'ultrafiltration a permis de concentrer les extraits d'hémicelluloses et de les purifier en éliminant dans le perméat la plupart des molécules contaminantes, essentiellement les sucres libres et les sels minéraux. Les principales limitations de cette étape étaient la viscosité des extraits et les phénomènes de polarisation de concentration et de colmatage des membranes. La percolation sur résine, quant à elle, a permis de décolorer les extraits et de produire des poudres d'hémicelluloses plus claires en fixant certaines molécules colorées telles que les molécules possédant des groupements phénoliques. La combinaison des deux techniques a permis de produire des hémicelluloses pures à 60%. L'extrapolation du procédé à l'échelle pilote par l'utilisation d'un extrudeur bi-vis a permis d'obtenir des poudres d'hémicelluloses pures à 40%
Wheat bran and wheat straw are two by-products abundant and renewable, rich in hemicelluloses, but still not well valued. In order to extract these hemicelluloses characterized by their several interesting properties (film-forming, thickening, emulsifying, stabilizing…), a fractionation process was developed. This process consisted, after alkaline extraction, to purify the hemicellulosic extracts obtained. Two techniques were used: ultrafiltration and chromatography on anion exchange resin. The ultrafiltration allowed to concentrate the extracts and to purify them by removing in the permeate, the contaminating molecules, mostly free sugars and minerals. The main limiting factors of this stage were the extracts viscosity and the fouling of the membranes. The percolation on the resin discoloured the extracts and allowed to produce hemicellulosic powders with lighter colours and that by capturing the coloured compounds such as molecules with phenolic groups. The combination of the two techniques allowed the production of purified hemicelluloses; the purity was about 60%. The extrapolation of the process at a pilot scale using a twin-screw extruder allowed to obtain hemicelluloses with a purity of 40%
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Chornick, Tricia Laini. "Effect of cultivar and sequential ethanol precipitation on the physicochemical properties of flaxseed mucilage." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19583.

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WANG, MEI-CHING, and 王美清. "Purification of hen egg white lysozyme by ethanol precipitation treatment in combination with various cation exchange methhods." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76904816605510759423.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
86
Hen egg white is the main source for commercial production of lysozyme, which can spilt the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, lysozyme has been broadly used in food and pharmaceutical industry as preservative or antimicrobial agent. In this study, hen egg white lysozyme was purified by using κ- carrageenan and the alcohol-insoluble solids（AIS） prepared from farm product wastes in combination with ethanol precipitation treatment, in order to establish the optimum conditions for its purificat . The purpose of this study was to provide a more economical, simple and convenient procedure for lysozyme purification on the one hand, and to promote the reuse of farm product wastes on the other. This study had established the optimum conditions of ethanol precipitation treatment of egg white lysozyme as follows: egg white was 3-fold diluted with 0.05~0.1M NaCl solution and then subjected to 30% ethanol precipitation at pH 4.0 for 5~8 hr to remove other egg white proteins. A 9 to 15-fold purification and 70~90% recovery of lysozyme were achieved. This result demonstrated that ethanol precipitation treatment is effective for the primary purification of hen egg white lysozyme. A column packed with cross-linked AIS（CL-AIS） prepared from pea pod shell could be used to chromatographically purify lysozyme directly from diluted egg white solution with an achievement of 38-fold purification and 55% recovery. This achievement is similar to the result of lysozyme purification by chromatography with a commercial ion exchanger SEPRASORB, which was chosen for comparison in this study. Besides, the CL- AIS column could also be used for further purification of the partially purified lysozym olution after ethanol precipitation treatment, and a product with 69-fold purification and 72% recovery was obtained. The addition of 0.2% κ-carrageenan to an egg white solution 3-fold diluted with distilled water to absorb lysozyme, coupled with the use of 0.5M NaCl to elute the absorbed enzyme, resulted in 6 to 17-fold purification and 70~90% recovery of lysozyme. But the use of κ-carrageenan to the partially purified enzyme solution obtained by ethanol precipitation treatment did not result in further purification of the enzyme. In batch type operation, the addition of 5% AIS to an egg white solution 3-fold diluted w distilled water, or to the supernatant after ethanol precipitation treatment to absorb lysozyme, followed by the use of 0.5M NaCl to elute the absorbed enzyme did not result in acceptable purification and recovery. The use of 0.5M NaCl／0.1 M acetic acid solution in place of 0.5M NaCl as the eluent of lysozyme for AIS, result in 4-fold purification and 74% recovery of lysozyme, which are not yet satisfactory. There was no further purification when applied to the partially purified enzyme solution after ethano l precipitation treatment.
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Cheng, Lin Mei, and 林美成. "Investigate the Structural and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide Fractions Extracted from Xylaria nigripes by Graded Ethanol Precipitation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32106102077230664918.

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碩士
大葉大學
生物科技碩士在職學位學程
103
Xylaria nigripes as a precious medicinal fungus and earlier researches shows that X. nigripes polysaccharide has the ability in antioxidant, improving insomnia, immunomodulatory and other effects. This study was investigate that the antioxidant activity and composition of X. nigripes polysaccharide which separated by ethanol a precipitation. Four main polysaccharide fractions, XN-40, XN-50, XN-60 and XN-80 were purified from fermentation broth cultures of X. nigripes by fractional precipitation with gradient concentrations of ethanol (40%, 50%, 60% and 80%) and the antioxidant activities of different polysaccharide fractions were evaluated by ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging assay in this study.The results indicated thatXN-40has the best effective on antioxidant assay. The IC50 value of ABTS radical scavenging was 699.16 mg/L, and DPPH radical scavenging was 1,300 mg/L, respectively. The FT-IR shows that XN-40 has more functional groups such as β-glycosidic linkage (890 cm-1), O-H bond (1650 cm-1), C-OH bending (1105 cm-1), C-O-C stretching(1047 to 1080 cm-1) which associated with antioxidant activity. Moreover, XN-40 (83.21%) exhibited the highest scavenging effect on ABTS radicals among all samples, followed by XN-60(81.26%), XN-80(75.91%) and XN-50(66.59%) at the concentration of 2,500 µg/mL.Further discussion of antioxidant activity on Human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell in vitro that XN-40 cell viability about 86% that is 0.69 times than XN-80 at 200 µg/mL. Moreover, XN-40 can significantly reduce AAPH-induced ROS generation that is 0.84 times of XN-80 at 200 µg/mL. Comprehensive analysis results indicate that graded ethanol precipitation can effectively separate the polysaccharides which have antioxidant activity, so it can be widely applied in bioindustry. Key Words: Xylaria nigripes, Extracellular polysaccharides, Alcohol precipitates, Anti-oxidation, Component analysis
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Wang, Chung-Huang, and 王鐘凰. "Branched (1,3)-beta-D-Glucans Isolation Using Ethanol Fractional Precipitation, Ultra-filtration and Freeze-thaw Cycle from Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium Liquid Culture." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69298433124968962795.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
94
Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum, a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine ingredient, have been associated with the antitumor, immuno-modulating and hypoglycemic activities of this mushroom. (1,3)-β-D-glucans bearing (1,6)-β-D glucosyl branches has been proved to be the major active component in the hot-water extractable polysaccharides. In this study, we employed ethanol fractional precipitation, ultra-filtration and freeze-thaw cycle techniques to separate the (1,3)-β-D-glucans from broth of mycelium liquid culture of G. lucidum. The separation was based on the properties of the (1,3)-β-D-glucans having larger molecular weight than other polysaccharides and having high tendency to aggregate. A freeze-dried powder containing 3.6% of (1,3)-β-D-glucans was used as raw material for this study. The results indicated that ethanol fractional precipitation adjusting ethanol concentration at 40% was the most efficient way, having 68.3% of recovery, among mentioned methods to purify (1,3)-β-D-glucans from a hot-water extract. The purity of the fractioned polysaccharides was 93.2% on carbohydrate basis. Increasing ethanol concentration increased both recovered quantity of the polysaccharides and the glucans but decreased the content of (1,3)-β-D-glucans. The operations of ultra-filtration using 10 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) hollow fiber membrane and freeze-thaw cycle recovered 73.5% and 34.3% of the (1,3)-β-D-glucans, respectively; the contents of the glucans were 35.3% and 14.1% on carbohydrate basis, respectively. Combination of ultra-filtration and freeze-thaw cycle could significant increase the content of (1,3)-β-D-glucans up to 69.4% with slightly lower recovery, 65.3%.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ethanol precipitation"

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Cortez, Ely V., Adalberto Pessoa, and Adilson N. Assis. "Xylanase Recovery by Ethanol and Na2SO4 Precipitation." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 661–66. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1814-2_60.

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Pandey, Rajeev Kumar, Deepankar Pratap Singh, Godhi Sudhakar, and Vadlamudi Raghavendra Rao. "Ethanol re-precipitation removes PCR inhibitors from Ancient DNA extract." In Antrocom: Journal of Anthropology, edited by Marco Menicocci and Moreno Tiziani, 119–24. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463235413-015.

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Wang, Zhi, Rongguang Xu, Liu Yang, and Zhancheng Guo. "Kinetics of Boehmite Precipitation from Supersaturated Sodium Aluminate Solutions with Ethanol-Water Solvent." In Light Metals 2012, 119–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48179-1_21.

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Wang, Zhi, Rongguang Xu, Liu Yang, and Zhancheng Guo. "Kinetics of Boehmite Precipitation from Supersaturated Sodium Aluminate Solutions with Ethanol-Water Solvent." In Light Metals 2012, 119–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359259.ch21.

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Rolim da Paz, Adriano, Cíntia Uvo, Juan Bravo, Walter Collischonn, and Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha. "Seasonal Precipitation Forecast Based on Artificial Neural Networks." In Computational Methods for Agricultural Research, 326–54. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-871-1.ch016.

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Agriculture is vulnerable to the interannual climate variability and to its unpredictability, in such a way that most agricultural decisions taken within the time horizon of several months are made in a conservative manner, supposing a near-pessimist scenario. The improvement of climate prediction may help the strategic view, mitigating unwanted impacts and taking advantage of favorable conditions. This chapter presents the development of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for seasonal precipitation forecast based on climate indices, focusing on the practical aspects of selecting the best predictors, defining ANN architecture, data handling and ANN training and validation. The study case is the Pardo/Mogi-Guaçu rivers watershed in Brazil, which is characterized by intense sugarcane plantation for both ethanol and sugar industries. The results demonstrate how the methodology for seasonal precipitation forecast based on ANN can be particularly helpful, with the use of available time series of climate indices.
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"Optimization of acid hydrolysis and ethanol precipitation assisted extraction of pectin from navel orange peel." In Advanced Engineering and Technology, 721–26. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16699-111.

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Kanani, Ravi. "Equilibrium modeling and statistical analysis of struvite precipitation for nutrient recovery from corn-ethanol downstream process." In Circular Economy and Sustainability, 463–90. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821664-4.00022-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ethanol precipitation"

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Sari, A. A., S. Setiasih, S. Hudiyono, and E. Saepudin. "Isolation and purification of bromelain from pineapple core (Ananas comosus [L]. Merr) by ammonium sulfate and ethanol precipitation." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2017 (ISCPMS2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064073.

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Min Li and Henmei Ni. "Conductimetry study of the precipitation polymerization of acrylamide and methacrylic acid in ethanol by using V-65 as initiator." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965899.

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Eckhardt, Th, S. Haas, B. Lange, and H. Pfeiffer. "MEASUREMENT OF ELASTASE-INDUCED FIBRINOGEN-DERIVED PEPTIDES IN VITRO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643165.

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Leukocyte elastase (EL) cleaves peptides from the N-terminal fibrinogen (fbg) Aα and B6 chains. The Aα peptide (Aα 1-21) and the as yet unidentified BIB peptide contain thrombin (TB)cleavage sites. As we were interested in fbg proteolysis in sepsis and leukemia, we have tried to measure these peptides (generated by incubating a crude granulocyte extract with fbg) using available fibrinopeptide A (FPA) - und Bß 15-42-antigen-RIA techniques. As the indirect measurement of Aα 1-21 in terms of FPA releasable by TB treatment in vitro (TB-inducible FPA, TIFPA) requires the use of a highly specific anti-FPA-antiserum to avoid cross reaction of Aα 1-21 we tested the specificity of several antisera. Only R2, provided by Dr. J. Owen, proved suitable whereas two commercial antisera measured 6-15% of Aα 1-21 as apparent FPA. Simultaneous recovery of FPA and Aα 1-21 from plasma using R2 was between 80-100% after precipitation of cross-reacting fbg by ethanol, whereas bentonite adsorbed Aα 1-21 and the EL induced BIB peptide. TIFPA was fully recovered after incubation with plasma (37°C, 2 hr) whereas cross-reactivity of Aα 1-21 in the FPA-assay did not increase. EL-induced proteolysis in plasma in terms of TIFPA generation did not occur unless the normal granulocyte-plasma ratio was increased about 300-400 fold. The Bß 15-42 antigen RIA allowed quantitative measurement of the as yet undefined EL-induced Bß peptide, since the "Bß 15-42" concentration measured was equal to the amount of FPB (measured as Bß 1-13) releasable from the EL-induced BIB-peptide by TB. The immunoreactivity of this peptide is stable in plasma and completely recovered after ethanol precipitation. This finding suggests that the EL-induced BIB peptide is longer than Bß 1-4 2 and not susceptible to C-terminal degradation of the Bß41/42 region which is crucial for recognition of the peptide by the antiserum (supported by Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft).
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Grubert, Emily, Carey W. King, and Michael E. Webber. "Water for Biomass-Based Energy on Maui, Hawaii." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63199.

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Biomass-based energy has characteristics that could help Maui Island meet multiple long-term goals, including decreasing reliance on oil for electricity and transportation fuels, increasing use of local resources that do not need to be shipped long distances, and diversifying the island economy beyond tourism by preserving agriculture. Biomass can be used for liquid fuel production and for electricity production. On Maui, sugarcane has been grown at plantation scale for over a century. Accordingly, sugarcane-derived ethanol and combustible sugarcane bagasse have long been of interest as energy sources for the island. State and county level focus on increasing renewable energy utilization on Maui have renewed study of potential crops and available land, with a special emphasis on sugarcane. However, there is some concern about the water requirements associated with biomass-based energy. A primary motivation for using local, renewable energy sources is that Maui is an island with limited resources, fresh water among them: thus, exploring ways to increase energy sustainability without compromising water availability is of interest to many. This work examines the water needs associated with growing sugarcane for ethanol and combustible biomass on Maui Island. Virtually all sugarcane on Maui is irrigated because soil and sunlight resources do not generally coincide with natural precipitation patterns. Growing sugarcane for energy represents a large water demand that is limiting under certain development scenarios on Maui, such as a scenario where environmental streamflows are highly prioritized. By comparing the irrigation demand of Maui’s currently grown sugarcane with published figures for ethanol yield from cane, this work finds that 700 to 1,500 gallons (gal) of irrigation water are needed per gallon of sugarcane-based ethanol (from fermentable sugars and fiber; 0.7 to 1.5 cubic meters, m3, per liter, L). More water is needed for processing. However, combustible waste streams could provide additional energy return per unit of water. This paper discusses how water demand for sugarcane-based energy interacts with other island water demands, given that about 37,000 acres (150 km2) of sugarcane land are potentially available for bioenergy production. Though seawater cannot be successfully directly used for irrigation, sugarcane can tolerate some salinity and other contamination, so this paper also considers brackish water and treated wastewater — for which there is little other demand — as potential irrigation resources. Notably, the range of tolerable water quality expands significantly when sugarcane is not intended for human ingestion or when biomass yield, not sugar content, is targeted (as for cellulosic ethanol or combustible biomass production).
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Grubert, Emily A., and Michael E. Webber. "Water, Energy, and Land Use Planning on Maui Island, Hawaii: Estimating Surface Water Supply." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54332.

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Maui Island in the State of Hawaii faces land use and freshwater allocation challenges associated with a growing population and a changing economic base as plantation agriculture has declined. Debate about whether water should be restored to environmental flows, allocated to new urban development for residents and tourists, or be used to irrigate food or fuel crops has highlighted Maui’s opportunity to make integrated resource decisions that consider land, water, and energy in particular. One major potential water demand on Maui is for irrigation for biofuels crops, such as sugarcane for ethanol. While Maui’s energy system is currently low in water intensity, using irrigated biofuels could increase the need for local water investment in energy systems. This paper aims to characterize surface water supply on Maui in order to draw conclusions about supply adequacy for biofuel irrigation. Narrow-scope empirical equations linking streamflow and precipitation tend to produce more accurate estimates for individual streams: for example, equations based only on northeast Maui streams tend to predict northeast Maui stream flows better than equations based on all of Maui’s streams. However, specific equations do not exist for most regions of Maui. This paper finds that general and specific empirical equations for northeast Maui predict nearly identical aggregate streamflows. Irrigation ditch flow comprises aggregate streamflow from a given region, so it is likely that existing, general equations can predict irrigation ditch flows with acceptable accuracy.
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6

Lecomte, M., and J. M. Boeynaems. "COVALENT BINDING OF CYCLOOXYGENASE AND LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS TO HUMAN PLATELET PROTEINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643397.

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Several studies in acellular systems have shown a covalent binding of eicosanoids to proteins (1). We have therefore investigated whether eicosanoids bind covalently to proteins in intact platelets. After incubation of washed human platelets with 14C-arachidonic acid, ethanol precipitation followed by extractions, a small fraction of the radioactivity (0.3%) was tightly bound to the protein pellet. Four criteria suggest the covalent nature of this binding. The radioactivity remained bound after exhaustive extractions with solvents of various polarities, and was not removed by dialysis against SDS-buffer. 15 labelled protein bands could be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Finally, exhaustive enzymatic hydrolysis of platelet proteins by several proteases liberated an amphipathic radioactive material which had a chromatographic behaviour similar to that of a known peptidolipid, leuko-triene c4 This covalent binding involved products of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways : it was partially inhibited by indomethacin (±40%) and completely abolished by eicosatetraynoic acid. The covalent binding was increased five-fold by dazoxiben, suggesting attachment of prostaglandin endoperoxydes , and by diamide (a glutathione depleting agent) (2) suggesting the involvement of 12-hydro-peroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Dazoxiben and diamide intensified selectively the labelling of distinct protein bands, separated by SDS-PAGE. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the possible physiological significance of this covalent modification.(1) Wilson, A.G.E. et al. Prostaglandins 18: 409-422, 1979.(2) Bryant, R.W. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 257: 14937-14943, 1982
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AGUIAR, A. C. de, F. M. BARRALES, C. A. REZENDE, G. F. BARBERO, and J. MARTÍNEZ. "PRECIPITATION OF CAPSICUM PEPPER ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND POLY(L-LACTIC ACID) BY SUPERCRITICAL CO2 ANTISOLVENT PROCESS." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-0320-26021-177557.

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Porta, R., R. Pescador, R. Niada, M. Mantovani, and G. Prino. "FIBRINOLYTIC POTENCY OF NON ANTICOAGULANT, OXI-EEDUCED SLOW AND FAST MOVING HEPARINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644180.

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It is well known that heparin is able to induce an increase of fibrinolytic activity when i.v. administered in man and in several animal species. Nevertheless, its anticoagulant properties can cause serious problems of bleeding and this restricts the therapeutic use of heparin. An oxi-reductive process applied to heparin leads to a conpound with reduced anticoagulant activity. Moreover, heparin can be separated into slow moving (SM) and fast moving (FM) components on the basis of electrcphoretic properties. The SM and FM components display quantitatively different biological activities. The aim of this paper was to verify if the oxi-reduction could affect or not the fibrinolytic activities of SM and FM. SM and FM, prepared by ethanolic precipitation from parent heparin, were oxidized by periodate and stabilized by reduction (RO-SM and RO-FM). The USP, APTT and anti Xa titres were determined in vitro using sheep plasma and kits from Boehrirger Biochemia (APTT) and Sigpia (Anti Xa). Fibrinolytic activities were assessed ex vivo after i.v. injection into rabbits at different doses to find out the effective dose hundred (ED100). The euglobulin fraction obtained from plasma was applied on human fibrin plates and the lysis areas were measured. The Table gives the resultsThe oxi-reduction decreased dramatically the anticoagulant activities of SM and FM heparins while their fibrinolytic activities were practically unaffected. Tne oxi-reduced heparins could be helpful therapeutic agents in pathological conditions characterized by a diminished fibrinolytic activity. They could represent an effective alternative to heparin; the very lew anticoagulant activities reduce the risk of bleeding, specially in the high risk patients, while the good fibrinolytic activity, comparable to heparin, could allow the dissolution of fibrin clots.
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