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Pillay, P., S. E. Knight, and W. N. S. Rmaih. "Cervical cancer screening in urban clinics in eThekwini municipal area." Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection 24, no. 2 (2009): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2009.11441344.
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Drury, C., S. Ramdhani, S. Naidoo, C. Carbutt, R. Boodhraj, and P. Mbatha. "Floristics of KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld within the eThekwini Municipal Area." South African Journal of Botany 98 (May 2015): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.03.037.
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Reade, Samantha, Temesgen Zewotir, and Delia North. "Modelling household electricity consumption in eThekwini municipality." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 27, no. 2 (2016): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i2a1340.
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South African municipalities are faced with the challenges of growing demand for services. This study models the energy consumption estimation practice within the Durban municipal area. It was found that an estimation technique that accounts for the seasonal and monthly effects, as well as residential type, predicts monthly individual household electricity consumption with minimum error. Models that were developed may be used to estimate electricity consumption for household billings within a municipality.
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Bhatt, A., S. Gairola, Y. Govender, H. Baijnath, and S. Ramdhani. "Epiphyte diversity on host trees in an urban environment, eThekwini Municipal Area, South Africa." New Zealand Journal of Botany 53, no. 1 (2015): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.2014.1000935.
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Freedman, Warren. "The Legislative Authority of the Local Sphere of Government to Conserve and Protect the Environment: A Critical Analysis of Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality [2013] ZAKZPHC 6 (30 January 2013)." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 1 (2017): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i1a2263.
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Legislative authority in South Africa is divided among the national, provincial and local spheres of government. Section 43 of the Constitution provides in this respect that the legislative authority of the national sphere of government is vested in Parliament; that the legislative authority of the provincial sphere of government is vested in the provincial legislatures; and that the legislative authority of the local sphere of government is vested in the municipal councils. The allocation of legislative authority to municipal councils gives rise to a number of complex questions. One of these is the extent to which municipal councils are entitled to pass legislation that deals with the conservation and protection of the "environment". This issue was considered by the KwaZulu-Natal High Court: Pietermaritzburg in Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality [2013] ZAKZPHC 6 (30 January 2013). In this case the High Court found that even though the functional area of "environment" has been explicitly allocated to the national and provincial spheres of government and not to the local sphere by the Constitution (see Schedule 4A of the Constitution), municipal councils are entitled to pass legislation that deals with the conservation and protection of the "environment", at least in those circumstances where it forms a part of "municipal planning". While there is no doubt that the functional area of "municipal planning" does encompass certain specific environmental matters at the local level, it does not encompass the broad area of the "environment", as the High Court suggests in its judgment. The approach adopted by the High Court, therefore, is open to some criticism. The purpose of this article is to set out and discuss the High Court’s judgment as well as the criticisms that may be levelled against it in the light of the allocation of legislative authority to the three spheres of government.
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Ngcamu, Bethuel Sibongiseni, and Malcolm Alan Henworth Wallis. "Disaster response and recovery in two informal settlements: A local government perspective." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 3 (2011): 606–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i3c6p4.
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Informal settlements in urban areas have long been afflicted by disasters and exposed to exploitation by politicians, shacklords, academics, journalists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), tavern owners and government officials. This problem is caused to some degree by limited land for expansion which has resulted in the creation of highly densified and unplanned, irregular settlements using poor, combustible building materials. The purpose of the article is to investigate whether eThekwini Municipality’s strategies are sufficient to respond to and recover from the impact of disasters. The research was undertaken at the Foreman and Kennedy Road informal settlements located in Clare Estate, under Ward 25, in Durban within eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (refer to Annexure 1). These areas are very important politically as they are densily populated and highly contested between political parties and local resistant’s organizations such as Abahlali baseMjondolo. Questionnaires were self-administered to a sample size of 220 of which 140 respondents completed the questionnaires, thereby generating a response rate of 63.6%. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with municipal officials. The findings indicate that 44.3% of the victims of disasters received assistance from NGOs and regard civil society as playing an important role after disasters compared to 7.1% of the responding municipal officials.
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Ngcamu, Bethuel Sibongiseni. "Knowledge management perceptions in two municipal units." Corporate Board role duties and composition 8, no. 1 (2012): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv8i1art1.
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Few researchers have studied the perceptions of employees about knowledge management and processes for converting tacit into explicit knowledge within the public service, especially in local government. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about, and insight into, employees’ perceptions about the factors that contribute to strategies for managing knowledge, knowledge management processes to convert tacit into explicit knowledge, as well as their views regarding the implementation of knowledge management strategies, and their perceptions about the ways in which knowledge management can contribute to organizational effectiveness and efficiency in their workplace. The census approach was used and data was collected using questionnaires which were administered to 80 employees of eThekwini Municipality, of which 66 questionnaires were suitably completed. Results of the article indicate that there exist significant relationships amongst the key variables of the study relating to knowledge management, and that each of the areas of knowledge management studied needs improvement.
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Muir, Andrew. "The Le Sueur Case and a Local Government’s Constitutional Right to Govern." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 2 (2017): 556–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3592.
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The KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg High Court case of Le Sueur v eThekweni Municipality was decided on the basis that a municipality, in the local government sphere, was permitted to legislate within the functional area of the environment. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 sets out functional areas of governmental powers in Schedules 4 and 5 and allocates these powers to National, Provincial and/or Local Government. Established jurisprudence in the Constitutional Court has entrenched the sanctity of the functional areas and interpreted these areas in such a way as to prohibit intrusion by one sphere into a functional area allocated to another. Both the ‘environment’ and ‘municipal planning’ are allocated functional areas, the first to the National and Provincial spheres concurrently and the second to local government. The judgment in the Le Sueur case is seemingly at odds with the accepted jurisprudence. Although the decision in Le Sueur seems to be intuitively correct the reasoning employed seems to be somewhat strained. This paper proposes an alternative rationale which could be used to permit the same decision to be reached in a less strained manner. The local government ‘right to govern’ is postulated as a plenary power granted to local government and this, in turn, requires that Schedules 4 and 5 be interpreted in a slightly different manner. If this approach is followed then local government would be entitled to legislate in the functional area of the environment (and indeed generally) subject to the limitations discussed.
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Leck, Hayley, and David Simon. "Local Authority Responses to Climate Change in South Africa: The Challenges of Transboundary Governance." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (2018): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072542.
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Recent progress and innovation are testament to the willingness of municipal authorities to address climate change. However, urban regions worldwide exhibit an immense diversity of conditions, capabilities and responses to the challenges of changing climatic conditions. While separated by politico-administrative borders, adjacent municipalities within such regions are connected through biophysical, politico-economic, and social systems likely to be reconfigured under changing climatic/environmental conditions. Yet, to date, politico-administrative borders have largely determined the parameters of local government climate change adaptation strategies, with insufficient attention to the role of inter-municipal collaboration, especially between neighbouring rural, peri-urban and urban municipalities, for co-ordinating such policies and interventions. Within a multi-level governance framework, this paper considers the recent evolution of climate agendas in the eThekwini (formerly Durban City Council) metropolitan municipality and the adjacent Ugu (predominantly rural) district municipality on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal province (KZN), South Africa, focusing particularly on cross-border collaboration within the greater city region. The challenges were investigated by means of 53 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with municipal, regional and local authority association staff in November 2009, March 2012, and August 2017. Our core argument is that weak inter-municipal collaboration, particularly between urban, peri-urban and rural areas within metropolitan and functional city regions, has been a significant impediment to realizing transformative adaptation within such regions. The experiences of these two contiguous yet contrasting municipalities represent a microcosm of the dramatic discontinuities and inequalities on all variables within adjacent urban metropolitan and rural contexts in South Africa and beyond. Despite promising recent signs, the challenges of inter-municipal collaborative action are therefore formidable.
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Menyuka, Sibanda, and Bob. "Perceptions of the Challenges and Opportunities of Utilising Organic Waste through Urban Agriculture in the Durban South Basin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041158.
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Waste management has become pertinent in urban regions, along with rapid population growth. The current ways of managing waste, such as refuse collection and recycling, are failing to minimise waste in cities. With urban populations growing worldwide, there is the challenge of increased pressure to import food from rural areas. Urban agriculture not only presents an opportunity to explore other means of sustainable food production, but for managing organic waste in cities. However, this opportunity is not taken advantage of. Besides, there is a challenge of mixed reactions from urban planners and policymakers concerning the challenges and benefits presented by using organic waste in urban agriculture. The current paper explores the perceived challenges and opportunities for organic waste utilisation and management through urban agriculture in the Durban South Basin in eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province of South Africa. It is anticipated that this information will be of use to the eThekwini Municipality, policymakers, researchers, urban agriculture initiatives, households and relevant stakeholders in the study areas and similar contexts globally. Two hundred (200) households involved in any urban farming activity and ten (10) key informants (six (6) staff from the Cleaning and Solid Waste Unit of the eThekwini Municipality and four (4) from the urban agricultural initiative) were selected using convenient sampling. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis were used to analyse data. The significant perceived challenges and risks associated with the utilisation of organic waste through urban agriculture included lack of a supporting policy, climatic variation, lack of land tenure rights, soil contamination and food safety concerns. Qualitative data further showed that the difficulty in segregating waste, water scarcity, difficulty in accessing inputs, limited transportation of organic waste, inadequate handling and treatment of organic waste, and being a health hazard were some important challenges. On the other hand, the significant perceived benefits associated with the utilisation of organic waste through urban agriculture were enhanced food and nutrition security, and opportunities for business incubation. Other important benefits established through qualitative data were an improved market expansion for farmers and improved productivity. Overall, despite the perceived challenges and risks, there is an opportunity to manage organic waste through urban agriculture. It is imperative for an integrated policy encompassing the food, climate and waste management to be developed to support this strategy. All stakeholders—the government, municipal authorities and urban agricultural initiatives should also, guided by the policy, support urban farmers, for example, through pieces of training on how to properly manage and recycle organic waste, land distribution, inputs availability and water usage rights among other things.
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Mpele Lekhanya, Lawrence. "Critical analysis of entrepreneurial spirit, attitudes and perceptions of young South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal province." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (2016): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-1).2016.04.
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Positive entrepreneurial spirit, attitudes and perceptions among the communities, with specific reference to young South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal province, can improve the lives of many young people and alleviate poverty and unemployment challenges in the province. This paper intends to analyze the entrepreneurial spirit, attitudes and perceptions of young South Africans, in addition to which it will also analyze the most critical factors affecting young South Africans when embarking into business. Primary data were collected by means of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected in eThekweni Municipal areas. The sample consisted of 350 young South Africans between the ages of 18-35, both those who are working, as well as those who are unemployed, with or without tertiary qualifications. Respondents completed a five–point, Likert scale questionnaire, with the assistance of an interviewer. The results disclose that the large number of respondents indicate bank requirements to obtain a loan and financial support as major barriers to starting a business. The findings further indicate start-up capital as another constraint that demoralizes, quelling the entrepreneurial spirit among the young. The results found to be statistical significant at (p = .000*). Further research should aim to examine youth entrepreneurial training programs and entrepreneurial support skills. Keywords: entrepreneurial, analysis, spirit, attitudes, perceptions, critical, young South Africans. JEL Classification: M21
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Boon, Richard, Jessica Cockburn, Errol Douwes, et al. "Managing a threatened savanna ecosystem (KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld) in an urban biodiversity hotspot: Durban, South Africa." Bothalia 46, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v46i2.2112.
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Background: The city of Durban in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, falls within a global biodiversity hotspot. KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld (KZNSS) is a savanna vegetation type endemic to KZN. KZNSS is endangered; about 90% has been totally modified and 0.1% of the original extent is adequately protected. In response, eThekwini Municipality, Durban’s local government authority, has developed approaches to improve the conservation status of KZNSS and other biodiversity.Objectives: To describe eThekwini Municipality’s work in contributing to securing and managing KZNSS and other biodiversity. This information will contribute to an increased understanding of local government’s role in biodiversity conservation and should be relevant to other local governments as well.Method: Statistics from the municipality’s GIS database and work done and insights gained over about 30 years are presented.Results: By 2012, about 54% of Durban’s original vegetation was transformed and a further 17% was highly degraded. Combined efforts have resulted in 3.06% of the eThekwini Municipal Area enjoying some form of legal protection for environmental purposes with proclaimed protected areas covering 0.6% of the municipal area. Nearly 8% of areas identified as environmentally significant by the municipality are managed as appropriate.Conclusion: Increased and coordinated implementation efforts with a focus on priorities are needed from all role players if biodiversity is to be adequately conserved in Durban. Local government in South Africa can be an important contributor in biodiversity conservation, especially with regard to tools available in terms of its local planning mandate.
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Singh, Resham, and Jorg Lalk. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE BARRIERS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY WITHIN MEDIUM TO LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS OPERATING WITHININ THE ETHEKWINI MUNICIPAL AREA." South African Journal of Industrial Engineering 27, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7166/27-3-1658.
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Sutherland, Catherine, Vicky Sim, Sibongile Buthelezi, and Duduzile Khumalo. "Social constructions of environmental services in a rapidly densifying peri-urban area under dual governance in Durban, South Africa." Bothalia 46, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v46i2.2128.
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Background: Biodiversity plays a critical role in improving the quality of life and resilience of poor urban communities in Durban. Objectives: However, the rapid densification that is taking place in the ‘rural periphery’ of the city is impacting significantly on the integrity of ecosystems, which provide valuable ecosystem services. It is also changing the relations between people and the environment. Mzinyathi and eSkebheni, in the north-west of Durban, are peri-urban areas located on Ingonyama Trust land and hence they are governed by both the traditional authority and the eThekwini Municipality. The settlement pattern is changing rapidly here as middle and upper income residents move into the area, changing the way of life from being rural and ‘traditional’ to urban and ‘modern’. Method: This paper focused on the nexus of rapid urban growth, dual governance systems, biodiversity loss and cultural change in these two areas. It adopted a qualitative methodology and social constructivist approach. Data on the value of environmental services in the area was collected through interviewing the traditional authority, provincial and municipal planners and environmentalists, and household members. Results: The paper revealed that environmental services are constructed in multiple ways within a particular socio-historical and political context, that they have value to peri-urban communities, and that their function and use is changing as a result of the ‘modernisation’ of the area. The impact of the dual governance system and traditional land allocation process on environmental services is significant. This has implications for long term sustainability, for the quality of life of peri-urban residents and for planning and urban governance.
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Ground, Lyle E., Rob Slotow, and Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee. "The value of urban and peri-urban conservation efforts within a global biodiversity hotspot." Bothalia 46, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v46i2.2106.
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Background: Systematic conservation planning (SCP) is a key tool in conservation prioritisation. It has recently been applied within the eThekwini Municipal Area (EMA), South Africa, a rapidly developing metro located within a biodiversity hotspot. Most vegetation types within this region are threatened, yet have received limited scientific attention. Objectives: To assess forb biodiversity of coastal and near-coastal grasslands and contextualise potential drivers of species variation to the EMA context. Method: We quantified forb species richness, frequency and species composition, determined the variation of these amongst plots and sites, and assessed which variables were responsible for this variation. Results: Site forb species richness ranged from 33 to 84 species per site, with the most frequent species differing across the seven sites. Beta diversity was higher across than within sites. Distance to the closest traditional medicine market and site perimeter-to-area ratio were the greatest drivers of species richness, whilst altitude, aspect, mean temperature and rainfall seasonality were the main contributors to species composition patterns. Conclusion: SCP can use key environmental and climatic categories to improve selection of grasslands to maximise both species richness and variation in species composition. A more fine-scale systematic conservation plan will, in turn, provide a more robust basis for development decisions. The outcomes illustrate the importance of urban and peri-urban conservation efforts, including fine-scale conservation planning, in contributing to regional, national conservation targets.
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Naicker, Rowan, Mathieu Rouget, and Onisimo Mutanga. "Assessing habitat fragmentation of the KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld, a threatened ecosystem." Bothalia 46, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v46i2.2104.
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Background: The KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld (KZN SS) is a grassland ecosystem categorised as endangered by the terms of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act 10 of 2004). Pressure from urbanisation has led to the remaining areas of the KZN SS being physically fragmented, causing low connectivity levels which have diminished the biological persistence of this ecosystem.Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the overall level of habitat fragmentation of the KZN SS and determine the level of connectivity within the ecosystem, and patches of the KZN SS occurring in the eThekwini Municipal area. Using graph theory, we compared the effectiveness of broad-scale and fine-scale data sets in quantifying habitat fragmentation.Methods: The Conefor Sensinode software, which employs the bases of graph theory, was chosen to aid in assessing fragmentation levels. The integral index of connectivity (IIC) (values range from 0 to 1, with 1 highlighting optimal connectivity) was chosen as the best index to determine landscape connectivity.Results: The KZN SS was shown to be highly fragmented, especially at dispersal distances less than 500 m. This resulted in very low connectivity levels, with the highest IIC value recorded at 0.0063. Moreover, the use of either fine-scale or broad-scale data to measure connectivity differed substantially at 1000 m.Conclusion: Broad-scale data were shown to overestimate habitat fragmentation and underestimate landscape connectivity. A more apt description of KZN SS connectivity levels was realised with fine-scale data. This study recommends that crucial KZN SS patches be prioritised to safeguard this endangered ecosystem.
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Drury, Charmaine C., Syd Ramdhani, Sershen Naidoo, Clinton Carbutt, Renira Boodhraj, and Philani Mbatha. "A lot gone but still hanging on: Floristics of remnant patches of endangered KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld." Bothalia 46, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v46i2.2110.
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Background: KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld (KZNSS) is an endangered subtropical grassland type, of which a large proportion occurs within the eThekwini Municipal Area (EMA).Objectives: Examining the flora of KZNSS will allow a more fundamental understanding of the potential variability across remnant patches of this vegetation type, increasing the ability to accurately delimit KZNSS from adjacent similar vegetation types.Method: Floristic data were collected using quadrats and transects for three recognised KZNSS sites (Giba Gorge Environmental Precinct (GGEP), Inanda Mountain (IM) and Springside Nature Reserve (SSNR)), all within the EMA. Alpha diversity (Shannon’s exponential and Simpson’s inverse indices) and beta diversity measures were calculated and compared across all sites. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis using the Jaccard index and a non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination were used to assess similarity amongst quadrats across the three sites.Results: One hundred and thirty-one plant species were found to occur in GGEP, 95 in IM and 121 in SSNR. However, of the total 193 species found to occur collectively (i.e. quadrat and transect data combined) across the three sites, only 50 species were common to all these sites. The results of the alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significant floristic variability both within and across the KZNSS sites sampled, with Shannon’s exponential index being highest in SSNR, followed by GGEP and lowest in IM. The lack of controlled access and unregulated burning regimes appear to have clearly affected the flora at the IM site in terms of species richness and increased evenness, as well as the relatively greater presence of introduced alien species and lower abundances of taxa of conservation concern. The pristine GGEP site had the highest number of species in total, with species being less evenly spread across the site, as well as the highest number of taxa conservation and low abundances of alien species. The main separations in the ordination results can be attributed to quadrat sampling performed pre- and post-burn.Conclusion: The floristic distinction of IM from GGEP and SSNR is attributed here to the intermediate disturbance effect of fire in grasslands which can lead to species loss if burning is too frequent. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the delimitation, classification and management of KZNSS