Dissertations / Theses: 'Ethical finance'

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Kreander, Niklas. "The performance and rationale of European ethical funds : an ethical perspective." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2860/.

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This dissertation examines whether ethical investment funds are good investments in comparison with other stock market investments for individual investors. Firstly, the financial performance of ethical funds was analysed using traditional risk adjusted performance measures. Performance was first compared with market benchmarks and then in comparison with other funds using a 'matched pair' approach (Luther, Matatko and Corner 1992; Mallin, Saadouni and Briston, 1995; Gregory, Matatko and Luther, 1997). This analysis indicated that the financial performance of ethical funds was not significantly different from market benchmarks and other funds. It was therefore concluded that ethical funds were good investments financially. A second empirical study used field research to examine the policies and processes of ethical funds. Two complementary strategies for dealing with ethical issues were identified; screening and engagement. Screening involves the use of exclusionary and/or positive ethical criteria in the stock selection process. This study indicated that ethical funds had a number of processes in place to address ethical issues. These processes included ethical screening; ethical advisory committees; specialist ethical researchers and use of other organisations. In terms of the policies and processes employed by ethical funds they were "good" investments compared to other funds. This confirms previous findings that ethical funds, although not a "panacea" were an improvement over other funds and that some ethical funds engaged with firms on ethical issues (Cowton, 1999; Mills, 2000; Friedman and Miles, 2001). Finally, ethical history and Church perspectives are employed in a tentative analysis of whether ethical funds are good investments ethically (Mackenzie, 1997). This preliminary analysis made it clear that some ethical funds would not be good investments in a moral sense for certain investors.

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Li, Yan. "The effects of business ethics course on students' ethical attitudes." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1677039.

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Cronin, John Daniel. "From ethical investment to investment ethics: Towards a normative theory of investment ethics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15979/1/John_Cronin_Thesis.pdf.

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This study explores the contemporary practice of Ethical and Socially Responsible Investment and concludes that it is based on an ad hoc construct of empirically derived principles, driven mainly by the commercial self-interest of large financial institutions and fund managers. It explores the relationship between investment and morality, to posit a background theory of investment ethics. The study then proposes a move away from the narrow focus of ethical investment to a broader concern for investment ethics. The study introduces the discipline of investment ethics and examines the criteria that form the basis of morality in investment decisions. The resultant theory is intended to be of practical significance in the business and investment domains and to assist potential investors to evaluate investment opportunities in the context of a consistent set of substantive normative ethical principles.

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Cronin, John Daniel. "From ethical investment to investment ethics: Towards a normative theory of investment ethics." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15979/.

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This study explores the contemporary practice of Ethical and Socially Responsible Investment and concludes that it is based on an ad hoc construct of empirically derived principles, driven mainly by the commercial self-interest of large financial institutions and fund managers. It explores the relationship between investment and morality, to posit a background theory of investment ethics. The study then proposes a move away from the narrow focus of ethical investment to a broader concern for investment ethics. The study introduces the discipline of investment ethics and examines the criteria that form the basis of morality in investment decisions. The resultant theory is intended to be of practical significance in the business and investment domains and to assist potential investors to evaluate investment opportunities in the context of a consistent set of substantive normative ethical principles.

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Fichter, Rachel Danielle. "Do the Right Thing! Exploring Ethical Decision-Making in Financial Institutions." Thesis, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276976.

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The purpose of this study on employee ethical decision-making (EDM) in financial institutions was to explore how bankers experience tension between a firm’s formal ethical standards and those that are actually practiced, as they make decisions about issues that arise in their daily work. Interviews with 13 bankers explored three main questions: (a) how they approach challenging business decisions that have ethical implications; (b) what factors they take into consideration as part of the decision-making process, especially where existing laws and guidelines are inadequate; and (c) what learning processes they engage in that underpin their decision making.

This qualitative inquiry utilized a single-case study method with a common rationale to provide insights into the ethical decision making across the financial industry. Three data collection methods were used: (a) a pre-interview questionnaire, (b) in-depth interviews using a critical incident technique, and (c) a review of publicly available industry documents. Four key findings emerged: 1. Bankers experienced significant tension between the espoused theories and theories-in-use of their organizations. 2. The majority of bankers endeavored to preserve their integrity and find meaning in their careers while accepting the tensions they experienced and even defending the industry. 3. Six factors impacted informal and incidental learning processes utilized by bankers for ethical decision making 4. All bankers engaged in at least one of three levels of reflection as part of their decision-making process.

Deeper insights into the data were revealed through a cross-interview analysis, and three analytical categories were used to further synthesize and interpret the data: (a) lack of fit between individual and organization priorities; (b) time horizon as a determinant of ethical decision making; and (c) individual, organizational, and environmental forces impacting learning.

Five conclusions were drawn from the descriptive findings and the analysis: 1. EDM in financial institutions is a complex social process. 2. Organizational strategies designed to help EDM actually prevent it. 3. Speaking up is hindered by the desire to preserve integrity. 4. Informal learning is important for EDM, but insufficient. 5. HR must have a voice as employee advocate.

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Abozeid, Hady O. T. A. "Personal variables, organisational variables and moral intensity dimensions underlying external auditors' ethical decision making : Egyptian evidence." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34648/.

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Academic and professional attention towards ethics in business in general and audit ethics in particular has grown significantly following well-documented audit failures and corporate scandals. Several empirical studies have been carried out to investigate the factors underlying such auditors’ ethics. The majority has been done in the USA and other developed countries, often using undergraduate student convenience samples. They have provided clearly mixed results and have tended to focus on only one or two stages of the ethical decision making (EDM) model devised by Rest (1986). This study sought to build and improve on the previous research by investigating the impact of a broad set of personal, organisational, and issue-specific variables on three stages of external auditors’ EDM process. Moreover, it did so in a developing country, namely Egypt, which is the largest country by population in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. This study hypothesised that personal variables (gender, age, educational level, position level, work experience, certification status, professional commitment, and personal moral philosophy), organisational variables (code of ethics, firms size, ethical climate types), and moral intensity dimensions are significantly related to the different stages of external auditors’ EDM process. Using a relatively large sample, data was collected via a questionnaire which include four context-based external audit ethics scenarios. An adapted Arabic version of the questionnaire translated using translation-back translation technique was administered to Egyptian participants and usable responses were received from 393 external auditors working for 19 international audit firms in Egypt. For each scenario, the EDM process was examined in terms of the recognition, judgment and intention stages of Rest’s model. While moral intensity was originally conceptualised as a six-dimensional construct, factor analysis revealed only two dimensions, which were named ‘perceived social pressure’ and ‘actual harm’. Results show that these two dimensions, particularly social pressure, are the strongest predictors of auditors’ three stages of EDM. Ethical climate types and personal moral philosophy also showed some significant results. Significant and positive results were also found regarding firm size, work experience, position level, and certification status. However, findings revealed that age, educational level, code of ethics, and professional commitment have very limited impact on auditors’ EDM stages. Interestingly, when gender differences were found, male auditors exhibited more ethical choices than females. Findings reinforces the need to give more attention to auditors’ socialisation and training, as well as the importance of continuing professional education to enhance auditors’ EDM abilities. Egyptian audit firms should also pay more attention to their organisational ethical infrastructure and maintain an organisational consensus regarding unethical acts. Using alternative methodologies and inclusion of the ethical behaviour stage in future studies, may aid future research in complementing these results, thus provide an enhanced understanding of auditors’ ethical decisions. At the very least, future studies should study all the first three stages, as in this research, rather than focusing on only one or two stages. Additionally, cross-cultural audit ethics studies represent a fruitful avenue for future research. The questionnaire used in this study could be used, with minimal adaptations, in other countries.

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Khan, Fatima. "Exploring heterogeneity among socially responsible investors : a critical analysis of an ethical building society's investors in the UK." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97765/.

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Socially responsible investment (SRI) has seen a massive growth in the last 10 to 15 years. Much of the literature on SRI is a result of research which has examined SR-investors as a homogeneous group of truly socially responsible investors. However, recent studies have started acknowledging the significance of two motivational criteria that an individual looks at when selecting SRI: these being financial return and social return aspects of SRI. Both these return aspects together determine an individual’s selection of socially responsible investment. Additionally, the balance an investor acquires between these two motives vary from person to person. Thus, suggesting heterogeneity among SR-investors in terms of the importance they place on the two return aspects of SRI. The aim of this study is to empirically explore heterogeneity among SR-investors in terms of the importance they place on both financial and social returns when selecting SRI. Analysis of survey data, (N=298) obtained from investors of Ecology Building Society, showed that SR-investors could be sub-grouped into three unique segments on the basis of the importance these segments hold for the financial and the social return aspects of SRI. These groups are: financial-return driven investors, social-return driven investors and dual-return driven investors. One-way ANOVA, post- hoc tests, discriminant analysis, chi2 tests and regression analysis were employed to rigorously validate this typology of investors. Pro-social attitude, perceived consumer effectiveness, trust, value orientations, age, education, income and gender were used as external variables for the validation of the typology/segments of SR investors. The three groups in the typology exhibit different psychographic and demographic profiles according to the specific combination of financial and social return that they exhibit. Also, the values motivating SRI-attitude of each cluster vary, thus highlighting the uniqueness of each cluster. These findings bring new understanding of investors in the 21st century, thus adding to the existing knowledge of investment behaviour and marketing. Marketers can benefit from the findings of this study as they can develop strategies for each segment so as to cater to their specific needs. Policy-makers striving to attain sustainability can benefit from this knowledge as they can determine which values to promote so as to sway people to invest in a sustainable way.

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Slimani, Zakaria. "La mise en place d'un modèle d'évaluation des actifs financiers dans le paradigme de finance islamique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG018.

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L'investisseur islamique diffère de son homologue de type homoeconomicus, dans son approche de l'acte d'investissement. Le premier ne se base pas exclusivement, sur un critère financier pour hiérarchiser ses choix d'investissements, mais utilise aussi un critère moral et éthique afin d'évaluer l'efficacité de ses allocations financières. Ce comportement s'explique par le fait que réaliser des actes d'investissements compatibles avec l'éthique économique islamique génère un plaisir de piété chez cet investisseur. La théorie financière néo-classique ignore l'existence du plaisir de piété et son éventuel impact sur le processus de choix des investissements. Aussi, la théorie du portefeuille et son corollaire, la théorie du MEDAF, ne prennent pas en compte toutes les préférences de l'investisseur islamique. Ce dernier ne peut donc pas les utiliser pour évaluer l'efficacité de ses choix d'investissements. Afin de pallier à cette insuffisance théorique, nous proposons, à travers notre travail de recherche, de développer un modèle d'évaluation des actifs financiers, qui tient compte des spécificités de l'investissement islamique, à l'image de la réalisation des ventes à découvert, formellement interdites, ainsi que la prise en compte des aspects éthiques et moraux des portefeuilles d'investissements. Ce modèle doit permettre à l'homo-islamicus de réaliser une allocation optimale de ses ressources financières. Les principaux résultats de notre recherche montrent qu'à la différence de l'investissement socialement responsable conventionnel, l'investissement islamique est de type éthique et altruiste. Cette spécificité impose aux agences de notation Charia, de prendre en compte les niveaux de dons charitables que réalise chaque entreprise, lors du calcul de sa note éthique. Nous développons par conséquent, un modèle de notation des entreprises et des portefeuilles d'investissements qui prend en compte cette spécificité de l'investissement islamique. Par la suite, nous proposons des choix qui permettent aux investisseurs islamiques de contourner l'interdiction de réaliser des opérations de ventes à découvert conventionnelles et un modèle d'évaluation des actifs financiers islamiques
The Islamic investor differs from its counterpart type, the homo-economicus, in its approach to the act of investment. Indeed, the first is not based solely on financial criteria to prioritize its investment choices, but also uses moral and ethical criteria to assess the effectiveness of its financial allocations. This particular behavior is explained by the fact that, performing acts of investments consistent with Islamic business ethics generates a pleasure of piety to this type of investor. The neo-classical financial theory ignores the existence of the pleasure of piety and its potential impact on the process of selecting investments. Also, portfolio theory and its corollary, the theory of CAPM do not take into account the preferences of the Islamic investor. Therefore, it is not able to use them to assess the effectiveness of its investment choices. To overcome this theoretical failure, we offer through our research, a model of asset pricing that takes into account the specificities of Islamic investment, for example, the inability to achieve a short selling and taking into account ethical and moral aspects of investment portfolios. This model should allow the homo-islamicus to achieve optimal allocation of its financial resources. The main results of our research show that unlike conventional socially responsible investment, Islamic investment is ethical and altruistic types. This specificity requires Islamic rating agencies, to take into account the levels of charitable giving that makes every business, when calculating its ethical note. We therefore develop a rating model for companies and investment portfolios that takes into consideration the specificity of Islamic investment. Subsequently, we propose two alternatives that enable Islamic investors to circumvent the prohibition to perform conventional short selling transactions. Finally, we build our Islamic assets pricing model

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Desai, Renu V. "FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCING: THREE STUDIES RELATED TO THE ETHICAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCING." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2174.

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This dissertation evaluates the economic and ethical considerations underlying the outsourcing of professional services such as finance and accounting. The dissertation is comprised of three separate, but related studies. The first study explores the adequacy of the disclosure rules recommended in the revised ethics rulings regarding disclosure of outsourcing relationships and the resulting ethical and economic repercussions for both, the AICPA members and their clients. The second study analyzes the disclosure rules recommended in the AICPA ethics rulings regarding disclosure of outsourcing relationships from an ethical standpoint. The third study adopts the perspective of the third party service provider. The third study analyzes the factors that provide a competitive advantage to leading service providers in accounting outsourcing markets in India. Taken together, these studies address issues that have not been addressed previously in accounting literature and will advance our understanding of a fast-growing phenomenon, the outsourcing of accounting services. Finance and accounting outsourcing may strongly influence the choice of future organizational form and structure thus making it important to develop an early understanding of this industry.
Ph.D.
Kenneth G. Dixon School of Accounting
Business Administration
Business Administration PhD

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Vargas, Preciado Lucely. "Sustainable finance and social responsibility: a new paradigm." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3110.

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2007/2008
With the globalization Businesses are getting a lot of power and they are more influence companies in the society than before. Business malpractices have the potential to inflict enormous harm on individual, communities, and the environment; the demands from all stakeholders to be a business to behave ethically greatly have been increased at this time. Moreover, ethical infractions and abuses of power are presented in business and affect the corporations reputation and as well as societies. There are needs to be a call for responsible and sustainable corporate behaviour. This corporate behaviour can create a competitive advantage and will generate value, social and economical value. This thesis will be presented such an alternative approach. This thesis presents an approach of the new paradigm. It is an integration of the 3 dimensions: ethical, corporate social responsibility and sustainability that generate social and economical value. The social value is for present and future generations: when corporations are helping development communities, poverty reductions, increased standards of life and education, increasing the work conditions and possibilities of employ’s companies, communities and other stakeholders. Economical value has many benefits to a corporation such as: decrease reputation risk; access the competitions of financial market, fidelity with customers and employees, increase firm’s reputations, reductions of cost and others. This research will try to answer some questions such as: what is the business of business and what is its social responsibility? How this responsibility is applied in the field of finance? How this corporate social responsibility is measured? And does this CSR affects the share price value of a company? The methodology used is a review of literature about Business ethics, CSR, SRI, ethical rating, sustainable reports, model market, and events studies. A case study of the Italian Insurance Company: Generali Group is presented. In this case study, it will be analyzed: (1) The Generali ethical, CSR and sustainable compromise – The integration of these three dimensions- and (2) how this information on CSR affects Generali Insurance’s share price value. In order to measure the effects of the three dimensions –ethical/CSR/sustainable in share price, it is conducted an event study, which measure change in share prices based on the announcement of events. In that way, it is possible to determine if share prices that reflect firm’s financial performance are affected by public information of ethical, environmental, social and economical performance. Particularly, it will be measured the effect of Ethical/CSR/sustainable events of the Generali Group Insurance group in its share prices. Moreover, for this reach, it was consulted available information on the web side and sustainable reports regarding to Generali Group ethical/CSR/sustainable compromise. Additionally some informal meetings were taken place with, the Director of Sustainable Department in Generali Insurance Company in Trieste, Marina Donnato in order to clarify several issues The conclusion of this research is that the business of business is to be ethically, CSR and sustainable. It can be extrapolated to sustainable finance; in this way business will generate social value and economically value. The economical value is a consequence of the social value generation. In the long term, social and economically value will converge. Moreover, in the finance field this integration of ethical, CSR and sustainable is necessary: for instance Social responsible investments (SRI) and social finance - micro credits focus on satisfactions of stakeholders. Other conclusion is that Generali is an Insurance company with high standards in ethical, Corporate Social responsibility and sustainability and big social concerns. It is very difficult to generalize about the relationship between CSR and profitability. Ethical/CSR/sustainable is consistently with the long term maximization shareholder value because for a company acting CSR represents a significant value for investors, company can be perceived as an ethical, CSR, sustainable. It perceptions affects positively his reputation more in the lung term. In the short time it is less impacted. The analysis using events studies methods and model market showed that ethical/CSR/sustainable news about Generali Events that not generate very significant abnormal returns different from zero. However some of these were positive. It could be interpreted as the market is responding positively to the news of ethical/CSR/suitable issues. But also it could be that investors are not very well informed about ethical/CSR/Sustainability and in SRI. However the ethical/CSR/sustainable compromise generates more value in the run term because of company reputation, and other benefits as employee and customer’s fidelity. Other conclusion is a way to measure CSR is using ethical rating. This document present an introductory part, Chapter 1. Chapter 2 gives a framework of the ethical issues of corporation’s operations and covers the following topics: MNCs Business ethics and Social responsibility, business ethics, mainly the debates made by Hoffman, which is related to ethical dimensions of the making decisions in a framework of business operation’s ethics systems, The topic of corporations operating in third world countries general overview, and General Standards of Behavior -Code of Principles and MNCs. It is important to clarify that the values and principles in Corporation, Medium, and small enterprises, the ethical principles, values and ethics are referring to same aspects, (human rights, environmental, social, economical aspects). But in this research only the ethical approach for Corporations will be considered. Chapter 3 presents the analysis about: what does it mean corporate social responsibility (CSR)? what is the responsibility of the business?, For this scope, the chapter covers the following aspects such as: The meaning of corporate social responsibility, the concept of CSR based on the definition of the space between the law and social expectation, the expectation of stakeholders and incorporating of identity in the sustainability strategy CSR, the evolution of the concept, the traditional ideology and modern ideology of CSR and why the concept is changing, corporate social responsibility benefits, corporate social responsibility international perspective. In Chapter 4, it is analyzed the following issues: why the finance a new paradigm is necessary, what ethical finance it about, based on concepts such as CSR/SRI and ethical sustainable finance focus in two levels: Macro level and Micro level. The Macro level is focus to the topic of (1) Social Responsible Investments -definitions, growing, background, some trends and so on- Sustainability. Other areas and instruments of ethical finance in a macro level are presented such as: (2) Ethics /CSR and financial sectors, Sustainable index (stock exchanges), (3) Cleantech Venture capital, (4) Financial services, (5) Institutional investors, (6) International institution will be analized. The Micro level make reference to the (7) Social Finance and (8) micro credit issues: In chapter 5, It is analyzed how social responsibility is measured and monitored. In addition, some other topic such as: CSR and ethics rating agencies, ethics rating methodologies, rating agencies in practicing are discussed. Chapter 6, It is discussed how the Generali insurance company presents his CSR/ sustainable compromises. This chapter defines the event to measure the CSR impact on the company value (share value in the short time). Some aspects of Generali Code ethics, values, strategy, CSR initiative (information included in CSR reports and websites) are analyzed. In Chapter 7, an analysis is carried out to verify if the share prices that reflect firm’s financial performance are affected by public information of environmental, social and economical performance. In order to measure the effects of CSR on share price, an event study is carried out which measures changes in share prices based on the announcement of events. Particularly, it will be measure the effect of CSR’s events of the Generali Group Insurance group in its share prices. Finally, conclusions, suggestion- recommendations and issues of further research are discussed.
XXI Ciclo
1968

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Oner, Gizem. "The Perception of Sustainability in Finance Education from Faculty-Member Perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388294.

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This qualitative research aims to explore what different faculty-member at different Swedish and British Universities think about the role of sustainability in the finance industry and education. The investigation is mainly focused on education part of finance. Majority of participants are actively involved in determining the course contents that they teach which influence the teaching environment for students and how they are prepared for their future career. As a whole, this thesis sheds a light on how faculty-members are involved in integrating sustainability in their teaching to be able to influence finance students. In order to justify the need for sustainability emphasis in the academic finance and the finance industry, relevant examples and explanations have been provided to support the idea. One of main highlights of this thesis is that personal values and ethics are the determinants of the understanding of the concept of sustainability. Hence, it has been observed that there is a lack of sustainability understanding and integration in the finance education system as well as a lack of emphasis on personal ethics in universities that are subject to this research.

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Nitsche, Svenja. "Creating an Ethical Organizational Environment in Banking." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3625.

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An ethical organizational environment ensures a trustworthy organization. This case study explored strategies that banking managers in the United Arab Emirates used to create an ethical organizational environment, one that emphasized the inclusion of ethical values, moral principles, and commitment to society. The target population included senior managers who created and implemented strategies to ensure employees adopted the ethical values in pursuit of an ethical environment. Ethical climate theory provided the conceptual framework for this study. Interviews with 5 managers and company documentation contributed the data for this research. Data were analyzed following inductive investigation and case description. Connecting corporate values with measurable indicators emerged as the most prominent strategy among these 5 managers. Translating soft value statements into hard performance factors allowed for the creation of an ethical environment that signaled consistent messages about appropriate behavior. Employee engagement was another prominent finding. Providing opportunities for informal interaction allowed employees to establish relationships and facilitated cross-functional collaboration. Other important strategies were related to maintaining transparency and leadership role-modeling. Implications for positive social change include the potential to regain trust in banking by providing banking managers with a guideline to create an ethical organizational environment.

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Weltzien, Espen Hultgreen, and Sohail Badami. "Är etiska aktiefonder lika lönsamma som traditionella aktiefonder? : En studie som jämför riskjusterad avkastning mellan svenska etiska aktiefonder och traditionella aktiefonder." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15303.

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Background: There has been an increase in savings and investment in recent years along with an increased interest in responsible investments. Ethical mutual funds has developed and gained increasingly popularity. Aim: The aim of the study is to examine if ethical mutual funds are an equivalent alternative to traditional mutual funds in terms of return, risk and risk-adjusted return on the Swedish stock market. Theory: Beta, Jensen's Alpha, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Modern Portfolio Theory. Method: Quantitative survey method, a statistical study. Conclusion:The study concludes that there is no significant difference between ethical and conventional mutual funds in terms of return, risk and risk-adjusted return. The small differences that exist between the two fund groups are in favor of the ethical fund group, indicating that funds is a comparable investment option compared to traditional mutual funds.

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Abduni, Leila Mohamad. "The emergence of Islamic finance: an exploratory study of Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/23913.

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Islamic finance has been a trendy topic globally, gaining the attention of Muslims and non-Muslims. It stands for a financial system that follows the sharia (Islamic law), which is guided by ethical principles and social justice. The main prohibition usually linked to Islamic finance is of interest, but there is much more to it. It offers a portfolio of products and services which compete with the ones present in the conventional system, however these preserve the Islamic principles. Despite the global reach, Islamic finance did not set foot in Brazil or Latin America overall as it did in Europe and Asia especially. Therefore, this paper tries do unveil what’s behind this financial system and try to find ways to make it’s introduction in Brazil possible. In order to reach this, a qualitative research guided by the presentation of countries that have introduced Islamic finance, and interviews conducted with main players in Brazil linked to Islamic finance. The results of the research reflected partially the perspective of the academia, the expert, the Brazilian market and the Islamic finance industry, given that each interviewee represented one or more of these categories. This was completed with the overall conclusions drawn from the case studies presented, taking the main lessons form their experience. A coding system was developed to filter and organize the results. In terms of the opportunities Islamic finance has in Brazil, what stands out the most is the strong relation between Brazil and the Arab countries (adopters of Islamic finance), especially in exports, which represent situations in which Islamic finance could be adopted to intermediate the financing. The obstacles preventing this from happening are many, and are mainly linked to the unfamiliarity of the subject in the market and the delicate environment Brazil finds itself in, which is not favorable for new projects or investments. The Islamic finance procedures themselves are complicated and difficult, which makes the introduction process more complex. Given all that, there are many measures that can be taken already in order to incentive the introduction of Islamic finance in Brazil or even conduct some isolated Islamic finance operations. Murabahah is an example of a cost plus contract that can be used by exporters to sell their commodity abroad and sukuk is an alternative method for raising money with certificates backed by assets. These two operations can be adopted by Brazilian companies, however need to be conducted abroad due to regulatory complications. For the long term, having experts and professionals interested in Islamic finance ‘spreading the word’ and digging deeper into the subject in their workplace will open opportunities for the companies they work for and be an incentive for future adoption of Islamic finance by others. Entities also working towards the promotion of the halal (sharia-compliant) industries, which can be considered a fuel for Islamic finance, and tightening the relations between Brazil and the Arab countries, will help close the gap and familiarize both sides with the opportunities available.
As finanças islâmicas têm sido um tema recorrente a nível mundial, chamando a atenção dos muçulmanos e não-muçulmanos. Defende um sistema financeiro que segue a sharia (lei islâmica), que é orientada por princípios éticos e justiça social. A principal proibição geralmente ligada às finanças islâmicas é a dos juros, mas há muito mais para isso. Oferece um portfólio de produtos e serviços que competem com os existentes no sistema convencional, no entanto estes preservam os princípios islâmicos. Apesar do alcance global, as finanças islâmicas não entrar no Brasil nem na América Latina como aconteceu na Europa e na Ásia especialmente. Portanto, este artigo tenta revelar o que está por trás desse sistema financeiro e tentar encontrar maneiras de tornar possível a sua introdução no Brasil. Para alcançar isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa orientada pelo estudo de países que introduziram as finanças islâmicas, e entrevistas feitas com os principais atores do Brasil ligados às finanças islâmicas. Os resultados da pesquisa refletiram parcialmente a perspectiva da academia, do ‘expert’ do mercado brasileiro e do setor financeiro islâmico, dado que cada entrevistado representava uma ou mais dessas categorias. Isso foi aprimorado com a junção das conclusões gerais extraídas dos estudos de caso apresentados, tirando as principais lições de suas experiências. Um sistema de codificação foi desenvolvido para filtrar e organizar os resultados. Em termos de oportunidades que as finanças islâmicas têm no Brasil, o que mais se destaca é a forte relação entre o Brasil e os países árabes (praticantes das finanças islâmicas), especialmente nas exportações, que representam situações em que as finanças islâmicas poderiam ser adotadas para intermediar no financiamento. Os obstáculos que impedem que isso aconteça são muitos e estão principalmente ligados à falta de familiaridade com o assunto no mercado e ao ambiente delicado que o Brasil se encontra, o que não é favorável a novos projetos ou investimentos. Os próprios procedimentos das finanças islâmicas são complicados e difíceis, o que torna o processo de introdução mais complexo. Diante disso, há muitas medidas que podem ser tomadas já para incentivar a introdução das finanças islâmicas no Brasil ou mesmo realizar algumas operações financeiras islâmicas isoladas. Murabahah é um exemplo de um contrato de ‘cost plus’ que pode ser usado pelos exportadores para vender suas commodities no exterior e o sukuk é um método alternativo para arrecadar dinheiro com certificados respaldados por ativos. Essas duas operações podem ser adotadas por empresas brasileiras, porém precisam ser conduzidas no exterior devido à complicações regulatórias. Para o longo prazo, ter especialistas e profissionais interessados nas finanças islâmicas, compartilhando seus conhecimentos sobre assunto e explorando mais profundamente o assunto em seu local de trabalho abrirá oportunidades para as empresas para as quais trabalham e será um incentivo para a futura adoção das finanças islâmicas por parte de outros. As entidades que também trabalham para a promoção das indústrias halal (compatíveis com a sharia) – que podem ser consideradas um combustível para as finanças islâmicas – e aprimorando as relações entre o Brasil e os países árabes, ajudarão à reduzir a lacuna e na familiarização dos dois lados com as oportunidades disponíveis.

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Groninger, Katherine R. "Museum accountability in Britain and America : ethical standards and fiscal transparency in the twenty-first century." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2593.

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This thesis examines the current state of nonprofit museum accountability in the United Kingdom and United States, assessing methods of achieving fiscal and ethical accountability, as well as the factors that have influenced museum codes and policies to that end. The recent development of museum accountability is couched in corporate culture, government influence, and public expectations, making it an interdisciplinary concern. Yet museum professionalisation, including codes of ethics, conflict of interest management, and agreed-upon standards, has received little attention from researchers. This study engages in empirical research to assess museums’ responses to recent regulations, their execution of governance accountability, and the application of internal controls and fiscal transparency measures. These subjects appraise ethical governance and board member duties, in addition to audit practices and best practice policies. Research reveals inadequacies in the museum accountability systems in both Britain and America. As case studies serve to demonstrate, opportunities remain for financial and ethical misconduct, which can damage the public trust in museums. This thesis is the first broad empirical study to explain museum accountability in Britain or America, collating data across the entire museum sector, creating an industry-wide national framework from the quantitative and qualitative findings. No research has reported on the implementation of best practice measures according to the private, public and third sectors, stakeholders, and by the museum industry itself. Ultimately, this thesis provides unique evidence previously lacking in both the UK and US museum sectors, making it possible to posit and assess specific museums against an accurate national accountability framework.

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Khoshroo, Sajjad. "Islamic finance : the convergence of faith, capital, and power." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ab321e8-0d54-40d6-a1ef-3a37a0a5ffe6.

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This dissertation assesses how Islamic finance fares as an example of 'civil compromise' in Islamic law. By focusing on the Islamic project finance sector, my research examines how the industry's main stakeholders (representing faith, capital, and power) cooperate and compete to bring about this compromise through the 'Game of Islamic Bank Bargains'. The Islamic finance industry is a work in progress, and while it has made some significant strides, it is still a niche in the global conventional financial order rather than an alternative to it. It has fallen short of fulfilling its originally-stated social justice aspirations, but has provided a previously unavailable form of banking and finance for Muslims to transact, at least formalistically, in accordance with widely-believed tenets of their faith. Thus, those who hold up Islamic finance as a universal panacea or dismiss it outright as a fraud have both got it wrong. It is neither. It is, rather, a complex myriad of incentives and aspirations of a multitude of stakeholders muddled together across numerous geographies and evolving incrementally and constantly. The state of the industry is the result of how the stakeholders (the shariah scholars, lawyers, bankers, government officials, and customers) have pursued their self-interest in the Game of Islamic Bank Bargains. My research examines who are the 'winners' and 'losers' of this game, and what religious, commercial, and political factors have influenced this outcome. I assess what may incentivise the incumbent 'winners' to guide the Islamic finance industry away from a formal and legalistic approach towards one that also incorporates principles from Islamic economics. I explore how the 'losers' - whose interests are not accounted for due to their lack of sufficient financial and political clout - can sway the outcome of the game in their favour.

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Erragraguy, Elias. "L'éthique en finance : le cas de l'investissement socialement responsable et de l'investissement islamique." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2001/document.

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L’instabilité et le manque de régulation à l’origine des crises financières devenues cycliques ont été des facteurs propices à un questionnement sur l’éthique de la finance. Cette thèse se propose dans un premier temps de s’interroger sur l’épistémologie de la « science financière » et ses attributs normatifs. Cette interrogation nous a permis de mettre en avant les imbrications logiques qu’il existait entre démarche positiviste et posture normative avant de proposer une cartographie du référentiel éthique qui façonne le discours financier. Ce travail théorique a préfiguré les questionnements empiriques développés, dans le second volet de cette thèse, autour de la confrontation de deux référentiels éthiques et financiers distincts : l’Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR) et de l’Investissement shariah¬-compatible (ISC). Nos travaux identifient leurs éléments de différenciation et les passerelles possibles entre ces deux déclinaisons de la finance éthique. Dans la première étude, après avoir pris en compte le profil stochastique de 24 indices domestiques, nous mesurons et identifions l’origine de leur performance respective. Les résultats confirment la meilleure résilience des indices ISC durant la crise des subprimes tout en soulignant l’influence du niveau de développement et d’intégration des marchés boursiers. La seconde étude empirique explore le lien de causalité entre les critères ISR et ISC en investiguant la relation entre la performance sociale d’une entreprise (PSE) et sa structure financière. Les résultats obtenus à partir d’un échantillon de 1745 entreprises américaines indiquent que seules les petites entreprises controversées (non-engagées dans une démarche RSE) ont plus systématiquement recours au financement par dette et sont donc plus susceptibles d’être exclues des portefeuilles ISC. La dernière étude mesure, à travers une démarche expérimentale, l’impact financier de la combinaison des critères ISR et ISC. Contrairement aux prédictions suggérées par la théorie du portefeuille, les résultats n'indiquent aucun effet négatif sur la performance dû à l'application conjointe de filtres islamiques et ESG
The instability and lack of regulation that originated the cyclical financial crises were factors conducive to questioning the ethics of finance. This thesis proposes first to question the epistemology of "Financial science" and its normative attributes. This question allows us to highlight the logical interconnections that exist between positivist and normative approaches before proposing a mapping of ethical reference shaping financial decisions. This theoretical work prefigures the empirical questions developed in the second part of the thesis. In this part, we confront two distinct ethical and financial practices: Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) and Shariah-Compliant Investment (SCI). Our studies identify their distinguishing features and the possible links between them. In the first study, after taking into account the stochastic profile of 24 domestic indexes we measure and identify the origin of their respective performance. The results confirm the resilience of SCI indexes during the subprimes crisis, while emphasizing the influence of the level of development and integration of stock markets. The second empirical study explores the causal link between the SCI and SRI criteria by investigating the relationship between Companies Social Performance (CSP) and its debt structure. The results obtained from a sample of 1,745 US companies indicate that only small and strictly controversial firms (not engaged in any CSR policy) have a significant higher leverage, therefore suggesting that these firms are more likely to be excluded from SCI portfolios. The last study measures, through an experimental approach, the financial impact of the combination of SRI and SCI criteria. Contrary to predictions suggested by modern portfolio theory, the results indicate no negative effect on performance due to the joint application of Islamic and ESG filters

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Erragraguy, Elias. "L'éthique en finance : le cas de l'investissement socialement responsable et de l'investissement islamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/eco_gestion/2015/2015_Erragraguy.pdf.

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L’instabilité et le manque de régulation à l’origine des crises financières devenues cycliques ont été des facteurs propices à un questionnement sur l’éthique de la finance. Cette thèse se propose dans un premier temps de s’interroger sur l’épistémologie de la « science financière » et ses attributs normatifs. Cette interrogation nous a permis de mettre en avant les imbrications logiques qu’il existait entre démarche positiviste et posture normative avant de proposer une cartographie du référentiel éthique qui façonne le discours financier. Ce travail théorique a préfiguré les questionnements empiriques développés, dans le second volet de cette thèse, autour de la confrontation de deux référentiels éthiques et financiers distincts : l’Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR) et de l’Investissement shariah¬-compatible (ISC). Nos travaux identifient leurs éléments de différenciation et les passerelles possibles entre ces deux déclinaisons de la finance éthique. Dans la première étude, après avoir pris en compte le profil stochastique de 24 indices domestiques, nous mesurons et identifions l’origine de leur performance respective. Les résultats confirment la meilleure résilience des indices ISC durant la crise des subprimes tout en soulignant l’influence du niveau de développement et d’intégration des marchés boursiers. La seconde étude empirique explore le lien de causalité entre les critères ISR et ISC en investiguant la relation entre la performance sociale d’une entreprise (PSE) et sa structure financière. Les résultats obtenus à partir d’un échantillon de 1745 entreprises américaines indiquent que seules les petites entreprises controversées (non-engagées dans une démarche RSE) ont plus systématiquement recours au financement par dette et sont donc plus susceptibles d’être exclues des portefeuilles ISC. La dernière étude mesure, à travers une démarche expérimentale, l’impact financier de la combinaison des critères ISR et ISC. Contrairement aux prédictions suggérées par la théorie du portefeuille, les résultats n'indiquent aucun effet négatif sur la performance dû à l'application conjointe de filtres islamiques et ESG
The instability and lack of regulation that originated the cyclical financial crises were factors conducive to questioning the ethics of finance. This thesis proposes first to question the epistemology of "Financial science" and its normative attributes. This question allows us to highlight the logical interconnections that exist between positivist and normative approaches before proposing a mapping of ethical reference shaping financial decisions. This theoretical work prefigures the empirical questions developed in the second part of the thesis. In this part, we confront two distinct ethical and financial practices: Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) and Shariah-Compliant Investment (SCI). Our studies identify their distinguishing features and the possible links between them. In the first study, after taking into account the stochastic profile of 24 domestic indexes we measure and identify the origin of their respective performance. The results confirm the resilience of SCI indexes during the subprimes crisis, while emphasizing the influence of the level of development and integration of stock markets. The second empirical study explores the causal link between the SCI and SRI criteria by investigating the relationship between Companies Social Performance (CSP) and its debt structure. The results obtained from a sample of 1,745 US companies indicate that only small and strictly controversial firms (not engaged in any CSR policy) have a significant higher leverage, therefore suggesting that these firms are more likely to be excluded from SCI portfolios. The last study measures, through an experimental approach, the financial impact of the combination of SRI and SCI criteria. Contrary to predictions suggested by modern portfolio theory, the results indicate no negative effect on performance due to the joint application of Islamic and ESG filters

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Abu-Alkheil, Ahmad [Verfasser], and Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Burghof. "Ethical banking and finance : a theoretical and empirical framework for the cross-country and inter-bank analysis of efficiency, productivity, and financial performance / Ahmad Abu-Alkheil. Betreuer: Hans-Peter Burghof." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027354092/34.

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20

Aassouli, Dalal. "L'eau, le soleil et le vent : des énergies pour le monde. Quels modes de financement "éthiques" ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN001.

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L’observation des défis économiques, sociaux et environnementaux qui préoccupent l’humanité aujourd’hui nous amène à revoir les modèles de croissance économiques adoptés, à reconnaitre leurs limites et à apporter un jugement critique sur la gouvernance de l’homme et sa manière d’exploiter le monde. La thèse cherche à démontrer comment l’épuisement des ressources naturelles et le recours aux principales énergies renouvelables, l’eau, le soleil et le vent, peuvent être utilisés pour approfondir la compréhension de la relation de l’homme vis-à-vis de l’environnement, le compromis nécessaire entre sa liberté et sa responsabilité et les principes moraux qui doivent informer sa conduite. Ces défis mettent en évidence l’urgence d’une réflexion critique sur l’activité financière aujourd’hui et sa contribution au développement réel et durable de l’économie. Ce travail propose, donc, d’explorer quelques possibilités de l’intégration contemporaine de principes « éthiques » dans les modes de financement de projets relatifs à l’utilisation de l’eau, du soleil et du vent. Nous donnons d’abord un état des lieux des modes de financement et d’investissement dits éthiques ou alternatifs. Nous considérons, en particulier, l’investissement socialement responsable, les marchés de capitaux durables, les institutions ayant pour mission l’inclusion financière, les banques multilatérales de développement et la finance participative. L’objectif est d’examiner comment des principes éthiques peuvent être intégrés dans les modes de financement modernes de projets verts et durables, c’est-à-dire comment l’expertise financière rejoint la préoccupation pour le changement climatique et les énergies renouvelables mondialement. Cette analyse démontre aussi l’intérêt croissant pour les questions de durabilité et de justice sociale, bien que sa concrétisation reste encore à questionner
The observation of the economic, social and environmental challenges facing humanity today leads us to reconsider the models of economic growth pursued, to recognise their limitations and to give a critical assessment of human governance and his way of exploiting the world’s resources. The thesis seeks to demonstrate how the depletion of natural resources and the use of the main renewable energy sources, namely water, sun and wind can be used to deepen the understanding of man's relationship with the environment, the compromise between his freedom and responsibility and the moral principles that must govern his conduct. These challenges highlight the urgency of a critical thinking on the financial activity today and its contribution to the real and sustainable development of the economy. Thus, this work proposes to explore few examples of the contemporary integration of "ethical" principles in the financing modes of projects related to the use of water, sun and wind. We first give an assessment of the modes of financing and investment called ethical or alternative. We consider, in particular, socially responsible investing, sustainable capital markets, financial inclusion institutions, multilateral development banks and participatory finance. The objective is to examine how ethical principles can be integrated into the modern financing modes of green and sustainable projects, i.e. how the financial expertise integrates the concerns for climate change and renewable energies globally. This analysis also demonstrates the growing interest in issues related to sustainability and social justice, although their effective implementation can sometimes be questioned

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Mekacher, Amal. "Duplixité de la finance islamique : une expression manichéiste de l’économie capitaliste ? Etude critique et analytique." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0170.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous consacrerons à comprendre les nouveaux langages qu'adopte le monde économique dans sa machine à fabriquer la quantité. Pour cela, nous nous efforcerons, à travers une finance éthique aux principes islamiques, à déchiffrer ce qui paraît être de nouvelles expressions, traduites dans un double transfert qui s'opère entre l'esprit d'un capitalisme dont la critique est en crise, et le renouveau de l'esprit capitaliste dont les instruments sont désespérément refondés dans une moralisation, même religieuse, des actes parfois les plus immoraux. Ainsi et tout comme chez les protestants, en Islam, c'est « l'acte de commercer » qui sera mis au centre de la vocation «financière», encouragé tout en étant opposé à l'acte d'usure (ribâ dans le monde musulman), il sera le socle d'une légitimation religieuse de l'existence même d'une institution financière islamisée. Nous aurons alors à examiner, de manière plus approfondie, certains aspects de l’industrie financière islamisée, sa naissance, son organisation, ses promoteurs et ses instruments, alertés par des contradictions, des incohérences, voire même des incongruités, nous conclurons le plus souvent sur des contrastes, révélant des contextes aux politiques irrégulières, où souvent les signes d’une précarité alarmante se laissent maladroitement apprivoiser par une pseudo-modernité, parasitant une institution dépassée dans des décors incertains. Certains pays musulmans vont nous aider à entourer la question
In this thesis, we will focus on uderstanding the new langages adopted by the economic word in it quantity manufacturing machine. To this end, we will endeavour through ethical finance based on Islamic principles, to decipher what appear to be new expressions, reflected in a double transfer that takes places between the spirit of a capitalism whose criticism is in crisis, and the renewal of the capitalist spirit whose instruments are desperately recast in a moralization, even religious, of the sometimes most immoral acts. Thus, as with Protestants, in Isla, it is the « act of trading » that will be placed in the center of « financial » vocation, encouraged while being opposed to the act of usury (ribà in the Muslim world),it will be the basis for a religious legitimization of the existence of an islamized financial institution. We will then have to examine in greater depth, some aspects of the islamized financial industry, its birth, organisation, promoters and instruments, alarted by contradictions, inconsistencies, even incongruities, we will most often conclude with contrasts revealing contexts with irregular polisie, where often signs of alarming precariousness are clumsily tamed by a pseudo-moderity, parasiting an outdated institution in uncertain setting. Some Muslim countries will help us to sorround the issue

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Wardwell, Sarah Elizabeth. "A Strategic Model for INGO Accountability Systems." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/758.

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This thesis reconstructs the concept of International Non-Governmental Organization (INGO) accountability to beneficiaries through the development of a strategic model for INGO accountability to beneficiaries. It works through the history and arguments surrounding the rise of the debate around whether INGOs should be held accountable to their beneficiary populations. Unique definitions are developed for the terms and concepts related to this topic and a framework for understanding the strategic model for INGO accountability to beneficiaries is outlined: Accountable to whom? Accountable for what? Accountable how? A practical example of an internal assessment for measuring an INGO's accountability to beneficiaries is examined, analyzing data from Mercy Corps' internal accountability to beneficiaries survey conducted in 2010. This thesis defines accountability to beneficiaries as the process of justifying and being responsible for the manner and results of one's actions to any individual or group who is a member of the society whose interests the project or program is intended to promote. The main conclusions from this thesis are that the traditional model should be expanded to be more strategic and include a) a broader beneficiary and stakeholder population who may be affected, either positively or negatively, by the actions of an INGO, b) the actions of all members of the organization, and c) the enduring impacts of their work over time. Accountability to beneficiaries is a concept that can be applied to all INGO projects in a way that requires minimal resources and will ultimately improve the quality of the services delivered.

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Cummine, Angela. "A citizen's stake in Sovereign Wealth Funds : the management, investment and distribution of sovereign wealth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c3b8fa7-768e-445f-b4f1-54297dca9582.

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Over the past five years, Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) have become a prominent phenomenon in contemporary capitalism. Described as government investment vehicles that invest state wealth in financial markets, the majority of the world's 60-plus funds have been established since the year 2000. Despite extensive treatments of SWFs' geopolitical and international significance, ethical and domestic level analyses are sparse. In response, this thesis interrogates three key normative questions raised by the funds for the domestic citizen-state relationship: (1) How (and by whom) should sovereign funds be managed? (2) How should sovereign wealth be invested? (3) How should the earnings of sovereign fund investment be distributed? In answering these questions, this thesis aims to dispel ambiguity over the ownership status of sovereign funds, evident in popular and academic discourse and within communities that establish these entities. For this task, it draws on recently revived fiduciary theory of the citizen-state relationship to argue that the rightful owner of these funds is the citizenry - not states or governments who enjoy physical and legal possession of SWFs. It goes on to examine the implications of this fiduciary state conception of SWF ownership, asking how citizen-owners should enjoy control over and benefit from the distinct constituent parts of their SWF property: the institution of the fund, the underlying sovereign wealth and the financial returns earned on the investment of its assets. The model of citizen ownership defended demands substantially increased popular control over SWF management and the investment of sovereign wealth, as well as direct benefit rights for citizen-owners to fund income through individualised distribution of investment returns. Examination of existing practice among SWFs demonstrates that this normative ideal is far, although not impossibly distant from current institutional practice.

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Easter, Shirley. "Employees Expectation from Leaders' Ethics in Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6553.

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The presence of unethical behavior continues to plague the global business community, however, and its impact in the finance industry is widely thought to be having an even more devastating impact than ever before. Scholarly literature provides little understanding of what drives ethical decision making, or the processes involved and a little evidence that ethical standards have been developed as part of leadership decision making training in finance. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore the drivers and processes in the development of training that supports ethical choices that leaders make in their decision-making role within the finance industry, as well as to understand what effects those decisions have on followers and on organizational culture. The research question examined the processes and training involved in ethical decision making in the field of finance. Rawls' justice as fairness theory provided the theoretical framework. The data were collected interviewing purposefully selected 7 directors and managers in the financial industry. The data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach and the development of vignettes based on Stake. The results showed that leaders were not able to make sound ethical decisions and the need for ethical standards. When these standards and values are compromised, leadership behaviors can affect organizational culture, as they tend to decrease commitment, performance and motivation of employees, while increasing absenteeism and turnover, thus adversely affecting company operations and incurring costs. The study results can have implications for social change through developing higher standards in ethics and adequate morale training.

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Adegunle, Adesina Olufemi. "Challenges Facing Organizational Leaders: A Phenomenological Study of Nigerian Organizational Leaders." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3737.

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In the first decade of the 21st century, the number of functioning business organizations in Nigeria decreased by 45%. The high rate of business failures in Nigeria has left many questions about what is needed for creating business success. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the influence of internal and external dynamics on leaders in Nigerian microfinance organizations. Twenty leaders from microfinance institutions participated in face-to-face semistructured interviews. The data analysis process involved the use of Moustakas's modified van Kaam method, which resulted in the emergence of 12 themes. The themes that emerged included: (a) staff turnover, (b) financial fraud, (c) knowledge gap, (d) lack of real-time technology, (e) ethical behavior of leaders, (f) organizational bureaucracy, (g) foreign exchange fluctuation, (h) poor state of Nigerian economy, (i) competition from unethical practices of other organizations, (j) constant changes of government policies and poor regulatory controls, and (k) noncompliance with the Microfinance Policy and Framework by stakeholders. There was a common perception among the participants that there was a need for government intervention in providing improved infrastructure and adequate regulatory controls. The findings provide indications from participants' responses that business success is dependent upon business leaders' effectiveness in their roles and ethical practices as perceived by the followers. The study is significant in that its findings may assist businesses and government to focus on the effectiveness of leaders, increase labor relations, and increase the overall success of business which in turn improve the economy of Nigeria.

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Brodmann, Jennifer L. "Regulatory Repercussions in Finance." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2444.

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This dissertation examines the impact of regulation and public policies on firm performance. Chapter 1, entitled “Political Contributions, Insider Trading, and CEO Compensation”, determines why CEOs from politically-connected firms receive higher pay compared to their non-politically connected peers. We investigate whether insider trading can explain high CEO pay. Using hand-collected firm-level lobbying data, we examine whether politically-connected CEOs engage in insider trading after sponsored bills are introduced and passed in the U.S. legislative bodies. Our results show that politically-connected CEOs commit insider trading, which yields higher compensation packages. In addition, we also find that lobbying benefits firm performance. Politically-connected firms receive more government contracts, which increases firm value. Overall, political contributions benefit both CEOs and shareholders. Chapter 2, entitled “The Impact of Incarceration on Firm Performance” conducts analyses on the impact of incarceration on firms based in the United States. Through time series Granger Causality Vector Autoregression (VAR) tests by state, we find that incarceration can influence labor markets measured by the state’s unemployment rate. We find that firms based in states with high incarceration underperform compared to firms based in states with low incarceration. This also holds true when examining prison reform data from the Pew Charitable Trust. Through differences in differences tests, we find that firms based in states with prison reform outperform firms based in states without prison reform. When controlling for firm and state macroeconomic factors, we find that increases in incarceration rates have a negative effect on firm performance.

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Brassett, James. "Cosmopolitan ethics in global finance? : a pragmatic approach to the Tobin Tax." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4090/.

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The thesis provides a critical analysis of the problems and possibilities for developing cosmopolitan ethics in global finance. With reference to Ideas and debates within the campaign for a Tobin Tax, it is argued that cosmopolitanism is a promising, but limited, agenda for global reform. Extending principles of justice to support the re-distribution of wealth from financial markets towards an expanded program of global welfare provision is laudable. Likewise, the possibility of improving accountability mechanisms and fostering democratic inclusion in the global financial system should be supported. However, the thesis identifies and reflects upon some important ethical ambiguities relating to financial, institutional and democratic universalism. A requirement for capital account convertibility, a cash-based approach to global justice and proposals for state-centric world authority to administer the Tobin Tax infers that the proposal would entrench many of the logics its supporters might oppose. The thesis develops a pragmatic approach to these questions based on the philosophical pragmatism of Richard Rorty. A pragmatic approach acknowledges the historical and cultural contingency of cosmopolitanism, but questions how the ambiguities and tensions that pervade global ethics can be engaged. In this sense, and developing Rorty's concept of sentimental education, it is argued that the Tobin Tax campaign has generated a broad-based public conversation about global finance, increasing sensitivity to the suffering caused by global finance and the ways in which it might be changed. While such conversation may not solve all the dilemmas identified, it does allow for increased awareness of the ambiguity of ethics. The thesis points to a number of instances in the campaign where the constitutive ambiguities of the Tobin Tax have been questioned and alternative practices suggested. A pragmatic approach to the Tobin Tax campaign therefore situates cosmopolitan ideas in the extant dilemmas and indeterminacies of global ethics, looking to suggest alternatives where possible.

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Kouakou, Thiédjé Gaudens-Omer. "La finance et l'éthique dans un environnement financiarisé : le cas de la finance solidaire." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768203.

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La finance solidaire constitue un champ fécond d'analyse de la régulation de la finance par l'éthique. Toutefois, dans un environnement financiarisé, la finance solidaire court le risque de perdre son identité solidaire par un processus d'isomorphisme institutionnel. Une telle dérive est perceptible dans le cas de la microfinance dans les pays du Sud. On y repère trois modalités de microfinance selon un ordre croissant d'immersion dans la finance classique via un formatage de l'offre et de l'identité solidaire : la microfinance pré-bancaire (cas d'isomorphisme coercitif), la microfinance bancaire (cas d'isomorphisme normatif) et la microfinance comme actif financier (cas d'isomorphisme mimétique). Les différentes modalités de la microfinance sont modélisées à travers une formalisation mathématique. Cependant, cette difficulté d'articulation de la finance et de l'éthique relève moins de l'influence de l'environnement financiarisé que d'un déficit d'appropriation collective de la finance. Une telle appropriation collective, caractérisée par une initiative à partir des acteurs sociaux, une forte résilience face à l'incertitude, un fort ancrage territorial et un rôle facilitateur de l'État, se voit davantage dans la finance solidaire dans les pays du Nord.

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Meyer, Camille. "Social Finance and the Commons." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/249622.

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The commons is a concept increasingly used by practitioners and social activists with the promise of creating new collective wealth (Bollier & Helfrich, 2014; De Angelis, 2003; Hardt & Negri, 2009; Klein, 2001). In recent years, a variety of scholarly research explained the different ways of organizing commons (Van Laerhoven & Ostrom, 2007). To that end, many streams of inquiry have emerged in various areas: organization theory (Ansari et al. 2013; Fournier, 2013; Tedmanson et al. 2015), institutional economics (Hess, C. & Ostrom, 2011; Ostrom, 1990, 2005, 2010), political philosophy and legal studies (Dardot & Laval, 2014; Holder and Flessas, 2008; Hardt & Negri, 2009), nonprofit studies (Aligica, 2016; Bushouse et al. 2016; Lohmann, 2014, 2016) and business ethics (Argandoña, 1998; Melé, 2009, 2012; O’Brien, 2009; Sison & Fontrodona, 2012; Solomon, 2004). However, these different theories are usually conceived and used separately. Empirical research on commons has mainly focused on natural resources at local and global levels (Ansari et al. 2013; Cody et al. 2015; Cox & Ross, 2011; Galaz et al. 2012; Ostrom, 1990, 2010; Poteete et al. 2010), and also on digital and scientific resources (Benkler, 2006; Boyle, 2008; Cook‐Deegan & Dedeurwaerdere, 2006; Coriat, 2015; Hess & Ostrom, 2011). Despite a long research tradition in local community organizations, there is little empirical scientific knowledge that uses the lens of the commons to study shared resources that are neither natural nor informational in nature. This dissertation aims to fill these gaps by analyzing social finance services and organizations from an interdisciplinary perspective. The aim is to understand whether communities can create financial commons. By analyzing the processes involved, the dissertation sheds light on the social and institutional components enabling the creation of human-made commons. We focus on community organizations linked to the solidarity economy movement in Brazil. Such movement aims to promote socio-economic alternative organizations, especially for poverty alleviation and inequality reduction.More specifically, the dissertation identifies the nature of two kinds of shared financial resources––microcredit services and complementary currencies––and looks at the functioning of community arrangements that provide them, the community components mobilized for creating commons organizations, and the institutional work strategies developed by intermediary organizations to adjust the scale of these social finance services.The dissertation is structured in four chapters, each of which addresses different research questions and uses different methods and units of analysis. The first chapter is conceptual and based on a literature review on complementary currencies in order to identify the commons dimensions of seven complementary currency systems. The second chapter is an in-depth single case study of Banco Palmas, a Brazilian community bank. This chapter analyzes the transformative power of governance on private goods when managed by self-governed grassroots organizations. Chapter three is a comparative case study of five community banks that focuses on the community components involved in creating commons as a grassroots response to contested market and state institutions. The final chapter focuses on the diffusion and institutionalization of social finance in Brazil and the role played by five intermediary organizations in this process.Starting from the observation that there is no definition of financial commons, Chapter 1 – Money and the Commons: Lessons from Complementary Currencies – proposes to assess the commons dimensions of monetary systems created and managed by local organizations. Specifically, we investigate the organizational features of seven complementary currency systems by making use of two main theoretical frameworks that are usually separate: the new commons in organization studies and the common good in business ethics. The findings show that these alternative monetary systems and organizations promote the common interest through the creation of new communities and can therefore be considered as commons according to the common good framework. Nevertheless, only systems relying on collective action and self-management fulfill the new commons framework. This allows us to suggest two new categories of commons: “social commons”, which fulfills both the new commons and the common good frameworks, and the “commercial commons”, which that fulfill the common good but not the new commons framework. Building on this, we define an ethos of the commons as a principle that consists in organizing commons practices through both collective organization and ethical concern for human flourishing.Chapter 2 - A Case Study of Microfinance and Community Development Banks (CDBs) in Brazil: Private or Common Goods? - looks at how governance mechanisms of self-managed community organizations affect the characteristics of microcredit services. Based on field research in Brazil, this chapter uses Elinor Ostrom’s design principles of successful self-governing common-pool resource organizations to analyze community banks’ microcredit systems. Our results suggest that private goods could be altered when governed by community self-managed enterprises. They become hybrid goods because they mix the characteristics of private and common goods. This change is facilitated by specific organizational arrangements, such as self-governance, that emerge from grassroots dynamics and the creation of collective-choice arenas. These arrangements help strengthen the inclusion properties of nonprofit microcredit services.In order to identify what components enable commons creation, we conduct a comparative case study of five Brazilian community banks in Chapter 3 – Building Commons in Community Enterprise: The Case of Self-Managed Microfinance Organizations. We analyze how community enterprises create commons whereas market and state institutions reproduce exclusion and inequalities. Our results suggest that four components are required to establish a new organization of commons: collective decision-making, community social control, servant leadership, and desire for social change. Building on this, we develop a model of commons organization and explain why these organizations are substitutes for existing marginalizing institutions. This study contributes to the literature by examining new elements for commons creation and shedding light on the emergence of new institutional arrangements for social change. Finally, after looking at commons institutional arrangements at local level in communities, we examine how commons organizations diffuse, institutionalize and organize in networks for consolidating their activities. Chapter 4 - Institutional Change and Diffusion in Institutional Plurality: The Case of Brazil’s Solidarity Finance Sector – explains how intermediary organizations help in this process. More precisely, we analyze the institutional work strategies deployed by five intermediary organizations in the Brazilian plural institutional context, where autonomous local state agencies and banks influence community banks' activities. We show how intermediary organizations support the institutionalization of community development banks (CDBs) through diffusing these organizations in different communities, performing external institutional work with governments and public banks at national and local levels, and accomplishing internal institutional work through structuring CDBs and CDB networks.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Bresnahan, Robert D. "Virtue Ethics and Investment Advisors in the Canadian Financial Services Industry: An Application of Alasdair MacIntyre's Tripartite Model of Virtue Ethics and Moral Philosophy." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28610.

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Recent events in global capital markets have underscored the impotence of securities regulation and paucity of ethical behaviour. With the resurgence of virtue ethics it only seems appropriate that a concerted effort should be undertaken to apply this model to the financial services industry. This thesis will apply Alasdair MacIntyre's tripartite notion of virtue ethics as explicated in his highly acclaimed work After Virtue to the role of the Investment Advisor in the Canadian financial services industry. MacIntyre's concepts of practice, narrative order of a single human life and the notion of tradition will be applied to the role of the Investment Advisor and the institutions that accommodate the profession. It will be concluded that MacIntyre's notions of practice and narrative order of a single human life is readily applicable but due to MacIntyre's profound criticism of capitalism, the notion of tradition is more difficult to incorporate comprehensively.

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Dobra-Kiel, Alexandra. "Emotions and behavioural ethics : the case of asset management and investment banking." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/102075/.

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This PhD Dissertation, structured by essays, aims to contribute to the field of emotions and behavioural ethics by spanning across disciplinary boundaries and methodological approaches. The ‘General Introduction’ provides a background as well as an overview of the contributions of this PhD Dissertation. The first essay provides the first systematic review on emotions and ethical decision-making, based on 38 empirical studies published between 2008 and 2017. At a methodological level, it reflects on the research methods that have been deployed so far to validate the study of the role of emotions on ethical decision-making. At a content level, it outlines the impact, in terms of outcomes, of different categories of emotions on ethical decision-making, through developing a 2x2 matrix of categories and outcomes. It concludes by recommending future thematic research avenues at both a methodological and content-level. The second essay provides the first exploratory study of implicit ethical behaviour and integral emotion responses in the asset management industry, through critical incident interviews with 38 elite fund managers in top-tier and boutique asset management companies in the UK. The latent thematic analysis of the interviews, guided by an essentialist paradigm, contributes to a contextualised elaboration of theory by developing a framework linking dimensions of ethical behaviour (i.e., authenticity and responsibility) with emotion responses (i.e., control and motivation). It contributes to the literature on ethical theories/value orientation, emotion regulation and appraisal theories by highlighting congruencies and incongruencies with existing research. The third essay provides a group-level psychosocial analysis of ethical risk on both a conscious and unconscious tier. Furthermore, it identifies how emotional contagion and RegTech (i.e., regulatory technology) efficiency affect ethical risk. It develops a mid-range model of ethical risk, alongside a typology of ethical behaviour and risk, and discusses theoretical and managerial implications.

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Da, Ros Daniele <1991&gt. "The relationship between Ethics and Finance: beyond the separation thesis - from theory to practice." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9735.

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The dissertation aim is to look at the relationship between Ethics and Finance. The followed route has the purpose to fill the gap between theory and practice, dealing with the theoretical and conceptual framework of this such cumbersome relationship, but also proposing some concrete instruments to make it feasible. Finance, concerning the allocation of capital for investors, institutions and business, should be considered as the vehicle to achieve goals through investments, which must be consistent and most importantly must be aware. Awareness means considering all the aspects and consequences of a choice, overcoming the mere economic trade-off between risk and return, towards the increasing of value in all its connotations. Sustainability is studied in its manifold meanings concerning the economic, social and environmental side, dealing with the necessity of socially responsible investments, long-term competitive advantages, long-run forecasts as well as the need of mitigating information asymmetry. The main point is the necessity to go beyond the separation thesis which affirms that doing business while addressing social issues is not possible, since the unavoidable result would be to follow a goal at the expense of the other one. Indeed, there is the need of a new awareness that doing business and social progress must run together: financial systems and businesses must not be conceived as detached entities but as integrated ones in the community. All in all, the goal is the creation of value in the perspective of co-creation, where society is the pivot.

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Reichert, Patrick. "Subsidies, Profits and Trade-offs in Social Finance: Applications to Microfinance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/273177.

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Embedding social and financial goals into investment decisions and organizational missions is an increasing hallmark of social finance, a rapidly growing phenomenon that aims to create sustainable solutions to some of society’s largest challenges such as poverty alleviation (Mosley & Hulme, 1998; Burgess & Pande, 2005; Beck et al. 2007a), wealth inequality (Buera et al. 2014; Lagoarde-Segot, 2017) and environmental preservation (Nicholls & Pharoah, 2008) among others (Benedikter, 2011). In recent years, the concept of social finance has emerged through applications such as venture philanthropy (Moody, 2008; Scarlata & Alemany, 2010), socially responsible investing (Renneboog et al. 2008; Nofsinger & Varma, 2014; Gutiérrez-Nieto et al. 2016), impact investing (Bugg-Levine & Emerson, 2011; Höchstädter & Scheck, 2015), corporate social responsibility (Falck & Heblich, 2007; Jha & Cox, 2015), crowdfunding sites that appeal to the charitable intentions of retail investors (Lehner, 2013; Lehner & Nicholls, 2014) and microfinance (Morduch, 1999; Beck et al. 2007b; Armendáriz & Labie, 2011). The microfinance industry is particularly suited to explore the nuances of social finance due to the wide range of actors present in the sector, including not only public, private and nonprofit actors (D’Espallier et al. 2016) but also a wide range of investor profiles including commercial rate, concessionary and fully donative funders (Dorfleitner et al, 2017). To meet these innovations in social finance, a substantial body of scholarly research has materialized in various areas: corporate finance (Bogan, 2012; Tchuigoua, 2014), investing (Dorfleitner et al. 2012; Brière & Szafarz, 2015), nonprofit finance (Jegers, 2011; Roberts, 2013), banking (Gutiérrez-Nieto et al. 2009; Cornée et al. 2016), entrepreneurship (Nicholls, 2010; Bruton et al. 2015), development economics (Cull et al. 2009; Ahlin et al. 2011; Hermes et al. 2011; Hartarska et al. 2013), business ethics (Sandberg et al. 2009; Arjaliès, 2010; Hudon & Sandberg, 2013), organizational theory (Battilana & Dorado, 2012; Pache & Santos, 2013), legal studies (Henderson & Malani, 2009), public economics (Duncan, 2004; Andreoni & Payne, 2011) and management studies (Cobb et al. 2016). However, these theories are often siloed within a particular domain and used separately. Despite a long research tradition on microfinance, there is still an ongoing debate on how to assess profits in a heterogeneous environment with multiple organizational objectives, the comparative advantages of public and private funders and their associated financial instruments to scale the microfinance sector and the nature of trade-offs between the financial and social objectives of microfinance institutions (MFIs). This dissertation aims to fill these gaps by analyzing social finance from an interdisciplinary perspective. The aim is to further nuance our understanding of the compatibility between financial and social objectives and how the trade-off between these two elements is moderated through financial mechanisms from donors and social investors. By analyzing the dimensions where trade-offs are most acute for social enterprises, this dissertation aims to put forth a conceptual framework to help assess profitability. Our analysis focuses on the microfinance industry, which offers a rich research setting due the wide range of institutional profiles active in the sector, including nonprofit, cooperative, for-profit and government agents and its global contributions to financial inclusion, poverty reduction and female empowerment. This dissertation is structured into three chapters, each of which addresses a different research question using different methods and units of analysis. The first chapter is a meta-analysis that uses statistical analysis of empirical research results to aggregate the existing findings on social and financial performance trade-offs as they pertain to microfinance institutions. The second chapter develops a typology of subsidy and donation instruments and then proposes a conceptual model to identify the crowding-in and crowding-out effects of public and private donors on private, commercial investors. The second chapter is complemented with an empirical analysis of a Mexican MFI, Banco Compartamos, using secondary data to suggest how the evolution of funding instruments attracted private commercial capital. Chapter three constructs a conceptual framework to identify fair profits for social enterprise, focusing on the case of microfinance. We then empirically apply the conceptual framework to an international dataset of microfinance institutions. Starting from the observation that no consensus has emerged regarding performance trade-offs between the financial and social objectives of microfinance institutions, Chapter 1 – A Meta-analysis Examining the Nature of Trade-offs in Microfinance – aggregates existing research findings to determine the dimensions of MFI performance, and study characteristics, that drive the confirmation of trade-offs. Specifically, after an initial screen of 3,299 articles, 623 empirical trade-off findings from 61 studies were coded into a dataset, where each empirical finding consists of a pairwise observation between a single financial performance variable and a single social performance variable. Using a probit model to analyze the direction and statistical significance across categories of social/financial performance and study artifacts, findings suggest that depth of outreach, cost of outreach, and efficiency indicators increase the prevalence of trade-offs, while risk indicators are associated with fewer trade-offs. Profitability indicators and outreach to women are found to have no significant effect on performance trade-offs. Study characteristics suggest that using an economic frontier methodology or publishing in development journals increases the incidence of trade-offs. These results help to understand the moderating factors that drive performance trade-offs and suggest that MFI managers and stakeholders may need to make difficult decisions regarding the social goals that may need to be sacrificed to achieve financial sustainability.Chapter 2 – Crowding-in without Crowding-out: Subsidy Design to Foster Commercialization – investigates the financial mechanisms that public and private donors have at their disposal and how they can use these instruments to attract fully commercial private capital to social enterprises. In this article, we first construct a typology to explain the ways in which private donors are complementing public donors in subsidy design. We argue that specific instruments such as corporate intangibles and credit guarantees can trigger permanent crowding-in effects that attract commercial partners, while preventing perverse effects such as crowding-out and soft budget constraints. Applying the typology and investment logics to the case of Compartamos, we observe that crowding-in and crowding-out effects can be present simultaneously, which allows us to suggest that subsidies and donations do not force path dependency towards commercialization but rather co-exist, for example attracting commercial debt investment while crowding-out commercial equity. Our research could help both private and public donors identify strategies to maximize social impact while reducing perverse mutual externalities. Finally, in the presence of performance trade-offs and donor pressures to commercialize operations and scale-up, Chapter 3 – What is an acceptable level of profit for a social enterprise? Insights from Microfinance – develops a conceptual framework for fair profits in social enterprise and then applies the framework to the microfinance industry. The fair profit framework is constructed on four dimensions: the level of profitability, the extent to which the organization adheres to its social mission, the pricing and the surplus distribution of the organization. Using a global sample of MFIs, our results suggest that satisfying all four dimensions is a difficult, although not impossible task as less than 3% of the sample fulfill all four criteria. Using our framework, we suggest that excessive profits in microfinance can be better understood relative to pricing, the social outreach of an organization, and the commitment to clients over time through reduced interest rates. This dissertation provides solid scientific evidence on the compatibility between financial and social returns in social finance. Our dissertation examines social finance through the lens of microfinance, and investigates the performance trade-offs facing MFIs as well as the moderating role of financing mechanisms to help MFIs fulfill their double-bottom-line mandate. We hope we demonstrate that the unique combination of financing technicalities significantly shape the evolution of recipient organizations. Some practical implications are also identified to help practitioners, regulators and managers navigate the ongoing debate on the compatibility of financial and social returns and the design of financial instruments for social enterprise. We firmly believe that these academic works contribute and bring new perspectives to social finance in development economics, and business ethics.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Cowley, Catherine Elizabeth. "The application of Catholic social teaching to business ethics with particular reference to the finance sector." Thesis, Heythrop College (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395823.

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Meliani, Zakaria. "Finance islamique et immobilier au Maroc." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G001.

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La finance islamique est un secteur à fort potentiel, il ne connaît pas de crise, et sa ‎croissance augmente à deux chiffres ! Au Maroc comme partout dans le monde, cette ‎industrie financière éthique est en plein effervescence, elle ne cesse de gagner du terrain ‎notamment dans les secteurs touchant l’économie réelle, à l’instar de l’immobilier.‎ En effet, force est de constater, que le secteur immobilier s’adapte parfaitement aux ‎exigences éthiques de cette finance à caractère morale. À vrai dire cette dernière, offre une ‎panoplie de techniques juridiques allant du simple au plus complexe permettant l’accès au ‎logement et l’investissement immobilier.‎ Cette thèse examine selon une approche juridique moderne ces techniques contractuelles, ‎qui offrent des alternatives intéressantes et sans intérêts aux solutions de financement ‎actuelles
Islamic Finance is a sector of big potentials, it knows no crisis and its ‎growth is increasing with a double-digit rate! In Morocco, like ‎everywhere in the word, this ethical financial industry is buzzing, it ‎keeps gaining ground in sectors of real economy such as real estate.‎ In fact, it is clear that the sector of real estate adapts perfectly to the ‎ethical requirements of this finance of moral features. As a matter of ‎fact, it offers a panoply of juridical techniques ranging from simple to ‎complex and gives access to housing and real estate investment.‎ This thesis, probes with a modern juridical approach these contractual ‎techniques that give interesting alternatives and without bank interest ‎to the problems of the current financing

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Parfitt, Claire Rhiannon. "Ethics as an accumulation strategy: Risk and value in a speculative moral economy." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24148.

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This thesis investigates how ethical concerns about environmental, social and governance risks are shaping contemporary capital accumulation. Engaging with an eclectic range of scholarly debates, what holds these threads together is a concern with capital’s dynamism, identifying what is happening at the frontiers of accumulation, and questions about the functions of ethics. The thesis mobilises the concept of the moral economy to understand how economies are always structured by ethics, and what form this takes in the current conjuncture. Marxian value theory reveals how finance and intangible assets are changing how capital accumulates. Bringing these insights together to analyse the phenomenon of ethical capitalism, the thesis shows how ethical issues are transformed into risks and opportunities for capital accumulation. Drawing on examples from responsible investment practice, integration of environmental, social and governance issues into investment decisions, social and environmental accounting, and marketing strategies reveal how a speculative moral economy creates the conditions for the production and realisation of ethical capital. Beyond an engagement with the limitations of responsible capitalism, this project aims to understand what responsible capitalism does. The central proposition is that ethics become risks, absorbed into and transformed by financial calculus, rendering ethics productive for capital.

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Peillex, Jonathan. "L'Offre de produits de placement éthiques : décision de lancement, conception et réaction du marché financier." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0051.

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Cette thèse traite des produits financiers éthiques d'un angle rarement emprunté par la littérature, à savoir celui de l'offreur. Plus précisément, elle s'attèle à analyser les stratégies qui sous-tendent la décision de création, la conception et la diffusion des produits financiers présentés comme « éthiques » par les sociétés de gestion d'actifs. Pour ce faire, différentes bases de données et méthodologies sont mobilisées. Concernant les déterminants de l'offre, il semble que la création d'un fonds SR soit entreprise par les sociétés financières disposant de ressources économiques et humaines importantes de manière à communiquer sur leur activité, à renforcer leur stratégie RSE, ou encore à détourner l'attention des investisseurs de leur mauvaise performance financière. Les questions liées à la réputation de la société financière apparaissent alors primordiales pour expliquer la décision de création d'un fonds SR. En matière de conception, les résultats révèlent que le filtrage SR relativement aux mouvements de marché, à la politique d'allocation stratégique et à la gestion active joue un rôle relativement modeste dans l'explication de la variabilité des rentabilités des fonds SR dans le temps et entre eux. Par ailleurs, en recourant au cas de l'investissement conforme à la Charia, nous montrons que le choix d'une règle de filtrage par rapport à une autre modifie significativement la composition du portefeuille éthique et donc ex post sa performance financière. Enfin, à propos de la phase diffusion, les résultats suggèrent qu'en moyenne, l'annonce de l'introduction d'un fonds SR a une influence légèrement positive à court-terme sur la valeur de marché de la société financière créatrice
This thesis investigates the ethical investment products from a perspective barely approached by the literature, namely the supplier's point of view. More specifically, we focus on the strategies used by corporate promoters, and their consequences, when reating, designing and disseminating the so called "ethical" financial products. To achieve our goal, several different databases and methodologies are used. Regarding the determinants of the decision to create SR products, it seems that SR funds are introduced by corporate promoters with significant economic and human resources that allow them to communicate more extensively on their activities, to reinforce their CSR strategies or to divert stakeholders' attention from their financial difficulties. As such, we may argue that issues related to the reputation of the corporate sponsor are key to explain the decision to create SR funds. In terms of design, our results show evidence that SR screening has a rather limited impact on the variability of SR funds returns over time and among funds. Furthermore, using the case of Shariah compilant investment, we set forth that the choice of a screening norm over another has a significant impact on the final composition of ethical portfolios and, ex post, on their financial performance. Finally, regarding the dissemination phase, our results suggest that on average, the announcement of a SR fund introduction has a slightly positive effect on the market value of the corporate sponsor

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Long, Michael John Adrian. "Theological reflection on international debt : a critique of the Jubilee 2000 debt cancellation campaign." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1245/.

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The theologically-inspired Jubilee 2000 campaign was highly successful but much theological reflection on the sovereign debt owed by the poorest nations has been overly polemical. Our study indicates that nonetheless a post-liberal, dialogical approach to the issue of international debt can be realised, and traces some of its key observations and themes. The origins and development of Jubilee 2000 are traced both in Britain and internationally, with particular reference to the campaign in Zambia. Key arguments and factors critical to the success of Jubilee 2000 are discussed and analysed. In performing this analysis we draw on the work of Atherton, whose approach offers criteria for establishing the adequacy of theological engagement in a plural and globalised context. Analysis of the themes of jubilee, grace and forgiveness, and usury reveal that despite their limitations, they offer valuable and distinctive contributions on issues of power and money, in their insights into the human condition, and into obligations across generations. Future theological engagement on debt will also require greater attention to the role that money performs, and a new synthesis of visionary and realistic elements.

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Garcia, Roberto C. "An Accounting Solution to The Public Pension Crisis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/890.

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Roughly 40 million American active and retired workers are covered by local, state or federal pension systems. The most recent financial crises has caused many of these pension systems to go up in flames, leaving politicians and economists puzzled as to where the money to pay off their future pension liabilities will come from. To add to the nightmare situation, we can expect the retirement of the baby-boomers over the next decade to exacerbate the conflagration. With less contributions coming in from the reduced number of active public employees, and more to pay out to retirees, many localities and states find themselves in the middle of the fire. This issue finds itself at the crossroads of politics, labor economics, accounting, and finance, and it will take a full-fledged effort from parties within all these fields to correct the mistakes of the past. The aim of this paper is to zero-in on the origins of this dilemma, diagnose the situation we find ourselves in today, and prescribe a solution or number of solutions to implement in the near future. To accomplish this, I will examine accounting standards, legislation, public policies, and labor demographics and attempt to provide insight as to how all of these affect the state of public pension plans. To this date we have already seen the effects pensions can have on governmental entities and it is important that people act now to prevent this issue from growing more widespread.

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Alfordy, Faisal D. "The impact of Saudi Arabian culture on minority shareholders' rights." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2016. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/4259/.

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The aim of this research study is to examine the impact of Saudi Arabian culture on corporate governance (CG) and its regulatory compliance with respect to the protection of minority shareholders’ interests. The protection of minority shareholders is a primary concern in the area of CG and particularly as defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) principles. In Saudi Arabia, CG is a newly introduced regime. Its set of CG principles was initially issued after the first market crash in 2006, which signified the need for appropriate CG standards in Saudi Arabia because minority shareholders suffered catastrophic losses. Moreover, CG legislation in Saudi Arabia is still slowly moving from voluntary to obligatory because family-owned firms, which is the dominant form of incorporation, are stifling corporate growth by their reluctance to open their equity to outside shareholders, as argued by the OECD report of Koldertsova (2011). Hence, the conceptual framework for understanding how Saudi Culture affects minorities is based upon Hofstede’s (1980-2010) Cultural Value Dimension (CVD) model linking societal constructs with the legal and political milieu. Thus, this research sets out to examine this link in relevance to Saudi Culture. In addition, this undertaking will extend, via the second research question, to uncover other factors, such as the legal and political, influencing the level of compliance of listed Saudi corporations with the OECD principles with respect to the protection of minority shareholder rights. The findings of this study provides significant correlations between each of Hofstede’s CVDs: Individualism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Femininity, and Long Term Orientation and the quality of the exercise of minority shareholders’ rights as defined by the OECD’s principles of CG in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the distribution of each CV dimension was found not to be the same when comparing groups of Majority and Minority shareholders. Hence, the significant correlations expose two different subcultures: an active culture pertaining to Majority shareholders and a passive culture pertaining to Minority shareholders in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the current legal environment guiding the CG procedures in Saudi Arabia was found to attach a low level of significance to minority shareholders in terms of: ease of litigation, establishment of specialised courts, appointment of competent qualified judges in CG commercial cases, and creation of awareness programmes for minority shareholders’ rights. In addition, the lack of a solid constitution was found to weaken popular pressure to safeguard shareholders' rights and promote a block-holding model of corporate control. Hence, due to governmental institutions falling short on their responsibilities, Saudi controlling families can practically be considered as an institution, as indicated by Institutional Theory, and this familial institution is likely to continue to manifest itself in the governance of emerging economic systems such as Saudi Arabia's as its survival is dependent on the institutional context.

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El, Khamlichi Abdelbari. "Ethique et performance : le cas des indices boursiers et des fonds d'investissement en finance islamique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10401/document.

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Depuis le milieu des années 90, les indices et les fonds d‘investissement islamiques ont fait l‘objet de plusieurs études académiques. Cependant, les résultats divergent quant à leur surperformance ou leur sous-Performance. L‘objectif de notre thèse est d‘étudier les enjeux et la performance de cette catégorie d‘indices et de fonds. En ce qui concerne les indices, notre étude porte sur un échantillon de 57 couples d‘indices islamiques et de leurs benchmarks conventionnels. Nous étudions d‘abord les similitudes et les différences entre les deux catégories d‘indices. Puis, nous réalisons une revue de littérature classique accompagnée d‘une méta-Analyse. Ensuite, nous analysons l‘efficience et le potentiel de diversification de ces indices. Après, nous comparons les indices en termes de rentabilité, de risque et de performance. Nous utilisons également plusieurs mesures de performance afin de classer les indices islamiques. Enfin, nous étudions la persistance de la performance en ayant recours au modèle à quatre facteurs. Nos résultats montrent que malgré leur manque de diversification, les indices boursiers islamiques ont, en moyenne, le même degré d‘inefficience et le même niveau de performance que leurs homologues conventionnels. Quant aux fonds d‘investissement islamiques, nous étudions un échantillon de 111 fonds equity sur la période allant d‘avril 2005 à mars 2011. Nous utilisons plusieurs mesures de performance et des tests non paramétriques de la persistance entre trois sous-Périodes équivalentes. Nous trouvons une hétérogénéité en matière de performance de ces fonds et une absence de persistance pendant et après la dernière crise financière
Since the mid-Nineties, Islamic mutual funds and indices have received a significant level of academic scrutiny. However, the debate over their under-Performance or over-Performance is not over yet. The prime objective of our study is to explore the stakes, the performance and the persistence in performance of this category of indices and funds. As for indices, the study used a sample of 57 Islamic indices and their conventional benchmarks. It is carried out through a) studying the similarities and differences between Islamic and conventional indices; b) surveying the current literature by performing both narrative and meta-Analytical review of the literature, c) studying the efficiency and their potential for diversification; d) comparing the return, the risk and the performance of Islamic indices with their conventional counterparts, e) ranking Islamic indices using various performance measures; and f) studying the persistence using the four-Factor pricing model. Despite their lack of diversification, the study finds that Islamic indices have, in average, the same level of inefficiency and performance as their conventional counterparts. As for funds, the study used a sample of 111 Islamic equity funds over the period April 2005 to March 2011 and carried out through applying different performance measures and non-Parametric tests of performance persistence over three equal sub-Periods. The study finds much heterogeneity in Islamic funds‘ performance and a little evidence that supports non-Persistence in performance of Islamic mutual funds during and after the last financial crisis

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Alhomaidi, Asem. "Social norms and stock trading." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2373.

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The dissertation consists of two essays. In the first essay we compare the performance of Islamic and conventional stock returns in Saudi Arabia in order to determine whether the Saudi market exhibits characteristics that are consistent with segmented markets and investor recognition effects. We sample the daily stock returns of all Saudi firms from September 2002 to 2015 and calculate important measures, including idiosyncratic volatility (Ang et al, 2006), market integration (Pukthuanthong and Roll, 2009), systematic turnover (Loughran and Schultz, 2005), and stock turnover and liquidity (Amihud, 2002). Integration tests report that Islamic stocks are more sensitive to changes in global and local macroeconomic variables than conventional stocks, supporting the hypothesis that the Islamic and conventional stock markets are segmented in Saudi Arabia. In addition, our results show that Islamic stocks have larger number of investors, lower idiosyncratic risk, higher systematic turnover, and more liquid than conventional stocks, which supports the investor recognition hypothesis. Our results provide new evidence on asset pricing in emerging markets, the evolving Islamic financial markets, and the potential impact of other implicit market barriers on global financial markets. In the second essay we examine the effects of shared beliefs and personal preferences of individual investors on their trading and investment decisions. We anticipate that the process of classifying stocks into Shariah compliant (Islamic) and non-shariah compliant (conventional) has an effect on investibility and acceptance of the stock especially by unsophisticated or individual investors. The wide acceptance of Islamic stocks between individual investors promote and facilitate the circulation of firm-specific information between certain groups of investors. Our results indicate that stock classification has an effect on the stock price comovement through increased stock trading correlation between the groups of Islamic investors. The commonality in preferences between Islamic stocks’ holders generate commonality in trading activity and in stock liquidity. We find that classifying a stock as an Islamic stock increases its price comovement with other Islamic stocks and also increases its commonality in liquidity.

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Zannin, Elisa <1988&gt. "Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa: performance e costo del debito. Un'indagine empirica basata sul giudizio di rating attribuito da Standard Ethics." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3803.

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La tesi si sviluppa in tre parti. In una prima parte viene esposto il concetto di Corporate Social Responsibility e la sua sempre maggiore rilevanza nel contesto competitivo attuale: l’evoluzione, le definizioni istituzionali e in dottrina. In una seconda parte viene analizzato il rapporto intercorrente tra performance sociale d’impresa e performance economico-finanziaria. Lo scopo è quello di esporre l’importanza che riveste il fatto che vi sia conciliazione tra i due tipi di performance perché l’impresa crei valore, in un equilibrio tendente alla massimizzazione degli interessi in gioco dei diversi stakeholder. Non sempre le imprese socialmente responsabili sono anche le imprese che ottengono performance economiche migliori. I rischi, così come i benefici ottenibili dall’essere eticamente responsabili sono numerosi; ed è necessario monitorarli costantemente. Tra le diverse metodologie di misurazione della CSP, viene rivolta l’attenzione al rating etico, e nel particolare al rating attribuito dall’Agenzia Standard Ethics. Se le imprese giudicate socialmente responsabili, e quindi in possesso di un giudizio di rating positivo, sono anche quelle che ottengono una performance finanziaria migliore rispetto alle aziende meno attente alla problematica della RSI (i benefici superano i costi), allora gli stakeholder - e nello specifico le banche che erogano il credito - dovrebbero riconoscere questo valore e la durabilità di queste aziende, in ipotesi semplificata, applicando loro un minor costo del debito. Le aziende che hanno una Corporate Social Performance migliore, ottengono una migliore performance economica? Il costo del debito è correlato al giudizio di rating etico (utilizzato come misura della RSI) attribuito all’impresa? Lo scopo dell’ultimo capitolo è quello di verificare con un’indagine empirica se vi è correlazione tra il rating attribuito dall’Agenzia Standard Ethics ad un campione di società, la performance economica ed il costo del debito.

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Greenberg, Kendall. "You Can Run But You Can’t Hide: The Advance of Shareholder Activism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1970.

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Shareholder activism has exploded in popularity since the turn of the century, due in large part to impressive relative returns generated by its major participants. The result has thus been a surge in assets invested in the category, to in excess of $170 billion today up from less than $3 billion in 2000 (Inglis 2015; Romito 2015). This influx of capital, in absolute dollars and pace of growth, has caused many to wonder whether activists truly create shareholder value and, if so, if the value generated is sustainable. Numerous studies of activist interventions prior to 2009 reveal significant stock price gains around the time of activist arrival and positive longer term buy-and-hold abnormal returns as well. The question remains, however, whether those trends have continued as volume of transactions and number of activists have increased post the recent global financial crisis. In this report, we perform an empirical analysis focused on a hand-collected dataset of 1,088 activist interventions from 1995-present. This dataset includes all 13D filings, as well as Under the Threshold activist campaigns. First, we analyze stock price returns for this group over short- and long-term periods and find that activists continue to unlock shareholder value in recent deals comparable to that of earlier ones. We then perform a proprietary regression to identify which factors drive the most successful returns. Such insights should prove informative for investors employing an activist strategy and companies looking to manage areas of vulnerability.

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Jafari, Amin. "Essai compare sur la protection des valeurs dans les banques islamiques et conventionnelles : une protection juridique et financière des valeurs dans les banques contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100174.

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Cette thèse consiste à montrer que les valeurs dans une société donnée sont fortement protégées par la loi pénale. Il en est ainsi des valeurs bancaires - financières. Ce qui importe, c’est le fait que les valeurs peuvent se protéger elles-mêmes en se transformant en d’autres valeurs ou notions (notion - principe). Également, il est supposé que les valeurs dans un autre système soient protégées différemment. À travers cette thèse, nous avons tenté de démontrer la particularité des divers systèmes bancaires, les systèmes islamique et conventionnel. Cette recherche vise à démontrer tout simplement que les valeurs dans ces deux systèmes ne sont pas perçues de la même manière et qu’ils n’ont pas non plus les mêmes valeurs. En droit pénal bancaire ou en droit bancaire « non pénal », la protection peut être différente de celle du droit pénal classique. La particularité de ce domaine réside dans les tendances variables d’une réglementation à une pénalisation et inversement, d’une déréglementation à une dépénalisation. Ainsi à travers cette étude, nous parlerons d’éventualité d’un mouvement. Ce mouvement est observé au niveau de la protection des valeurs. La protection des valeurs et, à la suite le mouvement de protection, peuvent être réalisés à deux niveaux : une protection structurelle des valeurs et une protection opérationnelle des valeurs. Le recours au pénal dans la phase de protection dépend du système auquel est liée la valeur. Les alternatives de la protection pénale dans les deux étapes opérationnelles et structurelles existent, encore que, dans la finance moderne d’aujourd’hui, nous entendons beaucoup parler des nouvelles notions de la gouvernance d’entreprise, de la finance éthique, etc. En dernier lieu, cette thèse a l’intention de démontrer que, par l’effet de la globalisation, même si les valeurs divergent, leurs protections (y compris la protection pénale) vont dans un sens d’harmonisation ; il nous semble qu’une convergence soit en train de se construire. Mais quel est le rôle du droit pénal dans la vie moderne bancaire ?
This thesis aims to show that the values in a given society are strongly protected by the mechanisms of law (both criminal and civil law). The protected values are those basies in banking - financial system. Given the fact that there are two major banking systems: Islamic and conventional, the significance of this research is to show that, firstly, values can protect themselves by transforming into other values / concepts (notion - principe) or by becoming structure in the banking system. Secondly, it is assumed that the protection of the values in another system would be different. Also, the theory of transformation in both levels of the existence of the values and their protection is demonstrated. In criminal banking law or in "non - criminal" banking law, the protection may be different from that of classical criminal law. The particularity of this field is variable trends of regulation to penalization and vice versa: deregulation to decriminalization. Therefore, through this study, the possibility of a movement will be discussed in respect to the transformation theory framework. The trend of movement is observed in the protection of values. Protection of values and the movement of protection, could be achieved at two levels: structural protection of values and operational protection of values. The use of the criminal in the protection phase depends on the system that value is linked. Alternatives (called extra-penal mechanisms) in criminal protection in both operational and structural steps exist; however, in modern finance, new concepts of corporate governance, ethical finance, etc. are in the center of attention. Largely because, theses concepts could protect values without interference of criminal law. In Overall, this thesis intends to demonstrate that, even if the values are different, by the effect of globalization, their protections (including criminal protection) are in a way of harmonization; it seems that convergence is beginning to build. But what is the role of criminal law in the modern banking life?

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Sunga, Gabriel. "Corporate Tax Inversions: An Event Study on the Impact of Treasury Regulations on Domestic and Foreign M&A Target Firms." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1346.

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This paper utilizes a short-term event study to analyze the stock price reaction of domestic and foreign M&A target firms to the 2014, 2015, and 2016 Treasury regulatory announcements aimed at restricting corporate tax inversions. The results suggest that domestic M&A target firms experience insignificant abnormal returns as a result of the Treasury overlooking tax-favored acquisitions by foreign acquirers of domestic target firms with significant locked out earnings. Meanwhile, foreign M&A target firms experience insignificant abnormal returns associated with the ineffective 2014 and 2015 Treasury regulations and experience significant abnormal returns associated with the highly effective 2016 Treasury regulations. This paper contributes to the existing debate on corporate inversions by highlighting the common techniques used to escape the United States’ tax jurisdiction, as well as shedding light on a hidden inversion alternative that has been largely overlooked by the Treasury’s regulatory actions.

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Gesovski, Daniel, and Erik Gunhamn. "Nudging : Ett verktyg för ett ökat hållbart sparande?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85206.

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Bakgrund: Det finns ett starkt intresse kring klimat- och hållbarhetsrelaterade frågor idag vilket speglar sig i allmän opinion och i politiska debatter. Den rationella investeraren antas placera sina pengar med hänsyn tagen till beslutskriterier som risk och avkastning. Men frågan är om etiska och hållbara ställningstaganden kommer till uttryck i människors val av placeringar? Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att testa ifall individer tenderar att välja socialt hållbara investeringar i större utsträckning då de reflekterar över sina attityder och värderingar kring etik och hållbarhet i samband med ett placeringsval. Teori: Studien grundar sig i en deduktiv ansats, där vi utifrån rådande teorier inom ekonomi och beteendevetenskap skapat ett antagande om människan. Antagandet är att människan investerar utifrån beslutskriterierna risk och avkastning, men att denne även har etiska värderingar och attityder som tenderar att falla bort vid placeringsvalet p.g.a. bristande rationalitet och kognitiv bias. Det uppstår därmed en dissonans mellan människans beteende och dess attityder och värderingar. Denna dissonansen ska reduceras genom en system 2 nudge som låter investeraren reflektera över sina värderingar och attityder rörande hållbarhet och etik innan placeringsvalet. Detta för att se om det kan leda till en högre andel placeringar i socialt hållbara investeringar. Empirisk metod: Den empiriska metoden bestod av ett enkätexperiment där två grupper av respondenter fick göra ett hypotetiskt placeringsval, men där experimentgruppens enkät innehöll en system 2 nudge innan valet. Resultat: Vår nudge fick ingen signifikant påverkan på respondenternas placeringsval. Detta kan delvis förklaras av ett felaktig antagande om människan som redan placerade mer hållbart än förväntat samt bristande effektivitet av vår system 2 nudge i kontexten av denna studie.
Background: Climate- and sustainable related questions are strong topics in today’s society and are highly debated by decision-makers. The rational investor is supposed make investments based on risk and return. But the question is if the concerns about sustainability and ethics really influence the decision of the investor? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test if individuals tend to invest more in SRI (Socially responsible investments) if they have a moment of reflection regarding ethics and sustainability before an investment decision. Theory: We apply a deductive approach, by creating an assumption of how humans function according to economics and behavioral science. Due to theory, humans can be seen as rational investors who solely make investment decision based on risk and return. But they can also have strong attitudes and values regarding social responsibility, which because of bounded rationality and cognitive bias tend not to be included as criteria in investment decisions. This creates a dissonance between the person's values and attitudes and their investment decisions. To make people invest more in consonance with their values and attitudes we construct a system 2 nudge that let them reflect about their view of ethics and sustainability before an investment decision. This can lead to increased investments in SRI. Empirical method: The empirical method consisted of a survey experiment in which the participants were asked to make a hypothetical investment decision. The treatment survey contained a system 2 nudge before the investment decision, while the control survey remained neutral. Results: The nudge, or the reflection of attitudes and values by the investor, had no significant effect on their investment decision. This can partly be explained by a wrong assumption of the rational investor who already invested according to their values and attitudes, and by a lack of effectiveness of our system 2 nudge in the context of this study.

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Khaitan, Shrivats. "Hostile Takeovers and Corporate Governance in India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/742.

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The ability of outsiders to gain controlling interest in a firm has a large impact on managerial behavior. This threat has not been wielded in Indian corporations for the most part in spite of there being no direct regulatory hurdles in the execution of the same. This paper seeks to determine the reasons behind the lack of hostile takeover bids in India, as well as analyze the effect on corporate governance. The scrutiny of the Indian corporate sphere leads us to believe that corporate governance is in the process of being codified, but there are numerous motivations already in place to incentivize good managerial behavior, other than the threat of hostile takeover bids.

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Pérezts, Mar. "L'éthique comme pratique située : étude multiniveaux sur l'éthique au travail dans la conformité bancaire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010058.

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Qu'en est-il de l'éthique dans les banques ? Depuis le début de la crise financière initiée en 2007, cette question a envahi les préoccupations médiatiques et académiques, et a également déclenché ce travail. Par-delà l’effervescence du contexte de crise et en évitant toute approche normative, cette thèse se penche sur la fabrique de l’éthique conçue avant tout comme pratique, sur l’éthique au travail et à l’œuvre dans les processus d’organisation. Nous proposons une lecture qui considère l’éthique en situation et non simplement celui ni des discours ni des normes et leur application conforme. Ceci nous permet d’appréhender de manière transversale et intégrée le lien entre l’éthique comme processus, ces discours et ces normes au sein même des processus d’organisation. A travers une ethnographie dans une cellule Conformité dédiée à la lutte anti-blanchiment d'une grande banque d'investissement française, nous explorons la fabrique et le travail de "l'éthique comme pratique située". Nous proposons et définissons ce syntagme pour aborder l'éthique en tant que phénomène organisationnel, que nous définissions comme 1) complexe et dynamique, 2) embarqué simultanément aux niveaux micro (au sein de sujets moraux), méso (dans des organisations humaines) et macro (au niveau institutionnel), et 3) dans un rapport de rétro-alimentation par rapport à sa situation. Le contexte de conformité bancaire est un milieu privilégié pour cette étude, surtout en temps de crise financière et de valeurs, car il exacerbe les tensions et les enjeux concrets qui défient la pratique quotidienne de l'éthique en rapport constant avec la norme, les risques et l’impératif de conformité
Whither ethics in banking? This question has increasingly pervaded media and academic concerns since the outbreak of the 2007 financial crisis, and has also triggered this dissertation. Beyond the current turmoil on the one hand, and avoiding a normative approach on the other, this study focuses on ethics in the making, on ethics at work in organizing and organizations, that is and ethics understood essentially as practice. Our perspective considers ethics in situ, from a practice and situational approach and not solely from either the standpoint of discourse or that of norms and their effective compliance. This allows us precisely to apprehend in a transversal and integrated way the link between ethics as process and such discourses and norms within organizing. Through an ethnographic study of a major French Investment Bank's Anti-Money Laundering Compliance unit, this thesis focuses on ethics in the making, and the work of ‘ethics as situated practice’. We propose and define this syntagma to consider ethics as an organizational phenomenon, which we define as 1) complex and dynamic, 2) simultaneously embedded at the micro (within moral subjects), meso (within human organisations) and macro (at the institutional level), and 3) in an engaged loop circling back to its situation. The context of banking compliance is of great relevance for this study, particularly in times of financial and values crisis, since it exacerbates the specific tensions and stakes that challenge on a daily basis ethics in its constant relation with norms, risks and the imperative of compliance

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Toews, Bruce J. "Differences in Financial Performance and Risk Tolerance at Faith-Based Credit Unions." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1805.

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In the United States, faith-based and other small credit unions are vanishing at the rate of nearly a credit union each workday. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to provide managers of faith-based credit unions with information about differences in financial performance and risk tolerance between faith-based and non-faith-based credit unions in order to improve their investment strategy and long-term sustainability. The study included a comparison of ratios measuring the financial performance and risk tolerance of randomly selected faith-based credit unions in the United States with the corresponding ratios of non-faith-based credit unions of similar size and location from 2003 to 2012. The data were collected from the National Credit Union Association, the U.S. government regulator of federally insured credit unions. The data analysis involved t tests and one-way ANOVAs to determine the differences in mean ratios of financial performance and risk tolerance between faith-based and non-faith-based credit unions. The findings demonstrated mixed support for the theoretical framework based on the Protestant ethic theory, which holds that certain traits associated with religion (e.g., thrift and debt avoidance) might influence financial performance and risk tolerance. The findings revealed significant differences between faith-based and non-faith-based credit unions in capital adequacy, liquidity risk, and credit risk, but not in profitability and interest rate risk. The implications for social change include the potential to strengthen the risk management and investment strategies for faith-based credit unions, thereby helping to ensure the continuation of vital financial services valued by members and their communities.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethical finance'

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