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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethanol/water pervaporation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Hu, Michael, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Brian Bischoff, Mi Lu, and Mussie Alemseghed. "Surface-Engineered Inorganic Nanoporous Membranes for Vapor and Pervaporative Separations of Water–Ethanol Mixtures." Membranes 8, no. 4 (October 12, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040095.

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Surface wettability-tailored porous ceramic/metallic membranes (in the tubular and planar disc form) were prepared and studied for both vapor-phase separation and liquid pervaporative separations of water-ethanol mixtures. Superhydrophobic nanoceramic membranes demonstrated more selective permeation of ethanol (relative to water) by cross-flow pervaporation of liquid ethanol–water mixture (10 wt % ethanol feed at 80 °C). In addition, both superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic membranes were tested for the vapor-phase separations of water–ethanol mixtures. Porous inorganic membranes having relatively large nanopores (up to 8-nm) demonstrated good separation selectivity with higher permeation flux through a non-molecular-sieving mechanism. Due to surface-enhanced separation selectivity, larger nanopore-sized membranes (~5–100 nm) can be employed for both pervaporation and vapor phase separations to obtain higher selectivity (e.g., permselectivity for ethanol of 13.9 during pervaporation and a vapor phase separation factor of 1.6), with higher flux due to larger nanopores than the traditional size-exclusion membranes (e.g., inorganic zeolite-based membranes having sub-nanometer pores). The prepared superhydrophobic porous inorganic membranes in this work showed good thermal stability (i.e., the large contact angle remains the same after 300 °C for 4 h) and chemical stability to ethanol, while the silica-textured superhydrophilic surfaced membranes can tolerate even higher temperatures. These surface-engineered metallic/ceramic nanoporous membranes should have better high-temperature tolerance for hot vapor processing than those reported for polymeric membranes.

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2

Zhuang, Liwei, Qingyuan Cao, Fei Liang, Yichao Hu, Weite Su, Xin Wen, Xiao-Hua Ma, and Zhen-Liang Xu. "Exploring distillation-pervaporation hybrid process in a single column using hollow fiber pervaporation composite membranes as structured packing." Materials Express 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2020.1680.

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This study developed a novel strategy for azeotrope separation such as ethanol-water binary system. Distillation-pervaporation hybrid process was employed by using hollow fiber pervaporation composite membranes as structured packing in a single hybrid column rather than using pervaporation as an externally connected unit of the distillation column. The separating limitation of azeotrope challenged in conventional distillation could be readily overcome by continually removing water from the hybrid system via pervaporation. The competition between distillation and pervaporation has been found to be cause of unexpected concentration distribution in the hybrid column. The mass flux of mixture decreased with time whereas the selectivity of water to ethanol first increased then decreased with time. Analysis of this system illustrated that the increase in heating power and membrane area shortened time for obtaining certain content of ethanol in the mixture. However, faster decline in mass flux occurred due to an increase in the removal rate of water. With respect to its simplicity, efficiency and broad applicability, this hybrid process is expected to provide a benchmark for the enhancement of distillation-pervaporation process by hollow fiber membrane packing.

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3

Dobre, Tănase, Claudia Ana Maria Patrichi, Oana Cristina Pârvulescu, and Ali A. Abbas Aljanabi. "Pervaporation of Aqueous Ethanol Solutions through Rigid Composite Polyvinyl-Alcohol/Bacterial Cellulose Membranes." Processes 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030437.

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The paper focuses on synthesis, characterization and testing in ethanol-water separation by pervaporation of new membrane types based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and bacterial cellulose (BC). A technology for obtaining these membranes deposited on a ceramic support is presented in the experimental section. Three PVA-BC composite membranes with different BC content were obtained and characterized by FTIR, SEM and optic microscopy. The effects of operating temperature (40–60 °C), permeate pressure (18.7–37.3 kPa) and feed ethanol concentration (24–72%wt) on total permeate flow rate (0.09–0.23 kg/m2/h) and water/ethanol selectivity (5–23) were studied based on an appropriate experimental plan for each PVA-BC membrane. Statistical models linking the process factors to pervaporation performances were obtained by processing the experimental data. Ethanol concentration of the processed mixture had the highest influence on permeate flow rate, an increase in ethanol concentration leading to a decrease in the permeate flow rate. All 3 process factors and their interactions had positive effects on membrane selectivity. Polynomial regression models were used to assess the effect of BC content in the dried membrane on pervaporation performances. Values of process performances obtained in this study indicate that these membranes could be effective for ethanol-water separation by pervaporation.

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4

Lee, Young Moo, Sang Yong Nam, and Dong Jin Woo. "Pervaporation Performance of β-Chitosan Membrane for Water/Alcohol Mixtures." Journal of Polymer Engineering 18, no. 1-2 (March 1, 1998): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-1998-1-211.

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Abstract Composite membranes made of β-chitosan extracted from squid were prepared and crosslinked with sulfuric acid with various crosslinking times. Dehydration performance of the water/ethanol and water/isopropanol mixtures by pervaporation experiments using β-chitosan composite membranes was investigated. Crosslinking and deacetylation degree of the membrane were confirmed by ATR-FT-IR and elemental analysis (EA), respectively. Pervaporation experiments were investigated under various feed concentrations and temperatures. β-Chitosan showed a higher degree of swelling in water than a-chitosan, resulting in a higher flux of β-Chitosan than that of α-chitosan. β-Chitosan composite membranes showed good dehydration performance in pervaporation of a water/alcohol mixture. For water/ethanol mixtures, separation factor (α) - 270; flux (J) - 700 g/m2hr, for water/isopropanol, α - 150; J -1800 g/m2hr, respectively.

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5

Selim, Asmaa, András József Tóth, Enikő Haáz, Dániel Fózer, and Péter Mizsey. "Pervaporation Performance of Ag-PVA Nanocomposite Membranes: Effect of Operating Temperature." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 1 (September 11, 2019): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.13809.

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The features of pervaporation are continuously improved with the production of more and more efficient membranes. In our present study, silver nanoparticles are in-situ generated in a poly (vinyl alcohol) using solution-casting in order to enhance its capability for pervaporation. The membrane is tested on the case study of ethanol dehydration by pervaporation. Effect of silver content on the pervaporation separation index and the enrichment factor of the membrane at 15 % mass water at 40 °C are reported. Pervaporation data for nanocomposite membranes show around 100 % increase in the water permeance values while the intrinsic selectivity decreases that is typical for pervaporation membranes. The water permeances of original crosslinked PVA membrane and the 2.5 % silver loaded PVA membrane are 26.65 and 70.45 (g/m2.kPa.h), respectively. The values of total flux are closely related to water flux, showing that membranes could be successfully assigned to separate water from ethanol even at the azeotropic point. The influence of temperature on the efficiency of the pervaporation process, permeation parameter and diffusion coefficient of the feed component is also discussed. The negative heat of sorption (∆Hs) values calculated on the basis of the estimated Arrhenius activation energy values indicates that the sorption process is controlled by Langmuir's mode. Our results show that the 0.5 mass% silver loaded poly (vinyl alcohol) membrane exhibits excellent PV performance.

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6

Trica, Bogdan, Oana Cristina Parvulescu, Tanase Dobre, Ali A. A. Al Janabi, Cristian Raducanu, and Claudia Patrichi. "Modelling of Ethanol Fermentation Coupled with Product Recovery by Pervaporation." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 11 (December 15, 2017): 2708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.11.5960.

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Bioethanol is the most important biofuel produced by fermentation of sugars from various biomass types. The main disadvantages associated to this process consist in the negative effect of high ethanol concentration on the cell growth and in the separation cost of ethanol-water system resulted in the fermentation process. Sugar fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast coupled with bioethanol recovery by pervaporation has been modeled and simulated in this paper. In order to avoid the clogging of pervaporation membrane, the yeast cells were previously retained into an ultrafiltration unit. Three operating modes were analyzed and compared, i.e., classical batch fermentation (BF), batch fermentation coupled with external ultrafiltration and pervaporation (BFPV), and fed batch fermentation coupled with external ultrafiltration and pervaporation (FBFPV). Surface areas of ultrafiltration and pervaporation units were selected as process control variables.

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7

Koczka, Katalin, Peter Mizsey, and Zsolt Fonyo. "Rigorous modelling and optimization of hybrid separation processes based on pervaporation." Open Chemistry 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 1124–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-007-0050-8.

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AbstractHybrid separation processes are becoming more and more important in the practice if membrane technologies are also involved. In this work, a systematic investigation is completed for three sequence alternatives of distillation and pervaporation. These are the following: pervaporation followed with distillation (PV+D), distillation followed with pervaporation (D+PV), two distillation columns and a pervaporation unit between them (D+PV+D). The hybrid separation process alternatives are evaluated with rigorous modelling tools, but first, a rigorous simulation algorithm is determined for the pervaporation. The three hybrid separation processes are rigorously modelled with CHEMCAD, and optimized with the dynamic programming optimization method for the case of the separation of ethanol-water mixture. The objective function is the total annual cost (TAC). The energy consumption is also investigated. The selection of the ethanol-water mixture has two motivations: (i) it is quite often studied and well known, and (ii) to make biofuel (ethanol) production more economical, membrane technologies might also be applied. The results are compared with each other and with the classical separation completed with heteroazeotropic distillation. The optimized TAC shows that the distillation column followed with pervaporation is the most economical hybrid separation process alternative. Its TAC is about 66% of that of the classical separation.

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8

Liu, Jie, Jiding Li, Quan Chen, and Xiaoduan Li. "Performance of a pervaporation system for the separation of an ethanol-water mixture using fractional condensation." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 7 (February 15, 2018): 1861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.067.

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Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes were fabricated and subsequently applied in ethanol recovery from an ethanol-water mixture by pervaporation (PV) using fractional condensation. The effects of feed temperature and feed flow velocity on the pervaporative properties of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that PDMS was coated uniformly on the surface of porous PVDF substrate, and the PDMS separation layer was dense with a thickness of 1.7 µm. Additionally, it was found that with increasing feed temperature, the total flux of the composite membrane increased, whereas the separation factor decreased. As the feed flow velocity increased, the total flux and separation factor increased. Besides, the permeate vapor was condensed by a two-stage fractional condenser maintained at different temperatures. The effects of the condensation conditions on fractions of ethanol-water vapor were studied to concentrate ethanol in product. The fractional condensers proved to be an effective way to enhance the separation efficiency. Under the optimum fractional condensation conditions, the second condenser showed a flux of 1,329 g/m2 h and the separation factor was increased to 17.2. Furthermore, the long-term operation stability was verified, indicating that the PV system incorporating fractional condensation was a promising approach to separate ethanol from the ethanol-water mixture.

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9

Bai, Lu, Ping Qu, Shuai Li, Yuan Gao, and Li Ping Zhang. "Poly(vinyl Alcohol)/Cellulose Nanocomposite Pervaporation Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.383.

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In this study, pervaporation membranes were prepared from poly( vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different amounts of cellulose nanocrystals as filler, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization results demonstrated that cellulose nanocrystal particles dispersed homogeneously within the PVA matrix. Moreover, the pervaporation performance of these membranes was investigated using the separation of ethanol-water mixture as model system. Among all the prepared membranes, PVA/cellulose nanocomposite membrane containing 1 wt% cellulose nanocrystals exhibited the best pervaporation performance, whose averaged permeation flux reduced slightly but separation factor was increased from 83 to 163 for 80% aqueous solution of ethanol at 80 °C respectively.

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10

Huang, Zhen, Yu Hua Guo, Gui Mei Guo, and Li Jun Teng. "Pervaporation Dehydration of Aqueous Ethanol Solution with Zeolite-Filled Poly (vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membranes." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1331.

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Pervaporation performances of three –layer zeolite-filled poly (vinyl alcohol) composite membranes have been investigated for ethanol dehydration. Compared the neat polymer counterparts, high separation factor and high fluxes are both achieved by these membranes, indicating that ethanol/water separation is enhanced with the zeolites. Zeolites used include 3A, 4A, 5A, NaX, NaY, silicalite-1 and Beta. Through evaluating separation factor, ethanol flux and total pervaporation flux, separation performances of composite membranes are elucidated in detail in terms of the zeolite pore size, its hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature as well as its crystal framework.

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11

Li, Yonghong, Jiping Shi, Xiaojie Liu, Qiang Yu, Weihua Qiu, and Li Liu. "Pervaporation Performance of Polydimethylsiloxane-Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Membrane for Butanol Recovery from Model Solutions and Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation Broth." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1946.

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Pervaporation has been identified as the most promising separation technology for butanol recovery in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, to overcome two main obstacles, low yield and high separation cost in the industrial-scale butanol production. In this work, we investigated the pervaporation performance of a thin flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membrane for butanol recovery from model solutions and ABE fermentation broth. The PDMS-PVDF composite membrane exhibited a high total flux of 1330 g m–2 h–1, and relatively higher separation factors of 21.2, 17.2, and 4.5 for acetone, butanol, and ethanol, respectively, with ABE-water solution. Compared to ABE-water solution, the total flux decreased by 3.25% and separation factors increased by 1.40%, 3.21%, and 3.92% for acetone, butanol, and ethanol in ABE fermentation broth, indicating that the negative effect of impermeable components present in the ABE fermentation broth was negligible. The excellent pervaporation performance and long-term operational stability of PDMS-PVDF composite membrane can enhance the efficacy of butanol recovery, thus it has potential to be used as a competitive pervaporation membrane in ABE fermentation process.

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12

Wenzlaff, A., K. W. Böddeker, and K. Hattenbach. "Pervaporation of water—ethanol through ion exchange membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 22, no. 2-3 (February 1985): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)81291-0.

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13

Krasemann, L., and B. Tieke. "Highly Efficient Composite Membranes for Ethanol-Water Pervaporation." Chemical Engineering & Technology 23, no. 3 (March 2000): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4125(200003)23:3<211::aid-ceat211>3.0.co;2-7.

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14

Décultot, Marie, Alain Ledoux, Marie-Christine Fournier-Salaün, and Lionel Estel. "Organic carbonates synthesis improved by pervaporation for CO2 utilisation." Green Processing and Synthesis 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2019-0018.

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Abstract This work is focused on the synthesis of organic carbonates from CO2 and ethanol. A parametric study of the synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol is performed in a 100 mL batch reactor. The influence of pressure and temperature is studied and we prove that the presence of water strongly decreases the yield in diethyl carbonate as an equilibrium is quickly reached. One method to improve this yield is to remove water from the reaction mixture to shift the equilibrium toward the formation of carbonates. The chemical methods give good results but separation and regeneration associated steps are prohibitive. For these reasons, a physical technique like pervaporation is chosen to remove water. The study of a pervaporation cell with membrane PERVAP 4100 gives good results for the dehydration of ethanol alone even at low concentrations of water from 0.33 %wt to 0.15 %wt. Twelve experiments on the dehydration of a mixture of ethanol, diethyl carbonate and water are performed. The calculated separation factors show a very good selectivity for water. That means that even in the presence of diethyl carbonate, the membrane has still a selective water permeability.

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15

Bo Strunck, Azeem, Anil Suri, and Vittorio Boffa. "Effect of Temperature and Branched Crosslinkers on Supported Graphene Oxide Pervaporation Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081571.

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We describe the performance of graphene oxide (GO) membranes stabilized by crosslinkers and supported on polyethersulfone films in the dehydration of ethanol in a continuous cross-flow pervaporation set-up. We used two crosslinker species with branched structures (humic acid-like substances derived from urban waste and a synthetic hyperbranched polyol). The supported crosslinked GO films were prepared by rod coating on a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane. Pervaporation experiments were carried out at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. When the feed comprised pure water and ethanol, a much higher flux of water than ethanol was observed at all temperatures through GO films stabilized by the two crosslinkers (humic acid, GO-HAL, and the synthetic hyperbranched polyol, GO-HBPO), indicating the separation ability of these crosslinked membranes. For feed mixtures of water and ethanol, the GO-HAL and GO-HBPO membranes showed good separation performances by producing permeates with a significantly higher water content than the feed at all temperatures.

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16

Toth, Andras Jozsef, Eniko Haaz, Tibor Nagy, Ariella Janka Tarjani, Daniel Fozer, Anita Andre, Nora Valentinyi, Szabolcs Solti, and Peter Mizsey. "Treatment of Pharmaceutical Process Wastewater with Hybrid Separation Method: Distillation and Hydrophilic Pervaporation." Waste Treatment and Recovery 3, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wtr-2018-0002.

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Abstract The work is motivated by an industrial problem, which is alcohol removal from pharmaceutical process wastewater. The aim of the study was to develop a complete hybrid operation is investigated. Ethanol dehydration, in combination with distillation and hydrophilic pervaporation, is used to investigate about the extent of separation of the ethanol-water mixture. The aim of this research is to rigorously model and optimize this hybrid operation in professional flowsheet simulator environment. The number of minimal theoretical plates of distillation column and minimal effective membrane transfer area are determined. Cost estimation is also examined according to Douglas methodology. Considering our results it can be concluded that, the distillation and hydrophilic pervaporation processes are suitable for separation ethanol and water in 99.5 weight percent purity

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17

Bermudez Jaimes, John Hervin, Mario Eusebio Torres Alvarez, Elenise Bannwart de Moraes, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel, and Rubens Maciel Filho. "Separation and Semi-Empiric Modeling of Ethanol–Water Solutions by Pervaporation Using PDMS Membrane." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010093.

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High energy demand, competitive fuel prices and the need for environmentally friendly processes have led to the constant development of the alcohol industry. Pervaporation is seen as a separation process, with low energy consumption, which has a high potential for application in the fermentation and dehydration of ethanol. This work presents the experimental ethanol recovery by pervaporation and the semi-empirical model of partial fluxes. Total permeate fluxes between 15.6–68.6 mol m−2 h−1 (289–1565 g m−2 h−1), separation factor between 3.4–6.4 and ethanol molar fraction between 16–171 mM (4–35 wt%) were obtained using ethanol feed concentrations between 4–37 mM (1–9 wt%), temperature between 34–50 ∘C and commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. From the experimental data a semi-empirical model describing the behavior of partial-permeate fluxes was developed considering the effect of both the temperature and the composition of the feed, and the behavior of the apparent activation energy. Therefore, the model obtained shows a modified Arrhenius-type behavior that calculates with high precision the partial-permeate fluxes. Furthermore, the versatility of the model was demonstrated in process such as ethanol recovery and both ethanol and butanol dehydration.

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18

Lan, Yongqiang, Ning Yan, and Weihong Wang. "Application of PDMS pervaporation membranes filled with tree bark biochar for ethanol/water separation." RSC Advances 6, no. 53 (2016): 47637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06794h.

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This study has shown, for the first time, the promise of tree bark biochar as fillers for improving selectivity index and separation flux of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pervaporation membranes for ethanol/water separation.

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19

Ma, Yu, Jinhui Wang, and Toshinori Tsuru. "Pervaporation of water/ethanol mixtures through microporous silica membranes." Separation and Purification Technology 66, no. 3 (May 2009): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.02.005.

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20

Gozzelino, G., A. Priola, G. Malucelli, and A. Delmastro. "Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures through photopolymerized acrylic membranes." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 127, no. 1-3 (July 1997): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00138-6.

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21

MIYA, Masaru, Reikichi IWAMOTO, Seiichi MIMA, Shuzo YAMASHITA, Akira MOCHIZUKI, and Yoshinobu TANAKA. "Chitosan membrane for separation of water-ethanol by pervaporation." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 42, no. 2 (1985): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.42.139.

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22

CHEN, S., R. LIOU, C. HSU, D. CHANG, K. YU, and C. CHANG. "Pervaporation separation water/ethanol mixture through lithiated polysulfone membrane." Journal of Membrane Science 193, no. 1 (October 31, 2001): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(01)00478-1.

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23

Hirotsu, Toshihiro, Shigeru Nakajima, Aio Kitamura, Kensaku Mizoguchi, and Yoshio Suda. "Water-ethanol separation by pervaporation through silk fibroin membranes." Sen'i Gakkaishi 44, no. 2 (1988): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.44.2_72.

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24

Masuda, Toshio, Ben-Zhong Tang, and Toshinobu Higashimura. "Ethanol–Water Separation by Pervaporation through Substituted-Polyacetylene Membranes." Polymer Journal 18, no. 7 (July 1986): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.18.565.

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Lee, Young Moo, and Kook Won. "Pervaporation Separation of Water-Ethanol through Modified Polyacrylonitrile Membranes." Polymer Journal 22, no. 7 (July 1990): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.22.578.

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Lee, Y. K., I. S. Sohn, E. J. Jeon, and S. C. Kim. "IPN Membranes for the Pervaporation of Ethanol/Water Mixture." Polymer Journal 23, no. 5 (May 1991): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.23.427.

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Keshavarz Moraveji, Mostafa, Ahmadreza Raisi, Seyede Maryam Hosseini, Elahe Esmaeeli, and Gholamreza Pazuki. "CFD modeling of hydrophobic pervaporation process: ethanol/water separation." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 16-18 (April 2013): 3445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.749325.

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Niemöller, A., H. Scholz, B. Götz, and G. Ellinghorst. "Radiation-grafted membranes for pervaporation of ethanol/water mixtures." Journal of Membrane Science 36 (January 1988): 385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(88)80031-0.

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Bueso, Laura, Marta Osorio-Galindo, Isabel Alcaina-Miranda, and Amparo Ribes-Greus. "Swelling behavior of pervaporation membranes in ethanol-water mixtures." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 75, no. 11 (March 14, 2000): 1424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000314)75:11<1424::aid-app15>3.0.co;2-t.

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Do Thi, Huyen Trang, Peter Mizsey, and Andras Jozsef Toth. "Separation of Alcohol-Water Mixtures by a Combination of Distillation, Hydrophilic and Organophilic Pervaporation Processes." Membranes 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110345.

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It can be stated that in the fine chemical industries, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, large amounts of liquid waste and industrial waste solvents are generated during the production technology. Addressing these is a key issue because their disposal often accounts for the largest proportion of the cost of the entire technology. There is need to develop regeneration processes that are financially beneficial to the plant and, if possible, reuse the liquid waste in the spirit of a circular economy, in a particular technology, or possibly elsewhere. The distillation technique proves to be a good solution in many cases, but in the case of mixtures with high water content and few volatile components, this process is often not cost-effective due to its high steam consumption, and in the case of azeotropic mixtures there are separation constraints. In the present work, the membrane process considered as an alternative; pervaporation is demonstrated through the treatment of low alcohol (methanol and ethanol) aqueous mixtures. Alcohol-containing process wastewaters were investigated in professional process simulator environment with user-added pervaporation modules. Eight different methods were built up in ChemCAD flowsheet simulator: organophilic pervaporation (OPV), hydrophilic pervaporation (HPV), hydrophilic pervaporation with recirculation (R-HPV), dynamic organophilic pervaporation (Dyn-OPV), dynamic hydronophilic pervaporation (Dyn-HPV), hybrid distillation-organophilic pervaporation (D + OPV), hybrid distillation-hydrophilic pervaporation (D + HPV), and finally hybrid distillation-hydrophilic pervaporation with recirculation (R-D + HPV). It can be stated the last solution in line was the most suitable in the terms of composition, however distillation of mixture with high water content has significant heat consumption. Furthermore, the pervaporation supplemented with dynamic tanks is not favourable due to the high recirculation rate in the case of tested mixtures and compositions.

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Pratiwi, Mumpuni Asih, Ronny Windu Sudrajat, Sri Sutanti, and Heru Susanto. "Preparation of Chitosan-Alginate/PES Pervaporation Membranes for Bioethanol Dehydration." Advanced Materials Research 1123 (August 2015): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.182.

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In the last decade pervaporation membrane has become an antractive dehydration processs for azeotropic ethanol-water mixture. In this paper, chitosan-alginate/polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes were prepared (by coating method) characterized as pervaporation membranes. The composite membranes were then examined to purify ethanol-water mixture. The characterization included degree of swelling both in water and ethanol, permeability measurement, surface morphology (by SEM) and surface chemistry (by FTIR). The results show that the increase in concentration of coating solution increases the degree of swelling in the water on the one hand, whereas the permeability and the degree of swelling in the ethanol decreases on the other hand. The highest permeability was obtained for the composite membrane prepared from a coating solution concentration of 1% with the ratio of chitosan to alginate was 0,33. The surface chemistry shows that the increase in concentration of chitosan - alginate solution increases the intensity of a specific wave number of C-O and C-N groups. Surface morphology indicates that the PES membrane surface is clearly covered by chitosan - alginate mixture. Performance examination demonstrates that the composite membrane prepared by 3% a coating solution (with the ratio of chitosan to alginate 3) can increase the bioethanol concentration from 95.5% to 99.6%.

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Peng, Ping, Yongqiang Lan, and Juxiang Luo. "Modified Silica Incorporating into PDMS Polymeric Membranes for Bioethanol Selection." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5610282.

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In this work, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymeric membranes were fabricated by incorporating fumed silica nanoparticles which were functionalized with two silane coupling agents—NH2(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3(APTS) and NH2(CH2)2NH(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3(TSED)—for selective removal of ethanol from aqueous solutions via pervaporation. It was demonstrated that large agglomerates were not observed indicating the uniform distribution of modified silica throughout the PDMS matrices. It is noted that the ethanol diffusivity and the water contact angles were both increased remarkably, being beneficial to the preferential permeation of ethanol through the membranes. The pervaporation results showed that the addition of the two types of modified silica nanoparticles dramatically enhanced both the permeability and selectivity of hybrid membranes. Compared to APTS, silica modified by TSED at the concentration of 4 wt. % resulted in the optimum pervaporation membranes with the maximum separation factor of 12.09 and the corresponding permeation flux of approximately 234.0 g·m−2·h−1in a binary aqueous mixture at 40°C containing 10 wt. % ethanol. The observation will benefit the choice of coupling agents to improve the compatibility between hydrophilic fillers and hydrophobic polymers in preparing mixed matrix membranes.

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Wu, Kevin C. W., Chao-Hsiang Kang, Yi-Feng Lin, Kuo-Lun Tung, Yu-Heng Deng, Tansir Ahamad, Saad M. Alshehri, Norihiro Suzuki, and Yusuke Yamauchi. "Towards Acid-Tolerated Ethanol Dehydration: Chitosan-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing Cyano-Bridged Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 4141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12614.

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Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles, one of many cyano-bridged coordination polymers, are successfully incorporated into chitosan (CS) polymer to prepare PB/CS mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The PB nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the MMMs without the collapse of the original PB structure. As-prepared PB/CS MMMs are used for ethanol dehydration at 25 °C in the pervaporation process. The effect of loading PB in CS matrix on pervaporation performance is carefully investigated. The PB/CS membrane with 30 wt% PB loading shows the best performance with a permeate flux of 614 g·m−2 ·h−1 and a separation factor of 1472. The pervaporation using our PB/CS membranes exhibits outstanding performance in comparison with the previously reported CS-based membranes and MMMs. Furthermore, the addition of PB allows PB/CS MMMs to be tolerant of acidic environment. The present work demonstrates good pervaporation performance of PB/CS MMMs for the separation of an ethanol/water (90:10 in wt%) solution. Our new system provides an opportunity for dehydration of bioethanol in the future.

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Lokaj, Jan, and Jitka Bílá. "Pervaporation of Ethanol and Water Through Polymeric Membranes with Incorporated N-(Halogenophenyl)maleimide Units." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 3 (1994): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940620.

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Styrene N-(chloro- or bromophenyl)maleimide and methyl methacrylate N-(chloro- or bromophenyl)maleimide copolymers were synthesized. Membranes casted from the copolymer solutions were used for the pervaporation of ethanol water mixtures at 35 °C. The membranes were characterized by the separation factor related to the preferentially transported water and by the permeate flux. The pervaporation characteristics were dependent on the hydrophilicity or polarity of the polymer chains, on the kind and position of the halogen and on the composition of the mixture to be separated. Membranes made from the copolymers of styrene with N-(2-chlorophenyl)maleimide or N-(2-bromophenyl)maleimide show the highest separation factors in the separation of concentrated ethanol solutions. The permeate flux through membranes made from the copolymers of methyl methacrylate with N-(halogenophenyl)maleimide was by one order of magnitude higher than through membranes made from similar styrene copolymers.

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35

Knozowska, Katarzyna, Joanna Kujawa, Renars Lagzdins, Alberto Figoli, and Wojciech Kujawski. "A New Type of Composite Membrane PVA-NaY/PA-6 for Separation of Industrially Valuable Mixture Ethanol/Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether by Pervaporation." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173676.

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Pervaporation is a membrane technique used to separate azeotropic and close boiling solvents. Heterogenous PVA composite membranes with NaY zeolite supported on polyamide-6 were fabricated and utilized in organic–organic pervaporation. The efficiency of prepared membranes was evaluated in the separation of ethanol/ethyl tert-butyl ether (EtOH/ETBE) using separation factor (β) and the thickness normalized pervaporation separation index (PSIN). Implementation of the fringe projection phase-shifting method allowed to the determined contact angle corrected by roughness. The influence of the presence of water traces in the feed on the overall separation efficiency was also discussed using the enrichment factor for water (EFwater). The incorporation of NaY into PVA matrix increases surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the composite membrane. It was found that membranes selectively transport ethanol from the binary EtOH/ETBE mixture. The values of β (2.3) and PSIN (288 μm g m−2 h−1) for PVA-NaY/PA6 membrane were improved by 143% and 160% in comparison to the values for the pristine PVA/PA6 membrane. It was found that membranes showed EFwater > 1, thus revealing the preferential transport of water molecules across membranes. These results are also significant for the design of membranes for the removal of water excess from the mixtures of organic solvents.

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Lokaj, Jan, Miroslav Bleha, and Jana Kovářová. "DieneN-(2,4,6-Tribromophenyl)maleimide Copolymer Membranes for Pervaporation of Ethanol-Water Mixtures." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 9 (1994): 2000–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942000.

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Alternating copolymers of butadiene or isoprene with N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide and the copolymer of chloroprene containing 42.7 mole % N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide structure units were synthesized by radical copolymerization. Along with copolymerization, the Diels-Alder addition of comonomers proceeded. DSC revealed some crosslinking of the copolymers occurring even at room temperature. Homogeneous membranes were prepared from the copolymers by solution casting and tested in pervaporation of variously concentrated aqueous ethanol. Separation factors of the membranes related to the preferentially transported water increased with increasing content of ethanol in solutions to be separated. In contrast to hydrophilic maleimide groups, the incorporated diene units lowered separation efficiency due to their affinity to ethanol.

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Dudek, Gabriela, and Roman Turczyn. "New type of alginate/chitosan microparticle membranes for highly efficient pervaporative dehydration of ethanol." RSC Advances 8, no. 69 (2018): 39567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07868h.

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A new type of composite alginate membranes filled with CS and three different modified chitosan submicron particles, i.e. CS-P, CS-G and CS-GA were prepared, and the pervaporation of water/ethanol mixture was investigated.

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38

Mohd Nawawi, Mohd Ghazali, Zafifah Zamrud, and Abdulhakim M. Alamaria. "Novel Hydrophilic Chitosan and Sago Based Membranes for Pervaporation of Organic-Water Mixtures." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.250.

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This study focuses on the utilization of natural polysaccharides as membrane material for the separation of liquid-liquid systems and the potential of membrane pervaporation process to recover drilling mud. Hydrophilic membranes derived from chitosan and sago starch were developed and modified for the pervaporation of ethanol-water, ethyl acetate-water and cesium/potassium formate-water. Membranes were modified through polymer blending, chemical cross-linking as well as heat treatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also used to study the optimum preparation conditions of sago starch membranes for the recovery of drilling mud. Increasing feed concentration increases flux and decrease separation factor for both chitosan and sago based membranes. Using RSM, the optimum preparation conditions of sago based membranes was found to be at 65 wt.% of sago, 1.5 wt.% of glutaraldehyde and heat treated at 110°C. Pervaporation was also demonstrated to be feasible for the recovery of cesium/potassium formate drilling mud.

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39

Chen, Shih-Hsiung, Kuang-Chang Yu, Shiow-Shyung Lin, Dong-Jang Chang, and Rey May Liou. "Pervaporation separation of water/ethanol mixture by sulfonated polysulfone membrane." Journal of Membrane Science 183, no. 1 (February 2001): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00544-5.

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40

Dubey, Vinita, Chhaya Saxena, Lokendra Singh, K. V. Ramana, and R. S. Chauhan. "Pervaporation of binary water–ethanol mixtures through bacterial cellulose membrane." Separation and Purification Technology 27, no. 2 (May 2002): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(01)00210-6.

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Kim, Jeong-Hoon, Kew-Ho Lee, and Sang Youl Kim. "Pervaporation separation of water from ethanol through polyimide composite membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 169, no. 1 (April 2000): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(99)00335-x.

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42

Navajas, Alberto, Reyes Mallada, Carlos Téllez, Joaquín Coronas, Miguel Menéndez, and Jesús Santamaría. "Preparation of mordenite membranes for pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures." Desalination 148, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(02)00648-3.

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43

Chuntanalerg, P., R. Naraprawatphong, S. Kulprathipanja, P. Aungkavattana, K. Hemra, T. Chaisuwan, and S. Wongkasemjit. "Novel polymeric membrane materials for ethanol/water separation via pervaporation." Materials Research Innovations 19, no. 6 (April 21, 2015): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1433075x15y.0000000007.

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44

Hirotsu, Toshihiro. "Water-ethanol separation by pervaporation through plasma graft polymerized membranes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34, no. 3 (August 20, 1987): 1159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340324.

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45

Kalyani, Swayampakula, Biduru Smitha, Sundergopal Sridhar, and Abburi Krishnaiah. "Pervaporation separation of ethanol–water mixtures through sodium alginate membranes." Desalination 229, no. 1-3 (September 2008): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.07.027.

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46

Huang, Robert Y. M., and Xianshe Feng. "Pervaporation of Water/Ethanol Mixtures by an Aromatic Polyetherimide Membrane." Separation Science and Technology 27, no. 12 (October 1992): 1583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399208029225.

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47

Huang, Robert Y. M., and Jyh-Jeng Shieh. "Pervaporation Separation of Ethanol–Water Mixtures Using Crosslinked Blend Membranes." Separation Science and Technology 32, no. 17 (November 1997): 2765–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399708002221.

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48

Kang, Yong Soo, Bumsuk Jung, and Un Young Kim. "Pervaporation of Water/Ethanol Mixture Through Hydrophilically Modified Polyimide Membrane." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 224, no. 1 (January 1993): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259308032486.

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49

Pakkethati, Kansiri, Ardia Boonmalert, Thanyalak Chaisuwan, and Sujitra Wongkasemjit. "Development of polybenzoxazine membranes for ethanol–water separation via pervaporation." Desalination 267, no. 1 (February 2011): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.008.

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50

Sano, Tsuneji, Hiroshi Yanagishita, Yoshimichi Kiyozumi, Fujio Mizukami, and Kenji Haraya. "Separation of ethanol/water mixture by silicalite membrane on pervaporation." Journal of Membrane Science 95, no. 3 (November 1994): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)00120-0.

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