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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethical economics'
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Li, Yan. "The effects of business ethics course on students' ethical attitudes." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1677039.
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Davis, Evan. "Long-Term Financial Success of Ethical Companies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2049.
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This paper provides empirical evidence of financial markets that “ethical” companies produce consistent financials and above S&P 500 stock returns. Companies were chosen as “ethical” based on in-depth analysis from The Ethisphere Institute and reviews from inside the various corporations. Ten years of financials and prices were analyzed between ethical companies and those that struggled with ethics previously. It was evident that companies who focus on ethics not only outperformed companies who have had ethical struggles, but also outperformed the S&P 500. The significance of this research is that firms who value ethics will have excellent financial performance in the long-run, on average. This study attempts to encourage investors to value business ethics when making investing decisions.
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Drupp, Moritz Alexander [Verfasser]. "Essays in Sustainability Economics : Economic Distribution and Valuation, Environmental Scarcity, and Ethical Behavior / Moritz Alexander Drupp." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140790757/34.
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Shloma, Elena. "The financial performance of ethical funds : A comparative analysis of the risk-adjusted performance of ethical and non-ethical mutual funds in UK." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9603.
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The review of the ethical funds literature shows the significant growth of the Socially Responsible Investments (SRI) in the last few decades. The increase of the interest towards SRI indicates that ethical issues have become more essential for the investors. However the number of surveys reveals that financial performance remains of an important concern for the socially responsible investors. Therefore the benchmark analysis of the expected returns and management fees of the ethical mutual funds is chosen as a topic for this thesis research. The risk-adjusted measures are used to analyze and compare the performance of the ethical and non-ethical mutual funds in United Kingdom. The analysis does not indicate the significant difference in the expected returns between the two groups of funds. However this study concludes that on average ethical funds charge higher management fees. Thus investing in ethical funds is more costly but gives about the same returns as investing in conventional funds.
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Nordin, Henrik. "Sinners or Saints : Ethical mutual funds." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-553.
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The supply of ethical funds has increased greatly in Sweden during recent years. The purpose of the thesis is to examine how ethical these funds really are and further-more investigate their financial development. The investment criteria’s for ethical mutual funds that are managed by Swedish companies and institutes are analysed and compared. A content analysis over every fund’s holdings has been done in order to see to what extent they live up to their own ethical standards and to what degree they differ from other mutual funds.
The analysis of the ethical funds financial development have been done over the pe-riod 2003-03-31 – 2006-03-31 and financial measures such as Sharpe, M2 RAP and Jensen’s alpha are used. In addition, the fees of the funds are compared, both with each other and with other funds of similar character. The results of the analysis show that the majority of the ethical funds cannot be treated as more ethical than other funds. Regardless of their similarity to other funds they have a slightly worse risk ad-justed performance development than index. So despite the fact that the funds are more or less identical to other funds from an investment perspective the outcome will be higher risk exposing and/or lower returns than their inner indexes.
Utbudet av etiska fonder har ökat kraftigt i Sverige under de senaste åren. Uppsatsens mål är att kartlägga hur etiska dessa fonder verkligen är samt att undersöka deras finansiella utveckling. Investeringskriterierna för de etiska ak-tiefonder som är förvaltade av svenska företag och institut är analyserade och jämförda. En innehavsanalys av varje fonds aktieinnehav är gjord för att se i vilken utsträckning de lever upp till de etiska krav de själva satt upp och till vil-ken grad de skiljer sig från övriga aktiefonder.
Analysen av de etiska fondernas finansiella utveckling är gjord över perioden 2003-03-31 – 2006-03-31 och finansiella mått såsom Sharpe, M2 RAP och Jensen’s alpha har använts. Dessutom har fondavgifterna jämförts, både med var-andra och med andra fonder av liknande karaktär. Resultaten av analyserna vi-sar att majoriteten av de etiska fonderna knappast kan betraktas som mer etiska än andra fonder, samtidigt som de har en något sämre riskkorrigerad utveckling än index. Det vill säga, trots att de till största del är identiska med vanliga aktie-fonder rent innehållsmässigt, så blir utfallet högre riskexponering och/eller läg-re avkastning än deras inbördes index.
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Nordbrandt, Anders. "ETHICAL INVESTMENTS : The cost of a clean conscience oropportunity to change the world?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156759.
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Problem background: Swedish savings in mutual funds have increased by 53 times in 30 years, to a total of 3 837 billion kronor, where of a large share is through the Swedish pension system. A growing share of this capitalis invested in socially responsible investment products, where a popular approach is to use a negative screening to exclude companies based on ethical values. Problem statement: Are there any effects in terms of risk and return when investmentsare made using a negative screening for unethical companies? Arethere any differences during turbulent market conditions? Theory: This study is using Modern Portfolio Theory, pioneered by Harry Markowitz. It will be used to optimize and identify efficient portfolio based on expected return and risk under the assumption of a risk averse investor. The key is to minimize portfolio risk through diversification with low correlated assets, for each level of return. Methodology: I have used a deductive method with a quantitative approach. Using Bootstrap, a replication procedure with replacements, 4 000 optimal portfolios have been created from underlying holdings of OMX S30 Index and its corresponding ethical index, from two sets of market volatility. Paired sample t-tests have been performed to test for hypothesis significance. Result: There is a significant difference of risk-adjusted return using negative screening, regardless of market volatility. The risk adjusted return is relatively worse for ethical investments during high market volatility. Conclusions: The reduction of asset through negative screening, is a loss of potential risk-adjusted return because of diminishing diversification opportunities. Adjustments made to optimize ethical portfolios can attain at least as high optimal return but are instead penalized witha relatively higher expected risk.
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Wiebe, Jeff, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Management. "Near or far : psychological distance construal and its role in ethical." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. :|bUniversity of Lethbridge, Faculty of Management,|cc2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3431.
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A focus group and experiment were conducted to test the effects of psychological distance on participant affect, intentions, and behaviours in the realm of ethical consumption. Construal Level Theory (Liberman and Trope, 1998) posits that psychologically-near concepts are viewed differently than their psychologically-far counterparts, and this framework was used to guide the development of predictions relating to four dimensions of distance: temporal, spatial, social, and hypothetical. The study revealed that participants exhibit significantly higher levels of affect and intention when presented stimuli involve psychologically near impacts rather than psychologically-far impacts. This finding did not carry over into actual behaviour, however. Subject disposition toward psychological distance was measured but was found to not impact affect, intentions, or behaviour. Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (Kinnear, Taylor, & Ahmed, 1974) was found to be an important predictor of behaviour.viii, 103 leaves ; 29 cm
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Junker, Berit. "A local economy before its transition to the market economy : a case study of a German village." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34006.
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This work examines the socio-economic context of the small town of Eichelborn in the Westphalia region of Germany. There, a local and 'moral' economy existed until the end of the 1960's that resisted the forces of integration into a wider self-regulatory market system for an exceptionally long time, continuing to rely primarily on simple craft production and small-scale farming for the local market. Employing mainly qualitative methods, the aim of research was to describe the economic and social structure of this place as well as to determine whether it functioned according to the principles of a pre-market society as indicated in Karl Polanyi's writings. The findings of my research show that one can, indeed, understand Eichelborn as a Polanyi-type community and as a 'moral' economy in which a strong interrelation and unity between the social and economic realms result in the reconciliation between 'personal self-interest' and 'morality'.
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Riek, Christine Leviczky. "The problems with social cost-benefit analysis : economics, ethics and politics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26112.
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This thesis examines the problems with social cost-benefit analysis in three areas -- economics, ethics and politics -- and suggests how these problems might be addressed in government project review processes. Problems in economics are empirical, methodological or theoretical dilemmas that make a social cost-benefit analysis difficult to prepare and interpret. Problems in ethics stem from the value judgments implicit in a social cost-benefit analysis that may be in conflict with the ethical beliefs of some individuals in society. Problems in politics stem from the various powers of individuals in a political process and challenge the relevancy of analysis.
A literature survey, primarily of welfare economics but also of environmental ethics and political theory, is used to determine the various problems with social cost-benefit analysis, while a case study is used to illustrate how these problems are reflected in practice. Similarly, ideas for improvement are drawn from the literature of environmental impact assessment and these ideas are illustrated by applying them to the case study. The problems are discussed according to the stage of analysis at which they occur: problem definition, specification of objectives, selection of alternatives, prediction of consequences, and evaluation of alternatives. The case study is of the social cost-benefit analysis of B.C. Hydro's proposed Site C hydroelectric development and the associated project review process of the B.C. Utilities Commission Act.
Empirical problems in economics range from: defining "wicked problems"; measuring interpersonal utility; defining and measuring consequences; obtaining adequate data; and evaluating or recognizing intangibles. Methodological problems in economics include: predicting consequences; elements of bias in evaluation techniques; the neglect of non-users in evaluation techniques for non-market resources; option values for environmental resources; and evaluating irreversible project consequences. Theoretical problems in economics stem from: narrow problem definitions and incomplete specification of alternatives which hinder achievement of optimal decisions; the theory of "second best"; the Scitovsky reversal paradox; the need for actual compensation to take place under certain situations; the use of willingness-to-pay or willingness-to-be-compensated measures of consumer surplus; the selection of a discount rate; and the effect of risk and uncertainty on evaluation.
Ethical problems in social cost-benefit analysis arise from: the existence of multiple and conflicting problem definitions and sets of alternatives; Arrow's Impossibility Theorem which precludes the specification of a social welfare function; value judgments made implicitly in the methods of inquiry in both economics and the science needed for impact prediction; the existence of non-utilitarian frameworks that conflict with the utilitarian emphasis of social cost-benefit analysis; the reductionist nature of valuing environmental resources; the judgments made about individual rights in the selection of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-be-compensated measures; and the judgments made about future generations in the selection of a discount rate.
Political problems in social cost-benefit analysis are evident in: the hidden agendas and political goals of politicians, bureaucrats and interest groups; incentives to bias problem definition and alternative selection in order to justify a politically but not necessarily economically justified project; incentives to restrict the boundaries of analysis to provincial boundaries; and incentives to overstate benefits, understate costs and neglect qualitative project effects.
Some of the economic, ethical and political problems can be resolved by changing the way that government project review processes operate. Three broad changes are recommended: a two-tier review process which clearly separates evaluation from the preceding stages of analysis; an increased use of public and interdepartmental review in the early stages of analysis; and a flexible and experimental approach to evaluation.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Kachabe, Victor, and Petersson Sarah Kirabo. "Ethical Leadership: Ubuntu and Jantelagen : The influence of Culture in the interpretation of ethical leadershipin Zambia and Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96214.
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The main purpose of our study was to gain a deeper understanding of how culture influences the interpretation of ethical leadership by both leaders and followers in Zambia and Sweden. The study was conducted using an interpretative narrative inquiry with a small sample of ten participants (i.e. leaders and followers) selected using a purposive sampling method. The participants were drawn from six small and medium local authorities in Sweden (three medium size Kommuns) and Zambia (Two municipalities and one District Council). The empirical data was collected using semi-structured interview guides with interview sessions lasting 45 minutes on average. The data collected was transcribed and analyzed using narrative and thematic analysis. Based on this analysis, we came up with four main themes regarding the interpretation of ethical leadership by leaders and followers, and these are: Morality, Law, Humanity and Nature which constitute our Culture-Ethical Leadership interpretation model. The empirical narratives demonstrated some similarities in the interpretation of ethical leadership between leaders and followers in Sweden and Zambia. The leaders and followers from both countries affiliated ethical leadership to morality, humanity, adherence to the law, and, caring and protecting nature. Our research also led us to conclude that there is a degree of variance in the interpretation of ethical leadership which relates to the differences in the cultural contexts. In Zambia, leaders and followers show high inclination to the law as being ethical which is reflected in Bello (2012)’s statement that failure to follow rules and regulations is a manifestation of unethical leadership while in Sweden, leaders and followers are inclined to high morality and humanity influenced by high levels of trust as narrated by our participants from Sweden.Alumbwe leza!
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Verrina, Eugenio [Verfasser], Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach, and Christoph [Gutachter] Engel. "Essays on Moral and Ethical Behavior in Experimental Economics / Eugenio Verrina ; Gutachter: Bettina Rockenbach, Christoph Engel." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216241171/34.
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McCowen, Tracey. "Emission Permits as a Monetary Policy Tool: Is it Feasible? Is it Ethical?" ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/811.
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The price of emission permits is deemed too low to mitigate climate change. In three studies, policy approaches to pricing carbon in a market setting are examined. First, the emission permit market is analyzed comparatively to how the ethanol mandate impacted prices in the corn market. This leads to the realization that the marketization of carbon is more like a currency than a physical commodity. The next study examines emission permits as a monetary policy tool. Emissions correlate GDP output, thus central banks can use emission permits as forward guidance, as a means to optimize the price for climate change mitigation, and as an alternative to interest rates. Opinions of thought leaders are used to question the acceptability of emission permits as a monetary policy tool. The final study is an ethical analysis using deontology, utilitarianism and virtue ethics within a pragmatic philosophical context, analyzing carbon as a monetary policy tool. In order for carbon as a monetary policy tool to be considered ethically acceptable, it must satisfy the temporal, spatial and institutional dilemmas of climate change articulated in Stephen Gardiner’s Perfect Moral Storm. Under this ethical standard, it is found that using carbon as a monetary policy tool can help address these concerns, but not solve them alone. This research is presented using transdisciplinary methods which provide a unique and holistic approach to policy formation not yet presented in the literature. This research is relevant to policy makers in central banking, the IMF and World Bank.
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Marconi, Nicholas Genova. "The “Lemon Market” Phenomenon in Label-Dependent Niche Markets: An Examination of the Nature of Ethical Consumption." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273000852.
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Untertrifaller, Anna [Verfasser], Matthias [Gutachter] Sutter, and Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach. "Cooperation, Diligence, and Ethical Behavior: Four Essays in Experimental Economics / Anna Untertrifaller ; Gutachter: Matthias Sutter, Bettina Rockenbach." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177241188/34.
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Brown, Mary Ashby. "Opportunities, obstacles, and implications for ethical trade in the South African wine industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52387.
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Thesis (MScAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research paper attempts to elucidate the main issues surrounding the integration of ethical trade, meaning the building, monitoring, and communicating of social and/or environmental responsibility, within the South African wine industry. The author first establishes the hypothesis that social and/or environmental responsibility is important to the South African wine industry, as this investment could theoretically provide the industry with a competitive advantage in an increasingly cutthroat international wine market by addressing the industry's most outstanding defects: the lack of quality production, the need for investment in natural resources (labour and the environment), as well as the call for building brand equity and niche marketing strategies. Put differently, this paper suggests that the investment in social and/or environmental responsibility could offer cost-saving benefits to the industry as well as paving a road to international market access. This research first gives a background of ethical trade and determines a picture of the current situation of the South African wine industry, and lastly, given this information, derives the key opportunities, obstacles, and implications of the potential amalgamation of ethical trade in the industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die belangrikste probleme rondom die integrering van etiese handel, waarby bedoel word die bou, monitering en kommunikering van sosiale en/of omgewingsverantwoordelike produksie, binne die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf, toe te lig. Eers word die belangrikheid van etiese handel vir die bedryf vasgestel, en word redeneer dat sodanige belegging teoreties aan die bedryf 'n mededingende voordeel in die internasionale mark kan bied deur aandag te gee aan sekerlik die belangrikste tekortkominge in die Suid-Afrikaanse bedryf. Dit sluit in die gebrek aan genoegsame kwaliteit-produksie, die behoefte aan belegging in kritiese hulpbronne, naamlik mense en die omgewing, asook 'n wekroep vir belegging in handelsmerke en niche-strategieë. Anders gestel, word die voorstel gemaak dat sulke beleggings tot voordeel van die bedryf kan wees deur dat dit koste-besparings en verbeterde toegang tot die internasionale mark teweeg kan bring. Daarom word die begrip etiese handel eers toegelig, gevolg deur 'n strategiese ontleding van die Suid-Afrikaanse bedryf. Gegewe hierdie inligting, word die sleutel geleenthede, beperkinge, en implikasies van die aanvaarding van etiese handel dan ontleed.
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Karimi, Sameer, Yasen Stoev, and Olle Zander. "Ethical Issues in E-Permission Marketing : A study of how consumer behaviour is affected by unethical practices involving E-Permission Marketing." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36246.
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Kajackaite, Agne [Verfasser], Dirk [Gutachter] Sliwka, and Bernd [Gutachter] Irlenbusch. "Economics of Ethical and Prosocial Behavior: Experiments on Social Responsibility, Ignorance, and Cheating / Agne Kajackaite. Gutachter: Dirk Sliwka ; Bernd Irlenbusch." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104931400/34.
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Esser, Jan Hendrik. "Who cares? : moral reflections on business in healthcare." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52612.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This evaluation serves the purpose of illuminating concepts and ideas behind the moral impact of business values in healthcare and to establish a framework for the analysis of moral dilemmas found in the sphere ofbio-medical ethics. The historic developments of business in healthcare are examined, looking at how and why business became an integral part of the health care system. The concept of "managed healthcare" is introduced and used as the context in which the different institutional role-players are brought together. Managed healthcare is defined by a discussion of the different organisational structures through which it manifests itself. The policies, procedures and regulations that managed healthcare organisations implement and control to fulfil their general function are also examined. Some normative aspects pertaining to the concept of managed health care are explored, including the institutional values of business and that of medicine. A brief discussion of the economic system in which the business agents or role players function are included in the evaluation of the institutional values of business. Further arguments are made to show how the healthcare system with all its role players displays the characteristics of a complex system. Discussions on the fundamental values of medicine concentrate on the basic ideas behind virtues and principles of medical ethics. It is argued that the development of these virtues and principles are important foundations on which the medical profession stands. The moral impact of combining these institutional values within the context of managed healthcare relationships is examined and some important moral dilemmas or conflicts are identified. It is further argued that the fundamental relationships between all the role players in the health care system have changed as all the agents function within a complex system, giving rise to new organisational structures and relationships, with new conceptual roles, ideals, values and practices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie evaluasie het dit ten doelom sekere konsepte en idees agter die morele impak van besigheidswaardes in gesondheidsorg te illumineer en om 'n raamwerk daar te stel vir die verdere analise van morele dilemmas in die sfeer van bio-mediese etiek. Die historiese ontwikkeling van besigheid in gesondheidsorg word verken deur die redes aan te voer waarom besigheid deel van die gesondheidsorgsisteem geword het. Die konsep "bestuurde gesondheidsorg" word gebruik as die konteks waarin die verskillende institusionele rolspelers bymekaar gebring word. Bestuurde gesondheidsorg word gedefinieer deur die verskillende organisatoriese strukture waardeur dit manifesteer. Die prosedures, regulasies en bereid wat bestuurde gesondheidsorgorganisasies implementeer om hul funksies te vervul word ook verken. Normatiewe aspekte van bestuurde gesondheidsorg word verken, waarby ingesluit word die institusionele waardes van besigheid sowel as dié van medisyne. 'n Kort beskrywing van die ekonomiese sisteem waarin die besigheidsagente, of rolspelers funksioneer word ingesluit by die evaluasie van die institusionele waardes van besigheid. Verdere argumente word gevoer om te wys daarop hoe die gesondheidsorgsisteem met al sy rolspelers die karakter toon van 'n komplekse sisteem. Die basiese idees agter deugsaamheid en morele beginsels van bio-mediese etiek word bespreek om die fundamentele waardes van medisyne te beskryf. Daar word geargumenteer dat die ontwikkeling van hierdie waardes 'n belangrike fondament is waarop die mediese professie staan. Die morele impak van die kombinasie tussen die institusionele waardes van besigheid en medisyne binne die konteks van bestuurde gesondheidsorg word geevalueer en belanrike morele dilemmas en konflikte word geidentifiseer. Verder word geargumenteer dat die fundamenrele verhouding tussen al die rol spelers in die gesondheidsisteem verander het danksy die funksionering van die agente binne hierdie komplekse sisteem. Dit lei op sy beurt na veranderinge in organisatoriese strukture en verhoudinge met nuwe konsepsuele rolle, idiale, waardes en praktyke.
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Queiroz, Jose Benevides. "Durkheim : em busca da (re)moralização da economia." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281084.
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Orientador: Valquiria G. Domingues Leão RegoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:20:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Queiroz_JoseBenevides_D.pdf: 4325281 bytes, checksum: 53789a1a90dc6df393733271bcbb7f22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Em sua obra, Durkheim nunca estudou especificamente a economia. Esta e o pensamento econômico só apareceram como pano de fundo ou foram mencionadas en passant. Contudo, isto não o impediu de elaborar análises sobre o estado da economia de sua época e nem muito menos apontar soluções para a mesma. A presente tese tem como objetivo sistematizar e desvelar o pensamento econômico do sociólogo francês, bem como analisar a validade de suas propostas para superar o estado de anomia em que a economia se encontrava. Para isto, partiu-se da hipótese de que, com sua reflexão, Durkheim buscou (re)moralizar a economia
Abstract: ln his work, Durkheim never studied the economy specifically. This economy and the economic thought only appeared as a backdrop or were mentioned en passant. However, that did not stop him from elaborating analyses on the state of the economy of his time or from pointing solutions to it. The present thesis aims to systematize and show the French sociologist's economical thought, as well as to analyze that validity of his proposals to overcome the state of anomie in which the economy was. For that, one assumes that with his reflection, Durkheim sought to (re)moralize the economy
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Wennerholm, Caroline, and Marie Larsson. "Ethics in the auditing profession : A comparison between auditors and students." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Accounting and Finance, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-401.
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Introduktion: Revisionsbranschen har under de senaste åren drabbats av en rad skandaler vilka har fått stor uppmärksamhet i media den senaste tiden. De inträffade företagsskandalerna har bidragit till ökade krav på etik inom revisionsbranschen. För att revisorer ska återfå sin trovärdighet bland klienter och intressenter har kraven i allmänhet ökat på revisorer. Syftet med vår studie är att från ett svenskt perspektiv undersöka graden av etiskt tänkande bland revisorer. Detta kommer även att jämföras med det etiska tänkandet bland studenter för att se om det föreligger skillnader och likheter när det gäller etik.
Metod: För att uppnå vårt syfte med studien har vi valt att genomföra
både kvantitativ enkätundersökning samt kvalitativa intervjuer.
Enkäten genomfördes på totalt 100 respondenter varav 50 revisorer och 50 studenter. Resultaten från enkäten följdes upp av tre djupintervjuer med tre revisorer som även deltog i enkäten.
Teori: Teorin är indelad i tre större avsnitt; etik i allmänhet, etik inom revisionsbranschen samt etiskt tänkande vid beslutsfattande. Den teoretiska referensramen inleds med ett brett perspektiv på etik för att få en bakgrund till vårt huvudproblem som berör etiskt tänkande bland revisorer.
Empiri: Resultaten från vår enkätundersökning och de tre intervjuerna är sammanställda i en empirisk diskussion.
Slutsats: Slutsatserna vi kommit fram till är att revisorer har ett högt etiskt tänkande i beslutsfattandet och de har även ett högre etiskt tänkande än studenter vid etiska dilemman. En annan slutsats är att studenter behöver mer etik undervisning för att vara föreberedda på vad som väntas när de kommer att arbeta på revisionsbyråer. Etikundervising är viktigt då etik är grunden för revisionsbranschen.
Introduktion: Revisionsbranschen har under de senaste åren drabbats av en rad skandaler vilka har fått stor uppmärksamhet i media den senaste tiden. De inträffade företagsskandalerna har bidragit till ökade krav på etik inom revisionsbranschen. För att revisorer ska återfå sin trovärdighet bland klienter och intressenter har kraven i allmänhet ökat på revisorer. Syftet med vår studie är att från ett svenskt perspektiv undersöka graden av etiskt tänkande bland revisorer. Detta kommer även att jämföras med det etiska tänkandet bland studenter för att se om det föreligger skillnader och likheter när det gäller etik.
Metod: För att uppnå vårt syfte med studien har vi valt att genomföra både kvantitativ enkätundersökning samt kvalitativa intervjuer. Enkäten genomfördes på totalt 100 respondenter varav 50 revisorer och 50 studenter. Resultaten från enkäten följdes upp av tre djupintervjuer med tre revisorer som även deltog i enkäten.
Teori: Teorin är indelad i tre större avsnitt; etik i allmänhet, etik inom revisionsbranschen samt etiskt tänkande vid beslutsfattande. Den teoretiska referensramen inleds med ett brett perspektiv på etik för att få en bakgrund till vårt huvudproblem som berör etiskt tänkande bland revisorer.
Emperi: Resultaten från vår enkätundersökning och de tre intervjuerna är sammanställda i en empirisk diskussion.
Slutsats: Slutsatserna vi kommit fram till är att revisorer har ett högt etiskt tänkande i beslutsfattandet och de har även ett högre etiskt tänkande än studenter vid etiska dilemman. En annan slutsats är att studenter behöver mer etik undervisning för att vara föreberedda på vad som väntas när de kommer att arbeta på revisionsbyråer. Etikundervising är viktigt då etik är grunden för revisionsbranschen.
Introduction: In the recent decades the auditing profession has been faced by several scandals. These scandals have brought up a lot of attention in media. Corporate scandals have led to increased demands for ethics within the auditing profession. To regain the trustworthiness in the auditing profession and to prevent future scandals, the demands on the profession have increased. The aim of the study is, from a Swedish perspective, to investigate the level of ethical reasoning among auditors and accounting students when facing an ethical dilemma.
Methodology: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we have chosen to apply both a quantitative- and a qualitative approach. To investigate the level of ethical reasoning we have conducted a survey on 50 auditors and 50 accounting students. This was followed up by three in-depth interviews with three auditors who participated in the survey.
Theoretical framework: The theory is divided into three major areas; ethics in business, ethics in auditing and ethical reasoning in decisionmaking. The theory starts with a wider perspective to end with the theory concerning the main problem.
Empirical findings: The results from the survey and the interviews are presented in an empirical discussion.
Conclusion: The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that auditors posses a high level of ethical reasoning in their decision- making. Auditors also have a higher ethical reasoning than accounting students when facing ethical dilemmas. Another conclusion is that students need more ethics education before entering the auditing profession, since ethics is what the profession is all about.
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Scheckter, Jonathan. "A holistic approach to consumption analysis in the popular music market." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/216/.
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Brunk, Katja H. "Essays on consumer perceived ethicality (CPE) of companies and brands." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210027.
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Following the call for further research on the consumer perspective of corporate ethics, this research sets out to explore and conceptualize the construct of ‘Consumer Perceived Ethicality’ (CPE), referring to consumers’ aggregate and valenced perceptions of a subject’s(i.e. a company, brand, product, or service) ethicality. Results present novel insights into how positive/negative CPE is formed and impacted by various kinds of corporate conduct, thereby offering some explanations as to why some companies benefit from positive while others suffer from negative moral equity.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Gånedahl, Hanna, and Pernilla Viklund. "Hälsoekonomiska aspekter av magsäcksoperationer : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6062.
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Bakgrund: Fetma är ett folkhälsoproblem som har ökat dramatiskt de senaste två decennierna. För att behandla extrem fetma har magsäcksoperationer blivit en allt mer vanlig metod. De hälsoekonomiska aspekterna av operation har ännu inte studerats i Sverige. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa hälsoekonomiska aspekter av magsäcksoperationer som intervention mot fetma. Metod: Metoden var en litteraturstudie. Elva vetenskapliga studier valdes ut, analyserades och sammanställdes utifrån hälsoekonomiska aspekter. Resultat: Magsäcksoperationer var kostnadseffektiva som intervention mot fetma i jämförelse med ingen intervention, traditionell intervention och medicinsk behandling. Studiernas resultat varierade i tid till break even och beräkning av inkrementell kostnadskvot. Troliga anledningar till dessa skillnader var studiernas olika ursprungsländer och tidsperspektiv. Slutsats: Ur ett hälsoekonomiskt perspektiv rekommenderas operationer som intervention mot fetma. Dock bör etiska aspekter beaktas när samhällets begränsade ekonomiska resurser ska fördelas mellan olika interventioner.Background: Obesity has increased dramatically in the last 20 years and has become a major public health issue. Bariatric surgery has become a more commonly used method for treating morbid obesity. The health economic aspects of bariatric surgery have not yet been studied in Sweden. Aim: The study highlights the health economic aspects of bariatric surgery as an intervention to treat obesity. Method: The method used was a literature review. Eleven scientific studies were selected, analyzed and compiled using a health economic perspective. Results: Bariatric surgery was a cost effective intervention for treating obesity, compared with no interventions, traditional interventions and medical treatment. The results of the studies vary in time to break even and incremental cost ratio. The studies different countries of origin and time perspectives are possible reasons for these differences. Conclusion: From a health economic perspective bariatric surgery was recommended as an intervention for treating obesity. However, ethical issues should be considered when the society's limited financial resources are distributed between different interventions.
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Lundgren, Malin, and Mimmi Milocco. "Etik inom klädindustrin : En kvalitativ studie om konsumenters åsikter om etisk information på klädesplagg." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14674.
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En kvalitativ studie om konsumenters åsikter om etisk information på klädesplagg Det har identifierats att konsumenter saknar kunskap och information för att göra etiska köpbeslut. En följd av detta är att konsumenters bristande kunskap om etiskt mode hindrar dem från att förändra deras oro till faktiska köp. Syftet är att undersöka hur konsumenters kunskap, oro och åsikter kring etiskt mode reflekteras i deras syn på vilken etisk information de vill ha på klädprodukter. Förhoppningen är att studiens resultat ska bidra till mer kunskap till modebranschen om konsumenters behov av information vid köp av etiska och hållbara produkter. De forskningsfrågor som studien syftar att besvara är följande; hur resonerar konsumenter kring etisk information som sätts på klädesplagg, vilken etisk information vill konsumenter ha på klädesplagg; hur vill konsumenter att etisk information ska presenteras på klädesplagg för att de enklare ska kunna välja etiska klädprodukter. Vi har utgått från en teoretisk referensram som belyser konsumenters köpbeteende av etiskt mode vilken inkluderar en modell baserad på sex teser. Från dessa har endast tre teser använts och utifrån dessa har en egen analysmodell presenterats som användes för att analysera vår tempiriska material. Analysmodellen inkluderar konsumenters kunskap och oro om etiskt mode; konsumenters åsikter och övertygelser om företags etiska handlingar; vilken etisk information vill konsumenter ha på klädesplagg; hur konsumenter vill att etisk information ska presenteras på klädesplagg för att de enklare ska kunna välja etiska klädprodukter. För att samla in empiriskt material har metoden fokusgrupp valts där vi har gjort två grupper. Resultatet av denna studie blev att konsumenter anser att dagens information inte är tillräckligt synlig och de känner att de inte har kunskapen att bedöma vilka produkter som är etiska eller oetiska. Konsumenter anser att klädindustrin är en smutsig industri som behöver förändring. Det har även visat sig att konsumenter känner sig tveksamma till företags verkliga syfte bakom deras etiska arbete samt har lågt förtroende för dem. Den etiska information som konsumenter vill ha är bland annat märkningar som land, närproducerat, egen producerat och symboler för etik och barnarbete. Konsumenter vill att detta ska presenteras tydligt och synlig på främst etiketter.It has been identified that consumers don’t have the information or knowledge they need to make ethical purchasing decisions. A consequence of this is that consumers lack the knowledge of ethical fashion which prevents them from changing their concerns to actual purchases. The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumers’ knowledge, concern and opinions about ethical fashion reason in which information they want on clothing products. The hope is that the result of this study can contribute to more knowledge for the fashion industry about consumers’ need for information when purchasing ethical and sustainable products. This study aims to answer the following research questions; how do consumers deliberate about ethical information on garments; which ethical information do consumers want on clothes; and how would consumers prefer ethical information to be presented in order to being able to make better choices when purchasing garments. We have proceeded from a theoretical framework which illustrates consumers’ buying behavior of ethical fashion which includes a model based on six hypothesis. From these only three hypothesis have been used and form the basis for our own analytical model that was used to analyse the empirical data. The analytical model includes consumers’ knowledge and concerns about ethical fashion; consumers’ beliefs about companies ethical actions; which ethical information do consumers want on clothes; and how consumers want ethical information to be presented in order to being able to make better choices when purchasing garments. As a research method we have used interviews with two focus groups. The result of this study showed that consumers believe that the current ethical information is not easily available and they feel that they don’t have the knowledge to decide which products that are ethical or not. Consumers feel that the clothing industry is a dirty one which needs to substantially change. The result also shows that consumers feel quite doubtful as to fashion companies real purposes behind their ethical messages and that consumers have low faith in them. The ethical information that consumers want are labels that contain information such as country of origin, whether locally produced or not, own produced as well as recognized symbols regarding ethics and child labor. Consumers want this information to be clearly presented and visible on tags. The language of the study is Swedish.
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Stevens, Courtney A. "Promoting ethical consumption behavior through spaces constructed by collective actions and pre-existing values how Fairtrade Towns establish pathways for participation /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1798967321&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Sidler, Daniel. "Medical futility as an action guide in neonatal end-of-life decisions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50017.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis discusses the value of medical futility as an action guide for neonatal endof- life decisions. The concept is contextualized within the narrative of medical progress, the uncertainty of medical prognostication and the difficulty of just resource allocation, within the unique African situation where children are worse off today than they were at the beginning of the last century. parties actively engage in an interactive deliberation for a plan of action. Both parties ought to accept moral responsibility. Such a model of deliberation has the added advantage of transcending the limitations of the participants to arrive at a higher-level solution, which is considered more than just a consensus. It has been argued that medical progress has obscured the basic need for human compassion for the dying and for their loved ones. The literature furthermore reports that the quality of end-of-life care is unsatisfactory for both patients and their families. It is within this context that the concept of medical futility is positioned as a useful action guide. As we do not have the luxury of withdrawing from the responsibility to engage in the deliberation of end-of-life decisions, such responsibility demands an increasing awareness of ethical dilemmas and a model of medical training where communication, conflict-resolution, inclusive history taking, with assessment of patient values and preferences, is focussed on. The capacity for empathetic care has to be emphasized as an integral part of such approach. Finally, in this thesis, the concept of medical futility is tested and applied to clinical case scenarios. It is argued that the traditional medical paradigm, with its justification of an 'all out war' against disease and death, in order to achieve utopia for all, is outdated. Death in the neonatal intensive care unit is increasingly attributed to end-of-life decisions. Futile treatment could be considered a waste of scarce resources, contradicting the principle of nonmaleficence and justice, particularly in an African context. The ongoing confidence in, and uncritical submission to the technological progress in medicine is understood as a defence and coping mechanism against the backdrop of the experience of life's fragility, suffering and the inevitability of death. Such uncritical acceptance of the technological imperative could lead to a harmful fallacy that cure is effected by prolonging life at all cost. What actually occurs, instead, is the prolongation of the dying process, increasing suffering for all parties involved. The historical development of the concept of medical futility is discussed, highlighting its applicability to the paradigmatic scenario of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Particular attention is given to ways in which the concept could endanger patient-autonomy by allowing physicians to make unilateral, paternalistic decisions. It is argued that the informative model of the patient-physician relationship, where the physician's role is to disclose information in order for the patient to indicate her preferences, ought to be replaced by a more adequate deliberative model, where both
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bespreek die waarde van mediese futiliteit as 'n maatstaf vir aksie in gevalle van neonatale 'einde-van-lewe' besluite. Die konsep word gekontekstualiseer binne die wêreldbeskouing van mediese vooruitgang, die onsekerheid van mediese prognostikering en die probleme wat geassosieer IS met regverdige hulpbrontoekenning; spesifiek binne die unieke Afrika-situasie. Dit word aangevoer dat die tradisionele mediese paradigma, met regverdiging vir voorkoming van siekte en dood ten alle koste, verouderd is. Sterftes in neonatale intensiewe sorgeenhede word toenemend toegeskryf aan 'einde-van-lewe' besluite Futiele behandeling sou dus beskou kon word as 'n vermorsing van skaars hulpbronne, wat teenstrydig sou wees met die beginsels nie-skadelikheid ('nonmaleficence') en regverdigheid. Die volgehoue vertroue in en onkritiese aanvaarding van aansprake op tegnologiese vooruitgang lil geneeskunde, kan beskou word as verdediging- en hanteringsmeganisme in die belewenis van lewenskwesbaarheid, lyding en die onafwendbaarheid van die dood. Sodanige onkritiese aanvaarding van die tegnologiese imperatief kan tot 'n onverantwoordbare denkfout, naamlik dat genesing plaasvind deur verlenging van lewe ten alle koste, lei. Wat hierteenoor eerder mag plaasvind, is 'n verlenging die sterwensproses en, gepaard daarmee, toenemende lyding van all betrokke partye. Die historiese ontwikkeling van die konsep van mediese futiliteit word bespreek met klem op die toepaslikheid daarvan op die paradigmatiese situasie van kardiopulmonêre resussitasie. Spesifieke aandag word gegee aan maniere waarop die konsep pasiënte se outonomie in gevaar stel, deur die betrokke medici die reg te gee tot eensydige, paternalistiese besluitneming. Die argument is dan dat die informatiewe model, waar die verhouding tussen die dokter en pasiënt gebasseer is op die beginsel dat die dokter inligting moet verskaf aan die pasiënt sodat die pasiënt 'n ingeligte besluit kan neem, vervang moet word met 'n meer toepaslike beraadslagende model, waar sowel die dokter as die pasiënt aktief deelneem aan interaktiewe beraadslaging oor 'n aksieplan. Albei partye word dan moreel verantwoordbaar. So 'n model van beraadslaging het die bykomende voordeel dat dit die beperkings van die deelnemers kan transendeer. Sodoende word 'n hoër-vlak oplossing - iets meer as 'n blote consensus - te weeg gebring. Die argument word ontwikkel dat mediese vooruitgang meelewing met die sterwendes en hul geliefdes mag verberg. Verder dui die literatuur daarop dat die kwaliteit van einde-van-lewe-sorg vir sowel die pasiënte as hul familie onaanvaarbaar is. Dit is binne hierdie konteks dat die konsep van mediese futiliteit kan dien as 'n maatstaf vir aksie. Medici kan nie verantwoordelikheid vir deelname aan beraadslaging rondom eindevan- lewe beluitneming vermy nie, en as sodanig vereis die situasie toenemende bewustheid van sowel die etiese dilemmas as 'n mediese opleidingsmodel waann kommunikasie, konflikhantering, omvattende geskiedenis-neming, met insluiting van die pasient se waardes en voorkeure, beklemtoon word. Die kapasiteit vir empatiese sorg moet weer eens beklemtoon word as 'n integrale deel van hierdie benadering. Ten slotte, hierdie tesis poog om die konsep van mediese futiliteit te toets en toe te pas op kliniese situasies.
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Westberg, Ekerljung Frida, and Rebecca Jansson. "Etiskt konsumentbeteende : en studie om den svenska etiska modekonsumenten." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16826.
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Textil- och modeindustrin har på senare tid uppmärksammats i allt större utsträckning för att vara en ohållbar bransch och som följd av problemen har en rad etiska modevarumärken lanserats. De tar hänsyn till påverkan på miljö och människorna i produktionen, varför deras produkter kallas etiskt mode. De varumärken och de butiker som säljer etiskt mode har kunder som tar hänsyn till etiska aspekter i sitt köpbeslut, så kallade etiska konsumenter.Senaste decenniet har forskning på etiskt mode genomförts, men då framförallt på den vanliga konsumenten. Då forskning på svenska etiska konsumenter är begränsad har författarna till den här uppsatsen funnit det intressant att se närmare på dem. Tidigare forskning på etiska konsumenter har uppmärksammat ett gap mellan de etiska konsumenternas attityd mot etiskt mode och deras faktiska konsumentbeteende, ett attityd-beteendegap. De etiska konsumenterna har som intention att handla etiska kläder men gör det inte alltid.Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att förstå, beskriva och förklara vad som styr den svenska etiska konsumentens val att handla eller att inte handla etiska modekläder i syfte att öka förståelsen för hur företag kan minska det nu rådande attityd- beteendegapet.För att uppfylla syftet har en studie med en kvalitativ ansats genomförts. Syftet är inte att svara på några frågor eller göra någon form av generalisering, utan hellre att förstå meningen bakom den undersökta gruppen etiska konsumenters beteende. För empiriinsamlingen har fokusgrupper och ostrukturerade intervjuer använts som metod. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med hjälp av relevant bakgrundinformation, litteratur på ämnet, tidigare forskning och teorier om konsumentbeteende, specifikt etiskt konsumentbeteende.Utkomsten från empirin visar på att de etiska konsumenterna kännetecknas av att vara empatiska och att bry sig mer om sin omgivnings välmående än sin egna ekonomiska vinning. Deras intentioner är att handla etiska kläder, dock stärker den här studien tidigare forskning som visat på att etiska konsumenter inte alltid handlar efter deras etiska intentioner. För etiska konsumenter liksom vanliga konsumenter är pris och design faktorer som spelar in på deras köpbeslut. Den kvalitativa studien pekar på att den etiska konsumenten handlar etiska produkter när de matchar dennes behov och när det finns ett intresse för produkten i sig.Mängden kunskap om problemen i produktionen ökar chansen att konsumenten handlar etiskt men saknas tillgänglig information om produkterna och återförsäljare så finns det en risk att den etiska konsumenten väljer andra produkter framför etiska produkter. Företagen måste inse vikten av att göra sig tillgängliga och sina produkter attraktiva. Studien tyder på att företag, både med och utan etiska koncept, måste ha god kännedom om sina kunder. Även den etiska konsumenten har olika behov beroende av var den befinner sig i livet. Produkterna och marknadsföring av dem bör följaktligen anpassas till den aktuella situationen.The textile and fashion industry increasingly gain attention for not being a sustainable industry. As a result a range of fashion brands have been launched. They consider the impact on the environment and people within the production, why the products from these producers are called ethical fashion. The brands and the stores offering ethical fashion have customers who consider ethical aspects when they buy clothes, so called ethical consumers.Since research on Swedish ethical consumers is limited the authors of this thesis found it interesting to take a closer look at them. Previous research has noticed a gap between the ethical consumers’ attitude towards ethical fashion and their actual consumer behaviour, an attitude-behaviour gap.The purpose of this thesis is to understand, describe and explain what directs the Swedish ethical consumer's choice to buy or not to buy ethical fashion clothes, in order to increase the understanding of how companies can reduce the existing attitude- behaviour gap.A study with a qualitative approach has been carried out. The aim was not to be able to give answers or make any generalization, instead to understand the meaning behind the group of ethical consumers whose behaviour have been studied. For the gathering of empirical data, focus groups and unstructured interviews have been used as method. The empirical data has been analyzed using relevant background information, literature on the topic, previous research and theories about consumer behaviour, specifically ethical consumer behaviour.The outcome from the empirical data indicates that ethical consumers are characterized by being empathetic and to care more about the well-being of their environment than their personal financial gain. Their intentions are to buy ethical clothes, however this study support previous studies which have shown that ethical consumers not always act according to their ethical intentions. For ethical consumers, just like regular consumers, price and design are factors that have impact on their buying decisions. This qualitative study indicates that the ethical consumer buy ethical products when the products match their needs and when they have an interest in the product itself. The quantity of knowledge about the ethical problems increases the chance that the consumer will buy ethical products, but if information about the products and the retailers is not available there is a risk that the ethical consumer chooses other products instead of ethical ones. It is essential for companies to realize the importance of being available and making their products attractive. The study suggests that companies, both with and without ethical concepts, need to have good knowledge about their customers. Also the ethical consumers have different needs depending on where in life they are. The products and how marketing is used on them must therefore be adjusted accordingly to this.Program: Textilekonomutbildningen
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Rode, Julian. "Experiments of ethics and economic behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7362.
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The dissertation employs laboratory experimental methodology to study decision-making when people face trade-offs between ethical and economic values. More explicitly, the three chapters investigate 1) consumer behaviour when a substantially equivalent version of a product is more expensive because it was produced without child labour, 2) the interaction between an expert advisor and an ignorant decision-maker, when the former may gain from lying and the latter has to decide whether or not to trust in the advice, and 3) fairness in divisions of an economic gain between two people who were both involved in creating the gain, but only one of them provided real effort. Here, a focus is on the impact of power structure, i.e. who decides, on divisions and fairness judgments. All studies discuss implications of experimental behaviour for market and business domains. In addition, the thesis emphasizes ethical theories as complementary to normative benchmark from economic and psychological theory.La tesis utiliza una metodología experimental para investigar las decisiones de los individuos cuando hay un conflicto entre valores éticos y económicos. Mas específicamente, los tres capítulos investigan sobre 1) el comportamiento del consumidor cuando se enfrenta a dos versiones de un mismo producto, siendo una de ellas más cara por ser producida sin trabajo infantil, 2) la interacción entre un agente experto y un agente desinformado que debe tomar una decisión confiando o no en el consejo del experto, el cuál puede mentir para ganar más dinero, y 3) el reparto justo de una ganancia económica entre dos personas de las cuales sólo una ha contribuido trabajando en un ejercicio. Este último estudio se centra en el impacto de la estructura de poder, es decir quién decide, en el reparto y en los juicios de que es lo justo. Los estudios analizan las implicaciones del comportamiento experimental sobre los mercados y las empresas. Además, la tesis propone teorías éticas para complementar las teorías económicas y psicológicas.
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Palmér, Emma, and Ulrika Sjögren. "Vad har påverkat utvecklingen av den etiska klädmarknaden? : En jämförande kvalitativ studie av Storbritannien och Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18537.
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There is a growing interest for ethical consumption, in general as well as inthe clothing industry. The consumption of ethical clothes is a complexphenomenon though, where aspects such as quality, style, function, price,time assets, accessibility and ethical attitudes affect the decision making.Researches that have been executed show the diversities in developmentbetween different countries. There are fairly strong indications that theethical clothing market is more advanced in the United Kingdom than inSweden and therefore these two countries are objects of this research.The aim with this thesis is to describe and explain what have affected thedevelopment of the ethical clothing market in the United Kingdom comparedto Sweden. For that reason a qualitative approach has mainly been used,where deep interviews with people within the ethical clothing industry havecontributed to most of the empirical part. As a complement secondary datasuch as statistics of the two countries have been used in order to investigateour area.One useful tool, among others, to investigate the macro environment is theSLEPT model. With this model the surroundings are being evaluated withinthe areas of social/cultural, legal, economical, political and technologicalfactors. They influence differently on the possibility for new companies andbusinesses to operate and the factors can all together contribute to a betterunderstanding of the market environment. Population, income levels,Internet usage, political government and legislation regarding theenvironment and business are data that have been studied in this thesis.Sweden and the United Kingdom are rather similar when it comes toeconomical, political, legal and technological aspect, why the social/culturaldifferences are more distinct. The index of national culture, created byHofstede (2005) helps to explain some of the dissimilarities. The diversity inshort-term thinking, masculinity and individualism in the two countries maycontribute to an explanation of what have affected the development of theethical clothing market.Program: Textilekonomutbildningen
Uppsatsnivå: C
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Bertilsson, Linda, and Emma Ring. "Etiska konsumenter : Gapet mellan intentioner och handlingar." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14076.
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Forskning bekräftar att ett gap mellan intention och handling finns. Denna studie belyser etiska konsumenter samt gapet mellan att vilja handla etiskt och hållbart men att inte alltid göra det. Fokus har legat på att ta reda på varför detta gap uppstår och att skapa en förståelse för de faktorer som påverkar konsumenters köpbeteenden. En avgränsning till klädbranschen har gjorts då det finns begränsat med forskning kring gapet inom detta område samt ett till synes begränsat utbud av etiska och hållbara kläder. Genom en kvalitativ metod har 37 semistrukturerade intervjuer gjorts. Intervjuerna har ägt rum i två olika köpcentrum i Sverige. Resultatet visar att det finns respondenter som känner igen sig i det så kallade gapet och de främsta faktorerna respondenterna menar påverkar deras handlingar är pris, hållbara kläder ansågs dyra, informationsbrist, svårt att veta vad som är hållbart och inte samt bekvämlighet, orken att söka information på egen hand är begränsad. Det framkom även att en bristande tillit till det media och företag kommunicerar finns från konsumenternas sida och att detta kan vara en bidragande faktor till att gapet uppstår. Respondenter uttryckte att det aldrig finns några garantier för att de produkter som sägs vara tillverkade under bra förhållanden faktiskt är det. En slutsats om att det inom klädbranschen finns mycket för företag att arbeta med för att öka sin trovärdighet gentemot konsumenterna har kunnat dras. Det ligger dock även ett ansvar hos konsumenter att våga göra sin röst hörd samt att vara öppna för förändring. Det är en ömsesidig relation mellan företag, individer och samhälleConsumers’ intentions don’t always result in actions. This study focuses on ethical consumers in order to investigate why a gap between intention and action occur. Based on this an improved understanding for the underlying factors that impact buying behaviour is created. A delimitation has been made to focus this study on retail apparel and ethical and sustainable clothes. Some factors have been seen to be of bigger importance to the gap than others, such as price, lack of information and convenience. The results also imply that there is a missing trust from the consumers’ point of view when it comes to trusting what is communicated about ethical and sustainable work within the clothing industry.
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Cummine, Angela. "A citizen's stake in Sovereign Wealth Funds : the management, investment and distribution of sovereign wealth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c3b8fa7-768e-445f-b4f1-54297dca9582.
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Over the past five years, Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) have become a prominent phenomenon in contemporary capitalism. Described as government investment vehicles that invest state wealth in financial markets, the majority of the world's 60-plus funds have been established since the year 2000. Despite extensive treatments of SWFs' geopolitical and international significance, ethical and domestic level analyses are sparse. In response, this thesis interrogates three key normative questions raised by the funds for the domestic citizen-state relationship: (1) How (and by whom) should sovereign funds be managed? (2) How should sovereign wealth be invested? (3) How should the earnings of sovereign fund investment be distributed? In answering these questions, this thesis aims to dispel ambiguity over the ownership status of sovereign funds, evident in popular and academic discourse and within communities that establish these entities. For this task, it draws on recently revived fiduciary theory of the citizen-state relationship to argue that the rightful owner of these funds is the citizenry - not states or governments who enjoy physical and legal possession of SWFs. It goes on to examine the implications of this fiduciary state conception of SWF ownership, asking how citizen-owners should enjoy control over and benefit from the distinct constituent parts of their SWF property: the institution of the fund, the underlying sovereign wealth and the financial returns earned on the investment of its assets. The model of citizen ownership defended demands substantially increased popular control over SWF management and the investment of sovereign wealth, as well as direct benefit rights for citizen-owners to fund income through individualised distribution of investment returns. Examination of existing practice among SWFs demonstrates that this normative ideal is far, although not impossibly distant from current institutional practice.
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Höver, K. Hendrik W. "Corporate governance? : an ethical evaluation of the Second King report in the light of Peter Ulrich's integrative economic ethics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49895.
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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2004ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment is an ethical evaluation of the Second King Report on Corporate Governance. I focus on the relationships between the shareowners, the management and all stakeholders other than shareowners. The instrument used to assess the report is the concept of Integrative Economic Ethics shaped by Peter Ulrich. The Second King Report argues that a company should meet besides its economic needs as well as social and environmental objectives. Therefore, the company has to take responsibility for creating 'sustainable' value in all these three areas. Stakeholders have to be approached inclusively and pro-actively. These are new primary business imperatives due to the increasing social power of companies. However, the report is based upon a one dimensional approach in which the economic bottom line is decisive, and social and environmental interests are only considered if they serve the sustainability of business success. Likewise the inclusive stakeholder approach is a shortcoming, because stakeholder interests are not regarded as legitimate claims within a moral discourse in which all those citizens partake that are affected or involved by the company's activities. Not legitimacy but the stakeholders' relevance for the 'shareowner value' is the determining argument. Conflicting moral claims are not solved by good reasons, but are decided on a priori in favour of the company's overriding goal, which is to make profit. Profit orientation of a company, however, is not an empirical 'fact' but a normative choice, which is for or against specific interest groups and as such has to be legitimised in a moral discourse. Since the report does not subordinate profit orientation under the primacy of ethics, its whole corporate ethical concept is shaped by 'functionalism' even to the extent, that 'ethics' itself is viewed as an economic 'factor'. Yet, this contradicts the controversial and un-objective nature of ethics. In conclusion the report's entire argument is based upon pure strategic economic grounds and, thus, cannot be considered as ethical at all. Shifting the social and environmental corporate responsibility to the market system is based upon unfounded belief in the 'metaphysics of the market'. This, however, does not lie in the enlightened self-interest of a corporate citizen, as the market is merely ruled by power and counter-power - which is only beneficial for those specific societal groups with the sufficient monetary power to stay competitive. On the contrary, the equality of all citizens in a deliberative democracy must be safeguarded. The liberal idea of a just and well-ordered society implies the understanding of the company as a corporate citizen. As such its corporate ethics has to entail not only securing a company's integrity through business principles, but also a socio-political co-responsibility which obliges the company to shape the framework of market competition to enable life-conducive value creation. The general public of free and mature citizens is the locus where all claims, including corporate ones, have to be morally justified.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk evalueer die tweede King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa, wat op die verhouding tussen die aandeelhouers (shareowners), die bestuur (management), en aIle deelhebbers (stakeholders) buiten die aandeelhouers fokus. Die Integrative Economic Ethics-konsep, ontwikkel deur Peter Ulrich, is die instrument wat gebruik is om die verslag te beoordeel. Die tweede King-verslag vereis dat 'n maatskappy nie aIleen aan sy ekonomiese behoeftes voldoen nie, maar ook dat hy sy sosiale en omgewingsmikpunte haal. Daarom moet die maatskappy verantwoordelikheid neem om volhoubare waarde in elk van hierdie drie areas te skep. Deelhebbers moet inklusief en proaktief genader word. Hierdie is nuwe prirnere sake-imperatiewe, as gevolg van die toenemende sosiale mag van maatskappye. Die verslag is egter op 'n eendimensionele benadering gegrond, naamlik dat ekonomiese kwessies beslissend is (economic bottom line) en sosiale en omgewingsbelange slegs in ag geneem word wanneer hulle volhoubare sakesukses bevorder. Die 'inklusiewe deelhebber benadering' (inclusives stakeholder approach) skiet eweneens te kort, aangesien deelhebbers se belange nie erken word as regmatige eise binne 'n morele diskoers waaraan alle burgers deelneem wat geraak word deur, of betrokke is by, die maatskappy se aktiwiteite nie. Die deurslaggewende argument is nie regmatigheid nie, maar eerder die relevansie van die deelhebber se waarde vir die aandeelhouer. Strydige morele eise word nie deur goeie redenasie opgelos nie - daar word eerder a priori ten gunste van die maatskappy se oorheersende doel besluit, wat is om wins te maak. Winsorientasie van 'n maatskappy is egter nie 'n empiriese feit nie, maar 'n normatiewe keuse, wat vir of teen gegewe belangegroepe is, en as sodanig in 'n morele diskoers geregverdig moet word. Aangesien die verslag nie bereid is om winsorientasie ondergeskik aan etiese voorrang te stel nie, word die hele korporatiewe etiese konsep gevorm deur "funksionalisrne", selfs tot die mate dat etiek self as 'n ekonomiese faktor gesien word. Tog is dit strydig met die kontroversiele en nieobjektiewe aard van etiek. Ten slotte is die verslag se hele argument gebaseer op 'n suiwer strategies-ekonomiese grondslag, en kan dit dus glad nie as eties beskou word rue. Die keuse om sosiaal- en orngewingsgerigte korporatiewe verantwoordelikheid na die markstelsel te oor te skuif, is gebaseer op 'n ongegronde geloof in die "rnetafisika van die mark" (metaphysics of the market). Dit is egter nie in die ingeligte selfbelang van 'n korporatiewe burger nie, siende dat die mark deur mag en teen mag regeer word - wat slegs voordelig is vir die spesifieke groepe in die gemeenskap wat genoegsame rnonitere mag het om te kompeteer. In teenstelling daarmee, moet die gelykheid van alle burgers in 'n oorleggende demokrasie beskerm word. Die liberale konsep van 'n juiste en goedgeordende gemeenskap impliseer 'n begrip van 'n maatskappy as 'n korporatiewe burger. Korporatiewe etiek as sulks moet nie alleen 'n maatskappy se integriteit deur maatskappybeginsels verseker nie, maar ook 'n sosio-politiese medeverantwoordelikheid meebring, wat die maatskappy verplig om die raamwerk van markmededinging te vorm om sodoende lewensbevorderlike waardeskepping moontlik te maak. Die algemene publiek van vrye en volwasse burgers is die lokus waar alle eise, insluitend korporatiewe eise, moreel geregverdig moet word.
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Haraldsson, Frida, and Sonja Peric. "Drivers and motivations for second-hand shopping : A study of second-hand consumers." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17202.
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In recent years, second-hand products have received more attention and the demand for secondhand products has increased. In line with the demand for second-hand products, ethical consumption has also increased. There have been earlier studies done on ethical consumption and the drivers of its consumers. Meanwhile, there is a lack in the research regarding what it is that drives and motivates consumers to purchase second-hand products. The purpose of this study was to explore what drives and motivates consumers to shop second-hand products. The study used a qualitative method. The data was collected through interviews with employees and volunteers at second-hand stores, and through a focus group with second-hand customers. The empirical findings show that there are various drivers and motivations for second-hand consumption. However, there are some drivers and motivations which are more common than others. The conclusion is that consumers are motivated and driven by various factors. They are motivated by consumer responsibility, decrease of impulse purchases and reference groups. They are driven by dissonance, self-fulfillment, thrill of the hunt and finding unique products.
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Friberg, Sanna, and Filip Tu. "Students' Attitude-Behaviour Gap : And the Effect of Corporate Social Irresponsibility in the Fast Fashion Industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35661.
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Ellis, Elizabeth Anne. "Ethics of economic sanctions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7879.
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The ethics of economic sanctions is an issue that has been curiously neglected by philosophers and political theorists. Only a handful of philosophical journal articles and book chapters have ever been published on the subject; yet economic sanctions, as I will show, are significantly morally problematic and their use stands in need of moral justification. The aim of this thesis then is to consider how economic sanctions might be morally justified. Of the few writers who have considered this issue, the majority point to the analogies between economic sanctions and war and use the just war principles (just cause, proportionality etc.) as a framework within which to assess their moral permissibility. I argue that this is a mistake. The just war principles are derived from a set of complex and detailed arguments all planted firmly within the context of war. These arguments contain premises that, whilst they may hold true in the case of war, do not always hold true in the case of economic sanctions. Nevertheless, the rich just war tradition does offer a valuable starting point for theorising about economic sanctions and in the thesis I consider how the wider just war tradition might be brought to bear on the case of economic sanctions, beginning, not with the just war principles, but with the underlying arguments for those principles. In particular, I consider whether economic sanctions can be justified on the grounds that they are a form of self- or other-defence, that they are the ‘lesser evil’ and that they are a form of punishment. I argue that certain types of economic sanctions can be justified on the grounds that they are a form of self- or other- defence and that, in extreme circumstances, certain types of economic sanctions can be justified as the ‘lesser evil’. However, I argue that economic sanctions cannot be justified on the grounds of punishment. I also develop a ‘clean hands’ argument for economic sanctions that is unavailable to the just war theorist; I argue that where the goods and services to be supplied would contribute to human rights violations or other wrongful acts, there is a duty to impose economic sanctions to avoid complicity in this wrongdoing.
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Dunwiddie, Louisa. "Perspectives on Insider Trading Regulation: Examining Economic and Ethical Implications." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1056.
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This paper will discuss arguments for and against the regulation of insider trading, examining economic discussions of efficiency and philosophical outlines of justice based arguments. I will also outline the development of legislation in the United States over the last century, and examine recent events in order to identify the current sentiments regarding government prosecution. The most efficient outcome for the market is found through actions guided by justice. By using regulation as a restraint to unbounded self-interest, investor confidence in the fairness of the market remains high and individuals are protected from abuses to their property and rights.
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Mudau, Humbulani Alfred. "Governance and ethical principles in Local Economic Developments :a case study of the Greater Thohoyandou Municipality." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2081.
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Aljohani, Azizah. "Bitcoin: Technology, Economics and Business Ethics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36949.
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The rapid advancement in encryption and network computing gave birth to new tools and products that have influenced the local and global economy alike. One recent and notable example is the emergence of virtual currencies, also known as cryptocurrencies or digital currencies. Virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin, introduced a fundamental transformation that affected the way goods, services, and assets are exchanged. As a result of its distributed ledgers based on blockchain, cryptocurrencies not only offer some unique advantages to the economy, investors, and consumers, but also pose considerable risks to users and challenges for regulators when fitting the new technology into the old legal framework.
This paper attempts to model the volatility of bitcoin using 5 variants of the GARCH model namely: GARCH(1,1), EGARCH(1,1) IGARCH(1,1) TGARCH(1,1) and GJR-GARCH(1,1). Once the best model is selected, an OLS regression was ran on the volatility series to measure the day of the week the effect. The results indicate that the TGARCH (1,1) model best fits the volatility price for the data. Moreover, Sunday appears as the most significant day in the week. A nontechnical discussion of several aspects and features of virtual currencies and a glimpse at what the future may hold for these decentralized currencies is also presented.
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Bwalya, Musonda. "A Theological-ethical framework for economic development the case of Zambia /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09262005-235003.
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Lindblom, Lars. "The Employment Contract between Ethics and Economics." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11346.
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This thesis investigates what work ought to be like. The answer it presents consists of an outline of a liberaltheory of justice in the employment contract based on theory developed in the area of political philosophy. Thethesis also examines issues of efficiency—How should measures to improve working conditions be evaluated?—and the ethical implications of the economic theory of employment contracts and the neoclassical theory of themarket. Paper I: A theoretical framework is introduced for the evaluation of workplace inspections with respect totheir effects on working conditions. The choice of a concept of efficiency is discussed, and its relation to criteriafor a good working environment is clarified. It is concluded that in order to obtain reliable information onthe effects of different inspection methods, it is necessary to perform controlled comparative studies in whichdifferent methods are used on different workplaces. Paper II: This article outlines the structure of a Rawlsian theory of justice in the employment relationship.The theory answers three questions about justice and the workplace. What is the relationship between socialjustice and justice at work? How should we conceive of the problem of justice within the economic sphere?And, what is justice in the workplace? Reasons for a specific construction of a local original position are givenand arguments are presented in support of a principle of local justice in the form of a choice egalitarian localdifference principle. Paper III: The political philosophy of John Rawls is applied to the moral dilemma of whistleblowing, andit is shown that that the requirement of loyalty, in the sense that is needed to create this dilemma, is inconsistentwith that theory. In a discussion and rejection of Richard De George’s criteria on permissible whistleblowing,it is pointed out that the mere rejection of loyalty will not lead to an extreme position; harms can still be takeninto account. Paper IV: The case is made that if contemporary economics of the employment contract is correct, thenin order to explain the existence of employment contracts, we must make the assumption that the contractingparties are attempting to deal with decisiontheoreticignorance. It follows that the course of action that theemployer chooses to take when acting from authority cannot be justified by consent, since the informednesscriterion of consent cannot be satisfied under ignorance. It is then suggested that in order to achieve justificationof acts of authority, there must be in place a real possibility to contest employers’ decisions. Paper V: According to Ronald Dworkin’s theory of equality of resources, mimicking the ideal market fromequal starting points is fair. According to Dworkin, the ideal market should be understood as described in GérardDebreu’s influential work, which implies that we should conceive of trade as taking place under certainty. Thereare no choices under risk in such a market. Therefore, there is no such thing as option luck in the ideal market.Consequently, when mimicking this market, we cannot hold people responsible for option luck. Mimicking thismarket also implies that we ought to set up a social safety net, since rational individuals with perfect foresightwould see to it that they always have sufficient resources at each point in life. Furthermore, the idea of insuranceis incompatible with the ideal market.QC 20100728
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Tseng, Lu-Ming. "The ethical intention of economic agents : the relevance of reward time preference." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496096.
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In Taiwan, most life insurance companies pay salespeople by a pure compensation scheme (i.e. no base salary is provided). In addition, life insurance companies may pay a large part of the compensation fee to salespeople immediately (e.g. 80% of the whole compensation payment) when the deal is closed. Such a scheme may encourage short-term sales, but may also generate some unethical practices (e.g. providing exaggerated information to customers). To try to overcome this problem. insurance companies offer a non-immediate reward scheme to salespeople. In a non-immediate reward scheme, salespeople receive a small part of the compensation in each period. Thus, salespeople could be encouraged to provide services to customers in the long term, and would become less short-term focused. However, it is open to the question: does a non-immediate reward system really promote ethical behaviour in life insurance selling or not? A comparative analysis of reward schemes requires consideration of time preference, a concept of which has not been given sufficient attention in business ethics and sales management scheme.
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Ruhs, Martin. "The economics and ethics of labour immigration policy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619964.
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Spash, Clive L. "Environmental Values in Conservation: Ethics, Economics and Pragmatism." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5499/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2017_01.pdf.
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Mapara, Shahina H. "A critical examination of the ethics and methodology of Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi's Islamic economics /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30188.
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While much attention has been given to the abolition of interest in Islamic economics, there has been little attention given to the ethical framework on which it is based. Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi in Islam, Economics and Society (1994), presents an axiomatic approach to generating an Islamic economic theory from the ground up. Chapter one considers Naqvi's argument for a distinct Islamic economic system. Chapter two examines Naqvi's theoretical framework and the Islamic economic system which he derives from it. The chapter compares Naqvi's approach with that of M. Umer Chapra, who also adopts an ethical framework for the foundation of an Islamic economic theory. Chapter three examines the debate surrounding the definition of riba and the importance of riba in Islamic economics. This study concludes with a recommendation for a more systematic approach in interpreting the Qur'an, which is the source of Naqvi's economic axioms.
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Coleman, Dermot. "Being good with money : economic bearings in George Eliot's ethical and social thought." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3224.
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In a world of material needs and wants, economics and ethics are inextricably linked. George Eliot recognised this seminal inter-relationship and sought to unravel its intricacies and complexities through her writing. My thesis explores this contention by reference to two principal questions: how did Eliot conceptualise economic value within her broader individual and social ethics? And how was the integration of economic and wider concepts of the “good” explored and tested within the novels? I frame these questions against the great changes in how economics was theorised over her writing career and, by tracing intellectual connections with Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill and later writers attempting to define and secure the moral underpinnings of political economy, I argue that Eliot was better informed and engaged with that process than most criticism has acknowledged. I also re-examine the equally remarkable developments in Eliot’s life and material circumstances, particularly after the success of her first novels. Her wealth and management of financial capital brought a particular focus to all questions of valuation, not least in relation to her own work and intellectual property. I contend that an inability fully to reconcile the moral and aesthetic core of her art and the high financial rewards it was generating gave the economic ethics she tested in the novels an extraordinary urgency and complexity. In my readings of, in particular, the later novels, I argue that the crucial motivations and actions by which her characters attempt to manage economic choice simultaneously parallel and are contained within competing contemporary moral philosophical systems. I conclude that her dissatisfaction with any rule-based system, whether of outcome or duty, led her to consider an essentially Aristotelian ethics of virtue in relation to economic ethics. My final chapters look out beyond individual ethical choice to consider how Eliot’s social and political vision accommodated the economic and its attendant institutions and to suggest a connection with the new liberalism which was starting to emerge in the final years of her life.
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Tabosa, Adriana Santos 1975. "O problema da analise economica em Aristoteles : um estudo sobre a distinção dos conceitos de economia e crematistica." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278626.
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Orientador: João Carlos Kfouri Quartim de MoraesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T03:05:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tabosa_AdrianaSantos_M.pdf: 692293 bytes, checksum: 84fe47213298d16962c928e5f67c57e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A partir das discussões em torno do ¿problema da análise econômica¿ em Aristóteles, nós investigamos numa perspectiva comparativa, os textos da Política I, 9, onde são examinados quatro tipos de aquisição por troca, e da Ética a Nicômaco V, 5, onde é abordada a questão da troca justa e necessária cujo limite é a comunidade. Procuramos definir a diferença entre a troca natural, ou aquisição natural, pertencente à economia, com a troca antinatural, ou aquisição artificial, pertencente à crematística. A distinção entre economia e crematística, relacionada aos conceitos de práxis e poiêsis, permitem explicar em que consiste a verdadeira riqueza, que é conforme a natureza, por oposição à falsa riqueza, que é antinatural
Abstract: À partir du débat autour du problème de l¿analyse économique chez Aristote, nous avons étudié, dans une perspective comparative, les textes de Politique, I, 9 où sont examinés quatre types d¿acquisition par l¿échange et de l¿Étique à Nicomaque, V, 5, où il est question de l¿échange juste et nécessaire, dont la limite est la communauté. Nous discutons, notamment la différence entre l¿acquisition et l¿échange naturel, qui relèvent de l¿économie, et l¿acquisition et l¿échange anti-naturel, qui appartiennent à la chrématistique. La distinction entre économie et chrématistique, mise en rapport avec les concepts de práxis et de poiêsis, permet d¿expliciter la signification de la vraie richesse, qui est conforme à la nature, par opposition à la fausse richesse, qui est anti-naturelle
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia
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Spash, Clive L., and Clemens Gattringer. "The Economics and Ethics of Human Induced Climate Change." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5073/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2016_02.pdf.
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Human induced climate change poses a series of ethical challenges to the current political
economy, although it has often be regarded by economists as only an ethical issue for those
concerned about future generations. The central debate in economics has then concerned the
rate at which future costs and benefits should be discounted. Indeed the full range of ethical
aspects of climate change are rarely even discussed. Despite recent high profile and lengthy
academic papers on the topic the ethical remains at best superficial within climate change
economics. Recognising the necessary role of ethical judgment poses a problem for
economists who conduct exercises in cost-benefit analysis and deductive climate modelling
under the presumption of an objectivity that excludes values. Priority is frequently given to
orthodox economic methodology, but that this entails a consequentialist utilitarian philosophy
is forgotten while the terms of the debate and understanding is simultaneously restricted. We
set out to raise the relevance of a broader range of ethical issues including: intergenerational
ethics as the basis for the discount rate, interregional distribution of harm, equity and justice
issues concerning the allocation of carbon budgets, incommensurability in the context of
compensation, and the relationship of climate ethics to economic growth. We argue that the
pervasiveness of strong uncertainty in climate science, incommensurability of values and nonutilitarian
ethics are inherent features of the climate policy debate. That mainstream
economics is ill-equipped to address these issues relegates it to the category of misplaced
concreteness and its policy prescriptions are then highly misleading misrepresentations of
what constitutes ethical action. (authors' abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Sabir, Sameer A. "The economic and ethical considerations and implications of the stratification of future oncology therapeutics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54674.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2009.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-100).
This thesis investigates the economic impact of stratified medicine on industry and the subsequent ethical implications for patients. Stratified medicine involves the use of clinical biomarkers to indicate differential response among patients in efficacy or potential side effects of therapeutic agents. The advent of stratified medicine should, in theory, result in the safer, more effective use of therapeutic agents to treat cancer. However, reluctance remains within the broader life sciences community, in particular within the pharmaceutical industry, to embrace stratified medicine. I hypothesize that this is due to economic concerns. Firstly, an historical analysis of the rate of market adoption of stratified therapeutics is conducted by comparing the adoption velocity and time to peak sales of stratified therapeutics relative to traditional chemotherapeutics. The aim is to analyze whether historically, stratified medicines have been more or less successful in terms of speed of market adoption. To supplement this analysis interviews are conducted with investment analysts who cover pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies to gauge their views on stratified medicine. This is important due to the fact that publicly traded companies have an obligation to their shareholders, and shareholder views are shaped by the analyses of these individuals. In order to assess the future economic impact of stratified medicine on industry, particularly given that clinical biomarkers are now being developed much earlier in the R&D timeline, a model was constructed to predict economic outcomes based on various parameters associated with biomarker development.
(cont.) The aim of this model is to investigate how factors such as pricing, drug efficacy and biomarker accuracy, amongst other factors, impact the patient population, and therefore market size and economic performance for a drug with an associated biomarker. This body of analysis is then used to conduct a second set of interviews with representatives from patient advocacy groups to gauge their opinions on the ethical implications arising out of the economic considerations discussed in the first half of this thesis. In summary, this thesis undertakes a comprehensive review of the history of the adoption of stratified medicine within oncological therapeutics, and a forward-looking analysis of the economic and ethical implications with the aim of clarifying the circumstances in which stratification may be appropriate. In doing so, this thesis provides a resource to pharmaceutical companies and patient advocates attempting to chart a viable path forward in this rapidly changing field.
by Sameer A. Sabir.
S.M.
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Malone, Sheila. "Understanding the role of emotion in ethical consumption : a tourism context." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13619/.
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This thesis investigates the role of emotion in an ethical consumption context. It responds to a call by many researchers for greater knowledge of ethical issues in the field of marketing and consumer behaviour. This interest has emerged from a growth in ethical consumption practices despite hard economic times. The limitations of the renowned intention-behaviour gap highlight that such practices cannot be wholly explained by rational processes alone. However, little attention has been afforded to the impact of non-rational factors such as emotion. By examining the concept of emotion, this study addresses previously ignored consumption phenomena identified in the experiential perspective of consumer behaviour. More specifically, this thesis concentrates on tourism as an experiential consumption encounter and as a prototypical moral platform on which ethical practices has resulted in a plethora of alternative tourism offerings. This study employs semi-structured interviews with self-defined ethical tourists using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. This approach helped uncover participants' subjective experiences, their meaning and how they make sense of these encounters. The findings of this thesis demonstrate the difficulties experienced by the participants in communicating emotional experiences. As a result, they tended to use the senses to describe these encounters, thereby reflecting deeply engaging and emotional consumption experiences. The pivotal role emotion plays in the participants' ethical decision making is evident as it helps reaffirm an ethical sense of self, thereby influencing future ethical behaviours. Within the consumption experience, emotion appeared as a source of hedonic value often expressed through escape experiences and its concomitant feelings of freedom, through a sense of mutual benefit and in the challenge and achievement bestowed in the experience itself. Furthermore, the relationship between positive and negative emotions is evident highlighting the transformational effect of positive emotions and the influential impact of negative emotions on ethical consumption choices. The main contributions of this study are threefold. First, it contributes to the ethical literature by demonstrating ethical consumption to be a hedonic experience. It highlights emotion's key function in motivating, influencing, evaluating and engaging the participants with their consumption experiences. In particular, it contributes to the literature on ethical tourism as it highlights that the participants' desire to engage in ethical tourism is not only motivated by self-reflection based on their ethical beliefs and values, but also because of how these experiences make them feel. These feelings stem from an intrinsic enjoyment bestowed in choosing an ethical alternative and in the experience itself. Consequently, ethical tourism is regarded as a superior quality experience and a more meaningful consumption encounter. Second, this thesis contributes to the experiential perspective of consumer behaviour, by providing a greater understanding of the concept of emotion in an ethical consumption context. It identifies the central role of emotion prior to, during, and after decision-making in an ethical context. In addition, it demonstrates the motivational and influential role positive emotion has in promoting ethical behaviour, and the reinforcing role negative emotion has in discouraging unethical behaviour. Third, the thesis highlights the significance of pride as a consumption emotion, due to its impact on both a personal and an emotional level, and its ability to influence the individual's ethical decision-making processes. Finally, as a research context, the practical implications of this thesis are evident in their ability to influence marketing strategies employed in the tourism industry and their role in inform policy-makers is illustrated. Implications for future research are also considered.
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Lewis, Jovan Scott. "Sufferer's market : sufferation and economic ethics in Jamaica." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3497/.
Full textAbstract:
In Jamaica the economic environment is characterized by abiding foreign dependence, stagnant growth, and deficient development. This thesis, based on fifteen months of fieldwork in Montego Bay is concerned with the everyday understanding and management of Jamaica's adverse economy. This is explored through an ethnographic analysis of economic practice among five groups variously involved in Montego Bay's tourist sector. These groups include Sindhi merchants, local craft vendors, an artisan cooperative, a Rastafarian tour village, and local lottery scammers. Their dynamic case studies illustrate a diverse set of responses to the constricted political, economic, and social structures of the Jamaican economy, depicted as one of comprehensive and inescapable precariousness, or as a state of sufferation. This thesis examines these groups' everyday strategies and ethics of survival in sufferation, which include articulations of market failure, production, commercial skill, cultural property, and capital seizure. From these strategies emerges an understanding of how notions of history, citizenship, race, and cooperation structure the formation of economic practice, and bear upon constructions of the market.