Academic literature on the topic 'Ethiopia, relations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethiopia, relations"
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Adem, Seifudein. "China in Ethiopia: Diplomacy and Economics of Sino-optimism." African Studies Review 55, no. 1 (April 2012): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2012.0008.
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Abstract:This article examines the motive behind China's increased activities in Ethiopia in recent years and concludes that it lies in Ethiopia's perceived diplomatic usefulness. If China's relations with many African countries could be described as one of “infrastructure for natural resources,” the Sino-Ethiopian relationship can be described “infrastructure for diplomatic support.” After exploring the nature and scope of Ethiopia's relations with China and highlighting areas of divergence of interest, the article seeks to demonstrate how the convergence of interests between the two countries has ushered in a period of Sino-optimism among Ethiopia's elite and rising expectations among ordinary Ethiopians.
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Thompson, Daniel K. "Border crimes, extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the racialization of sovereignty in the Ethiopia–British Somaliland borderlands during the 1920s." Africa 90, no. 4 (August 2020): 746–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000303.
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AbstractThis article argues that the politics of extraterritorial jurisdiction in the 1920s reshaped relations between ethnicity and territorial sovereignty in Ethiopia's eastern borderlands. A 1925 criminal trial involving Gadabursi Somalis began as what Britons deemed a ‘tribal matter’ to be settled through customary means, but became a struggle for Ethiopia's regent, Ras Tafari, to assert Ethiopia's territorial authority and imperial sovereignty. British claims of extraterritorial jurisdiction over Somalis amidst 1920s global geopolitical shifts disrupted existing practices of governance in Ethiopia's eastern borderlands and created a dilemma for Ethiopian authorities. In order to uphold international obligations, Ethiopian officials effectively had to revoke their sovereignty over some Somalis indigenous to Ethiopia. Yet Britons’ practical application of extraterritoriality to Somalis was predicated on assumed racial differences between Somalis and highland Ethiopians (‘Abyssinians’). Thus, Ethiopia's recognition of British extraterritorial jurisdiction would lend legitimacy to claims exempting Somalis from Ethiopian sovereignty due to differences in identity. The case reveals how assertions about race, nationality and ‘tribal’ identity articulated to subordinate Ethiopian rule to British interests and, in the longer term, to delegitimize Ethiopian governance over Somalis.
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Crummey, Donald. "Ethiopia, Europe and Modernity: A Preliminary Sketch." Aethiopica 3 (September 2, 2013): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.3.1.569.
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This paper explores some of the issues of cultural epistemology which underlie the relations between Ethiopia and Europe. It briefly explores the origins of modern diplomatic contacts, arguing that the appropriation of modernity increasingly became a central concern of Ethiopia’s rulers in their relations with Europe. It then raises the question, if Europeanized modernity has increasingly marked Ethiopia in the twentieth century, how are we to discern Ethiopia’s contribution to this process? To what extent, in its modernization, has Ethiopia’s educated elite lost contact with an indigenous point of view? The paper argues that a critical appreciation of modernity in Ethiopia must be made against a background which historicizes the process whereby it came about, which takes fully into account the modes of reasoning embodied in Gǝʿǝz texts, and which privileges the views of those rural Ethiopians so lightly touched by modernity.
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Chekol, Yayew Genet. "Dynamics for Shifting the Ethio- Egyptian Hydro Political Relations." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i8.3492.
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The foremost intent of this study was to investigate the major dynamics that are reversing in Ethio-Egyptian hydro political relations. To attain this objective the researcher employed case study design, primary and secondary sources of data, and purposive sampling techniques. Despite the fact that perpetual national interests on Egyptian Nile water policy as national security issue, dynamics are revealing in the Nile basin which fosters to shift the relations of Ethiopia and Egypt hydro political relations on Nile water. Regarding with the findings of the study relative growing power of Ethiopia, Egyptians commitments on efficient utilization of water resource, Egyptian revolution, the signing of CFA by upper stream countries, the independence of South Sudan, the launching of GERD by Ethiopian, signing of DOPS by Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt on GERD are the new political dynamics in the Nile basin which geared to shift the relation of Ethiopia and Egypt.
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Venkataraman, Manickam, and Solomon M. Gofie. "The dynamics of China-Ethiopia trade relations: economic capacity, balance of trade & trade regimes." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-014-0007-1.
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China’s trade with Ethiopia currently at 1.3 billion USD annually is expected to rise to US$3 billion by 2015. This not only informs the level of bilateral trade ties that Ethiopia has had with China as compared to any other country in the region but also signifies the highest and the closest level of bilateral relations that Ethiopia has built upwith China over the past decade since the new government under Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) took over power in 1991. There have been extensive debates on China’s role in Africa - whether it could be viewed as a constructive partner or otherwise. This essay puts forward the argument that while trade ties as one important channel of bilateral relations that China has embarked with the outside world and particularly with Africa is uneven and lop-sided. This is true of the Ethiopian context as well particularly when we look at the economic capacity, balance of trade and at the two countries relations with international trade regimes. While China is a full member of WTO for over a decade Ethiopia on the other hand has been aspiring to become a member for some time now and hence one of the important aspect of Ethio-China trade relations is the heavy reliance on bilateral/international trade regimes. Therefore, this research is aimed at unraveling the dynamics in Sino-Ethiopia trade relations with emphasis on the economic capacity of the two countries, balance of trade and explore whether Ethiopia’s attempts to join WTO would lead to a more predictable trade relations between the two countries. In this attempt the research would largely rely on the analysis of relevant archival resources and literatures directly relating to the themes in this paper.
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Yahovkin, Anton. "Ethiopia and the Egyptian-Ethiopian conflict in the context of American-Ethiopian relations (1955 – 1957)." American History & Politics: Scientific edition, no. 12 (2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2021.12.5.
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In this article, the author aims to explore the place and role of Egyptian-Ethiopian relations during the Suez Crisis in US geopolitical strategies. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Suez Crisis on the East African region in the context of US foreign policy. Research methods. Historical-genetic method is used in the article, which gave an opportunity to explore the genesis of East African politics of the USA, to identify the main tendencies of this policy direction at every stage. A systematic approach was used for the comprehensive analysis of the USA East Africa policy in 1955–1957, which gave an opportunity to identify economic and geopolitical interests of the USA in East Africa, goals and objectives of major counties towards Egypt and Ethiopia, and to trace in this regard the attitude of the USA towards Ethiopia’s confrontation with Egypt. Conclusions. Despite the orientation of the Foreign policy of the emperor of Ethiopia to the USA and his attempts to satisfy the USA interests (including the allocation of a military base in Ethiopia), Haile Selassie I failed to fully attract not only American private fund but also to make Ethiopia one of the Foreign policy priorities of the USA government. Ethiopia was of no interest to the USA not only as a potential economic partner (it remained an agricultural country with obsolete modes of production), but also as a military ally. The USA supported some plans of the emperor of Ethiopia, for example the project of accession of Eritrea to the Ethiopian Empire, for the following reasons only:1. due to independent Eritrean country’s insolvency; 2. due to the necessity to maintain peace and order in the northeastern Africa, on the west coast of the Red Sea. «Right» was given to the Ethiopian Empire, which needed the access to the sea and which at that time had a relatively strong army capable to battle any inner reaction and to defend the borders of Eritrea, where American military bases were located.
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Dadoo, Yousuf. "LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL AFFINITIES: THE CASE OF ARABIC AND ETHIOPIAN LANGUAGES." Journal for Semitics 25, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 700–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2553.
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Multi-faceted relations between Ethiopia and South Arabia existed since the sixth century B.C. During the earlier phase, the Christian Ethiopians networked with their co-religionists. Later they interacted primarily with Muslim Arabs some of whom settled in Ethiopia either in search of religious sanctuary or for trade purposes. The Muslims entrenched themselves and established petty kingdoms between the ninth and fifteenth centuries C.E. Thereafter, they suffered huge reversals at the hands of their Christian compatriots who were assisted by the Portuguese colonial power. Over the last two centuries relations between these two religious groups suffered appreciably. Despite these mammoth problems, testimonies to the linguistic and cultural affinities between Ethiopia and Arabia are evident; illustrations of which are given in this article. They could be used as a springboard for improving relations between the two communities. The Ethiopian socio-political climate has improved since the installation of a new federal and democratically elected government. It behoves all relevant groups to grasp the mettle by doing more intensive and extensive research in topics like this one in order to trace commonalities between them.
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De Schutter, Helder. "Federalism as Fairness in Ethiopia." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 28, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 811–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-bja10045.
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Abstract In this contribution I apply the normative political theory of multinational federalism to the case of Ethiopia. Can the political philosophy of multinational federalism ground Ethiopian federalism, and does Ethiopia satisfy its moral demands? To do so, I examine the Ethiopian federal system from the perspective of four desiderata of multinational federalism: (1) national-cultural self-government, (2) solidarity, (3) central government, and (4) linguistic justice. While Ethiopia’s federal structure has scored well with respect to (1) national-cultural self-government and (2) solidarity, it does face problems of (3) federal togetherness and (4) recognition of internal linguistic minorities. In the article several ways to overcome the two last-mentioned problems are suggested, although the article places these problems in perspective, as they trouble many multinational federal states.
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Antigegn, Getahun Kumie. "An assessment of Ethio-China Political Economic Relations Since 1991." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-3-261-273.
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This piece of paper analyzes post-1991 Ethio-China political and economic relations by raising the following questions: What is the nature of the bilateral political and economic relations? What are the factors which enhanced the bilateral political and economic relations between Ethiopia and China? What are the arguments raised by different scholars about Ethiopia and China relations? There are a number of factors that contributed to the growth of bilateral relations. Ethiopia needs China for economic assistance; as an alternative source to the west and China’s development is generally considered as a role model for Ethiopia to follow. China also supports Ethiopia on different international issues. On the part of China, there are also several factors egging China to look towards Ethiopia especially in terms of Ethiopia’s strategic importance and market potential. Ethiopia could be a commercial launch pad for Chinese companies and China is also getting diplomatic support from Ethiopia for its policy on Taiwan among others. There are also common factors both from Ethiopia and China’s side which enhanced the bilateral relations. However, there are many arguments raised following Chinese deep engagement to Ethiopia. Among others on the economic front the bilateral relations are imbalanced; dumping of low price export; underbidding local companies and ideological differences among others.Generally, the paper agues the ethio-Chinese relations motivated by political and economic factors.
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Getahun, Solomon. "Brain Drain and Its Impact on Ethiopia's Higher Learning Institutions: Medical Establishments and the Military Academies Between 1970s and 2000." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 5, no. 3 (2006): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156915006778620052.
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AbstractAfrica is beset with problems that range from natural calamities to civil wars and epidemics such as HIV-AIDS. Ironically, countries like Ethiopia, which badly need trained manpower, continued to lose highly skilled professionals, both military and civilian, to Western Europe and the United States. Ethiopia, for instance, loses more than a third of all its students who were sent for further education to Europe and the U.S. This is in addition to those who leave the country for various reasons but refuse to return home and those educated Ethiopians who became refugees in African countries. One of the consequences of the outflow of highly educated Ethiopians is that today there are more Ethiopian professionals, including MDs, working in the U.S. than in Ethiopia. However, not all Ethiopian professionals are successful in practicing their profession. Among these professionals, highly trained military officers constituted the largest group. They end up being taxi drivers and security guards; they represent the worst case of brain drain—brain hemorrhage. My paper will examine the causes and processes of migration of highly educated Ethiopians to the U.S. and its impact on higher education, both military and civilian, and health institutions in Ethiopia—a country with the least developed higher education establishments, even by African standards, and one of the worst HIV-AIDS affected areas in the world.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethiopia, relations"
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Gindaba, Jiregna. "Water and nutrient relations of selected tree species of Ethiopia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16050.
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Dissertation (PhD (Bosb))--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the water and nutrient relations of three indigenous deciduous tree species, viz., Cordia africana Lam., Croton macrostachyus Del., Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker and two widely planted eucalypts, viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh and Eucalyptus globulus Labill from Ethiopia. The study was organized as glasshouse and field observations in Ethiopia. Owing to the lack of baseline studies on the water and nutrient relations of the deciduous tree species, the glasshouse experiments involved a wide range of water and nutrient applications. Seedlings were grown with the supply of various levels of water and nutrients during which gas exchange, water potential, relative water content, tissue nutrient content and biomass production were measured. The field observations were limited to the study of surface root distribution and leaf nutrient composition of mature trees and their effects on soil nutrient pool. The observations were made on isolated trees and mixed or pure stands of trees in Badessa area, Eastern Ethiopia. The field site was selected because of the availability of the study species and suitability of the trees for the study. In the glasshouse, increased water deficit significantly reduced predawn leaf water potential, relative water content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, whole plant water use efficiency, plant height, diameter, leaf area and biomass production. Both of the eucalypts did not grow faster than the deciduous species under well-watered conditions unlike under water stress conditions. C. macrostachyus and C. africana had higher transpiration rates and tissue nutrient accumulations than the other species. They also demonstrated higher biomass allocation to roots than all the other species to support the intensive water and nutrient uptake rate. Due to the ability to re-orient its leaves to avoid direct solar irradiance, M. ferruginea maintained higher tissue water potential and relative water content than all the other species under water stress regimes. The impact of imposed drought was quick and more damaging to the eucalypts compared to the deciduous tree species indicating that the eucalypts may not survive extreme drought conditions unlike the deciduous species that drop their leaves and may remain dormant for weeks. The current study gave new experimental proof that E. globulus was more vulnerable to drought than E. camaldulensis. Soil N stress resulted in an overall reduction of tissue N concentration, N:P ratio, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic water use efficiency in all the species studied. Pants with high foliar nitrogen concentration had higher photosynthetic capacities indicating that N plays a key role in photosynthesis and growth of all the studied species. The current study showed that for all the tree species, more attention has to be given to soil N than to P as soil P had minor effects on the photosynthetic activities of plants of all species compared to N.The investigation on tissue nutrient composition confirmed that N:P ratio could be used to detect Plimitation in plants. However, N:P ratio could not distinguish between N-limitation and combined limitations of N and P. The study of isolated C. africana and C. macrostachyus trees on soils in Badessa, Eastern Ethiopia indicated improved soil N, P and K under tree canopies whereas no effects were observed on the other soil nutrients studied. Similar to glasshouse conditions, C. macrostachyus and C. africana produced extensive surface roots, interfering with crops grown in association. Due to their high nutrient cycling potential the net effect on soil was positive. Comparison of E. camaldulensis woodlot and a mixed stand composed of deciduous species indicated that the fine root biomass in the surface soil under E. camaldulensis was about three times that under the mixed stand. The fine root biomass of E. camaldulensis inside the stand and 10 meters away from the stand were comparable in the surface soils showing the presence of root competition with adjacent crops. Therefore, planting of E. camaldulensis in association or adjacent to croplands should be avoided. Nutrient and carbon pool of soil inside the mixed stand was generally higher than that of E. camaldulensis indicating that trees of the mixed stand recycled more nutrients to the soil.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verskille tussen water- en voedingstofverhoudings van drie inheemse blaarwisselemde boomsoorte te vergelyk, viz., Cordia africana Lam., Croton macrostachyus Del., Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker en twee bekende eucalyptus spesies, viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh en Eucalyptus globulus Labil van Etiopië. Die studie het bestaan uit kweekhuis- en veldobservasies in Etiopië. As gevolg van beperkte navorsing ten opsigte van water- en voedingstofverhoudings in bladwisselende boomsoorte, het die kweekhuis-eksperimente bestaan uit 'n wye verkeidenheid water- en voedingstoftoetse. Saailinge is gegroei deur verskillende vlakke van water- en voedingstowwe by te voeg. Gaswisseling, waterpotensiaal, relatiewe hoeveelheid water, hoeveelheid voedingstowwe en produksie van biomassa is gemeet. Die veldobservasies was beperk tot oppervlak-wortelverspreiding en blaarvoedingstof hoeveelhede van volwasse bome, sowel as die effek op grondvoedingstowwe. Observasies was beperk tot geïsoleerde, gemengde en een spesie opstande, in die Badessa area, Oos Etiopië. Die studiearea was gekies op grond van die voorkoms van die gekose boomsoorte, sowel as die toepaslikheid van die bome vir die studie. In die kweekhuis is gevind dat die verhoogte watertekort die pre-sonop blaarwaterpotensiaal, relatiewe hoeveelheid water, stomatiese geleiding, fotosintetiese tempo, heelplant water-gebruikseffektiwiteit, plant hoogte, diameter, blaararea en biomassa produksie beduidend verminder het. Nie een van die eucalyptus spesies het vinniger as die bladwisselende spesies onder voldoende hidrasie gegroei nie. Dit was egter nie die geval onder die waterbeperkte toestande nie. C. macrostachyus en C. africana het ‘n hoër transpirasie tempo sowel as weefselvoedingstof waardes gehad as die ander spesies. Hierdie boomsoorte se wortelbiomassa was ook meer as die ander spesies, om vir die tempo van water- en voedingstofopname te akkomodeer. As gevolg van die vermoë om blare te kan oriënteer om direkte sonlig te vookom, het M. ferruginea ‘n hoër water-weefselpotensiaal en relatiewe waterinname gehad in vergelyking met die ander boomsoorte in beperkte water toestande. Die impak van gëinisieerde droogte het vinnig voorgekom en het meer skade aan die eucalyptus aangerig in vergelyking met die bladwisselende boomsoorte. Dit dui aan dat die eucalyptus-spesie nie ekstreme droogte kan oorleef nie, waar bladwisselende spesies hul blare laat afval en vir weke aan een dormant kan bly. Hierdie studie gee eksperimentele bewyse dat E. globulus minder bestand is teen droogte as E. camaldulensis. Beperkte N in die grond het veroorsaak dat daar ‘n algemene vermindering van weefsel Nkonsentrasie, N:P ratio, fotosintetiese tempo, stomatiese geleiding en fotosintetiese watergebruiks effektiwiteit in al die bestudeerde spesies was. Plante wat oor hoër blaar-stikstofkonsentrasiesbeskik, het hoër fotosintetiese kapasiteite wat aandui dat N ‘n belangrike rol in fotosintese en die groei van al die bestudeerde spesies speel. Die oorhoofse bevindings van die studie was, dat daar meer aandag gegee moet word aan grond-N as P omdat grond-P net ‘n kleiner rol speel in die fotosintetiese aktiwiteite van plante van al die spesies in vergelyking met N. Die ondersoek na weefselvoedingstof hoeveelhede het bewys dat die N:P ratio gebruik kan word om P-tekorte in plante aan te dui. Die N:P ratio kan egter nie die verskil in N-tekorte en gekombineerde tekorte van N en P aandui nie. Die studie van die geïsoleerde C. africana en C. macrostachyus bome op grondtipes in Badessa, Oos Etiopië het verbeterde grond-N, P en K onder kroondak gebiede getoon, daar was egter geen verskille in die ander grondvoedingstowwe wat bestudeer is nie. In toestande gelykstaande aan die van die kweekhuis, het C. macrostachyus en C. africana meer oppervlaksswortels ontwikkel. Die toename aan oppervlakswortels het ingedring op gewasse wat in assosiasie gegroei is, dit het egter ‘n positiewe effek op die grond gehad as gevolg van die hoë voedingstof-siklus-potensiaal. Die E. camaldulensis opstand is gevergelyk met ‘n gemengde opstand van bladwisselende spesies waar daar gevind is dat die fynwortel biomassa in die oppervlak grond onder die E. camaldulensis ongeveer drie keer soveel was as die van onder die gemengde opstand. Kompetisie met aangrensende gewasse is aangeui deurdat die fynwortel biomassa van E. camaldulensis binne die opstand en 10 meter weg van die opstand vergelykbaar was in die oppervlakgronde. Dit dui dus aan dat die plant van E. camaldulensis in assosiasie of aangrensend aan gewasse vermy moet word. Die teenwoordigheid van voedingstowwe en koolstof in die grond van die gemengde opstand was oor die algemeen hoër as die van die E. camaldulensis. Dit is ‘n aanduiding dat die bome van die gemengde opstand meer voedingstowwe aan die grond verskaf.
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Driessen, Miriam. "Asphalt encounters : Chinese road building in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:160b0802-8bb6-4ddb-8bb1-e9c8cd3f11d7.
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Over the past decade, road construction has come to represent Chinese engagement with Ethiopia. This study considers the lives of Chinese workers at the lower end of one such project in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. By examining the ways in which Chinese road workers tried to make sense of daily life on the construction site, I reveal the inherent contradictions of a state rhetoric that promoted 'win-win cooperation' ('huying huli hezuo') and 'friendly collaboration' ('youhao hezuo') between China and Africa, and demonstrate the local manifestations of the much-debated 'China Model'. Initial expectations coloured by state narratives, as well as the migrants' own experiences with domestic development, stood in sharp contrast to realities on the ground. Convinced of the goodwill nature of their activities, Chinese workers were puzzled by and resentful of the apparent ingratitude of local Ethiopians, their lack of cooperation, and, worse, repeated attempts to sabotage the construction work. Chinese workers' struggles with development in Africa, I argue, should be understood in relation to their background as upwardly mobile rural migrants at the bottom of the corporate hierarchy, successors of engineers dispatched under Mao Zedong who had enjoyed a respectable reputation at home - a reputation current workers felt they were about to lose - and as citizens aware of their country's status in the world as superior to Africa and inferior to the West. The workers sought to live up to Chinese ideals of development by demonstrating and promoting the virtues of self-development, simultaneous development, and entrepreneurialism. Ethiopians, however, did not concede to these ideas, and their lack of cooperation stirred resentment and expressions of self-pity on the part of the Chinese, who blamed the Ethiopian labourers, their suzhi (human quality), and wenhua (culture) for the limited success of the projects. What Chinese workers failed to realise was that the attitude of Ethiopians was in fact a response to asymmetrical and contested power relations that did not allow for win-win cooperation and friendly collaboration.
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Woldemariam, Kasahun Reta. "A comparative case study of private investment and economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania, 1986-1996." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/482.
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This study examined the contribution of foreign direct investment to economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania from 1986 to 1996. Data for this study were obtained from the Ethiopian Investment Authority in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the Tanzanian Investment Promotion Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Other publications including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations Human Development Programme were also consulted. Using exploratory research method, this undertaking compared and contrasted foreign investment flows and the conditions under which the transfer of capital and technology help achieve the development objectives of the two countries. It also analyzed the investment policies and the role ofthe state in the transformation of the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania. The results of the study suggest that the expectation that foreign technology and capital are necessary to transform the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania is not fully confirmed. Moreover, the results of the study suggest that the investment policies were not reflective of the countries’ unique economic conditions. Additionally, the transformation of these economies from underdevelopment to development may be enhanced by strengthening the capacity of the state to build the human capital stock, provide reliable communication systems, and regulate anti-competitive practices.
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Lindqvist, Joseph. "Lord of the Nile : Explaining how the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has affected Ethiopian Foreign Relations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104183.
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The aim of this essay is to examine how the foreign relationships of Ethiopia has developed as a result of the construction and filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam between 2011 and 2021. This essay therefore asks: How has Ethiopia’s foreign relations with the EU, Egypt, Sudan and China changed, have those relationships become more conflictual or cooperative, and how could potential changes be explained using a constructivist perspective? Constructivism is used as a means of explaining changes in the statements, positions and policies of these countries through concepts such as “norms” and “identities”. It additionally utilizes concepts from other studies such as “Hydro-hegemony”, “Benefit Sharing” and “Ethiopian renaissance”. It uses the BAR-scale from Wolf et al. (2003) to determine the different stages of Ethiopia’s relationships. The study concludes that Ethiopia’s relationship with the EU and China have progressed positively as a result of the GERD, and they have now started considering Ethiopia a more equitable partner for further cooperation. The relationship with Egypt and Sudan initially improved, with new Ethiopian norms of cooperation and equitable utilization becoming mainstay. However, Ethiopia’s unilateral action during recent events broke these norms, and has turned the relations conflictual once again.
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Adeto, Yonas A. "Conflict Complexity in Ethiopia: Case Study of Gambella Regional State." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8860.
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The causes of violent conflicts in Ethiopia in general, and in Gambella in particular, are complex. Critically examining and explaining the causes entails going beyond labelling them solely in terms of one variable, such as 'ethnic conflict‘. The contestation of the study is that contemporary conflicts in Ethiopia have remained protracted, untransformed and recurring. This is largely because the past processes which gave rise to them were not properly taken into account and not properly comprehended, thereby giving rise to much superficiality in their explanations, inappropriate policies and a failure of efforts at apprehending them.
The thesis identifies four major factors and two contrasting narratives which have framed the analysis of conflict complexity in Gambella. Qualitatively designed, the study focuses mainly on the structural causes of violent conflicts since 1991 and how their constituent elements were conceived and explained by different actors.
First, asymmetrical centre-periphery relations entrenched in the state building processes of the imperial and military regimes, continued under the present regime rendering Gambella an object of extraction and repression. Consequently, competing claims of ownership of Gambella between the Anywaa and the Nuer ethnic groups evolved entailing shifting allegiances to the central government. Second, ethnic politics of the new social contract ushered in a new thinking of ‗each ethnic group for itself‘; it made ethnic federalism a means of consolidating the regime‘s political philosophy, depriving the local community of a genuine political representation, leading to broader, deeper and more serious violence. Third, land policy of the incumbent favoured its political party affiliates and foreign investors, thus inducing more violence. Finally, external dynamics impacted on internal conflict complexity.
The study has argued that single factor approaches are inadequate to explain what has constituted violent conflicts in Gambella since 1991; it has concluded that internal conflicts are complex, and their constituent elements are conceived of, and explained, differently by the local peoples and different levels of government. Nevertheless, given commitment and a political will, the local and national governments, as well as peoples at grassroots level, have the capacity to transform the present, and to prevent future violent conflicts in the region.
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Gadzala, Aleksandra Weronika. "China and Ethiopia : the political dynamics of economic relations in the new global order." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5ff4c53a-029e-42b5-a82b-1c13895ddf16.
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How can political science account for the decision of African states to strengthen their ties with China, often at the expense of other alliances and often in the face of economic risks? This thesis explores this question in the context of relations between Ethiopia and China, especially in the context of investments made by Chinese sovereign wealth funds in the Ethiopian economy. To begin to answer this question this thesis recasts the China-Africa debate to focus on African, i.e. Ethiopian, agency. The focus is on how Ethiopia's political leaders make foreign policy decisions and on the factors that shape their preferences. This focus reveals the influence of cognitive variables on their foreign policy decisions; the influence of their guiding ideology, 'revolutionary democracy,' is especially key. An analysis of Ethiopia's formal institutions demonstrates they are inadequate to explain the policy choices of Ethiopian leaders; they have been designed to reflect the concepts of revolutionary democracy. Using the language of prospect theory, a descriptive theory of decision-making under risk, this thesis contends that Ethiopian leaders select foreign policy options by weighing their possible outcomes as gains or losses relative to revolutionary democracy as their reference frame. Ethiopian leaders sanctioned China's finance of the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation despite the monopoly it gave to China and its impact on Ethiopia's debt. They formed a front company between Ethiopia and China's military industrial complexes despite its negative effects on economic development. They opened Ethiopia’s regions to Chinese capital although capital flows only to state-owned enterprises. Yet in each case, ideological objectives were advanced. This examination demonstrates how non-structural factors play a critical role in a bureaucratized state. Theoretical frameworks that account for these factors, like prospect theory, are therefore valuable to more robust understandings of Ethiopia, and Africa's, deepening relations with China.
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Berhanu, Kassahun. "Returnees, resettlement and power relations : the making of a political constituency in Humera, Ethiopia /." Amsterdam : VU University Press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38868326j.
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Adeto, Yonas Adaye. "Conflict complexity in Ethiopia : case study of Gambella Regional State." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8860.
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The causes of violent conflicts in Ethiopia in general, and in Gambella in particular, are complex. Critically examining and explaining the causes entails going beyond labelling them solely in terms of one variable, such as 'ethnic conflict‘. The contestation of the study is that contemporary conflicts in Ethiopia have remained protracted, untransformed and recurring. This is largely because the past processes which gave rise to them were not properly taken into account and not properly comprehended, thereby giving rise to much superficiality in their explanations, inappropriate policies and a failure of efforts at apprehending them. The thesis identifies four major factors and two contrasting narratives which have framed the analysis of conflict complexity in Gambella. Qualitatively designed, the study focuses mainly on the structural causes of violent conflicts since 1991 and how their constituent elements were conceived and explained by different actors. First, asymmetrical centre-periphery relations entrenched in the state building processes of the imperial and military regimes, continued under the present regime rendering Gambella an object of extraction and repression. Consequently, competing claims of ownership of Gambella between the Anywaa and the Nuer ethnic groups evolved entailing shifting allegiances to the central government. Second, ethnic politics of the new social contract ushered in a new thinking of ‗each ethnic group for itself‘; it made ethnic federalism a means of consolidating the regime‘s political philosophy, depriving the local community of a genuine political representation, leading to broader, deeper and more serious violence. Third, land policy of the incumbent favoured its political party affiliates and foreign investors, thus inducing more violence. Finally, external dynamics impacted on internal conflict complexity. The study has argued that single factor approaches are inadequate to explain what has constituted violent conflicts in Gambella since 1991; it has concluded that internal conflicts are complex, and their constituent elements are conceived of, and explained, differently by the local peoples and different levels of government. Nevertheless, given commitment and a political will, the local and national governments, as well as peoples at grassroots level, have the capacity to transform the present, and to prevent future violent conflicts in the region.
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Fullmer, Susanna. "Determining Predictors of Peer Relations: A Study on Youth in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9084.
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Across the world countries are currently striving to eliminate poverty, improve the quality of education, optimize well-being, among other areas of improvement. In an effort to help such improvements, a group called Young Lives ran a longitudinal study on youth in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam that studied the many facets of poverty. The purpose of this study is to utilize the Young Lives dataset to determine how countries can more readily improve social-emotional skills by looking at important experiences in adolescents' lives. Specifically, this study examines what factors increase a child's ability to socialize with peers, which is shown to be linked to higher academic success as well as a fuller development into adulthood. In order to measure the ability to socialize with peers, Young Lives used the relationships with Peers Scale (RPS). I examined, through implementing structural equation modeling techniques, what factors significantly predict RPS scores, as well as which time point the factors are most predictive. I also inspected the psychometric properties of the RPS on the Young Lives' population and observed measurement invariance across time and country in order to ensure this scale is a valid measure. Steps to improve relationships with peers can be taken by encouraging higher intrinsic locus of control, providing equal educational opportunities, improving safety conditions, providing nutritional education, and eliminating competition for resources.
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Muluneh, Yitages Alamaw. "Supervisory power of the Centre to Regions in South Africa and Ethiopia: a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2680.
Full textBooks on the topic "Ethiopia, relations"
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David, Kessler. The Falashas: A short history of the Ethiopian Jews. 3rd ed. London: Frank Cass, 1996.
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Ethiopia and the world. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian International Institute for Peace and Development, 2006.
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Skinner, Robert Peet. The 1903 Skinner mission to Ethiopia: & A century of Ethiopian-American relations. Hollywood, CA: Tsehai, 2003.
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Ireland. Oireachtas. Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs. Project Ethiopia: Report. Dublin: Stationery Office, 2003.
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Erlikh, Ḥaggai. Ethiopia and the Middle East. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner Publishers, 1994.
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Tafla, Bairu. Ethiopia and Austria: A history of their relations. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1994.
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The politics of empire: Ethiopia, Great Britain, and the United States, 1941-1974. Lawrenceville, N.J: Red Sea Press, 1995.
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Kjetil, Tronvoll, ed. Brothers at war: Making sense of the Eritrean-Ethiopian war. Oxford: J. Currey, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ethiopia, relations"
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Woodwell, Douglas. "Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya." In Nationalism in International Relations, 99–128. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607200_6.
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Dibie, Josephine, and Robert A. Dibie. "Business and Government Relations in Ethiopia." In Business and Government Relations in Africa, 247–72. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge critical studies in public management: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315204987-11.
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Ayele, Zemelak A., and Yonatan T. Fessha. "Intergovernmental Relations and Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia." In Intergovernmental Relations in Divided Societies, 113–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88785-8_5.
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Kim, Eun Kyung, and Mark W. DeLancey. "Korea–Ethiopia Relations Since the Korean War." In South Korea’s Engagement with Africa, 103–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9013-6_5.
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Ziso, Edson. "Ethiopia-China Relations: An ‘Inside-Out’ Perspective." In A Post State-Centric Analysis of China-Africa Relations, 29–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66453-8_2.
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Hess, Steve, and Richard Aidoo. "The Political Staleness of China–Ethiopia Relations." In Charting the Roots of Anti-Chinese Populism in Africa, 79–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17629-1_5.
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von Heinegg, Wolff Heintschel. "International Economic Relations and Armed Conflict." In The 1998–2000 War between Eritrea and Ethiopia, 371–87. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-683-1_20.
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Abbink, Jan. "Transformations of Islam and Communal Relations in Wallo, Ethiopia." In Islam and Muslim Politics in Africa, 65–83. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607101_4.
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Heintschel von Heinegg, Wolff. "International Economic Relations and Armed Conflict." In The 1998–2000 Eritrea-Ethiopia War and Its Aftermath in International Legal Perspective, 449–67. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-439-6_20.
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Ziso, Edson. "Chinese Investment and New Modalities of State Intervention in Ethiopia." In A Post State-Centric Analysis of China-Africa Relations, 137–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66453-8_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ethiopia, relations"
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AL-KHAZRAGY, Layla Ashour Hajim, and Layla Ashour Hajim AL-KHAZRAGY. "WAYS TO ADDRESS THE WATER CRISES AND ACHIEVE WATER SECURITY (WATER DIPLOMACY AS A MODEL)." In 2. IJHER-International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress2-7.
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Water security is one of the most important challenges facing countries that suffer from scarce water resources, as it is an integral part of food security, development and sustainable development. These challenges will not be met without improving the management of water resources in the international rivers shared by states, and from here water diplomacy and negotiation play an important role in alleviating these challenges. As for water diplomacy, it is one of the new and unconventional diplomacy that has recently spread in the practices of relations And with the intensification of controversy over the issues of water distribution among the countries participating in international rivers, including (Egypt and Ethiopia) in the Nile Basin and (Iraq) in the Tigris and Euphrates basins. Key words: Water Crisis, Water Security, Water Diplomacy, Sustainable Development.
Reports on the topic "Ethiopia, relations"
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Mager, Franziska, Remnant Fiona, and Martin Walsh. Cash Cropping and Care: How cash crop development is changing gender relations and unpaid care work in Oromia, Ethiopia. Oxfam GB, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.1329.
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Bellwood-Howard, Imogen, and Helen Dancer. Politics, Power and Social Differentiation in African Agricultural Value Chains: The Effects of COVID-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.027.
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Since the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s, policymaking at a national and continental level has increasingly turned to agricultural commercialisation as the foundation for Africa’s long-term nutrition and food security. However, socio-economic inequalities, land tenure and food insecurity, as well as livelihood and income precarities remain widespread challenges. The effects of shocks, such as COVID-19, have overlaid emergent and entrenched patterns of social differentiation that shape access to resources, markets, and other opportunities for those involved in commercial agriculture. This paper considered the impacts of COVID-19 on value chains in Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, to ask: 1) What can political settlements analyses tell us about agricultural value chains and responses to COVID-19 in the countries studied? 2) How are structures and power relations throughout the value chains and actors’ responses to COVID-19 related to social differentiation in the context of African agriculture?
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Joyce, Jennifer A. Ethiopia's Foreign Relations With Israel: 1955-1998. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378841.
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Tiruneh, Dawit, Ricardo Sabates, Caine Rolleston, and John Hoddinott. Trends in Mathematics Learning in Ethiopia: 2012-2019. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/045.
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In this Insight Note, we explore the possible explanations for the decline in learning levels among primary school pupils in relation to the General Education Quality Improvement Programme (GEQIP) reforms that wereintended to improve quality and equity in the Ethiopian basic education system. We examine the extent to which mathematics learning levels for Grade 4 pupils have declined over time, despite the implementation of reforms to improve them, as well as the lessons that may be drawn from this. We also examine whether there is any difference in the benefits of the educational reforms for pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds (i.e., from rural areas, emerging regions, and from the lowest socio-economic background). We make use of a unique longitudinal dataset on 33 schools in six regions of Ethiopia covering the period 2012 to 2019.
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Erulkar, Annabel. Characteristics of brokers in relation to the migration of girls and young women in Ethiopia. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy17.1010.
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Tafere, Yisak, Louise Yorke, Pauline Rose, and Alula Pankhurst. Understanding the Influences on Girls' Primary Education in Ethiopia from the Perspectives of Girls and Their Caregivers. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/097.
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Over the past two and a half decades, significant progress has been made in relation to girls’ education in Ethiopia. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of girls’ progression, completion, and learning, with girls in more rural and remote areas facing the greatest difficulties. Drawing on data from the RISE Ethiopia qualitative study, we explore the factors at the individual, family, school, and community levels that impact girls’ education and learning from the perspectives of girls themselves. Specifically, we include the views of 15 female students enrolled in Grades 4 and 5 of primary school and of their parents/caregivers from five different regional states in Ethiopia, and across both rural and urban locations. We situate our analysis within the context of the government’s large-scale quality education reform programme (GEQIP-E) that has a specific focus on girls’ education. Our findings highlight the importance of taking account of the heterogeneity of girls’ experiences, including the varied challenges that diverse groups of girls face, and the different challenges they may encounter at distinct stages of their educational journeys. Our findings also highlight the importance of including the perspectives of girls and their families, within the context in which they are located.
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Kelly, Luke. Evidence on the Role of Civil Society in Security and Justice Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.031.
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This rapid review focuses on the role of civil society in SSR in several contexts. It finds that donor driven SSR is seen to have failed to include civil society, and that such efforts have been focused on training and equipping security forces. However, in some contexts, donors have been able to successfully develop civil society capacity or engage civil society groups in reforms, as in Sierra Leone. There are also several examples of security and justice reforms undertaken by local popular movements as part of regime change, namely Ethiopia and South Africa. In other contexts, such as Indonesia, the role of civil society has led to partial successes from which lessons can be drawn. The theoretical and empirical literature attributes several potential roles to civil society in SSR. These include making security and justice institutions accountable, mobilising a range of social groups for reform, publicising abuses and advocating for reform, offering technical expertise, and improving security-citizen relations. The literature also points to the inherent difficulties in implementing SSR, namely the entrenched nature of most security systems. The literature emphasises that security sector reform is a political process, as authoritarian or predatory security systems are usually backed by powerful, skilled and tenacious vested interests. Dislodging them from power therefore requires significant political will – civil society can be one part of this. The evidence base for the topic is relatively thin. While there is much literature on the theory of SSR from a donor perspective, there are fewer empirical studies. Moreover, scholars have identified relatively few successful examples of SSR. The role of civil society is found to be greater in more economically developed countries, meaning there is less discussion of the role of civil society in many African SSR contexts, for example (except to note its absence). In addition, most research discusses the role of civil society alongside that of other actors such as donors, security services or political elites, limiting analysis of the specific role of civil society.
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Bayley, Stephen, Darge Wole, Louise Yorke, Paul Ramchandani, and Pauline Rose. Researching Socio-Emotional Learning, Mental Health and Wellbeing: Methodological Issues in Low-Income Contexts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/068.
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This paper explores methodological issues relating to research on children’s socio-emotional learning (SEL), mental health and wellbeing in low- and lower-middle-income countries. In particular, it examines the key considerations and challenges that researchers may face and provides practical guidance for generating reliable and valid data on SEL, mental health and wellbeing in diverse settings and different cultural contexts. In so doing, the paper draws on the experience of recent research undertaken in Ethiopia to illustrate some of the issues and how they were addressed. The present study extends earlier 2018-2019 RISE Ethiopia research, expanding its scope to consider further aspects of SEL, mental health and wellbeing in the particular context of COVID-19. In particular, the research highlights that the pandemic has brought to the fore the importance of assessing learning, and learning loss, beyond academic learning alone.
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Kelln, Jocelyn, Line Richter, and Christine Fostvedt-Mills. Inclusive Participatory Research Through PhotoVoice: A Study on WASH and Nutrition in Afar, Ethiopia. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.011.
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Designing effective interventions requires the inclusion and buy-in of beneficiary communities; however, because of constraints and context, fully participatory research can be challenging. The Afar people of northern Ethiopia live in what can be considered the very definition of 'challenging contexts'. Largely nomadic pastoralists, they navigate a harsh and unforgiving landscape, often having to travel great distances for water. In 2020, FMC undertook a qualitative research study investigating the attitudes and practices of target communities in Afar relating to nutrition and WASH. Using PhotoVoice and community action planning methods, the project sought to ensure that all community members, particularly those most marginalised (women, those with low literacy and little formal schooling), were heard and felt like they had a stake in the research process. This SLH Learning Paper shares the most important findings, discusses the advantages and the challenges of using these methods, and speaks to the potential for their application in other challenging contexts.