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1
DeAnda, Paula K. "Ethical Decision Making Model for Withdrawing Life Support." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610432.
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Withdrawing a loved one from life support, or life-prolonging
treatments, can be devastating, and it occurs with increasing
frequency in our modern day hospitals. Families face difficult
decisions that will ultimately end up in the demise of the patient.
Guidance or assistance of any type that can make this complicated
time easier, even if in the smallest way, can result in better
outcomes. Identifying an ethical decision making model, and using
it with consistency, is a noble and necessary objective.
The purpose of this project was to review the literature
related to cultural beliefs surrounding death, end-of-life decision
making, and the models used in that process. The personal story of
a family who faced the decision to withdraw life support of family
member, and the decision making process inherent in that journey is
also presented. This family's experience is considered within
current context of decision making models in the literature. These
decision making models are analyzed and provide the basis for the
author's proposed model for future use in making decisions about
withdrawing life support.
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Naidoo, Mineshree. "Ethical decision-making amongst HR employees within a retails organisation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5574_1297921236.
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The aim of this research was to examine whether a significant relationship exists between ethical decision-making had an impact on HR employees within a retail organisation. The questionnaire for the South African Board for People Practices, and the Ethical Position Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 150 employees in a large retail organisation within the Western Cape &ndash
South Africa. The researcher used a non-probability sampling technique specifically, a convenience sampling approach. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between moral awareness and decision-making amongst HR employees. However with regards to gender there seems to be no statistical significant relationship amongst HR employees and ethical decision-making. Similarly results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between ethical ideology and ethical decision-making. Notwithstanding the limited generalisability of this study, implications for research and practice are suggested and recommendations are made to facilitate improved functioning.
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Shaw, Deirdre. "Consumed by ethics? : a model building approach to ethical consumer decision-making." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311798.
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Malloy, David Cruise. "An interpretative-theoretical model of ethical decision-making for sport organizations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7915.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a model of ethical decision making which will provide a generic and comprehensive philosophical and psychological theoretical foundation for the extension of current theoretical knowledge of ethical behaviour in organizations. In addition, the study's purpose is to provide information which might enhance the practitioner's ability to make ethically right, good, and authentic decisions. The primary data for the study are 14 theoretical models of ethical decision making developed in or having relevance ot administrative contexts. The study employs an interpretative-theoretical methodology of model construction which is both rigorous and deliberative. This methodology consists of four sequential phases: exploration, analysis, classification, and explanation. The five questions posed are as follows: (1) What is the purpose of ethical decision making? (2) What are the theoretical foundations of ethical decision making? (3) What are the elements of ethical decision making? (4) What are the moderators of ethical decision making? (5) What is the process of ethical decision making? The study concludes that there are two general purposes of ethical decision making in administrative contexts, member utility and organizational utility. Member utility refers to the enhanced effectiveness of organizational members who are able to avoid ethical transgression; organizational utility refers to the general enhancement of the organization in terms of efficiency and effectiveness as mediated through the organizational culture and climate. The theoretical foundations for ethical decision making are philosophical and psychological. Seven elements of ethical decision making are identified in the model. These elements are the recognition of the ethical issue, alternative generation, ethical evaluation of the alternatives, ethical judgement, intention, overt ethical/unethical behaviour, and ethical evaluation of behaviour. The moderators of ethical decision making are eclectic and have been grouped into five distinct categories of influencing variables. They are: individual, issue specific, significant other, situational, and external moderators. The moderators influence the decision maker and the ethical decision-making process. The model proposes that the process that ought to be employed by decision makers is open and rational. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ping, Alistair C. "Why good people do bad things in business." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/114002/1/Alistair_Ping_Thesis.pdf.
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In this thesis inter-disciplinary research from the fields of business ethics, moral philosophy, criminology, social psychology and neuro-cognitive science are synthesised to develop a causal factor model which explains why good people do bad things in business. The model was tested by interviewing senior executives involved in corporate crimes and the results have significant implications for ethics education and training.
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Kalinoski, Zachary Thomas. "Recognizing the Implicit and Explicit Aspects of Ethical Decision-Making: Schemas, Work Climates, and Counterproductive Work Behaviors." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1339789100.
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Bimpli, Iva. "Investigating Ethical Decision Making in Marketing Research: An Exploratory Study Towards the Interaction of Different Moral Agents in Marketing Research." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14401.
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Shapeero, Michael P. "Premature audit sign-offs and the underreporting of chargeable time in public accounting : examination of an ethical decision making model /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151528/.
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Ходцева, Алла Олександрівна, Алла Александровна Ходцева, and Alla Oleksandrivna Khodtseva. "Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, TESOL Ukraine, 2000. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63589.
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Jacobs, Phillip A. H. "The identification and evaluation of key sustainable development indicators and the development of a conceptual decision-making model for capital investment within Gold Fields Limited (GFL)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008304.
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The current trends in sustainable development (SO) were examined in this study, which brought about the realisation that SO has become a business imperative. Mining, which is a highly impacting industry, is faced with the dilemma of implementing the principles of SO despite the realisation that its activities are severely limited by· the finite nature of the resource it is capitalising on. This reality, however, does not detract from the non-negotiable requirement for the industry to meet the increasing pressures to act responsibly towards the environment and the community in which it operates. Gold Fields has stepped up to the plate and has already taken several steps to achieve this end. These include the adoption of SO in its Vision, Values and strategies and the development and implementation of a SO framework to ensure the integration of the principles of SO into the business. Furthermore, Gold Fields has also entered into voluntary activities that further cement the commitment the company has towards so. These other initiatives include, inter alia, its International Council on Mining and Metals membership, UN Global Compact participation, becoming a signatory to the cyanide code, IS014001, and so on. This study focussed on several indicator categories and the identification of a set of supporting sustainable development indicators (SOls) for each, which included environmental, social, economic, technological, and ethics, legal and corporate governance (not in order of priority). These indicators were assessed by a carefully selected group of respondents whose collective wisdom and expertise were used to identify and weight supporting SOls for each of the indicator categories. These supporting SOls were in turn used to develop a model that is able to assist in the business's decision making processes when capital investment is being considered . A water treatment project that is currently being considered by Gold Fields was utilised to demonstrate how the decision making model can be applied to two different scenarios. The result clearly and successfully demonstrated that by proactively taking environmental, economic, social, technological, and ethics, legal and corporate governance considerations into account, a gold mining company is able to increase the level of SO of a capital investment project.
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Slowther, Anne-Marie. "Ethical decision-making in primary care." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409770.
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Woodley, Julie S. "Ethical decision making within multidisciplinary teams." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572854.
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To date research exploring the nature of ethical deliberations and decision making by healthcare teams has been largely ignored. However studying inter-professional approaches to ethical dilemmas may be valuable in offering insights into the processes of shared decision making and how such problems are addressed. Aim To investigate whether healthcare professionals working in teams embrace ethical and philosophical principles in their decisions. A secondary aim was to construct a model for ethical education informed by study data. Design A multi-methods approach comprising of a comprehensive review of the literature focus group interviews and a survey. Sample/participants A total of 112 healthcare personnel representing 15 disciplines were recruited from four large teaching hospitals within the Southwest region. Recruitment was through a lead consultant in each team who distributed invitations, participant information sheets (that outlined the study) and consent forms. Data collection Following ethical approval, 14 clinical teams were presented with profession specific vignettes and invited to engage in a facilitated discussion. Each team's interactions and decisions were tape recorded. Individuals also completed a modified version of the Decisional Conflict Scale (O'Connor 1995) to elicit their degree of comfort with decision making processes. Data analysis The transcripts from the 14 focus groups interactions were thematically analysed by employing Boyatzis (1998) model. Numerical data from the Decision Conflict questionnaire (DCQ) were entered into SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results The survey and the focus group data indicated that practitioners experienced varying degrees of conflict with the decision making process and displayed limited articulation and evidence of ethical principles that could be mapped to existing theories or methods. Participants did however employ strategies and shared expertise to overcome imposed restrictions through compromised solutions. The research identified eight key areas for consideration in the decision making process and these areas were developed to create a model for future ethics education and framing of ethical debate. The concept of restricted beneficence was also identified as being an over arching consideration in this area. The DCQ also highlighted that particular elements of the decision making process caused more concern but it highlighted that the team members opinions were valued and this supported the qualitative findings which identified evidence of a team ethos and value system. Conclusion The teams employed a very pragmatic approach to decision making within an environment that reflected the notion of restricted beneficence. It is suggested that the integration of such strategies ethical education this may result in a more practically relevant approach and enrich the quality of reflective debate in this area.
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Hopkins, Nicole Marie. "Individual Differences in Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5996.
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The aim of this study was to examine individual differences in ethical decision
making. To test this, participants’ Locus of Control and Machiavellianism scores
were collected along with the frequency to which they sought different media
sources for news, their knowledge of unethical and ethical situations that have
occurred in New Zealand and Internationally within the last ten years, and
individuals’ decision times to ethical dilemmas. Participants were undergraduate
and postgraduate students from the University of Canterbury, who ranged in age
from 18 to 50. The study found that the frequency to which an individual seeks
information from media sources is a good predictor of their decision time when
responding to ethical dilemmas, and the amount of knowledge they had of
unethical and ethical situations.
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Nelson, Aaron G. "Ethical decision-making for homeland security." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37684.
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CHDS State/LocalThe thesis suggests that homeland security personnel lack a uniform method to make sound and defensible ethical decisions. Building on a foundation of classical ethical thought, it is established that ethics are essential to the work of homeland security. Philosophical underpinnings include virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism, decision-making practices, and values common to the homeland security enterprise. Real-world case studies were examined in an attempt to understand and demonstrate what can happen if ethics are neglected, considered incompletely or incorrectly, or thoughtfully applied. Case studies include the response to Hurricane Katrina, motivation and thought behind terrorism, and the discussion on torture. Examples of good ethics programs were analyzed, including the Canadian Defense Ethics Program and the Wildfire Fire Leadership Development Program. From this research, a conceptual framework for understanding was developed. The DRIVE framework (Duty, Respect, Integrity, Vision, Ends/Expected outcomes) is proposed to give homeland security personnel the tools necessary to evaluate a situation, make a decision, and review it retrospectively. The framework is easy to remember, flexible to allow for individual differences, yet comprehensive enough to encompass classical ethical thought, common values, and decision-making. The thesis recommends developing an ethics-training program for homeland security, using DRIVE as a foundation.
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Cary, Barbara Lorraine. "Case managers and ethical decision making." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291522.
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In a descriptive study, Lutzen's Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to describe nurse case managers' perception of ethical decision making. Both community-based and hospital-based case managers responded. Research questions addressed (a) relationship between respondent's age and patient autonomy and between length of experience as case manager and benevolence; and (b) difference in conflict in ethical decision-making by level of education and difference in rules in ethical decision-making by type of setting. No significant correlations were found between the respondent age and patient autonomy nor between the respondents' length of experience as case manager and benevolence. There was a statistically significant difference in perception of conflict by educational level. Difference in rules in ethical decision making by type of setting approached statistical significance.
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Emery, Emmett. "Ethical behavior, Leadership, and Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1887.
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Ethical principles applied in organizations can broaden individual and corporate priorities beyond profit and shareholder enrichment. Ethical factors may influence leaders to make sound decisions to protect the organization from unethical behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine if a correlation exists between the independent variables of leadership and decision making, and the dependent variable of ethical behavior. Drucker's theory of management served as the theoretical framework. Data collection involved 2 survey instruments, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and the Moral Potency Questionnaire from 98 participants from retail businesses in the southwestern United States. The model as a whole was able to significantly predict ethical behavior (F(2, 95) = 12.79, p < .01), R-² = .21. However, none of the individual predictors was significant. The existence of multicollinearity between the 2-predictor variables offers a plausible explanation for this phenomenon. Therefore, these results should be viewed with caution. Implications for positive social change include examining behaviors and leadership capabilities in individuals, communities, organizations, and institutions. The findings may contribute to social change by providing leaders with information to improve strategies when making decisions involving ethical behavior in the workplace.
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Rick, Christian. "Computers as tools for ethical decision making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252088.
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ew technology gives rise to new moral problems and dilemmas. We can therefore no longer be sure that our previously collected moral knowledge for dealing with everyday life situations applies to the new situations that arise as a consequence of modern technology. Thus we are forced to seek new answers and to re-examine the foundations of our moral reasoning. To find these new answers we need an autonomous approach to moral problem solving. Education can help increase the moral awareness in computer professionals by training them in disregarding moral fixations and automatic reactions, instead solving the problem using critical thinking and consideration of all values, interests, feelings, duties, needs, and beliefs of all those somehow involved. As a complement to education various support systems can be implemented to help professionals solve moral problems much in the same way as with normal problem solving. Some of these methods are suitable for computerization, creating a moral computer not as a moral authority or a set of guidelines but as an application that guides the user in a process of autonomy, helping the decision maker to make autonomous decisions. Three different approaches to creating a computerized tool for ethical decision- making were prototyped, tested, and evaluated resulting in an indication that such a tool has its merits and can offer benefits over a pen and paper method.
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Sidaross, Monique. "Ethical Decision-Making in Construction Engineering Projects." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4889.
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Problems exist with ethical decision-making in U.S. construction engineering projects.
The purpose of this study was to explore factors that affect ethical decision-making in engineering construction in the United States. The general concepts of marketing ethics, Kohlberg's discussion of ethical and moral reasoning development, and Gillian's discussion of ethical care served as the basis of the conceptual framework. Factors that inhibit ethical decision making were addressed in the research questions. The resulting narrative framework included implementable initiatives based on these factors that could improve the quality of ethical decision-making and the impact of these initiatives on the cost and quality of construction engineering projects. The use of qualitative grounded theory design led to findings from the research questions and enabled the development of a theory to explain the phenomenon. The research was based on data collected from interviews with a purposive sample of 12 civil engineers with 15 to 45 years of forensic and managerial experience with construction engineering projects. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. The principal finding from the research was that unethical decision-making in the legal and political systems undermines the image and authority of construction engineers in the United States. The findings of the study may cause social change by indicating how to enhance the ethical behavior of individuals involved in decision-making within the U.S. construction engineering industry, leading to improvements in the cost and quality of construction projects that benefit individual stakeholders as well as society.
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Sumida, Brian Hiroshi. "Models of decision making." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329967.
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Voskuilen, Chelsea E. "Models of Decision-Making." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1493980931635752.
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Patra, Jayadeep. "Ethical expertise, physician performance in ethical decision making about serious surgery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58685.pdf.
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Alsadat, Kazemi Marzieh, and Sam Eskandari. "Web-based application for Collaborative Ethical Decision Making." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194689.
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Computer ethics is a scientific discipline, which can help us to reach ethical usability of IT-system by developing knowledge and provide the main principles and the guidelines of ethics. It helps us to collect and interpret information and use it in real design projects. To achieve this goal, we need an application to generate the structure of the procedure from analyzing the problem to gain the solutions. The main objective of this thesis is to redesign and implement the EthXpert system as a web application in a way that users can access the software in a collaborative environment. The aspects of the thesis are choosing a suitable communication protocol, developing a collaborative ethical decision system as a web application and evaluating system by analyzing the answers of students (who will apply this software to our online survey as a research part of the thesis). In order to implement ColLab, a research has been done about available APIs, which equipped by collaborative functionalities. ColLab is based on the most recent technologies such as Ajax, jQuery, MySQL, NodeJS, PHP, HTML5 (Canvas) and CSS3. The MVC pattern has been used to structure ColLab application. During the research phase of this thesis, the data gathered from the questionnaire has been analyzed based on qualitative and quantitative methods.
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Duxbury, Anna. "Ethical decision making : advance directives and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/81364/.
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This thesis comprises a literature review, a research paper and a critical review of the research process. In the literature review, a meta-ethnography was conducted in order to identify and synthesise 17 studies that explored a person’s experience and understanding of advance directives in physical health care. Four themes emerged: ‘hope and fears for the family’; ‘the trust between the participant and the doctor’; ‘the communication of advance directives by health care staff’ and ‘hope and fears for the individual’s future. The findings are discussed in terms of culture and identity, affective forecasting and the notion of ‘conditional autonomy’. The empirical paper used a grounded theory informed methodology with ten participants who were all mental health professionals with experience of making a decision to give someone ECT or not. The ten participants were interviewed in order to develop a model that explained how this process occurred in clinical practice. The critical review discusses my own epistemological position in relation to the research process and how it influenced my choice of methodology. The limitations of the research will then be reviewed specifically focusing on the challenges of involving expert by experience consultants (EbE) and recruiting service users and family to the research. The paper is concluded by linking the two research papers together by discussing the role of advance directives in ECT.
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Chatzidakis, Andreas. "The role of neutralisation in consumers' ethical decision-making." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12844/.
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Consumers often behave in ways that are in apparent contradiction to their expressed ethical concerns (e.g. Carrigan and Attalla, 2001). In light of this, it is imperative that theories of consumer's ethical decision-making explain the ways in which people justify these acts to themselves and others. This thesis advances the concept of neutralisation (Sykes and Matza, 1957) in order to explore how individuals soften or eliminate the impact that counter-attitudinal and norm-contradictive behaviour can have upon their self-concept and social relationships. A mixed method approach was adopted, comprising of two qualitative and two quantitative studies. The first qualitative study examined the applicability of neutralisation in consumers' support for the Fair Trade movement, a context which has been identified as of particular concern in previous research. Subsequently, the role of neutralisation in ethical decision-making was hypothesised within the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1985, 1991). A second qualitative study enabled the operationalisation of the TPB and neutralisation constructs and informed the design of the quantitative studies. A survey study and an experiment served to test the main research hypotheses. Results indicated that neutralisation has a significant, negative effect on intention and it precedes actual behaviour. This represents the first successful attempt to integrate neutralisation with an existing account of ethical decision-making. Despite this, there was no conclusive indication that neutralisation moderates the norm-intention, attitude-intention and intention-behaviour relationships. The experimental study did not appear to confirm the causal role of neutralisation but it did suggest possible moderating effects of the personal (rather than social) acceptance of neutralising beliefs. These findings are discussed in the light of previous studies and implications for neutralisation and ethical decision-making research are explored.
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Solgos, Justice T. "The Effect of Regulatory Focus on Ethical Decision-Making." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461153442.
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Jalbert, Nicole M. "Ethical decision making by managers : a policy capturing approach /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063138/.
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Schepers, Donald Herbert 1951. "Issues, spheres, and roles: Cues for ethical decision-making." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288898.
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Previous models of ethical decision making in business have placed little emphasis on the role of awareness of ethical dilemmas in determining the ethical outcome of business decision making. After a review of previous models, a contingency model is proposed that explicitly includes the issue of ethical awareness and its role in ethical decision making in business. The resulting contingency model of ethical decision making in business is based on both psychological and sociological theories. Problem content is hypothesized to interact with social expectations to create a state of ethical awareness. This ethical awareness is hypothesized to be affected by the presence or absence of codes of conduct, as well as the presence or absence of risk, as the decision maker moves from awareness of problem dimensions to intention formation. It is thought that risk further affects the decision maker as he/she progresses from intention formation to action. Outcomes are hypothesized to feed back into the awareness and intention formation stages. The model is fully described, and a number of research propositions are offered. The model is partially tested in this dissertation. An issue raising high ethical awareness and an issue raising low ethical awareness are tested for their impact on decision making. Further, the impact of business and professional codes are examined, as well as the role of risk in ethical decision making. It is found that different variables impact the decision process, depending on high or low states of ethical awareness. High ethical awareness results in a high frequency of ethical decisions, but low ethical awareness has no impact on frequency of ethical decisions. It is found that codes do not have impact in the laboratory setting, but risk does, under conditions of low ethical awareness. Under a condition of high ethical awareness, ethical awareness positively impacted ethical decision making. Under a condition of low ethical awareness, ethical awareness did not impact ethical decision making, but age negatively impacted ethical decision making, and work experience positively impacted ethical decision making. The study may be limited due to sample (MBA students) and technique (in-basket exercise). Suggestions for future research were to: (1) investigate the cause of high or low ethical awareness, using the problem content and social expectation interaction as one hypothesis; (2) verify the use of differential information in the decision process, dependent on condition of high or low ethical awareness; and (3) find more productive ways of identifying the action of codes in the ethical decision making process.
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Gil-Herrera, Eleazar. "Classification Models in Clinical Decision Making." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4895.
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In this dissertation, we present a collection of manuscripts describing the development of prognostic models designed to assist clinical decision making. This work is motivated by limitations of commonly used techniques to produce accessible prognostic models with easily interpretable and clinically credible results. Such limitations hinder prognostic model widespread utilization in medical practice.
Our methodology is based on Rough Set Theory (RST) as a mathematical tool for clinical data anal- ysis. We focus on developing rule-based prognostic models for end-of life care decision making in an effort to improve the hospice referral process. The development of the prognostic models is demonstrated using a retrospective data set of 9,103 terminally ill patients containing physiological characteristics, diagnostic information and neurological function values.
We develop four RST-based prognostic models and compare them with commonly used classification techniques including logistic regression, support vector machines, random forest and decision trees in terms of characteristics related to clinical credibility such as accessibility and accuracy. RST based models show comparable accuracy with other methodologies while providing accessible models with a structure that facilitates clinical interpretation. They offer both more insight into the model process and more opportunity for the model to incorporate personal information of those making and being affected by the decision.
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Zappala, Julian. "Models of multi-agent decision making." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28306/.
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In this thesis we formalise and study computational aspects of group decision making for rational, self-interested agents. Specifically, we are interested in systems where agents reach consensus according to endogenous thresholds. Natural groups have been shown to make collective decisions according to threshold-mediated behaviours. An individual will commit to some collective endeavour only if the number of others having already committed exceeds their threshold. Consensus is reached only where all individuals express commitment. We present a family of models that describe fundamental aspects of cooperative behaviour in multi-agent systems. These include: coalition formation, participation in joint actions and the achievement of individuals’ goals over time. We associate novel solution concepts with our models and present results concerning the computational complexity of several natural decision problems arising from these. We demonstrate potential applications of our work by modelling a group decision problem common to many cohesive groups: establishing the location of the group. Using model checking tools we compute the effects of agents’ thresholds upon outcomes. We consider our results within an appropriate research context.
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Richmond, Kelly Ann. "Ethical Reasoning, Machiavellian Behavior, and Gender: The Impact on Accounting Students' Ethical Decision Making." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27235.
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This research is designed to gain an understanding of how accounting students respond to realistic, business ethical dilemmas. Prior research suggests that accounting students exhibit lower levels of ethical reasoning compared to other business and non-business majors. This study uses the Defining Issues Test, Version 2 (Rest, et al., 1999) to measure accounting studentsâ ethical reasoning processes. The Mach IV scale (Christie and Geis, 1970) is used to measure moral behavior. Eight ethical vignettes adapted from prior ethics studies represent realistic, business ethical scenarios.
A total of sixty-eight undergraduate accounting students are used to examine three hypotheses. Literature suggests that individuals with lower ethical reasoning levels are more likely to agree with unethical behavior. Therefore, hypothesis one investigates the relationship between ethical reasoning and ethical decision making. Literature also suggests that individuals agreeing with Machiavellian statements are more likely to agree with questionable activities. Hypothesis two investigates the relationship between Machiavellian behavior and ethical decision making. Prior gender literature suggests that gender influences ethical decision making, with females being more ethical than males. Therefore, hypothesis three examines whether female accounting students agree less with questionable activities compared to males.
Results indicate that ethical reasoning is significantly correlated with studentsâ ethical ratings on the business vignettes. Similarly, Machiavellian behavior is significantly correlated with studentsâ ethical ratings. Consistent with prior gender literature, females agree less with questionable activities compared to male accounting students.Ph. D.
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Grines, Lorelei L. "Ethical decision making : a study of physicians' behavioral intentions in situations having ethical content /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859313347301.
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Burt, Jane Lindsay. "Ethics, virtue and decision-making : an investigation of the ethical decision-making process of accountants in business." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701003.
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Laaksoharju, Mikael. "Let us be philosophers! : Computerized support for ethical decision making." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för människa-datorinteraktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132779.
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This thesis presents a computerized tool for ethical decision making. For someone who is unfamiliar with the psychological theory that the tool is based on, it will perhaps first appear as a pointless piece of software. It does not give any guidance to what an ethically correct decision is, it does not suggest relevant ethical principles or guidelines and it does not even make reference to known cases of good moral conduct. In fact, it does not make any moral claims at all. The only two things that the tool does are that it stimulates reflective, analytical and holistic reasoning and blocks automatic, biased and constrained impulses. This approach is chosen to improve the decision maker's ability to consider the relevant circumstances in a situation. By focusing on relevant interests of stakeholders, the scope of consideration in a moral situation can be expanded and the impact of decisions can be evaluated with respect to these. To justify this non-normative approach, the functionality of normative ethics is analyzed. The conclusion stresses the importance of self-conscious deliberation. Further arguments for advocating a systematic, holistic and self-critical handling of moral problems are collected from both philosophy and psychology. The structure and functionality of the tool is founded in psychological theory and especially the problem of cognitive biases in moral decision making is addressed. The tool has been evaluated in two studies, which both indicate that it actually delivers what it was designed to do. Statistically significant results show that the tool helped users to expand the scope of consideration in a moral problem situation compared to using an equivalent paper-and-pen-based method.ETHCOMP
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Schneider, Beverley J. "Animal use, ethical position, conflict, moral responsibility, and decision making." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ46300.pdf.
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Ng, Sau-man Catalina, and 吳秀敏. "Ethical decision-making in individual counseling among student guidance teachers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961897.
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CHERMAN, ANDREA. "CORPORATE CODE OF ETHICS AND THE ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4274@1.
Full textAbstract:
O Código de Ética Corporativa, seu modelo e orientação
ética, forma de implementação e instrumentos utilizados
para suportá-lo, inseridos no programa de gestão ética,
influenciam no comportamento ético dos stakeholders
internos e, conseqüentemente, na Tomada de Decisão Ética
nas atividades diárias da organização. Este estudo avalia
se os valores expressos no documento de ética de fato
orientam a ação prática, gerando decisões éticas na
relação
com o consumidor final. A análise dá-se pelo cruzamento
de
três perspectivas: do gestor de ética sobre o expresso no
código e os instrumentos de suporte; a percepção do
Código
de Ética pela área jurídica, responsável por intermediar o
conflito com o consumidor; e a realidade prática extraída
dos processos públicos abertos pelos consumidores nos
órgãos de defensoria. A análise foi realizada em quatro
grandes organizações, de origens e características
distintas, todas pertencentes ao Setor de Planos Privados
de Assistência à Saúde, o qual historicamente concentra
grande número de reclamações dos consumidores, uma vez
que
está concebido sobre uma base de conflitos de interesses.
O
estudo revela que as organizações que adotam instrumentos
de gestão ética, inseridos em um programa consistente,
obtêm suporte ao código de ética e legitimam a
incorporação
dos valores entre os membros da organização, resultando
positivamente na tomada de decisão ética. Aquelas
organizações que não adotam instrumentos de gestão ética
para suportar o código de ética de modo consistente, não
conseguem legitimar a conduta ética e incorporá-la no
comportamento dos funcionários, resultando na tomada de
decisão não ética.The Corporate Code of Ethics, its format and ethical orientation, implementation framework and supporting tools included in the ethics management program, have a strong influence in the internal stakeholder ethical behavior, and, consequently, it reflects on the Ethical Decision Making Process in organizational daily activities. This study evaluates whether the values expressed in the ethics document, in fact, conduct the real practice in generating ethical decisions in the relationship organization- consumers. The analysis is done crossing three perspectives: from the ethics manager, the code content, values and supporting tools; from the lawyer advisory, the perception about the code of ethics, as it is the area in charge of mediating the conflicts with consumers; and the practiced reality extracted from the public prosecuting processes opened by consumers. This analysis was carried out in four large companies, with different histories and characteristics, but all pertaining to the same sector. The Sector of Private Health Care System concentrates a large number of consumers complaints, once the sector is built on a conflict of interest basis. This study reveals that the organizations, which adopt ethics supporting tools included in a consistent program, obtain support to the code of ethics and are able to legitimate the values among the organizational members. It results positively on the ethical decision making process. Those organizations that do not adopt supporting tools in a consistent way are not able to legitimate the ethical conduct and do not incorporate it to the employees behavior, generating non-ethical decision- making.
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Chau, Long Fung Lewis. "Corporate entrepreneurship and ethical decision-making behavior of marketing managers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/134.
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Silove, Melanie. "Ethical decision-making in the therapeutic space : a psychoanalytic view." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020873.
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This study examined the ethical decision-making process as it transpired in the everyday context of the therapeutic space. In-depth interviews explored the subjective experiences of six South African psychologists, practicing as psychoanalytic psychotherapists, and their efforts to resolve real-life ethical dilemmas. The theoretical framework used to interpret the data subsumed professional literature in psychology on principle-based ethical decision-making as well as contemporary psychoanalytic debates on the phenomenon of countertransference enactments. A review of ethics codes, survey research and seminal decision-making frameworks suggests that ethical dilemmas have traditionally been resolved by recourse to an objective and impartial “principle ethics” perspective. Empirical evidence shows, however, that logical thinking and the rational application of codes, principles and standards are often insufficient to secure ethical action. The establishment of reflective space and the core theoretical notion of “ethical decision-making enactments” were proposed in order to address the subjective, irrational and unconscious dimension of professional decision-making. This study used a broadly hermeneutic research method which transformed participants‟ descriptions of engagement with real-life dilemmas into a psychoanalytically informed interpretive account of ethical decision-making. Twelve aspirational ethical principles were found to guide participants‟ daily analytic work. Beneficence was the principle most strongly identified with and nonmaleficence was the most neglected ethical principle. Unprocessed countertransference responses were shown to drive earlier prereflective phases of the ethical decision-making process. Mature ethical judgment was predicated upon the retrospective analysis of enactment phenomena. Dissatisfaction was expressed by all participants with regard to the role of professional resources in aiding the resolution of stressful ethical dilemmas. Risk factors for compromised professional decision-making included the paucity and perceived irrelevance of postgraduate ethics training, supervisory failure to confront the ethical and countertransference dimensions of common dilemmas and professional isolation. Rather than eliciting the hope of emotional support and greater insight, professional resources on the contrary mostly appeared to induce anxiety, mistrust and fearfulness. Based on the data and the literature, a pragmatic psychoanalytically informed ethical decision-making model was finally generated. The model, which considers both principle ethics as well as countertransference phenomena, offers a preliminary contribution to professional dialogue on the development and evaluation of empirically based decision-making frameworks. Practical recommendations are made for both the revision of the current South African ethics code and for improving the postqualifying ethics education of psychoanalytic practitioners and supervisors. The limitations of the data are discussed and directions for future research initiatives are proposed.
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Roetzel, Robert. "A syllabus for introducing army leaders to ethical decision-making." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Burstein, Ronald Mark. "The ethical decision-making self-efficacy of psychologists and counselors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186308.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ethical decision making self-efficacy of a sample of state-credentialed psychologists and counselors. A questionnaire was constructed which asked respondents to rate the confidence they possessed in relation to thirty items (reflecting ten a priori ethical decision-making domains). The items described ethical knowledge and ethical decision-making tasks and situations. The questionnaire also included eight questions pertaining to respondents' personal characteristics and professional education, training, and experience. The questionnaire was mailed to 400 Arizona-licensed psychologists and 340 Arizona-certified counselors. Although no formal, a priori hypotheses were established prior to the survey, it was expected that the extent and quality of professional ethics training might be associated with higher scores on factors generated by an exploratory factor analysis performed on survey results. In particular, it was anticipated that a values-clarification component of ethics training would be associated with higher ethical decision-making factor scores. Approximately 50% of the total sample responded to the survey. The factor analysis of scorable questionnaires resulted in a six-factor model of ethical decision-making self-efficacy. The six factors were: (1) Knowledge, (2) Behavior, (3) Thinking, (4) Awareness, (5) Resources, (6) Authorities-Conflict Analysis/Resolution. Having taken an ethics course as a student was associated with higher scores on factors 1, 5, and 6. Having taken an ethics training seminar as a postgraduate was associated with higher scores on factors 1, 2, and 5. Those respondents with a values clarification component to their ethics training scored higher on factors 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Study results suggest that further development of an Ethical Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale and pursuit of a national survey of psychologists and counselors addressing issues raised in this study are warranted.
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Louw, Brenda. "Cultural Competence and Ethical Decision Making for Health Care Professionals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1984.
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Cultural competence and ethical decision making are two separate, yet intrinsically related concepts which are central to services rendered by all health care professionals. Cultural competence is based on ethical principles and informs ethical decision making. In spite of this important connection, the interrelationship of these two concepts does not receive the attention it deserves in the literature. This issue is addressed by appraising the training and assessment of cultural competence and ethical decision making in the health care professions. The integrated relationship of these two concepts is illustrated within the broader contexts of higher education, research and clinical practice. Health care professionals who incorporate cultural competence and ethical decision making will be empowered to provide the best services to their clients/ patients in multicultural contexts to ensure optimum outcomes.
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Rashid, George J. "Counselor educator ego development and ethical decision-making post graduation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2262.
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Counselor Educators are interested in assessing and promoting the professional and personal development of those in the counseling profession, including their ego and ethical development. While there has been much research concerning such development, there is insufficient research concerning the level of personal development of Counselor Educators themselves, and how such development progresses over the course of their tenure as professors. Thus, this dissertation assessed the ethical decision-making and ego development of Counselor Educators who earned their doctorates from institutions accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) and who are currently working as Counselor Educators at a CACREP-accredited program. In particular, the following questions had sought to be answered: (a) What is the level of ego development of Counselor Educators and how do they develop over their tenure as professors? (b) What is the ethical decision-making level of Counselor Educators and how do they develop over their tenure as professors? (c) What is the relationship between ego development and ethical decision-making as Counselor Educators develop both of these over their tenure? and (d) How do the varying environments, qualities, and responsibilities of Counselor Educators relate to ego development and level of ethical decision-making?
Essentially, the Researcher categorized Counselor Educators into two groups, according to their level of tenure: untenured (assistant professors) and tenured (associate professors and full professors). The Researcher then measured ego development, using the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger, 1996), and ethical decision-making, using the Ethical Decision-Making Scale—Revised (EDMS-R; Dufrene, 2000). The Researcher then compared WUSCT stages and EDMS-R P indexes for each of the two group-mean scores through a one-way analysis of variance ANOVA), in order to ascertain if there were developmental differences between the two groups. It was anticipated that tenured professors, on the whole, would be more developed than untenured professors.
The results from the present study tentatively indicate that Counselor Educators are well-developed, in terms of ego development and ethical decision-making. Of the four research questions, there was one finding of significance: participants who stated that they were not very challenged by their department had higher EDMS-R P indexes than those who were challenged.
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Webster, Tammy Tanner. "Successful Ethical Decision-Making Practices from the Professional Accountants' Perspective." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3733.
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Unethical behavior includes all decisions and actions counterproductive to an organization's mission and can cause irrevocable damage to the organization's professional reputation. The Securities and Exchange Commission reported 807 ethical violations in 2015. This study was underpinned by the ethical leadership theory, which emphasizes leadership decision making based on fair and just practices, for all involved parties. The purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore the ethical decision-making best practices that not-for-profit accounting managers in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area needed to strengthen the ethical decision-making process in their organizations. Data were collected through semistructured interviews from 5 participants who were accounting leaders of not-for-profit organizations. The analysis of data involved coding techniques, while member checking ensured confirmability of participant responses. Three themes emerged from the analysis of data as the most effective in fostering an ethical climate within the organizations, notably: the importance of leveraging internal controls, staff education on ethical decision making, and the role of leadership in fostering ethical leadership. The findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing leaders with strategies to reduce the occurrence of fraud within organizations. The beneficiaries of this research may include not-for-profit leaders, accounting professionals, and business practitioners. The goals of these individuals are to aid companies in furthering their missions and ensure organizations remain operational and utilize ethical decision making.
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Mohd, Mustamil Norizah. "The influence of culture and ethical ideology on ethical decision making process of Malaysian managers." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/646.
Full textAbstract:
The ethical decision making (EDM) process of individuals has proven to be very challenging due to the multitude of complex and varied factors that contribute to this behaviour. Nevertheless, many theoretical frameworks have been proposed to describe such behaviour. Despite the increasing number of EDM models and practices, reports of unethical incidents and illegal behaviour, especially in organizations, continue to appear. This problem is in part related to the failure of EDM models that do not adequately explain the antecedent factors of ethical behaviour by individuals in organizations. As a result, there is a gap between theory and practice. Hence, the main objective of this study is to address these shortcomings by exploring and empirically examining the antecedents in the EDM process and by developing a behavioural model that encompasses a fully functional model of individual ethical behaviour.Furthermore, most of the major frameworks have been formulated from a Western perspective. The current research was conducted in the Malaysian context, using a model that accounts for cultural differences. The most generally accepted concept is that culture is a key determinant of an individual's ethical ideology, which affects an individual’s inclination to behave ethically. In other words, culture acts as a guideline in determining whether certain practices are appropriate and acceptable. However, individuals in organizations also have an obligation to comply the culture in their work setting. Therefore, the culture of ethical practices in an organization is expected to play an important role in the process of EDM. In addition, literature has established the moderating effect of gender, age and level of education in such behaviour. Therefore, the current research also further investigated the relationship among the components of the EDM process, which has thus far not been given proper attention.A two-phase sequential mixed-method approach, consisting of qualitative and quantitative approaches, was carried out in this research. In the qualitative part, a field study of semi-structured interviews was conducted with the objective of testing the applicability of the initial model besides exploring the dimensionality of the construct. The data was analyzed using content analysis through Nvivo software. Based on the analysis, the dimensionality of the constructs was identified and two more relevant antecedent factors were detected, namely parental values and religiosity. Thus, these two factors were added to the comprehensive research model. A survey was conducted among managers from Malaysia large organizations to collect quantitative data. The data was analyzed using a Partial Least Square (PLS) based Structural Equations Modelling (SEM) tool. In addition, multi-group analysis of PLS was also employed.The major findings of this research have confirmed the influence of ethical ideology as the major determinant of the EDM process. Furthermore, results have demonstrated the role of culture as the antecedent of an individual’s ethical ideology. Interestingly, the influence of parental values and religiosity, which was derived from the field study, was also confirmed. Findings also verified the moderating effect of the organizational ethical culture in enhancing a moral awareness of an individual’s EDM process. With regards to the relationship among the components of the EDM process, findings revealed sequential and interrelationship links between the components. On the other hand, the moderating effect of gender, age and level of education in the EDM process was not detected. Overall results confirm the multidimensional construct and the complexity of such a process. This research provides a significant contribution to the existing knowledge in the EDM area. Most importantly, an understanding of the antecedents and the processes of EDM provides guidelines for organizations in developing better ethical programs and policies in order to promote and encourage ethical behaviour. Perhaps a major contribution of this research is the implication for managers to enhance the process of EDM in organizations.
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Lane, Daniel Edward. "Dynamic models of decision making by fishermen." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27125.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the dynamic decision making behavior of fishermen. Two models are developed: (l) an intraseasonal model of vessel movement on the fishing ground during each season; and (2) an interseasonal model for investment decision making from year to year. Both decision models are driven by single economic objectives and the fisherman-decision maker is assumed to make rational choices to optimize the stated objective.
In this competitive market intraseasonal decisions are assumed to be made in the short-run to maximize the net operating income of each fishing enterprise. These decisions about where to fish to obtain the maximum return to fishing effort over the course of the season are modelled by a partially observable Markov decision process which incorporates the key elements of the problem facing each fisherman. The state space for this process is derived from total seasonal biomass. This aggregate description of the state space renders the problem practicable and solvable. The normative model is developed formally and applied to freezer trollers of the British Columbia commercial fishing fleet. Model results for average income and catch per troller, and seasonal fishing distribution over the fishing grounds reflect major tendencies in statistics arising from actual intraseasonal decisions made by this group of fishermen.
Interseasonal decisions concerning longer-term investment strategies are made in an environment which is highly variable from season-to-season. Extensive variability implies that economic survival is a primary consideration in the investment decision process. The investment decision making process is modelled as a probabilistic dynamic programming problem in discrete time. Investors are assumed to make rational decisions based on income expectations and subject to survivability conditions to maximize the net worth of the fishing enterprise at the end of a finite planning horizon. The formal analysis of the investment model is presented. The model is applied to all trollers of the British Columbia commercial fishing fleet. The pattern of actual investment by troller is simulated by tuning behavioral components of the investment model. These results provide insight into the behavioral basis of investment decision making by this group of fishermen.
This modelling framework has implications for planning and regulation in fisheries. Insight gained into the key factors behind fishermen's decisions can provide a basis for the development of strategic policies which anticipate fishermen's behavior and are aimed at stabilizing the economic viability of the fishing sector. The approach represents a movement away from reactive, short-term policies which have characterized fisheries regulation to date.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Kolb, Jakob J. "Heuristic Decision Making in World Earth Models." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22147.
Full textAbstract:
Die Dynamik des Erdsystems im Anthropozän wird durch eine zunehmende Verschränkung von Prozessen auf physikalischer und ökologischer sowie auf sozioökonomischer Ebene bestimmt. Wenn Modelle als Entscheidungshilfen in diesem Umfeld nützlich sein sollen, müssen sie diese komplexen Rückkopplungen ebenso berücksichtigen wie die inhärent emergenten und heterogenen Qualitäten gesellschaftlicher Dynamik. Diese Arbeit schlägt vor, den Menschen als begrenzten rationalen Entscheidungsträger zu modellieren, die (soziales) Lernen nutzen, um Entscheidungsheuristiken zu erwerben, die in einer gegebenen Umgebung gut funktionieren. Dies wird in einem Wirtschaftsmodell mit zwei Sektoren veranschaulicht, in dem ein Sektor eine fossile Ressource für die wirtschaftliche Produktion verwendet und die Haushalte ihre Investitionsentscheidungen in der zuvor beschriebenen Weise treffen. In der Modellökonomie können individuelle Entscheidungsfindung und soziale Dynamik die CO 2 Emissionen nicht auf ein Niveau begrenzen, das eine globale Erwärmung über 1,5◦C verhindert. Eine Kombination aus kollektivem Handeln und koordinierter öffentlicher Politik allerdings kann. Eine Folgestudie analysiert das soziale Lernen der individuellen Sparquoten in einer Ein-Sektor-Wirtschaft. Hier nähert sich die aggregierte Sparquote der eines intertemporär optimierenden allwissenden Sozialen Planers an, wenn die soziale Interaktionsrate ausreichend niedrig ist. Gleichzeitig führt eine abnehmende Interaktionsrate einem plötzlichen Übergangs von einer unimodalen zu einer stark bimodalen Verteilung des Vermögens unter den Haushalten. Schließlich schlägt diese Arbeit eine Kombination verschiedener Methoden vor, die zur Ableitung analytischer Näherungen für solche vernetzten heterogenen Agentenmodelle verwendet werden können, bei denen Interaktionen zwischen Agenten sowohl auf individueller als auch auf aggregierter Ebene auftreten.The trajectory of the Earth system in the Anthropocene is governed by an increasing entanglement of processes on a physical and ecological as well as on a socio-economic level. If models are to be useful as decision support tools in this environment, they ought acknowledge these complex feedback loops as well as the inherently emergent and heterogeneous qualities of societal dynamics. This thesis improves the capability of social-ecological and socio-economic models to picture emergent social phenomena and uses and extends techniques from dynamical systems theory and statistical physics for their analysis. It proposes to model humans as bounded rational decision makers that use (social) learning to acquire decision heuristics that function well in a given environment. This is illustrated in a two sector economic model in which one sector uses a fossil resource for economic production and households make their investment decisions in the previously described way. In the model economy individual decision making and social dynamics can not limit CO 2 emissions to a level that prevents global warming above 1.5 ◦ C. However, a combination of collective action and coordinated public policy actually can. A follow up study analyzes social learning of individual savings rates in a one sector investment economy. Here, the aggregate savings rate in the economy approaches that of an intertemporarily optimizing omniscient social planner if the social interaction rate is sufficiently low. Sumultaneously, a decreasing interaction rate leads to emergent inequality in the model in the form of a sudden transition from a unimodal to a strongly bimodal distribution of wealth among households. Finally, this thesis proposes a combination of different moment closure techniques that can be used to derive analytic approximations for such networked heterogeneous agent models where interactions between agents occur on an individual as well as on an aggregated level.
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Palida, Ali Fakhruddin. "Noisy-signalling models of organizational decision making." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128975.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three separate papers concerning the use of communication channels and intermediaries in organizations. A noisy-signalling model of strategic communication is introduced in the first chapter, and expanded upon in the remainder of the thesis. In the second part of the first chapter, I use the core noisy-signalling model to study organizational design of a single channel of communication. The results of the analysis provide a rational for the variation in communication processes observed across organizations, as well as costly political lobbying and advertising campaigns. In the second chapter, I extend the core model to allow the informed party to choose among multiple communication channels when conversing with the decision maker. The model suggests that polarization across communication channels may be an efficient response to "bandwidth" concerns facing decision-makers of large corporations or unqualified management. Conversely, coexistence of partisan and non-partisan channels within an organization or community (e.g. tabloids and professional news sources in the journalism industry) may also be socially efficient for other environments. In the third chapter, I consider a different extension of the core model by allow- ing the two parties to communicate via a strategic intermediary. I use the model to provide a possible explanation for the variety of roles communication intermediaries play in different organizations, the correlation between control-rights and communication hierarchies in organizations, as well usage of third-party, conflict-resolution arrangements.
by Ali Fakhruddin Palida.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics
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Williamson, Stanley G. (Stanley Greer). "Ethical reasoning and risk propensity: a comparison of hospital and general industry senior executives." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332603/.
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This research explores whether differences in ethical reasoning levels exist between senior hospital managers and top level general industry executives. Similar comparisons are made between not-for-profit hospital managers and their peers in for-profit hospitals. Also examined are the ethical reasoning levels used most often by practicing executives, regardless of industry affiliation.
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Menzler, Cathryn Ann. "The teaching and learning of ethical decision-making : the teacher's dilemma /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18955.pdf.
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Parsons, Kurt R. "A study of religious faith and the ethical decision making process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FParsons.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resource Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Johnson, Brad ; Mallory, Linda. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 23, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95). Also available in print.