Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ethical decision making models

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ethical decision making models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethical decision making models"

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Zhilla, Fabian, Layal Abou Daher, Cenk Lacin Arikan, and Moufid El-Khoury. "Conceptualizing the determinants of ethical decision making in business organizations." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (October 17, 2018): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.03.

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Understanding the role of the determinants of the ethical decision making in business organizations has become increasingly appealing to the field of business ethics. Various ethical decision making models put more emphasis on a narrow set of determinants. In concert with other contextual factors, these determinants appear to drive the ethical decision making in business organizations. However, in the literature there seems to be room for a more holistic set of determinants, which can explain effectively and holistically the diverse ethical rationales underlying the decision making more effectively. In this paper, the authors set out several ethical models and extract the predominant determinants. After portraying the main literature, the authors conclude that the most recent models are based on the first generation of ethical models, which tend to be more theoretical than empirical. They note the lack of empirical research in this area, which can be explained by both the nature and the intricateness of business ethics. They find that empirical analysis, when it exists, tends to focus on specific variables. The authors highlight at the end of the paper the need for integrative ethical models, which tackle not only the “how” but also the “why” of ethical decision making.
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Carvalho, Luiz Paulo, Flávia Maria Santoro, and Jonice Oliveira. "Representing ethical decision-making graphically." Journal on Interactive Systems 13, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/jis.2022.2603.

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Ethical Decision-Making Models (EDMMs) can formalize the course of action through which agents reach their decision-making processes, concerning morals and ethics. The interest in ethical decision-making both from academia and practitioners in Business Computing has increased recently due to the applied computing advances, specially regarding Artificial Intelligence. Research is mainly focused on theoretical models to explain ethical decision-making, factors that influence it or measuring tools to assess it. However, to the best of our knowledge there is an absence of a graphic resource to represent the elements of an EDMM that goes beyond the textual scope. This paper is a first proposal in thinking-making a graphical representation that includes elements of EDMM, enables a more complete information panorama as possible, documents ethical decision-making and facilitates the visualization of these knowledge assets.
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Jangsiriwattana, Thamarat, Sanober Salman, and Boonthipa Jiantreeangkool. "Ethical Decision- Making Model for Thai Context." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 8, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i2.13174.

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The ethics issue has been receiving massive attention of today’s managers due to the publicized scandals and cases of fraud, bankruptcy and others. For managerial convenience numerous ethical decision making models were proposed by researchers, but six models are widely accepted by ethics based practitioners (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2008). Each model has unique characteristics, which enhances understanding about ethical dilemma. This paper reviewed the relevant literature and utilized seven models: (Kelly & Elm, 2003; Jones, 1991; Ferrell, Gresham & Fraedrich, 1989; Hunt & Vitell, 1986; Trevino, 1986; Ferrell & Gresham, 1985; Kohlberg, 1969) and then cultivated ethical decision-making model for Thai context. In addition, the authors also reviewed the literature on Thai culture and focused on Buddhist philosophy, beliefs, values and norms of Thai people. Finally, the Seven ethical decision making models and Buddhist philosophy were integrated together to propose a model for ethical decision making for Thai organization.
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Berends, Lynda. "Ethical decision-making in evaluation." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 7, no. 2 (September 2007): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x0700700206.

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While ethical concerns are a central issue in evaluation, few evaluators have formal training in this area and consensus has not been reached about what evaluators seek in regard to ethics. In this article, different approaches to ethical review are described, drawing from: existing research on how evaluators currently deal with these concerns; the formal process put forward by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council, and theoretical models of decision-making. Findings from a regional forum on ethics and evaluation, which was held in Melbourne in 2006, are also reported. The Australasian Evaluation Society should continue to promote discussion on ethics to further the knowledge and skills of evaluators and the AES may also have a role in educating human research ethics committees, to increase their capacity to respond appropriately to evaluation proposals.
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Cooper, Richard Jason. "Making the case for ethical decision-making models." Nurse Prescribing 10, no. 12 (December 2012): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2012.10.12.607.

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Kalajtzidis, Ján. "Ethical decision making during disasters1." Human Affairs 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2016-0003.

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Abstract Neither in theory nor in practice does there exist a single model of decision making. It is very difficult to identify a model, or models, which would be most useful during and after a disaster. Within the disaster timeframe (a difficult and complex situation), specific moral dilemmas arise. All the decision making theories tend to be associated with different assumptions about human nature, the quality of the decisions made and the manner in which they are made. Different assumptions may result in different tools being used and subsequently different consequences. The paper will provide a general introduction to the ethical decision making model, and will suggest two ways in which decisions in ethics might be made. The paper will try to deepen the discussion, and suggest answers to questions such as which type of ethical decision making is better in a specific situation such as a disaster? Is there any need to use a different decision making model (from an ethical point of view) in a disaster than in another event? Nonetheless, the article does not provide explicit solutions to these questions, since providing them would require further investigation than is the aim of this paper.
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Gupta, Seema, and Shilpa Bhandari. "Dual Process Ethical Decision-Making Models: Need for Empirical Examination." Business Ethics and Leadership 6, no. 3 (2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(3).47-56.2022.

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The main purpose of the study is to examine various ethical decision-making models based on Dual Process Theory (DPT) and to determine the features of their application in business management. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of managerial decision-making indicates that despite a significant number of data publications, the issue of the implementation and effectiveness of ethical models is poorly researched and requires a more detailed analysis. The object of research is secondary data contained in scientific articles published in journals. The paper examines the social-intuitive-emotional context of the ethical decision-making process, which can help understand the management context of these models. The results of the empirical analysis of the features of the use of the Social-Intuitionist (S-I), Cognitive-Intuitionist (C-I), and Cognitive-Affective models (C-A) models in the decision-making process proved the existence of significant differences between them. The methodological tools of the research were the theories of emotion and intuition, as they directly relate to the “Integrated Ethical Decision Making” (I-EDM) model, which is the most practiced in the actual business setting. The article proposes a conceptual integrated R-S-I-E Ethical Decision-Making model, which can be used in testing theoretical research questions and hypotheses related to business ethics. This model considers individual factors, personal moral philosophy (deontology, teleology), and the moral intensity managers feel during a moral dilemma. Based on the research results, the consequences of overcoming the gap between the existing theoretical developments on these issues and the peculiarities of the decision-making process in practice are summarized. The research results can be used in the empirical evaluation of ethical models in different cultural conditions (including India) and be helpful for the management of companies in making ethical decisions.
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Tarvydas, Vilia M. "Decision Making Models in Ethics: Models for Increased Clarity and Wisdom." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 18, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.18.4.50.

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The importance of appropriate decision-making models in ethical judgment by rehabilitation counseling practitioners is discussed. Several prominent models for decision making in ethics are reviewed, including professional self-exploration, moral reasoning discourse, developmental process, and multidimensional, integrative process models.
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Fan, L. C. N. "Decision-making models for handling ethical dilemmas." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 156, no. 4 (December 2003): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2003.156.4.229.

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Park, Hyeoun-Ae, Miriam E. Cameron, Sung-Suk Han, Sung-Hee Ahn, Hyo-Sook Oh, and Kyeong-Uoon Kim. "Korean Nursing Students’ Ethical Problems and Ethical Decision Making." Nursing Ethics 10, no. 6 (November 2003): 638–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733003ne653oa.

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This Korean study replicated a previously published American study. The conceptual framework and method combined ethical enquiry and phenomenology. The research questions were: (1) What is nursing students’ experience of ethical problems involving nursing practice? and, (2) What is nursing students’ experience of using an ethical decision-making model? The participants were 97 senior baccalaureate nursing students, each of whom described one ethical problem and chose to use one of five ethical decision-making models. From 97 ethical problems, five content categories emerged, the largest being health professionals (69%). The basic nature of the ethical problems was the students’ experience of conflict, resolution and rationale. Using an ethical decision-making model helped 94% of the students. A comparison of the Korean and American results yields important implications for nursing ethics education, practice and research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethical decision making models"

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DeAnda, Paula K. "Ethical Decision Making Model for Withdrawing Life Support." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610432.

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Withdrawing a loved one from life support, or life-prolonging treatments, can be devastating, and it occurs with increasing frequency in our modern day hospitals. Families face difficult decisions that will ultimately end up in the demise of the patient. Guidance or assistance of any type that can make this complicated time easier, even if in the smallest way, can result in better outcomes. Identifying an ethical decision making model, and using it with consistency, is a noble and necessary objective. The purpose of this project was to review the literature related to cultural beliefs surrounding death, end-of-life decision making, and the models used in that process. The personal story of a family who faced the decision to withdraw life support of family member, and the decision making process inherent in that journey is also presented. This family's experience is considered within current context of decision making models in the literature. These decision making models are analyzed and provide the basis for the author's proposed model for future use in making decisions about withdrawing life support.
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Naidoo, Mineshree. "Ethical decision-making amongst HR employees within a retails organisation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5574_1297921236.

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The aim of this research was to examine whether a significant relationship exists between ethical decision-making had an impact on HR employees within a retail organisation. The questionnaire for the South African Board for People Practices, and the Ethical Position Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 150 employees in a large retail organisation within the Western Cape &ndash
South Africa. The researcher used a non-probability sampling technique specifically, a convenience sampling approach. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between moral awareness and decision-making amongst HR employees. However with regards to gender there seems to be no statistical significant relationship amongst HR employees and ethical decision-making. Similarly results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between ethical ideology and ethical decision-making. Notwithstanding the limited generalisability of this study, implications for research and practice are suggested and recommendations are made to facilitate improved functioning.

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Shaw, Deirdre. "Consumed by ethics? : a model building approach to ethical consumer decision-making." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311798.

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Malloy, David Cruise. "An interpretative-theoretical model of ethical decision-making for sport organizations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7915.

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The purpose of this study is to develop a model of ethical decision making which will provide a generic and comprehensive philosophical and psychological theoretical foundation for the extension of current theoretical knowledge of ethical behaviour in organizations. In addition, the study's purpose is to provide information which might enhance the practitioner's ability to make ethically right, good, and authentic decisions. The primary data for the study are 14 theoretical models of ethical decision making developed in or having relevance ot administrative contexts. The study employs an interpretative-theoretical methodology of model construction which is both rigorous and deliberative. This methodology consists of four sequential phases: exploration, analysis, classification, and explanation. The five questions posed are as follows: (1) What is the purpose of ethical decision making? (2) What are the theoretical foundations of ethical decision making? (3) What are the elements of ethical decision making? (4) What are the moderators of ethical decision making? (5) What is the process of ethical decision making? The study concludes that there are two general purposes of ethical decision making in administrative contexts, member utility and organizational utility. Member utility refers to the enhanced effectiveness of organizational members who are able to avoid ethical transgression; organizational utility refers to the general enhancement of the organization in terms of efficiency and effectiveness as mediated through the organizational culture and climate. The theoretical foundations for ethical decision making are philosophical and psychological. Seven elements of ethical decision making are identified in the model. These elements are the recognition of the ethical issue, alternative generation, ethical evaluation of the alternatives, ethical judgement, intention, overt ethical/unethical behaviour, and ethical evaluation of behaviour. The moderators of ethical decision making are eclectic and have been grouped into five distinct categories of influencing variables. They are: individual, issue specific, significant other, situational, and external moderators. The moderators influence the decision maker and the ethical decision-making process. The model proposes that the process that ought to be employed by decision makers is open and rational. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ping, Alistair C. "Why good people do bad things in business." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/114002/1/Alistair_Ping_Thesis.pdf.

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In this thesis inter-disciplinary research from the fields of business ethics, moral philosophy, criminology, social psychology and neuro-cognitive science are synthesised to develop a causal factor model which explains why good people do bad things in business. The model was tested by interviewing senior executives involved in corporate crimes and the results have significant implications for ethics education and training.
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Kalinoski, Zachary Thomas. "Recognizing the Implicit and Explicit Aspects of Ethical Decision-Making: Schemas, Work Climates, and Counterproductive Work Behaviors." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1339789100.

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Bimpli, Iva. "Investigating Ethical Decision Making in Marketing Research: An Exploratory Study Towards the Interaction of Different Moral Agents in Marketing Research." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14401.

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Shapeero, Michael P. "Premature audit sign-offs and the underreporting of chargeable time in public accounting : examination of an ethical decision making model /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151528/.

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Ходцева, Алла Олександрівна, Алла Александровна Ходцева, and Alla Oleksandrivna Khodtseva. "Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, TESOL Ukraine, 2000. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63589.

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Jacobs, Phillip A. H. "The identification and evaluation of key sustainable development indicators and the development of a conceptual decision-making model for capital investment within Gold Fields Limited (GFL)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008304.

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The current trends in sustainable development (SO) were examined in this study, which brought about the realisation that SO has become a business imperative. Mining, which is a highly impacting industry, is faced with the dilemma of implementing the principles of SO despite the realisation that its activities are severely limited by· the finite nature of the resource it is capitalising on. This reality, however, does not detract from the non-negotiable requirement for the industry to meet the increasing pressures to act responsibly towards the environment and the community in which it operates. Gold Fields has stepped up to the plate and has already taken several steps to achieve this end. These include the adoption of SO in its Vision, Values and strategies and the development and implementation of a SO framework to ensure the integration of the principles of SO into the business. Furthermore, Gold Fields has also entered into voluntary activities that further cement the commitment the company has towards so. These other initiatives include, inter alia, its International Council on Mining and Metals membership, UN Global Compact participation, becoming a signatory to the cyanide code, IS014001, and so on. This study focussed on several indicator categories and the identification of a set of supporting sustainable development indicators (SOls) for each, which included environmental, social, economic, technological, and ethics, legal and corporate governance (not in order of priority). These indicators were assessed by a carefully selected group of respondents whose collective wisdom and expertise were used to identify and weight supporting SOls for each of the indicator categories. These supporting SOls were in turn used to develop a model that is able to assist in the business's decision making processes when capital investment is being considered . A water treatment project that is currently being considered by Gold Fields was utilised to demonstrate how the decision making model can be applied to two different scenarios. The result clearly and successfully demonstrated that by proactively taking environmental, economic, social, technological, and ethics, legal and corporate governance considerations into account, a gold mining company is able to increase the level of SO of a capital investment project.
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Books on the topic "Ethical decision making models"

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H, Husted James, ed. Ethical decision making in nursing. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1995.

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H, Husted James, ed. Ethical decision making in nursing. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1991.

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Joseph, Mary Vincentia. Developing and teaching models of ethical decision making. Chicago, IL: School of Social Work, Loyola University of Chicago, 1988.

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L, Husted Gladys, ed. Ethical decision making in nursing and healthcare: The symphonological approach. 4th ed. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 2008.

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Husted, Gladys L. Bioethical decision making in nursing. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2015.

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A, Connell Mary, and Denney Robert L, eds. Ethical practice in forensic psychology: A systematic model for decision making. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2006.

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Bush, Shane S., Mary A. Connell, and Robert L. Denney. Ethical practice in forensic psychology: A systematic model for decision making. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11469-000.

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Ethical argument: Critical thinking in ethics. New York: Paragon House, 1993.

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Interweavement: International media ethics and rational decision-making. New York: Custom Pub., 2008.

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Postow, B. C. Reasons for action: Toward a normative theory and meta-level criteria. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ethical decision making models"

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McCleary, Daniel F., and Jillian Dawes. "Ethical Decision-Making Models." In School Psychology Ethics in the Workplace, 17–25. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273950-3.

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Young, Gerald. "Ethical Decision Making: Fallacies/Biases and Models." In Revising the APA Ethics Code, 213–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60002-4_8.

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Hauck, Jessica M., and Thomson J. Ling. "Art Therapy Ethical Decision-Making Models 1." In Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Creative Arts Therapies, 15–28. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003175124-2.

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Marinkovic, Valentina, Heather L. Rogers, Roman Andrzej Lewandowski, and Ivana Stevic. "Shared Decision Making." In Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Person-Centered Healthcare, 71–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79353-1_5.

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AbstractThis chapter is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the concept and models of shared decision-making as a framework of person-centered care. The second section focuses on multicriteria decision-making techniques in healthcare settings and literature review about multicriteria decision making analysis methods used in healthcare is presented. The third section introduces the ethical and practical considerations about shared decision-making in person-centered care. In this section, the patient narratives are included, as well as the barriers to implementation.
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Young, Gerald. "A Model of Ethical Thought and Ethical Decision-Making." In Malingering, Feigning, and Response Bias in Psychiatric/ Psychological Injury, 611–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7899-3_24.

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Bush, Shane S., Mary A. Connell, and Robert L. Denney. "Addressing Ethical Misconduct." In Ethical practice in forensic psychology: A systematic model for decision making., 123–37. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11469-007.

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Bommer, Michael, Clarence Gratto, Jerry Gravander, and Mark Tuttle. "A Behavioral Model of Ethical and Unethical Decision Making." In Citation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics, 97–117. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4126-3_5.

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Cottone, R. Rocco. "Ethical decision making in mental health contexts: Representative models and an organizational framework." In APA handbook of ethics in psychology, Vol 1: Moral foundations and common themes., 99–121. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13271-004.

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Heritsch, Scott, and Linell A. J.D. Letendre. "Engineering Model for Ethical Decision-Making and Regulation in Autonomous Systems." In Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32193-6_155-1.

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Heritsch, Scott, and Linell A. Letendre. "Engineering Model for Ethical Decision-Making and Regulation in Autonomous Systems." In Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32193-6_155-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ethical decision making models"

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Alaieri, Fahad, and Andre Vellino. "A decision making model for ethical (ro)bots." In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors (IRIS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iris.2017.8250122.

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Hegde, Aditya, Vibhav Agarwal, and Shrisha Rao. "Ethics, Prosperity, and Society: Moral Evaluation Using Virtue Ethics and Utilitarianism." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/24.

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Modelling ethics is critical to understanding and analysing social phenomena. However, prior literature either incorporates ethics into agent strategies or uses it for evaluation of agent behaviour. This work proposes a framework that models both, ethical decision making as well as evaluation using virtue ethics and utilitarianism. In an iteration, agents can use either the classical Continuous Prisoner's Dilemma or a new type of interaction called moral interaction, where agents donate or steal from other agents. We introduce moral interactions to model ethical decision making. We also propose a novel agent type, called virtue agent, parametrised by the agent's level of ethics. Virtue agents' decisions are based on moral evaluations of past interactions. Our simulations show that unethical agents make short term gains but are less prosperous in the long run. We find that in societies with positivity bias, unethical agents have high incentive to become ethical. The opposite is true of societies with negativity bias. We also evaluate the ethicality of existing strategies and compare them with those of virtue agents.
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Yilmaz, Levent, Ana Franco-Watkins, and Timothy S. Kroecker. "Coherence-driven Reflective Equilibrium model of ethical decision-making." In 2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2016.7497784.

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Zhang, Yongcheng, Meixiang Huang, and Dongdong Hao. "The four-level valuation model of ethical decision-making." In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering (ICIFE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icife.2010.5609478.

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Hassim, A. Aliza, Stephen Kajewski, and Bambang Trigunarsyah. "A Conceptual Framework for Ethical Decision Making in Project Procurement." In Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_s1-p17-cd.

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Poon Chong, Peter, and Terrence Lalla. "A REVIEW OF BIAS IN DECISION-MAKING MODELS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/aata9467.

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A decision-making model solution is a dependent variable derived from independent variables, parameters and forcing functions. Independent variables collected in linguistic form require intuition which can be potentially biased. A collection of qualitative research papers on bias in models was perused to identify the causes of bias. Decision-making in the manufacturing, finance, law, and management industries require solutions from a complex assortment of data. The popularity of combining decision-making with artificial intelligence (AI) for intelligent systems causes concern, as it can be a predisposition to a true solution. A true solution avoids impartiality and maintains repeated results from a natural phenomenon without favoritism or discrimination. This paper appraised the development of the decision-making environment to identify the path and effect of bias on the variables used in models. The literature reviewed was associated with the design of a decision-making criterion rationalizing the application of variables. The influences on variables were observed with respect to the available resources, environment, and people. This list was further extended to consider the constraints of the resource, customer, network, and regulation fed to the structure. The involvement of bias was founded because of the need for rational decision making, cognitive misperceptions, and psychological principles. The study of variables showed the opportunity for a conscious bias from unethical actions during the development of a decision-making environment. In principle, bias may be best reduced with continuous model monitoring and fair adjustments. Ignoring these implications increases the chance of a bias decision-making model. It also influences the decision result and may be avoided with an ethical and fair quality review. The paper increases the awareness of bias in decision-making and guides actors to the identification and avoidance/reduction of bias effects. This may be a guide for the reduction of the model error to achieve a true solution.
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Gao, Ruiqin. "Validating an Ethical Decision-Making Model of Assessment Using Authentic Scenarios." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1434622.

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Tho, Quach Hai, Huynh Cong Phap, and Pham Anh Phuong. "A solution to ethical and legal problem with the decision-making model of autonomous vehicles." In 2019 11th International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering (KSE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kse.2019.8919452.

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Carvalho, Luiz Paulo, Jonice Oliveira, and Flávia Maria Santoro. "Uma análise exploratória de práticas associadas à Ética Computacional através do ciberespaço brasileiro." In Workshop sobre as Implicações da Computação na Sociedade. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wics.2021.15959.

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A Tomada de Decisão Ética (Ethical Decision-Making - EDM) é um fenômeno multifacetado. No entanto, os estudiosos frequentemente negligenciam sua natureza heterogênea. Apesar da diversidade de abordagens (por exemplo, fatores de influência, modelos de EDM, escalas de medição adotadas), a pesquisa empírica também falhou em gerar resultados cumulativos. Neste artigo, analisamos duzentas e trinta e uma respostas a um questionário veiculado majoritariamente entre especialistas em Computação, associadas a "práticas imorais ou antiéticas" que eles tenham se envolvido, direta ou indiretamente. Nossa intenção é investigar estes fenômenos por uma ótica disruptiva e inovadora, a Ética da Resistência; por abordagem mista; sem juízo criminal, legal ou penal; considerando o máximo de elementos e fatores possíveis extraídos.
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Dangelmaier, Manfred, Wilhelm Bauer, and Zimu Chen. "Interdisciplinary Communication and Advice under Uncertainty in a Pandemic." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001356.

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Communication in a pandemic is difficult and complex. It is characterized by volatile situations associated with a high degree of uncertainty and, in some cases, social divergence in groups and societies. Orientation is expected, by politicians and individuals, from science. However, sciences are only fulfilling the expectations to a limited extent. We demonstrate that there are severe weaknesses in holistic and interdisciplinary communication in the pandemic and show that established tools from management are neglected and overlooked.We then analyze the specific needs of scientific reasoning in pandemic situations such as •a rational approach integrating both estimates and explicit evidence;•expressing and quantifying uncertainty; •considering interdisciplinary aspects in advice and decision making;•the ability to deal with ethical aspects;•simple updates with new findings and evidence.In a third step we compare from literature and own experience existing methods from management science for their suitability against those needs. We find that many of the interdisciplinary tools are deterministic, like Multi Criteria Analyses, and do not support uncertainty. The frequently adopted linear computation of utility values leads to ethical issues. Foresight methods like Delphi or Scenario methods deal with uncertainty and subjectivity. But they are not designed to integrate strong evidence. Strategic planning tools like roadmaps are comprehensible but disappoint in volatile situations. Probabilistic decision making with expected utilities is too complex and suffers from missing data. Heuristics at the other hand are simple but do not allow for comprehensive reasoning. We then argue in a fourth step to use probability in communication and to apply it to decision making in the pandemic. We propose a simple one-step method with a calculus based on Bayes’ theorem and calculate the probabilities of alternative courses of action being the best un der given conditios. With examples we show how arguments from various scientific disciplines can be integrated in decision making and adjusted as new evidence appears. Furthermore, we provide a role model and show by examples how scientists, scientific consultants and decision makers can cooperate and communicate using the method.We conclude that the method fulfils the identified needs to a high degree and is worth to be further developed. We show its epistemic and scientific limitations and give an outlook how likelihood functions may be used to replace negotiated likelihoods by parametric and model based values.
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Reports on the topic "Ethical decision making models"

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Klein, Gary A., Marvin L. Thordsen, and Roberta Calderwood. Descriptive Models of Military Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226884.

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Boudreau, John W., Lee D. Dyer, and Sara L. Rynes. Utility Analysis Models for Personnel Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada312087.

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Black, Jon R. Models for Moral Decision-Making: Negotiating with Death,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada298392.

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Blaha, Leslie M. Graph-based Models for Data and Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594536.

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Tenenbaum, Joshua B., Leslie P. Kaelbling, Michael L. Littman, and David Wingate. Acquiring and Exploiting Rich Causal Models for Robust Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566219.

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Baker, Joanna, Pamela Lattimore, and Ann Witte. An Empirical Assessment of Alternative Models of Risky Decision Making. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2717.

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Bae, Sun Yun, and Ruah-Nah (Terry) Yan. Comparison between Second-Hand Apparel Shoppers versus Non-Shoppers: The Role of Psychographics and Ethical Decision Making. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-479.

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Richards, Whitman. Computational Models for Belief Revision, Group Decision-Making and Cultural Shifts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567102.

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Bogner, Alexander, ed. Bioethical Controversies and Policy Advice: The Production of Ethical Expertise and its Role in the Substantiation of Political Decision-Making. Vienna: self, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ita-pa-ab-05-01.

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Moskowitz, P., R. Pardi, M. DePhillips, and A. Meinhold. Computer models used to support cleanup decision-making at hazardous and radioactive waste sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7256851.

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