Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ethernet (Local area network system)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ethernet (Local area network system)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethernet (Local area network system)"

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Mansfield, John F., Andy Adamson, and Kevin Coffman. "Development of a System to Provide Full, Real-time Remote Control of a Scanning Electron Microscope across the Second Generation Internet: The Teaching SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, no. 1 (2000): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600000064.

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The development and makeup of a real-time full remote control system for the University of Michigan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Teaching SEM is described. The instrument was initially controlled via the campus local area Ethernet network and cable TV network. The latest implementation employs Fast Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks, and moving picture experts group (MPEG) video encoding to effect the remote control via the computer network alone. Remote control demonstrations from Washington, DC, Dearborn, MI, and Emerson School, Ann Arbor, MI are described.
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Mansfield, John F., Andy Adamson, and Kevin Coffman. "Development of a System to Provide Full, Real-time Remote Control of a Scanning Electron Microscope across the Second Generation Internet: The Teaching SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, no. 1 (2000): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100059910003.

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Abstract The development and makeup of a real-time full remote control system for the University of Michigan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Teaching SEM is described. The instrument was initially controlled via the campus local area Ethernet network and cable TV network. The latest implementation employs Fast Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks, and moving picture experts group (MPEG) video encoding to effect the remote control via the computer network alone. Remote control demonstrations from Washington, DC, Dearborn, MI, and Emerson School, Ann Arbor, MI are described.
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Sarkar, Nurul I., and Kashif Nisar. "Performance of VoIP in Wired-Cum-Wireless Ethernet Network." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 4, no. 4 (2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2012100101.

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The Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a rapidly growing technology that enables transport of voice over data networks such as Ethernet Local Area Networks (LANs). This growth is due to the integration of voice and data traffic over the existing network infrastructure, low cost, and improved network management offered by the technology. This paper reports on the performance of VoIP traffic characteristics in a wired-cum-wireless Ethernet LAN. The effect of increasing the number of VoIP wireless clients, different voice codec schemes, and packet arrival distributions on system performance is investigated. Through various simulation experiments under realistic network scenarios, such as Small Office Home Office (SOHO) and campus networks, this paper provides an insight into the performance of VoIP over Ethernet LANs. Simulation results show that VoIP clients and voice codec schemes have significant effect on system performance. The authors preformed OPNET-based simulations to validate their experiments.
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Köhnen, Christopher, Christian Überall, Muttukrishnan Rajarajan, Rudolf Jäger, and Veselin Rakočević. "Autonomous QoS Management and Policing in Unmanaged Local Area Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2015 (2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/790375.

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The high increase of bandwidth-intensive applications like high definition video streaming in home and small office environments leads to QoS challenges in hybrid wired/wireless local area networks. These networks are often not QoS aware and may contain bottlenecks in their topology. In addition, they often have a hybrid nature due to the used access technology consisting of, for example, Ethernet, wireless, and PowerLAN links. In this paper, we present the research work on a novel autonomous system for hybrid QoS in local area networks, called QoSiLAN, which does not rely on network infrastructure support but on host cooperation and works independently of the access technology. We present a new QoS Signalling Protocol, policing and admission control algorithms, and a new lightweight statistical bandwidth prediction algorithm for autonomous resource management in LANs. This new QoS framework enables link based, access-medium independent bandwidth management without network support. We provide evaluation results for the novel bandwidth prediction algorithm as well as for the QoSiLAN framework and its protocol, which highlight the features, robustness, and the effectiveness of the proposed system.
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Kim, Hyeong-Jun, Min-Hee Choi, Mah-Ho Kim, and Suk Lee. "Development of an Ethernet-Based Heuristic Time-Sensitive Networking Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time In-Vehicle Data Transmission." Electronics 10, no. 2 (2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020157.

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The rapid development and adaptation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving increases the burden of in-vehicle networks. In-vehicle networks are now required to provide a fast data rate and bounded delay for real-time operation, while conventional protocols such as controller area networks, local interconnected networks, and FlexRay begin to show limitations. Ethernet-based time-sensitive network (TSN) technology has been proposed as an alternative. TSN is a set of Ethernet standards being developed by the IEEE TSN task group, which aims to satisfy requirements such as real-time operation, stability, and low and bounded latency, and it can be used in automotive, industrial, and aerospace applications. This study introduces several standards for Ethernet traffic scheduling based on TSN technology and proposes a heuristic-based scheduling algorithm for Ethernet scheduling. In addition, three network configurations are simulated using OMNeT++ to show the applicability. The heuristic TSN scheduling algorithm is a straightforward and systematic procedure for practical network designers.
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Gong, Mao Fa, Xin Yuan Xu, Jian Ping Liu, Li Guo Ma, and Xu Zhang. "Multi-Loop Network Power Grid Monitor Based on the Embedded Operating System." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2119.

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The paper advances a multi-loop network power grid monitor based on S3C2410 microprocessor and ATT7022B power measuring chip. Combining the widespread network and low-cost but high performance developing ideology, the paper expands a new network power grid monitor design process. After ATT7022B processes voltage and current data acquisition, the processed data can be read and stored in the local storage unit by S3C2410; If Ethernet link with the local area network, the power parameters can be transmitted to the management computer by Socket pattern, also can be reviewed through the WEB browser, realizing fast automated meter reading and network control. The device, after a period of probation, operates well and featured for its stability, less error, low cost, etc, and has much considerable market value.
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Oh, Sung Bhin, Young Soo Do, Min Jeong Lee, Jin Ho Kim, and Jae Wook Jeon. "Performance Enhancement of CAN/Ethernet Automotive Gateway with a CAN Data Reduction Algorithm." Electronics 12, no. 13 (2023): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132777.

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Data reduction (DR) techniques for the controller area network (CAN) are being developed to reduce the increased bus load caused by the growing number of electronic control units (ECUs) and automotive software complexity in modern automobiles. DR techniques enable the transmission of the same information with less bandwidth, effectively reducing the busload in CAN-based networks. Modern vehicles are composed of various in-vehicle network (IVN) protocols, such as CAN, local interconnect network (LIN), and Ethernet. However, existing DR techniques only consider the communication between CAN nodes. The application of DR techniques to a CAN bus may lead to compatibility issues when communicating with heterogeneous IVN protocols. This paper proposed a CAN/Ethernet gateway system for seamless communication with CAN DR. The proposed gateway system was implemented on a TC275-based embedded system, and its performance was evaluated and analyzed. The experimental results revealed that CAN DR compression effectively improves both the CAN bus load and end-to-end processing time of the gateway system. The CAN bus load was reduced by up to 33.68%, and the average end-to-end processing time was reduced to 336 μs.
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Supianto, Supianto, and Sunarsan Sitohang. "IMPLEMENTASI METODE WIRELESS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DALAM PERANCANGAN JARINGAN HOTSPOT SERVER PADA PT INDOTAMA NIAGA HOKKI." JURSIMA 11, no. 1 (2023): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47024/js.v11i1.562.

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PT Indotama Niaga Hokki is a private company so it is not related to the government which is located in the city of Batam, Riau Islands, internet network facilities at PT Indotama Hokki use ISP from PT Telkom, still using ethernet connected to a switch to connect to the internet. With the increasing use of laptops and mobile phones at PT Indotama Hokki, it is necessary to update the existing network.The Wireless Distribution System method is a technical method of connecting one Access Point to another using wireless media in a Local Area Network. With WDS we can develop wireless networks without using cables. With WDS, WLAN workspaces can be expanded without connecting the Access Point with a wired backbone system.The results of this study indicate that wireless network users at PT Indotama Hokki where the application of wireless networks using the Wireless Distribution method aims to expand the wireless network at PT Indotama Niaga Hokki, so that by using the Wireless Distribution System as a repeater to make it easier for users to access the internet with different rooms. or building without having to log in again to be able to access the internet.
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Ayan, Zhunussov, Baikenov Alimjan, Manankova Olga, Zheltayev Timur, and Ziyekenov Toktalyk. "Quality of service management in telecommunication network using machine learning technique." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 32, no. 2 (2023): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v32.i2.pp1022-1030.

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<span>Designing and implementing a fail-safe, real-time telecommunications network is complex. In modern networks, traditional quality of service (QoS) methods for monitoring and analyzing data have some problems, such as accuracy and efficient processing of big data in real time. To solve this problem, should use an appropriate intelligent crash classification system to detect and diagnose run-time errors. The article proposes to use a comprehensive fault detection system that includes QoS and machine learning technologies using information about the state of a point-to-point protocol over ethernet (PPPoE) session on PPPoE active discovery termination (PADT) virtual local area network (VLAN) routes. </span><span>This intelligent system is built using the machine learning method and is independent of the main real-time system. Demonstrated the operation of seven machine learning algorithms and presented the results of training and fault detection. Based on the received information about the state of the PPPoE session, the PADT type allows you to control the behavior of the real-time system.</span>
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Alekseev, V. М., and S. N. Chichkov. "Information security in intelligent mass transit management systems." Dependability 22, no. 3 (2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-26462022-22-3-62-68.

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Aim. The paper examines matters related to the definition of the architecture and requirements for data communication networks as part of intelligent mass transit management systems. Methods. The paper suggests a network architecture using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technology and traffic routing. If the core of a local area network is implemented using fully-connected topology, the use of flow labels allows predefining information exchange routes between servers and applications of an information and telecommunications network (ITS). Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is the foundation of control and information acquisition networks of ITS. That allows adopting common interfaces to the subsystems that perform various functions within an ITS, e.g., control and diagnostics, minimizing the time of information delivery to management servers and sending critical control commands, as well as using common Ethernet or 4G/5G wireless interfaces. Conclusions. The path installation/removal principle, when applied to critical facilities, significantly complicates attacks and collection of information on the network structure of ITS.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethernet (Local area network system)"

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Pitts, Robert A. "A simulation model of an Ethernet with network partitioning." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276740.

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One of the local area network medium access control standards created by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in IEEE Project 802 is the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) medium access control. Numerous studies have been reported in the literature on the performance of CSMA/CD. These studies show that CSMA/CD performs well under light network load but not well at heavy load. To improve the performance of CSMA/CD under heavy load, a new concept called network partitioning is presented. Network partitioning allows the network to be partitioned into segments when under heavy load. Partition stations then act as bridges between the segments. The impact of network partitioning on network performance was tested using a simulation model of an Ethernet local area network (an implementation of the CSMA/CD medium access control). The simulation results show that network partitioning can improve the performance of CSMA/CD under heavy load.
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Marjanovic, Uros. "Exploration of a method for constructing an industrial ethernet with ethernet enabled devices in an industrial environment using a Cisco adaptive security appliance /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131565124.pdf.

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Mukantabana, Beatrice. "Ethernet sniffing : a big threat to network security." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897495.

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Networks play an important role in today's information age. The need to share information and resources makes networks a necessity in almost any computing environment. In many cases, the network can be thought of as a large, distributed computer, with disks and other resources on big systems being shared by smaller workstations on people's desks.Security has long been an object of concern and study for both data processing systems and communications facilities. With computer networks, these concerns are combined, and for local networks, the problems may be more acute. Consider a fullcapacity local network, with direct terminal access to the network, data files, and applications distributed among a variety of processors. This network may also provide access to and from long-haul communications and be part of an internet. Clearly, the task of providing security in such a complex environment is quite involved.The subject of security is a broad one and encompasses physical and administrative controls. The aim of this research is to explore the security problems pertaining to Ethernet networks. Different approaches to obtain a secure Ethernet environment are also discussed.<br>Department of Computer Science
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Otten, Fred. "Network simulation for professional audio networks." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017935.

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Audio Engineers are required to design and deploy large multi-channel sound systems which meet a set of requirements and use networking technologies such as Firewire and Ethernet AVB. Bandwidth utilisation and parameter groupings are among the factors which need to be considered in these designs. An implementation of an extensible, generic simulation framework would allow audio engineers to easily compare protocols and networking technologies and get near real time responses with regards to bandwidth utilisation. Our hypothesis is that an application-level capability can be developed which uses a network simulation framework to enable this process and enhances the audio engineer’s experience of designing and configuring a network. This thesis presents a new, extensible simulation framework which can be utilised to simulate professional audio networks. This framework is utilised to develop an application - AudioNetSim - based on the requirements of an audio engineer. The thesis describes the AudioNetSim models and implementations for Ethernet AVB, Firewire and the AES- 64 control protocol. AudioNetSim enables bandwidth usage determination for any network configuration and connection scenario and is used to compare Firewire and Ethernet AVB bandwidth utilisation. It also applies graph theory to the circular join problem and provides a solution to detect circular joins.
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Wu, Di. "Performance studies of VoIP over Ethernet LANs a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment [sic] of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer and Information Sciences, 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/677.

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Dissertation (MCIS - Computer and Information Sciences) -- AUT University, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (ix, 65 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in City Campus Theses Collection (T 621.385 WU)
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Balaji, Pavan. "High performance communication support for sockets-based applications over high-speed networks." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150482661.

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Krehling, Daniel E. "Implementing remote image capture/control in a wireless Sensor network utilizing the IEEE 802.15.4 standard." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FKrehling.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Gibson, John ; Singh, Gurminder. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 5 November 2009. Author(s) subject terms: IEEE 802.15.4, wireless sensor network, remote imaging, wireless. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81). Also available in print.
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Elkeelany, Omar S. A. Chaudhry Ghulam M. "A low-power embedded system design and synthesis of remotely programmable direct connect device core." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.<br>Typescript. "A dissertation in engineering and telecommunication networking." Advisor: Ghulam M. Chaudhry. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 23, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-158) and index. Online version of the print edition.
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Groom, Eddie L. "Ethernet controller design for an embedded system using FPGA technology." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008m/groom.pdf.

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Herdea, Razvan. "Metanet." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897505.

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Recently, simulation has became the most effective way for analyzing and perfecting the performance of telecommunication networks. It has proven itself as the best method in the realm of education, where the hardware capabilities for practical training are often limited. A simulated network enables students to practice hands-on network programming and to understand, in a practical way, how a data communication network operates and how protocols work.Metanet is an environment that enables the programmer to write networking applications and to test them as if using an IP network with the hosts connected through Ethernet. The whole software is a multi-process application that makes use of just the resources offered by a single machine. It runs on a UNIX system and emulates hosts that also communicate through an emulated network using TCP/IP. Each layer of the hosts' operating system is designed as a separate process that will communicate with the adjacent layers using socket pairs or UDP connections. The application layer has multi-processing capability.<br>Department of Computer Science
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Books on the topic "Ethernet (Local area network system)"

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Held, Gilbert. Ethernet Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.

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Matheus, Kirsten. Automotive Ethernet. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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Ferrero, Alexis. The evolving ethernet. Addison-Wesley, 1996.

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Spinney, Byron. Ethernet tips and techniques. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall PTR, 1998.

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Bill, Hancock. Designing and implementing Ethernet networks. 2nd ed. QED Information Sciences, 1988.

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(Firm), Anixter, ed. Ethernet switching. Anixter, 1995.

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Spinney, Byron. Ethernet pocket guide: A practical guide to designing, installing, and troubleshooting Ethernet networks. Professional Press Books, 1992.

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Spinney, Byron. Ethernet pocket guide: A practical guide to designing, installing, and troubleshooting Ethernet networks. Professional Press Books, 1992.

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Johnson, Howard W. Fast Ethernet: Dawn of a new network. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.

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Kadambi, Jayant. Gigabit Ethernet: Migrating to high-bandwidth LANs. Prentice Hall PTR, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ethernet (Local area network system)"

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Reinemo, Sven-Arne, and Tor Skeie. "Ethernet as a Lossless Deadlock Free System Area Network." In Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11576235_90.

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Gonçalves, J. M., and J. C. Alves. "Radiographic Image Archiving System Using a Local Area Network." In Computer Assisted Radiology / Computergestützte Radiologie. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52247-5_49.

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Ishak, Mohamad Khairi, Ching Chia Leong, and Emma Ahmad Sirajudin. "Embedded Ethernet and Controller Area Network (CAN) in Real Time Control Communication System." In 10th International Conference on Robotics, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6447-1_17.

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Latha, P. H., and R. Vasantha. "An Efficient Security System in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Against Network Intrusion." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91186-1_2.

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Shieh, J.-C., and S.-S. Lu. "A Simulation System for Fms Based On Pc Local Area Network." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Matador Conference. Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09912-2_13.

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Sangeetha, N., J. Ebenesar Anna Bagyam, and K. Udayachandrika. "Performance Analysis of Retrial Queueing System in Wireless Local Area Network." In Proceedings of International Conference on Network Security and Blockchain Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3182-6_10.

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Sato, Yutaka, Noriyuki Amano, and Akitomo Matsuki. "Use of an Inter-Bed Local Area Network System in Operating Room." In Computing and Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care. Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68201-1_61.

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Karthikeya, Taneeru, T. R. Manjula, Unnati K. Murthy, P. Uday Kumar, Gobburu Narasimha Manoj, and S. Ravikumar. "Design and Development of Energy Harvesting System for Wireless Local Area Network." In Data Science and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7814-4_18.

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Agarwal, Amit, Rigzing Norbu Sherpa, and Ankit Kumar Singh. "Implementation of Home Surveillance System Using Local Area Network and Internet of Things." In Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3450-4_63.

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Xu, Shaonan, Fang Chang, Feng Luo, and Maosheng Xia. "The Application of Wireless Local Area Network Technology in University Laboratory Equipment Management System." In Application of Intelligent Systems in Multi-modal Information Analytics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05237-8_53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ethernet (Local area network system)"

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Glista, Andrew S., and John Nahvi. "A Broadband Wave Division Multiplexed (WDM) Local Area Network for Military Aircraft Using Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) Components." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35062.

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The US Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) has recognized the need to rapidly test and evaluate (T&amp;E) Generation II commercial, fiber optic and photonic components for use in harsh, military aerospace environments. This paper describes the Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) Fiber-Optic Network (FON) demonstration program for the Navy EA-6B aircraft. The EA-6B Integrated Program Team is designing, developing and flight-testing a broadband fiber-optic Local Area Network (LAN) using ruggedized commercial WDM components and single mode cables and connectors. This WDM fiber optic backbone will be the first test demonstration of a network capable of simultaneously transferring both multi-protocol digital information and broadband radio frequency (RF) analog signals. Flight-testing of the digital portion of the system will take place on the EA-6B Tactical Electronic Attack aircraft with the support of NAVAIR at Patuxent River, MD. RF performance testing will take place at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Pt. Mugu California EA-6B Weapon System Support Laboratory. The first phase of this program [Flight Testing Optical Communication Using Open Standards (FOCUS) Phase I] demonstrated the survivability of Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) fiber-optic single mode and multi-mode network hardware technology (cables, connectors, transmitters, receivers, encoders, decoders, and test equipment) on the EA-6B aircraft. The objective of the second phase of this program (FOCUS Phase II) is to design, develop, test and demonstrate, in the laboratory a (WDM ) network capable of simultaneously transmitting ultra wideband Radio Frequency (RF) analog signals as well as digital transmission protocols including Ethernet (10baseT), MIL-STD-1553, and ARINC-429 (et. al.) over a single fiber cable. The WDM FON system will then be installed and tested in the EA-6B aircraft. This paper will describe the backbone network design, which includes the network topology, test results on the proposed COTS components (lasers, couplers, add/drops, receivers etc.), and bandwidth allocation on the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) grid. Packaging of the COTS components to survive the extremely harsh military aircraft environment is also described.
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Miettinen, Juha, Pekka Salmenpera¨, Ville Ja¨rvinen, and Matti Hirvonen. "Wireless Operation Monitoring System for Polymer Covered Cylinders in Rolling Contact." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/struc-29160.

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Polymer covered cylindrical rolls are typically used in different paper machine sections like in calenders and in coating units. The main reason for the use of soft-coated rolls is that by using the soft rolls the contact area becomes larger. Strongly loaded line contact causes deformations and heat generation in the polymer cover. In paper production process impurities, like paper pieces, may catch on the surface of the roll. Impurities cause locally larger deformation in the cover. The local deformation produces a higher local temperature area, which can cause cracks in the cover, to loosen the cover from the base and to fracture the cover locally. If a local failure happens the fragments of the cover can damage also the other rolls. In this paper an operation monitoring system for on-line monitoring of roll cover is presented. The system is installed in a laboratory pilot roll installation, where the rolling contact consists of a hard and a soft roll. The measurement system consists of on-line measurement of acoustic emission (AE) of the roll. Additionally the temperature distribution of the roll, the ploymer cover and the position angle of the roll are measured. The measurement signal is transferred from the rotating roll via wireless local area network (WLAN) to the measurement computer. The measurement control computer is connected to the LAN of the laboratory and the measurements can be followed and analyzed with different computers and also via Internet. The paper describes the principles of acoustic emission signal processing and analysis and the construction of the wireless Ethernet-based operation monitoring system.
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Daniels, Charles J. "Fiber-optic components for LANs and data communications." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.wd1.

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Fiber optic local area networking (FOLAN) is rapidly becoming a reality. It has gone from an engineering curiosity to a commercially available product within the last few years thanks to the emerging standards and general acceptance of fiber optics. FOLANs are ideal for high speed data transport. They eliminate ground loop problems; the media does not require shielding and, in general, requires less space and is lighter weight. Fiber optic media has a much higher bandwidth than equivalent wire systems which will allow for future expansion without requiring a cable plant change. The question of what is presently available and how a typical system is implemented will be answered. There are several FOLANs commercially available or under development at this time. Generically most of them fall in one of these categories: token rings, token buses, and continuous sense multiple access/collision detect (CSMA/CD) networks. Perhaps the most well-known token ring is the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI). One implementation of the token bus is the manufacture automated protocol (MAP). The most popular implementation of CSMA/CD is Ethernet. A brief description of each of the protocols, connection schemes, and available hardware used to implement the networks will be given. The FDDI network will be used to illustrate a typical network realization. The last portion of the presentation will discuss what the future has in store for high speed fiber networks. What are some of the emerging technologies? What is SONET, HPPI, and high-speed channel?
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Zichao, Li, Hu Ziwei, Zhang Geng, and Ma Yan. "Ethernet topology discovery for virtual local area networks with incomplete information." In 2014 4th IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content (IC-NIDC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnidc.2014.7000304.

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Wen, Jun, Craig Hammond, and Eric A. Udren. "Wide-area Ethernet network configuration for system protection messaging." In 2012 65th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2012.6201221.

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Jain, P. C. "Recent trends in next generation terabit Ethernet and gigabit wireless local area network." In 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcom.2016.7980557.

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Blusseau, Floriane. "A simulation model of the NFS service on an Ethernet local area network." In the 21st conference. ACM Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/76738.77342.

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Reichmeyer, F., S. Hariri, W. Song, and K. Jabbour. "An optical hypercube local area network." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1994.323140.

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Furukawa, Yoshimi, and Seiji Kawamura. "Automotive electronics system, software, and local area network." In the 4th international conference. ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1176254.1176256.

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Lee, Jicheol, Sang-Jun Moon, Beomsik Bae, and Jinsung Lee. "Local Area Data Network for 5G System Architecture." In 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2018.8516919.

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Reports on the topic "Ethernet (Local area network system)"

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Meagher, Nancy. ALC LAN (Air Logistics Center Local Area Network) Network Interface Unit System Performance Report. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada215505.

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Maddux, Gary A. Local Area Network (LAN) for System Engineering and Production Directorate (SEPD). Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368546.

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Hill, Warren E. Local Area Network End User Satisfaction Study at the Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration's VA Puget Sound Health Care System. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada372304.

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Pstuty, Norbert, Mark Duffy, Dennis Skidds, et al. Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Geomorphological Monitoring Protocol: Part I—Ocean Shoreline Position, Version 2. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293713.

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Following a review of Vital Signs – indicators of ecosystem health – in the coastal parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (NCBN), knowledge of shoreline change was ranked as the top variable for monitoring. Shoreline change is a basic element in the management of any coastal system because it contributes to the understanding of the functioning of the natural resources and to the administration of the cultural resources within the parks. Collection of information on the vectors of change relies on the establishment of a rigorous system of protocols to monitor elements of the coastal geomorphology that are guided by three basic principles: 1) all of the elements in the protocols are to be based on scientific principles; 2) the products of the monitoring must relate to issues of importance to park management; and 3) the application of the protocols must be capable of implementation at the local level within the NCBN. Changes in ocean shoreline position are recognized as interacting with many other elements of the Ocean Beach-Dune Ecosystem and are thus both driving and responding to the variety of natural and cultural factors active at the coast at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. The direction and magnitude of shoreline change can be monitored through the application of a protocol that tracks the spatial position of the neap-tide, high tide swash line under well-defined conditions of temporal sampling. Spring and fall surveys conducted in accordance with standard operating procedures will generate consistent and comparable shoreline position data sets that can be incorporated within a data matrix and subsequently analyzed for temporal and spatial variations. The Ocean Shoreline Position Monitoring Protocol will be applied to six parks in the NCBN: Assateague Island National Seashore, Cape Cod National Seashore, Fire Island National Seashore, Gateway National Recreation Area, George Washington Birthplace National Monument, and Sagamore Hill National Historic Site. Monitoring will be accomplished with a Global Positioning System (GPS )/ Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) unit capable of sub-meter horizontal accuracy that is usually mounted on an off-road vehicle and driven along the swash line. Under the guidance of a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (Psuty et al., 2022), the monitoring will generate comparable data sets. The protocol will produce shoreline change metrics following the methodology of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by the United States Geological Survey. Annual Data Summaries and Trend Reports will present and analyze the collected data sets. All collected data will undergo rigorous quality-assurance and quality-control procedures and will be archived at the offices of the NCBN. All monitoring products will be made available via the National Park Service’s Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal.
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Ptsuty, Norbert, Andrea Habeck, and Christopher Menke. Shoreline position and coastal topographical change monitoring at Gateway National Recreation Area: 2017–2022 and 2007–2022 trend report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299536.

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This trend report summarizes the results of shoreline position and coastal topography monitoring conducted at Gateway National Recreation Area (GATE) in 2007 through 2022. The data collection and report were completed by Rutgers University for the National Park Service, Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, Inventory and Monitoring Program. Gateway National Recreation Area (GATE) is made up of three units: Sandy Hook Unit, Jamaica Bay Unit (Breezy Point, Plumb Beach), and Staten Island Unit (Great Kills, Miller Field, Fort Wadsworth). Shoreline position change results include a spatial depiction and statistical analysis of annual changes and 5-year changes in shoreline position as well as a longer-term trend analysis incorporating the full shoreline analysis of 2007 through 2022, all following the model presented in Psuty et al. (2022a). Coastal topography datasets include profiles of survey data collected annually, annual change metrics, net change metrics, as well as an alongshore depiction of net change, following the model presented in Psuty et al. (2012). This 2007–2022 trend report is the third GATE trend report to incorporate both shoreline position and coastal topographical change data. Due to the variable exposure to incident waves influencing inputs of sediment to the alongshore transport system in the various units from updrift sources, there was no common direction of shoreline displacement or profile change throughout the GATE park units. Engineering structures along the beach and adjacent to inlets altered the shoreline position and coastal topography responses in much of GATE. Generally, the largest vectors of shoreline position change and changes in coastal topography were produced by natural impacts such as storms and by anthropogenic impacts such as dredging or beach nourishment at an updrift location. All of the park units in GATE displayed the impacts of an absence of a source of sediment to counter the erosional impacts of the coastal storms. All of the units had a net inland displacement of shoreline position over the survey period, with some short term recovery associated with local pulses of sediment transfer. Sites with ocean exposure were more heavily eroded (Sandy Hook Oceanside, Breezy Point Oceanside, and Great Kills Oceanside), than sheltered sites (Sandy Hook Bayside, Breezy Point Bayside, Great Kills Bayside, Plumb Beach, Miller Field, Fort Wadsworth). A comparison of the shoreline position and profile data from this survey period with those from the previous trend reports highlights the impacts of Hurricane Sandy and the variety of recovery episodes throughout GATE (Psuty et al. 2018). The trend lines for the sites are often divided into pre-Hurricane Sandy (2012) and post- Hurricane Sandy because of the magnitude of the changes to the shoreline position (1D) and coastal topography (2D) metrics. There was considerable resilience in the system to re-establish the dune-beach system, although not in its original location. The continuing negative sediment budget and the increasing rate of relative sea-level rise will result in episodic inland migration of the dune-beach system and will necessitate a concomitant review of the allocation of space for visitor use and recreation.
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Virtucio, Michael, Barbaros Cetiner, Bingyu Zhao, Kenichi Soga, and Erturgul Taciroglu. A Granular Framework for Modeling the Capacity Loss and Recovery of Regional Transportation Networks under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study on the Port of Los Angeles. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxhg3206.

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Earthquakes, being both unpredictable and potentially destructive, pose great risks to critical infrastructure systems like transportation. It becomes crucial, therefore, to have both a fine-grained and holistic understanding of how the current state of a transportation system would fare during hypothetical hazard scenarios. This paper introduces a synthesis approach to assessing the impacts of earthquakes by coupling an image-based structure-and-site-specific bridge fragility generation methodology with regional-scale traffic simulations and economic loss prediction models. The proposed approach’s use of context-rich data such as OpenStreetMap and Google Street View enables incorporating information that is abstracted in standard loss analysis tools like HAZUS in order to construct nonlinear bridge models and corresponding fragility functions. The framework uses a semi-dynamic traffic assignment model run on a regional traffic network that includes all freeways and local roads (1,444,790 edges) and outputs traffic volume on roads before and after bridge closures due to an earthquake as well as impacts to individual trips (42,056,426 trips). The combination of these models enables granularity, facilitating a bottom-up approach to estimating costs incurred solely due to physical damage to the transportation network. As a case study, the proposed framework is applied to the road network surrounding the Port of Los Angeles---an infrastructure of crucial importance---for assessing resilience and losses at a high resolution. It is found that the port area is disproportionately impacted in the hypothetical earthquake scenario, and delays in bridge repair can lead to a 50% increase in costs.
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Sanders, Suzanne, and Jessica Kirschbaum. Forest health monitoring at Mississippi National River and Recreation Area: 2022 field season. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301407.

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The Mississippi National River and Recreation area (MISS), situated along a 116 km stretch of the Mississippi River through the Minneapolis and St. Paul urban corridor, encompasses ~21,800 ha of public and private land. In 2022, the Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network (GLKN) resampled permanent forest monitoring sites in the park, marking the second assessment of these sites, which were established and initially sampled in 2011. The goal of this long-term monitoring project is to provides managers with routine updates on which to base management decisions; these data can also be used to tease apart impacts and elucidate causal agents when novel problems or situations arise. We initiated a comprehensive forest monitoring program at MISS in 2011, establishing 33 sites at that time. High water levels during our sampling window that year precluded sampling on many of our planned sites while on others, water levels had only recently subsided. Here, the full complement of herbs had not yet emerged. In 2022, we resampled existing sites and established additional locations, bringing the total to 50. Sampled and derived metrics included trees (density and basal area of live trees, seedlings, and snags (i.e., standing dead trees)), understory (herb and shrub frequency), browse (bite marks on woody species and presence and height of herbaceous species), and taxa richness. We classified sites into four broad forest types using the newer (2022) dataset, resulting in two upland types (upland rich, upland disturbed) and two floodplain types (box elder-dominated and silver maple-dominated). Because of sampling difficulties in 2011, we are only comparing tree, sapling, and snag data between years. At upland rich sites, overall tree (? 2.5 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) density declined 22%, while that for just the small sapling component (? 2.5 cm, &lt; 5 cm DBH) fell 41%. Species experiencing notable losses include basswood (Tilia americana L.), elm (Ulmus L.), bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.). All three resampled sites are located in Spring Lake Park Reserve and subjected to high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) browse pressure. We sampled seven sites in upland disturbed forests, where overall tree density fell 17% from 778 ? 215 trees/ha to 648 ? 72 trees/ha, largely due to declines in elm, ash (Fraxinus sp. L.), and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.). While changes in black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) mirrored this pattern in diameter classes above 5 cm, density of saplings increased 12-fold, largely due to a swamping effect from one site, possibly in response to buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) removal. In the nine box elder-dominated sites, overall tree density declined from 635 ? 47 in 2011 to 500 ? 58 trees/ha in 2022, mainly reflecting changes in box elder (Acer negundo L.), elm, and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.). In these sites, density of large (? 30 cm DBH) snags increased from 2.5 ? 1.6 to 11.1 ? 4.4 snags/ha. In silver maple-dominated floodplain forests, tree density in the 12 sites fell from 421 ? 63 to 291 ? 23 trees/ha, with declines observed in all five dominant species. Sapling density was low in these sites, falling from 62.6 ? 36 in 2011 to 23.6 ? 11 saplings/ha in 2022. Our observations likely reflect both deer browse and alteration of the flow regime by river impoundment. At upland sites, deer browse is impeding regeneration of all major upland species: red oak, bitternut hickory, basswood, and elm. While browse is also occurring in floodplain sites, prolonged inundation may play a larger role in regeneration failure here. Saplings of silver maple, box elder, cottonwood, elm, and hackberry all have some degree of susceptibility to inundation, ranging from moderate tolerance to completely intolerant. The Mississippi River experienced flooding in 2014, 2017, and again in 2019 when flood stage was exceeded for a record number of days in St. Paul. Sapling decline at floodplain sites is likely a direct result of this. Forest management within the park should focus both on invasive species control and floodplain reforestation. Several sites with heavy invasive weed species are in areas where leveraging local volunteers for removal projects may be possible. Floodplain reforestation requires a dual approach of research and active management. Research is needed to determine preferred propagule types and planting stock, as well as the most effective ways to control invasives, especially reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). Active floodplain reforestation can alleviate many of the issues we found here, although this is expensive, limited in scope, and carries with it a great deal of uncertainty. Nonetheless, projects undertaken at a small scale can provide lessons to managers, based on which aspects were successful and which were not. Many of the park forests at MISS are nearing an inflection point and are at risk of becoming irreversibly altered if countermeasures are not undertaken in the near future. At this point, steps taken to promote ecosystem integrity are likely to be less costly and more effective than those which may be needed after further ecosystem decline. The river system through the Twin Cities metro area provides numerous services, both ecological and otherwise. As the need to act is becoming a pressing issue, it is incumbent on land managers to recognize this, and address it.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project: Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.

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The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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