Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ethiopia – Population policy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ethiopia – Population policy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethiopia – Population policy"

1

Gutema, Girma, Seid Ali, and Sultan Suleman. "Trends of community-based systemic antibiotic consumption: Comparative analyses of data from Ethiopia and Norway calls for public health policy actions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): e0251400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251400.

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Studies on antibiotic utilization trends are invaluable because they offer data for evaluation of impacts of antimicrobial stewardship policies. Such studies help determine correlations between the use of specific antibiotic classes and trends in emergence of resistance (resistance-epidemiology). This study aims to quantify the consumption systemic antibiotics (J01)—in defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)—in Ethiopia’s public healthcare sector (2016–2020). By so doing, it attempts to capture the extent of population exposure to antibiotics in the country. Data were also compared with those from Norway to establish rough estimate of the country’s status vis-à-vis some globally acknowledged better practices with regard to optimal use of antibiotics. Raw data obtained from registers of Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency were converted into DDD, per the standard methodology recommended by WHO. To control for population size, antibiotics consumption data were presented as DID. Since official population census data for Ethiopia were not available for the study period, population projection data from the World Bank were used. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics increased from 11.02 DID in 2016 to 12.83 DID in 2020 in Ethiopia—an increase by 16.4%. Moreover, analysis of a log-linear regression model showed that the average growth rate in the community-based systemic antibiotics consumption per year between 2016 and 2020 was about 3.3% (R2 = 0.89). The highest percentage change in community-based systemic antibiotics consumption happened for glycopeptides (J01XA) and the fourth generation cephalosporins (J01DE)—1300% and 600% compared to the baseline year (2016), respectively. At product level, 9 antibiotics constituted the common domain in the list of medication cocktails in the drug utilization 90% (DU90%) for the study period. Community-based consumption of systemic antibiotics for Ethiopia and Norway showed opposite trends, calling for public health policy actions in Ethiopia.
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Hailemariam, Assefa. "Implementation of the Population Policy of Ethiopia: Achievements and Challenges." Population Horizons 13, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pophzn-2016-0002.

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Abstract Background: The Ethiopian government promulgated its first ever explicit, comprehensive and multisectoral population policy in 1993. The policy aimed at harmonizing population growth rate with that of the economy and the capacity of the country for sustainable socio-economic development. As with any population policy, there are important lessons to be learnt from the problems and challenges encountered during its implementation. Objective: The paper assesses the extent to which the population policy objectives have been realized; highlights the successes registered and identifies challenges encountered in its implementation and proposes the way forward. Methodology: Trend analysis using secondary data from censuses, surveys and UN sources were used and policy documents, research findings, development plan and program reports reviewed. Results: Fertility, infant, under-five and maternal mortality have declined significantly. Female participation in education and labour force increased. A range of legal, policy and institutional frameworks have been developed and implemented on environmental security and on gender equity, equality and the empowerment of women. Legislative measures were also taken to remove harmful traditional practices. However, the pace of implementation has been slow and there are areas where not much progress was made. Conclusion: Despite the progress made, there are critical challenges. Failure to establish the National Population Council; weak coordination and institutional arrangement due to absence of legally defined structure for implementation, lack of monitoring and evaluation system, absence of a comprehensive population program and financial constraints, among others are the major barriers. There is need to revise the policy and address these impediments and continuing and evolving challenges.
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Ayenew, Melak Mesfin. "The Dynamics of Food Insecurity in Ethiopia." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 4 (October 2015): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015100102.

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This paper assesses the dynamics of food insecurity in Ethiopia and tests policy options and scenarios that could alleviate the problem in the future. The study assess food security based on the pillars; food availability, access to food and stability. A System Dynamics model is designed which integrate population, market and food production sectors and is used to analyze past and future developments. Model results show that both the food supplies and the purchasing power of the population were insufficient for ensuring the required daily calorie intake of the population. Land degradation contributed considerably to the poor average productivity of the land. Policy analyses show that policy options such as land rehabilitation and capacity building for skilled use of agricultural land, and inputs need to be combined carefully to account for their different implementation times. Scenarios on average rainfall and food expenditure show that the food production and the purchasing power of the population are considerably influenced by erratic rainfall and economic growth respectively.
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4

Khairo, S. A., G. E. Battese, and J. D. Mullen. "Agriculture, Food Insecurity and Agricultural Policy in Ethiopia." Outlook on Agriculture 34, no. 2 (June 2005): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000054224300.

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Since 1980, Ethiopia has been struggling to feed its growing population, despite the fact that agriculture is the mainstay of its economy. A number of government initiatives aimed at raising food production and ensuring national food security have made little progress in achieving their objectives. This paper identifies some of the implications of the new agricultural intensification programme, focusing on the technical efficiency and productivity of maize growers in the Harari region of Ethiopia for food insecurity and agricultural development policies. The paper concludes that there is scope to improve the technical efficiency of maize farmers and enhance their socioeconomic situation in the Harari region.
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Feyisa, Bekele Wegi. "Determinants of Ethiopia’s Coffee Bilateral Trade Flows: A panel Gravity Approach." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.21-27.3467.

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Ethiopia’s export earning is heavily dependent on primary agricultural commodities and raw materials. Coffee has been the principal export commodity of Ethiopia for many years and continued to be the leading export commodity. The objective of this paper was, therefore, to identify the determinants of Ethiopia’s coffee export to the major trading partners. Eighteen countries were selected based on the importance of the country as Ethiopia’s coffee export destination and availability of the required data. Annual panel data from 2001 to 2016 was collected from FAO database and other relevant sources. After appropriate econometric tests had been applied, random effect model was selected and used to analyze the data. From the seven variables entered into the model, four variables were found to affect Ethiopia’s coffee export significantly. GDP of the importing countries and population size of Ethiopia affect Ethiopia’s coffee export positively as expected. Weighted distance between Ethiopia and its trading partners was also found to have an expected effect, negative, on Ethiopia’s coffee export. Contrary to the hypothesis, foreign direct investment flows to Ethiopia affected Ethiopia’s coffee export negatively. Based on the results, the study draws conclusion and policy implications. To increase Ethiopia’s coffee export, government and other stakeholders should give prime attention to countries where there is high demand for Ethiopia’s coffee. Moreover, coffee exporters should exploit the existing nearest market opportunities. Finally, favourable conditions should be created for the large unemployed labor of the country to increase coffee production and export.
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Kiros, Mizan, Ermias Dessie, Abdulrahman Jbaily, Mieraf Taddesse Tolla, Kjell Arne Johansson, Ole F. Norheim, Solomon Tessema Memirie, and Stéphane Verguet. "The burden of household out-of-pocket health expenditures in Ethiopia: estimates from a nationally representative survey (2015–16)." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa044.

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Abstract In Ethiopia, little is known about the extent of out-of-pocket health expenditures and the associated financial hardships at national and regional levels. We estimated the incidence of both catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures using data from the 2015/16 Ethiopian household consumption and expenditure and welfare monitoring surveys. We computed incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) at 10% and 25% thresholds of total household consumption and 40% threshold of household capacity to pay, and impoverishing health expenditures (IHE) using Ethiopia's national poverty line (ETB 7184 per adult per year). Around 2.1% (SE: 0.2, P < 0.001) of households would face CHE with a 10% threshold of total consumption, and 0.9% (SE: 0.1, P < 0.001) of households would encounter IHE, annually in Ethiopia. CHE rates were high in the regions of Afar (5.8%, SE: 1.0, P < 0.001) and Benshangul-Gumuz (4.0%, SE: 0.8, P < 0.001). Oromia (n = 902 000), Amhara (n = 275 000) and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) (n = 268 000) regions would have the largest numbers of affected households, due to large population size. The IHE rates would also show similar patterns: high rates in Afar (5.0%, SE: 0.96, P < 0.001), Oromia (1.1%, SE: 0.22, P < 0.001) and Benshangul-Gumuz (0.9%, SE: 0.4, P = 0.02); a large number of households would be impoverished in Oromia (n = 356 000) and Amhara (n = 202 000) regions. In summary, a large number of households is facing financial hardship in Ethiopia, particularly in Afar, Benshangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Amhara and SNNP regions and this number would likely increase with greater health services utilization. We recommend regional-level analyses on services coverage to be conducted as some of the estimated low CHE/IHE regional values might be due to low services coverage. Periodic analyses on the financial hardship status of households could also be monitored to infer progress towards universal health coverage.
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Adam, Achamyeleh Gashu. "Land readjustment as an alternative land development tool for peri-urban areas of Ethiopia." Property Management 33, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-05-2013-0034.

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Purpose – The rapid urban population growth in Ethiopia is causing an increasing demand for urban land, which primarily tends to be supplied by expropriation of peri-urban land. The process of urban development in Ethiopia is largely criticized for forced displacement and disruption of the peri-urban local community. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to introduce how Ethiopia’s urban development system could be built on the participatory and inclusive approaches of land acquisition. Design/methodology/approach – The study has employed questionnaire survey results, focus group discussion with panel of experts and previous research reports to examine the peri-urban situations and then to show why an alternative land development approach is needed to be introduced in the urban land development system of Ethiopia. Desk review on land readjustment was also made to explore best lessons from other countries applicable to the peri-urban contexts of Ethiopia. Findings – This study has explored that land readjustment is potentially an appropriate land development tool to alleviate peri-urban land development limitations in Ethiopia. Practical implications – Researchers, policy makers and government bodies that are interested in peri-urban land would appreciate and consider implementing the adapted land readjustment model as an alternative land development tool. Consequently, the local peri-urban landholders’ rights would be protected and maintained in the process of urbanization. Originality/value – Although land readjustment has the potential to achieve participatory peri-urban land development, awareness of the method in the Ethiopian urban land development system is inadequate. This study contributes to fill this gap and create an insight into the basic conditions for the adaption of the tool.
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Hundie, Shemelis Kebede. "Modelling Energy Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Ethiopia: Evidence from Cointegration and Causality Analysis." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 26, 2018): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i6.699-709.1720.

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Policy makers need to know the relationship among energy use, economic growth and environmental quality in order to formulate rigorous policy for economic growth and environmental sustainability. This study analyzes the nexus among energy consumption, affluence, financial development, trade openness, urbanization, population and CO2 emissions in Ethiopia using data from 1970–2014. The ARDL cointegration results show that cointegration exists among the variables. Energy consumption, population, trade openness and economic growth have positive impact on CO2 in the long-run while economic growth squared reduces CO2 emissions which confirms that the EKC hypothesis holds in Ethiopia. In the short-run urbanization and energy consumption intensify environmental degradation. Toda-Yamamoto granger causality results indicate the bi-directional causality between energy consumption and CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions and urbanization. Financial development, population and urbanization cause economic growth while economic growth causes CO2 emissions. Causality runs from energy consumption to financial development, urbanization and population which in turn cause economic growth. From the result, CO2 emissions extenuation policy in Ethiopia should focus on environmentally friendly growth, enhancing consumption of cleaner energy, incorporating the impact of population, urbanization, trade and financial development.
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Mamo, Gezahagn Dugassa. "Assessment on Impact of Live Animal Export on Meat Export Performance in Ethiopia; Policy Implications." Business and Management Studies 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v5i3.4467.

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Ethiopia has one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. Due to lack of livestock market structure, performances, prices are poor and inadequate for designing policies and marketing system, the sector has remained stagnant. Despite fluctuation over years, the exports of meat (16,877 tonnes) and live animals (472,041 head) have significantly increased in 2010 -2012 Ethiopian Fiscal Year (EFY), recording 69 % increment from the previous years (kefyalew,2011). In 2018/19 EFY live animal contributes 33% of the earning, while 67 % was obtained from meat export (ERCA, 201819). However, lack of export routes and ports, illegal live animal trade, shortage of live animal and lack of appropriate breeding programs are some of the main challenges faced to the sector (kefaylew,2011). The presence of large livestock population with diverse and adaptable genotypes, and diverse agro-ecologies for production of different types of livestock; expansion of agro-industries and the increase of by product feedstuffs allowing for enhanced productivity; proximity of the middle east countries, high demand for meat and live animals including the domestic market are some of the opportunities that the sectors have. Therefore, the country would have been benefited more from the sector if the aforementioned challenges have been overcome. (Ameha,2011)
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Feyera Senbeta. "The Paradox of Ethiopia’s Underdevelopment: Endogenous Factors in Retrospect." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v2i1.2907.

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Ethiopia is a country of diverse historical, cultural, geographical, archeological, and ecological resources and is well known as the cradle of humanity. It is also the tenth-largest country in Africa and endowed with vast land and water resources. This country was unable to translate these potential resources into positive development outcomes. This paper examines the historical perspective of Ethiopia’s underdevelopment mystery under the last three regimes (i.e., Haile Selassie (Imperial), Derg, and the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)). Qualitative approaches mainly interview, discussion, document analysis, and personal experiences were employed in generating relevant data that were analyzed and presented thematically. The results show that Ethiopia ranked the least in many global human development indexes such as Human Development Index, Corruption Index, and Global Hunger Index in the last decade. The underlying historical development challenges include political instability, despotic leadership, corruption, dependence on foreign aid and assistance, controlled freedom of expression, lack of diversity within unity, and inconsistent development policies. Over the last three successive regimes, the state-society relationship has been characterized by conflict, disagreement, and supremacy of state which messed up available national development opportunities. If Ethiopia has to come out of poverty and underdevelopment, it needs to improve its political stability and governance. It must be governed by ‘popularly elected’ not by ‘self-elected leader’ and put in place a system of accountability for a better future and wellbeing of its population. Consistent and pro-poor policy, good working culture, and unity in diversity must be other areas of concern for future development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethiopia – Population policy"

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Bergen, Nicole. "Health Equity as a Priority in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: A Nested Qualitative Case Study of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health in Ethiopia." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40465.

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The 2015 global adoption of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development places the achievement of health equity as a global priority for health and development. Due to the normative nature of the concept of health equity and the multi-level, multi-sectoral approaches required to advance it, interdisciplinary investigations are warranted to demonstrate how health equity as a policy objective is understood and operationalized. This dissertation is a case study of health equity in maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) in Ethiopia, using qualitative methods to explore how health equity is conceptualized and pursued by stakeholders across levels of the health system. Ethiopia, a low-income country in East Africa, reported improvements in MNCH during the Millennium Development Goal period (1990-2015), largely attributed to the expansion of health services into rural areas; however, achievements were not realized across all geographies and population groups. Health equity is a stated policy objective for the country. Through a series of four articles, this dissertation addresses: community members’ perceptions and experiences related to health inequity and MNCH; barriers and enablers encountered by community-level health workers in implementing an equity-oriented MNCH intervention; subnational health managers’ understandings of health equity, and their roles in promoting it; and the characterization of health equity as a policy problem in national-level health discourses. This work deconstructs health equity into three components (health, distribution of health and characterization of the distribution of health) and compares how stakeholders across levels of the health system attribute meaning to each component and imply responsibility and accountability for health equity. The findings detail how diverse experiences related to health equity in MNCH across community, subnational and national contexts are driven by high-level technocratic framings of health equity, which tend to emphasize the delivery of a narrow package of health services to under-served geographical areas. Providing support and recognition for the role of subnational stakeholders in mediating the adaption of national health equity policies to local contexts, and making prominent the social justice underpinnings of health equity in the implementation of national policies are opportunities to strengthen the advancement of health equity in Ethiopia.
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2

Emiru, Tegegne Sishaw. "Population dynamics and its impact on land use/ cover in Ethiopia : the case of Mandura District of Metekel Zone, Benshangul-Gumuz Regional State." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13873.

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It is evident that Ethiopia is one of the countries of Africa that is experiencing significant population growth as well as land use/cover dynamics. Land use/cover induced degradation of natural resources is a major challenge to the country’s development. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact population dynamics has had on land use/cover in Mandura district. Data on population over time were taken from the CSA during the 1984, 1994 and 2007 national census results. A total of 210 farm households from three kebeles: 105 from the local people and 105 from migrants were surveyed in May 2011 to acquire data on socioeconomic, land use, resource use and management. Aerial photographs of 1957, 1982 and SPOT-5 image of the 2006/07 were used to generate data on land use/cover changes. The results indicate that population has substantially increased, more than fourfold between 1957-2006/07, mainly due to migration from the surrounding areas, government sponsored resettlements, and flourishing of new urban centers. No less important is mortality has decreased due to immunization and the birth rate has been increasing due to improved maternal and child care as compared to the situation prior to the 1990s. The change on land use/cover show that from the total land use/cover conversions, which totals 58,403 ha of land, farm land constitutes 90.1 %. The study finds natural population increase, migration, urbanization, agricultural extensification, institutional weakness, land tenure insecurity, famine and drought, and poverty as root causes. The study further identifies existence of all weather road, resettlement, Tana-Beles project, expansion of agriculture, land colonization, wood extraction for fuel, and soil fertility decline as direct causes of land use/cover changes. As a result of change of customary land tenure system, the local population has been forced to engage in extractive economic activities that have never been practiced in the past. Therefore, the study calls for coordinated efforts for resources use and management at different levels, land use policy formulation, devising alternative sources of livelihoods and fuel, regulating migration and involvement of the wider community in policy formulation and implementations.
Geography
Ph. D. (Geography)
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3

Emiru, Tegegne Sishaw. "Population dynamics and its impact on land use/ cover in Ethiopia: the case of Manduara Disctrict of Metekel Zone, Benshangul- Gumuz Regional State." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13873.

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It is evident that Ethiopia is one of the countries of Africa that is experiencing significant population growth as well as land use/cover dynamics. Land use/cover induced degradation of natural resources is a major challenge to the country’s development. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact population dynamics has had on land use/cover in Mandura district. Data on population over time were taken from the CSA during the 1984, 1994 and 2007 national census results. A total of 210 farm households from three kebeles: 105 from the local people and 105 from migrants were surveyed in May 2011 to acquire data on socioeconomic, land use, resource use and management. Aerial photographs of 1957, 1982 and SPOT-5 image of the 2006/07 were used to generate data on land use/cover changes. The results indicate that population has substantially increased, more than fourfold between 1957-2006/07, mainly due to migration from the surrounding areas, government sponsored resettlements, and flourishing of new urban centers. No less important is mortality has decreased due to immunization and the birth rate has been increasing due to improved maternal and child care as compared to the situation prior to the 1990s. The change on land use/cover show that from the total land use/cover conversions, which totals 58,403 ha of land, farm land constitutes 90.1 %. The study finds natural population increase, migration, urbanization, agricultural extensification, institutional weakness, land tenure insecurity, famine and drought, and poverty as root causes. The study further identifies existence of all weather road, resettlement, Tana-Beles project, expansion of agriculture, land colonization, wood extraction for fuel, and soil fertility decline as direct causes of land use/cover changes. As a result of change of customary land tenure system, the local population has been forced to engage in extractive economic activities that have never been practiced in the past. Therefore, the study calls for coordinated efforts for resources use and management at different levels, land use policy formulation, devising alternative sources of livelihoods and fuel, regulating migration and involvement of the wider community in policy formulation and implementations.
Geography
D. LITT. et. Phil. (Geography)
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4

Tegegn, Melakou. "Structural and conjunctural constraints on the emergence of a civil society/democracy in Ethiopia, 1991-2005." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1335.

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This thesis examines the structural and conjunuctural constraints that inhibit the emergence of a civil society and democracy in Ethiopia, 1991-2005. Freedom and democracy are taken as precondition for development and social transformation. It introduces a model of how state and society relationship affects development and social transformation in transitional societies placing freedom as a pivotal link. The thesis establishes a marked continuum in the modalities of state and society relationship throughout the three post-War governments in Ethiopia. It examines the current state/society relationship and highlights lack of freedom as the major constraint. This is examined against the backdrop of what the historical realm for social change in post-War Ethiopia is, namely freedom and democracy. It examines the policies of the current government (EPRDF) on non-state organizations, the 'theoretical' rationales it advanced and how the perceptions that the ruling party held back in 1975 haven't changed. It holds that the government exacerbated the problem of the fragile relationship it had with society. The thesis also examines the government's policy on ethnicity as the 'rationale' that governs the functions of its institutions of governance and deconstructs the concepts of EPRRDF's "revolutionary democracy", the dichotomy between quality and quantity as well as between cadres and experts. It also deconstructs the EPRDF's thesis on the "national question" both in terms of its claims to have proceeded from the positions of the old student movement on the one hand and from the Marxian theoretical perception on the "national question" on the other. The analysis is extended to examine, within the poverty-unfreedom nexus, the development challenges that Ethiopia currently faces. Four major development challenges are advanced for examination: gender, environment, rural development and population. The thesis concludes that the EPRDF has failed to resolve these structural problems. EPRDF's exclusion of the nascent civil society, suppression of freedom and official political opposition are taken as the main factors behind the failure. The case of the 2005 elections is presented as a sequel to the thesis.
Sociology
D.Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)
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Books on the topic "Ethiopia – Population policy"

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Fund, United Nations Population. UNFPA in Ethiopia, 1972-1994. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: United Nations Population Fund in collaboration with the National Office of Population, 1994.

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An annotated bibliography of population and reproductive health researches in Ethiopia, 2002-2007. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Population Dept., Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, 2008.

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Ethiopia. YaGanzabenā yaʼikonomi lemāt ministér. Population Affairs Directorate. Assessment of integrating of population issues into development plans and human capacity needs for the implementation of the national population policy of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Population Affairs Directorate, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, 2011.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Ethiopia update: Forced population removal and human rights : hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, March 6, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ethiopia – Population policy"

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Griffin, Keith. "Population Policy: Two Issues." In The Economy of Ethiopia, 275–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12722-1_12.

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2

Hailemariam, Assefa, Solomon Alayu, and Charles Teller. "The National Population Policy (NPP) of Ethiopia: Achievements, Challenges and Lessons Learned, 1993–2010." In The Demographic Transition and Development in Africa, 303–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_15.

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Wagino, Abbebe Marra, and Teshale W. Amanuel. "Community Adaptation to Climate Change: Case of Gumuz People, Metekel Zone, Northwest Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2339–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_244.

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AbstractThe effect of climate change on agricultural-dependent communities is immense. Ethiopia in which more than 85% of its population is agrarian is affected by climate change. Communities in different parts of the country perceived climate change and practice different climate change adaptation strategies. This chapter was initiated to identify adaptation strategy to the impact of changing climate. Data on a total of 180 households were gathered using structured and semi-structured questioners. Focus group discussion and key informant interview were also used for data collection. Climatic data from the nearest meteorological stations of the area were collected and used in this chapter. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The upshot indicated that all the respondent communities experienced at least one of autonomous/self-adaptation strategies to cope and live with the impacts of changing climate. Though 33.6% complained on its accessibility and pricing, 66.4% of the respondents reviled as they do not have any awareness on improved agricultural technologies. The major adaptation strategies identified were collecting and using of edible wild plants and other forest products, hunting, renting/selling of own farm lands, livestock sell, selling of household materials/assets, collecting and selling of wood and wood products and depending on well-off relatives, using drought-resistant crop variety, changing cropping calendar, replanting/sowing, and increasing farmland size. Nevertheless, the communities are not yet fully aware and accessed to policy-driven options for climate change adaptation. Although they used different autonomous adaptation mechanisms, the households are not resilient to the current and perceived climate change. Finally, based on the findings, the recommendation is that besides encouraging the existing community-based adaptation strategies planned adaptation strategies have to be implemented: such as early-warning and preparedness programs have to be effectively implemented in the area, introduction of different drought-resistant locally adapted food crop varieties, and expansion of large-scale investment in the area has to be checked, and give due recognition to forest ecosystem–based adaptation mechanisms of the local community in the area.
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4

Ayenew, Melak Mesfin. "The Dynamics of Food Insecurity in Ethiopia." In Natural Resources Management, 1177–95. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch057.

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This paper assesses the dynamics of food insecurity in Ethiopia and tests policy options and scenarios that could alleviate the problem in the future. The study assess food security based on the pillars; food availability, access to food and stability. A System Dynamics model is designed which integrate population, market and food production sectors and is used to analyze past and future developments. Model results show that both the food supplies and the purchasing power of the population were insufficient for ensuring the required daily calorie intake of the population. Land degradation contributed considerably to the poor average productivity of the land. Policy analyses show that policy options such as land rehabilitation and capacity building for skilled use of agricultural land, and inputs need to be combined carefully to account for their different implementation times. Scenarios on average rainfall and food expenditure show that the food production and the purchasing power of the population are considerably influenced by erratic rainfall and economic growth respectively.
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5

Alemu, Kassa Teshager, and Victor Sevenia Madziakapita. "Resettlement, Sustainable Livelihoods, and Development in Africa." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 349–73. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3247-7.ch019.

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Resettlement has become a worldwide phenomenon in the development discourse. This phenomenon is mainly caused by population pressure, war or prolonged hostilities, irreversible environmental degradation, and development projects. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the effects of a planned government intra-regional resettlement program on the sustainable livelihoods of resettled households in Ethiopia. To this end, the combination of SLF and IRR models were used as the pillars of the theoretical and conceptual framework of the study. This study, based on mixed method design, concludes that the effects of planned resettlement on the sustainable livelihoods of resettlers were mixed and challenged the generic representation of the scheme as a success or a failure. The adverse effects were mainly due to policy gaps, the mismatch between policy and practice, poor inter-sectoral and inter-regional integration, and inadequate capacity building efforts. Recommendations are provided in line with these gaps.
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Mueller, Valerie, James Thurlow, Gracie Rosenbach, and Ian Masias. "Africa’s Rural Youth in the Global Context." In Youth and Jobs in Rural Africa, 1–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848059.003.0001.

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Governments in Sub-Saharan Africa are under enormous pressure to create more and better jobs for the region’s young and rapidly growing population. This chapter discusses how Africa’s demographic and economic transition differs than other developing regions. It then draws on Timmer’s Four Stages of Agricultural Transformation to conceptualize the unique role of youth participation in modernizing Africa’s agricultural sectors and rural economies. Thematic chapters covering trends in youth migration, national policy, and politics, as well as country case studies are included to shed light on whether the traditional model of agricultural transformation is still relevant for Africa today. Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal, and Tanzania feature as case studies due to distinctions in three key components of structural change: agricultural productivity growth, sectoral diversification, and speed of urbanization.
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Jember, Yidnekachew. "Land Use Land Cover Dynamics in Ribb Watershed and Its Implication to the Sustainability of Ribb Dam." In Geospatial Technologies for Effective Land Governance, 146–59. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5939-9.ch009.

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Land use land cover dynamics is a widespread phenomenon in many parts of Ethiopia and in Ribb watershed. The main objective of the research was assessing land use land cover dynamics and its implication to the sustainability of Ribb Dam in 1973, 1986, 2001, and 2016 by using Landsat image and household questioner. During the last 44 years, cultivated and settlement land and forest cover showed an increment from 26.29% to 54.89% and 9.45% to 12.86%, respectively. The bush land, grazing land, water body, and wetland, however, showed a relative decrement from 29.48% to 17.09%, 21.45% to 12.70%, 4.64% to 2.39%, and 8.70% to 0.08%, respectively. Population pressure, poverty, weak policy and institutional enforcement, and tenure insecurity revealed as a major cause of the change in land use land cover. Soil erosion, lack of fuel wood, and impact on livelihood are major consequences of land use land cover change.
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"period. Of these 14, only three, namely, the Philippines, Thailand and Sri Lanka, appeared at a rough glance, to have met the two balances. In most of the others, the rate of growth of food production, even when keeping abreast of population growth, was not sufficient to accommodate increases in food demand that should be allowed for at normal rates out of additional incomes. Mozambique, Ethiopia and Nicaragua put in a dismal showing with staggering declines in the index of per capita food production, although the reference period straddles the systemic breaks in these countries. India conforms to the general pattern of doing rather better in terms of the overall growth and, therefore, of the labour absorption experience than in terms of the food balance relation. Three conditional conclusions seem to be justified: that it is only in exceptional cases that both balances have been maintained; that in the majority of cases, the experience with regard to overall growth has been better than that for the food sector, implying imbalanced growth; and that in the overwhelming number of cases, the food balance has been grossly violated. A few additional points need to be made. First, the twin balances as discussed only provide a floor level: the balances could also be maintained at much higher growth rates. Second, even when the balances are met, it is possible that other mechanisms operate which lead to the violations of the conditions which the balances were meant to protect. Thus, food production and employment might be sufficient, but if the foodgrains are politically prices (as in India), the result might be similar, from the point of view of the poor, to the situation where the food balance is violated. So also, the rate of employ-ment increase might be high enough, but the labour participation rate might rise for certain groups of the population while it drops for others, again implying, from the point of those left out, a violation of the employment balance. Third, even where one or both balances are violated, it is possible that there is a positive per capita growth rate of income in aggregate terms. Indeed, high per capita growth rates are more likely to be characterised by food imbalances than not. Fourth, these imbalances are partly ascribable to the nature of the growth process, but usually also in part to the nature of planning and policy priorities of the state. What happens when there are imbalances? While the pressures set up by imbalances are similar, the manner in which they are absorbed, and hence the social burden of the adjustment is quite different in socialist as against capitalist economies. When the EB is violated, the average number of dependents per employed person rises. If alongside this, per capita incomes are rising, then the question becomes one of an equitable sharing of the restricted employment opportunities . W ithin a capitalist framework, there is no way for this to happen; in a socialist economy, where the entitlement to work is universally guaranteed, there is an inbuilt redistributive mechanism which shares out the available benefits of employment - albeit with greater gains for the employed - between the employed and the unemployed population. When the FB is broken, then in a capitalist economy, the inequality of the distribution of income leads to an inflationary process which raises the price of food suf-ficiently to establish a new equilibrium, but at a point where the post facto income elasticity of demand for food is low enough to equilibriate effective." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions, 17. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-3.

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Reports on the topic "Ethiopia – Population policy"

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Mante, Ofei D. Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up: Uneven Progress on Electrification. RTI Press, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0056.1811.

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This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.
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