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1
Antigegn, Getahun Kumie. "An Assessment of Religion, Peace and Conflict in the Post 1991 of Ethiopia." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-4-607-614.
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Religious violence has become increasingly relevant in political and academic discourses. Because of the revival of religions, the contemporary world cannot be understood without accounting for the role of religion and religious organizations in peace and conflict, including the case of Ethiopia. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of religion in peace and conflict in the post 1991 of Ethiopia. Methodologically, the paper employed qualitative research approach by relying on secondary sources of data. The findings of the research revealed that Ethiopia has many positive assets that have to be exploited fully and critically including the role of the Inter-Religious Council. The religious policies of the present Ethiopian government are remarkably different from any of the previous ones with regard to the measure of religious freedom they provide. Paradoxically, one may wonder why is it at this time, where religious freedom and equality of religion are guaranteed, we are witnessing increased tensions and violent religious conflicts in contemporary Ethiopia. Inter-religious relations in Ethiopia have been peaceful and tolerant for long period. However, the rise of inter-religious conflicts in recent decades is taking place. Generally, in contemporary Ethiopia religion is used both as an instrument for producing conflict in certain circumstances and as a powerful resource for peace and transformation of conflict in the society. On the whole, identifying the role of religion in conflict is a very complex task to accomplish, as there are multiple variables to be well-thought-out.
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Sonessa, Wondimu Legesse. "Rethinking Public Theology in Ethiopia: Politics, Religion, and Ethnicity in a Declining National Harmony." International Journal of Public Theology 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341609.
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Abstract Ethiopia is a country of multi-ethnic and multi-religious society. Almost all of its citizens claim affiliation with either Christianity, Islam, or African traditional religions. Adherents of these religions have been coexisting in respect and peace. However, there is a growing tension between the citizens since the downfall of the dictatorial military government of Ethiopia, which was displaced by the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. Politics, religion, and ethnicity are the major causes of the declining national harmony under the current government. My claim is that addressing the declining national harmony caused by the religious, political, and ethnic tensions in Ethiopia requires of the EECMY to rethink its public theology in a way that promotes a national harmony that values peace, equality, justice, democracy, and human flourishing.
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Karbo, Tony. "Religion and social cohesion in Ethiopia." International Journal of Peace and Development Studies 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2013): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijpds2013.0164.
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Manzo, Andrea. "Snakes and Sacrifices: Tentative Insights into the Pre-Christian Ethiopian Religion." Aethiopica 17 (December 19, 2014): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.17.1.737.
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Despite the recent efforts which were recently made in this field of study, our knowledge of the pre-Christian religion of Aksumite Northern Ethiopia remains very limited. This article presents the contribution that archaeology can make to debate on this topic. In particular, some archaeological finds from Betä Giyorgis, north of Aksum, and from Aksum itself which can be related to the cult of the snake and to the practice of human sacrifices are described. These finds, dating from the Proto-Aksumite (3rd–1st centuries B.C.) and the first part of the Aksumite (1st–4th centuries A.D.) periods, may support the reality of the cult of the snake and of the practice of human sacrifices, two elements characterizing the Ethiopian traditions related to Arwe, the mythic snake-king of Aksum. In the conclusions, these specific aspects which may have characterized the pre-Christian Ethiopian religion are put in a broader regional context, compared to what is known about similar cultic traits in the Nile valley, in the Near East, and in South Arabia. Possible links to be explored with further research covering the different traditions are suggested. Moreover, a possible evolution in the meaning of the snake in Ethiopia, from benevolent and helpful entity to dangerous monster, and, finally, to symbol of sin, is outlined.
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Rupprecht, Tobias. "Orthodox Internationalism: State and Church in Modern Russia and Ethiopia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 1 (January 2018): 212–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000469.
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AbstractRussia and Ethiopia, both multiethnic empires with traditionally orthodox Christian ruling elites, from the nineteenth century developed a special relationship that outlived changing geopolitical and ideological constellations. Russians were fascinated with what they saw as exotic brothers in the faith, and Ethiopians took advantage of Russian help and were inspired by various features of modern Russian statecraft. This article examines contacts and interactions between the elites of these two distant countries, and the changing relations between authoritarian states and Orthodox churches from the age of European imperialism to the end of the Cold War. It argues that religio-ethnic identities and institutionalized religion have grounded tenacious visions of global political order. Orthodoxy was the spiritual basis of an early anti-Western type of globalization, and was subsequently coopted by states with radically secular ideologies as an effective means of mass mobilization and control.
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Trento, Giovanna. "Madamato and Colonial Concubinage in Ethiopia: A Comparative Perspective." Aethiopica 14 (April 18, 2013): 184–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.14.1.419.
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Colonial concubinage in Ethiopia during the Italian occupation (1936–1941) has not been deeply studied yet. This article explores the peculiarities of the so-called madamato – that was banned under Fascism in 1937 but developed despite the racist legislation – by firstly comparing its practices in Ethiopia with that which took place from the late Nineteenth century in Eritrea. Indeed, on the Eritrean case a small body of significant literature already exists. In addition, by relying on both written and oral sources, this article highlights the relevance of local agency, the influence of “traditional” customs and religion, and the role played by Ethiopian women in the impact of and the shape taken by colonial concubinage in Ethiopia. It also points out some continuity between the colonial and post-colonial periods (in terms of social behaviors) and the complex roles played in local societies by Ethiopian-Italians and Eritrean-Italians (including the offspring of relationships based on concubinage). Furthermore, this article highlights that gender relations in the region during Italian rule were also affected by the fact that Italian colonialism in the Horn of Africa influenced to some extent the construction of Italian national identity and self-representation.
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Friedman, Galia Sabar. "Religion and the Marxist state in Ethiopia: The case of the Ethiopian Jews." Religion in Communist Lands 17, no. 3 (January 1989): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637498908431430.
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Mains, Daniel. "Drinking, Rumour, and Ethnicity in Jimma, Ethiopia." Africa 74, no. 3 (August 2004): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.3.341.
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AbstractThis paper is an investigation of the relationship between identity, politics, and rumours in Jimma, Ethiopia. The introduction of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia after the fall of the Marxist Derg regime in 1991 has been the topic of a significant amount of academic discussion, but little attention has been given to the day-to-day experience of this change. Consequently, post-1991 Ethiopian politics have been viewed primarily in terms of ethnic power struggles. An analysis of rumours that are circulated through casual conversation enables a better understanding of popular reactions to ethnic federalism. In particular, rumours regarding the drinking habits of Oromo Muslims and the political behaviour of Protestants reveal that ethnicity is closely intertwined with religion and nationalism. This analysis also demonstrates how a particularly Ethiopian form of discourse functions as a means both of resisting and coping with loss of political power and economic decline. Finally, it explores how international news media coverage of Christian–Muslim conflict and anxieties about globalisation are interrelated with local power struggles. In this paper, rumours are treated as a discourse that provides a window into the worldview of the speaker in order to explore how individuals negotiate political change and construct difference at the everyday level.
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Abbink, Jon. "Muslim Monasteries? Some Aspects of Religious Culture in Northern Ethiopia." Aethiopica 11 (April 26, 2012): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.11.1.151.
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This paper presents some preliminary observations on Sufi Muslim shrines or retreats in the Ethiopian Wällo region, places where local Muslim holy men or ‘saints’ lead the faithful and act as religious mediators and advisors. Some of these retreats of Sufi Muslims have a ‘monastic’ character, and allow males and females a life of reflection and devotion to God. An obvious parallel with Christian monasteries presents itself, referring to a partly shared religious culture. Some reflections on the extent and nature of this similarity are made, and the need for a fresh approach to the study of religion in Ethiopia/Africa, in the context of contemporary debates about religious identity and the hardening of communal boundaries, is underlined.
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Tiruneh, Sofonyas Abebaw, Ayenew Molla Lakew, Seblewongel Tigabu Yigizaw, Malede Mequanent Sisay, and Zemenu Tadesse Tessema. "Trends and determinants of home delivery in Ethiopia: further multivariate decomposition analysis of 2005–2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e034786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034786.
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the trends and factors that had contributed to the change in home delivery in Ethiopia over the last decade.Design, setting and analysisA nationally representative repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted using 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. Multivariate decomposition logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant factors that have been contributed to the change in home delivery. Level of statistical significance was declared at a two-sided p value <0.05.Outcome measureTrends of home delivery.ParticipantsA total of 33 482 women were included.ResultsHome delivery has been decreased by 21% over the last decade in Ethiopia. In the last decade, 39% of the decrements in home delivery attributed to change in women’s compositional characteristics. Antenatal care visits, educational status of the women and husband, birth order, religion, wealth index and distance from a health facility were the main sources of compositional change factors for the change of home delivery. Behavioural changes towards health facility delivery contributed approximately two-thirds of the decline of home delivery in Ethiopia. Antenatal care visits, birth order and religion have significantly contributed to the change of home delivery resulted from behavioural changes towards healthcare facility utilisation over the last decade.ConclusionDespite the importance of health facility delivery, a significant number of women still deliver at home in Ethiopia. Women’s compositional characteristics and behaviour changes were significantly associated with the change in home delivery. Multisectoral educational intervention is needed to change women’s attitudes towards home delivery. Antenatal care coverage and healthcare facility coverage should increase thereby to improve healthcare facility based-delivery practice. Further research needs to be done to explore the potential barriers of health facility delivery from a religious perspective.
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D'Haene, Eline. "The Devil is in The Detail: Disclosing The Impact of Religion on the Milk System in Ethiopia." Afrika Focus 33, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03302011.
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The influence of religion within food systems in developing economies has been understated in scholarly studies. With its different Christian, Islamic, and traditional faiths, Ethiopia offers a promising field for investigating the impact of religion on the milk system, the most important animal protein source in Ethiopian diets. In a first chapter, we investigate how the presence of a religious fasting period influences household milk intake in the country. The second and third chapter explore how milk producers have adapted to the demand seasonality caused by religious fasting practices in two different major milk production areas. In the two final chapters we investigate if and how religious ties facilitate milk transactions. This dissertation concludes that religious fasting practices have a clear impact on milk consumption and production in the country, thereby creating considerable market inefficiencies. Furthermore, we find evidence of market coordination problems along
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Haustein, Jörg, and Emma Tomalin. "Religion, Populism, and the Politics of the Sustainable Development Goals." Social Policy and Society 20, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474642000072x.
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This article examines the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) framework as a political project in tension with its universal and multilateral aspirations to serve as a counterbalance to narrow populist visions increasingly dominating global politics. Building upon Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of populism and their notion of ‘radical democracy’, we conceptualise the SDGs as a struggle for hegemony and in competition with other styles of politics, over what counts as ‘development’. This hegemonial struggle plays out in the attempts to form political constituencies behind developmental slogans, and it is here that religious actors come to the fore, given their already established role in organising communities, expressing values and aspirations, and articulating visions of the future. Examining how the SDG process has engaged with faith actors in India and Ethiopia, as well as how the Indian and Ethiopian states have engaged with religion in defining development, we argue that a ‘radical democracy’ of sustainable development requires a more intentional effort at integrating religious actors in the implementation of the SDGs.
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Desalegn, Beruk, Christine Lambert, Simon Riedel, Tegene Negese, and Hans Biesalski. "Ethiopian Orthodox Fasting and Lactating Mothers: Longitudinal Study on Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status in Rural Tigray, Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081767.
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About half of Ethiopians belong to the Orthodox Tewahedo religion. Annually, more than 200 days are dedicated to religious fasting, which includes abstaining from all types of food, animal source foods, and water. However, the association of fasting with undernutrition remains unknown in Ethiopia. Therefore, dietary pattern and nutritional status of lactating women during lent fasting and non-fasting periods were studied, and predictor variables for maternal underweight were identified. To achieve this, lactating mothers in lent fasting (N = 572) and non-fasting (N = 522) periods participated from rural Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Average minimum diet diversity (MDD-W) was computed from two 24-h recalls, and nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI). Binary logistic regression was used to identify potential predictors of maternal underweight. Wilcoxon signed-rank (WSRT) and McNemar’s tests were used for comparison of the two periods. The prevalence of underweight in fasting mothers was 50.6%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, younger age, sickness in the last four weeks preceding the survey, fasting during pregnancy, lactation periods, grandfathers’ as household decision makers, previous aid experience, non-improved water source, and not owning chicken were positively associated with maternal underweight. In WSRT, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference on maternal body weight and BMI between periods. The average number of meals, diet diversity, and animal source foods (ASFs), consumption scores were significantly increased in non-fasting compared to fasting periods in both fasting and non-fasting mothers (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, respectively). Consumption of dark green leafy vegetables was higher in the fasting period (11%) than non-fasting (3.6%), in the study population. As a conclusion, Ethiopian Orthodox fasting negatively affected maternal nutritional status and dietary pattern in rural Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. To reduce maternal malnutrition in Ethiopia, existing multi-sectoral nutrition intervention strategies, should include religious institutions in a sustainable manner.
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Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, and Tadele Amare Zeleke. "Spatial Distribution and Factors Associated with Khat Chewing among Adult Males 15-59 Years in Ethiopia Using a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis." Psychiatry Journal 2020 (April 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8369693.
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Background. Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and widely practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic, and mental health. There is variation in khat cultivation, use, and factors that associated with khat chewing in the Ethiopian regions. Therefore, this study is aimed at showing spatial distribution and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods. A total of 12,594 men were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to show the spatial distribution of chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with khat chewing. A P value < 0.05 was taken to declare statistically significant predictors. Results. The EDHS 2016 survey showed that the high proportion of chewing khat was found in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (LLR=946.60, P value < 0.001) were identified. Age group 30-44 years old (AOR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.86) and 45-59 years old (AOR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion followers (AOR=15.03, 95% CI: 11.90, 18.90), media exposed (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), had work (AOR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.08, 2.95), alcohol drinker (AOR=3.75, 95% CI: 3.10, 4.53), and region (Afar, Amhara, Benishangul Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromia, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR), and Tigray) and two cities (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa) were statistically significant factors affecting chewing khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of khat chewing among adult men was nonrandom. A high proportion of khat chewing was observed in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Older age group, being single marital status, alcohol drinker, media unexposed, had no work, and Muslim religion follower were factors affecting khat chewing. Policymakers should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat by teaching the health impact of khat chewing through media in the identified regions.
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Griffioen, Sander. "Mohammed Girma, Understanding Religion and Social Change in Ethiopia. Toward a Hermeneutic of Covenant. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2012. 240 pages. ISBN 978-1-137-269416." Philosophia Reformata 78, no. 2 (November 17, 2013): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000554.
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Debele, Serawit Bekele. "Religion and politics in post-1991 Ethiopia: making sense of Bryan S. Turner’s ‘Managing Religions’." Religion, State and Society 46, no. 1 (July 18, 2017): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2017.1348016.
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Mammo, Abate. "Factors responsible for childhood mortality variation in rural Ethiopia." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 2 (April 1993): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020514.
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SummaryThis paper uses the 1981 National Rural Demographic Survey to document childhood mortality variations in rural areas of Ethiopia. Four significant findings are highlighted. (1) Health status of parents is identified as an important determinant of childhood mortality. (2) Religion, region of residence and ethnicity interact in their effects on childhood mortality and the effect of ethnicity varies in different regions for the same religion; in some areas ethnicity may serve as a proxy for economic and cultural differences. (3) Childhood mortality is inversely related to literacy status of parents, which may also reflect socioecomic status. (4) The data show a clear difference in childhood mortality between the famine-prone areas and the rest.
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TORCINI CORAZZA, M. "State and Religion in the Constitution and Politics of Ethiopia." European Journal for Church and State Research - Revue européenne des relations Églises-État 9 (January 1, 2002): 351–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ejcs.9.0.505231.
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TORCINI CORAZZA M. "State and Religion in the Constitution and Politics of Ethiopia." European Journal for Church and State ResearchRevue europ?enne des relations ?glises-?tat 9, no. 1 (April 14, 2005): 351–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ejcs.9.1.505231.
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Abbink, J. "Religion in public spaces: Emerging Muslim-Christian polemics in Ethiopia." African Affairs 110, no. 439 (February 23, 2011): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr002.
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Shenk, Calvin E. "The Ethiopian Orthodox Church: A Study in Indigenization." Missiology: An International Review 16, no. 3 (July 1988): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968801600301.
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The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is a fascinating study in indigenization. Its deep rootage in the lives of the people is evidenced by the way in which the Church has been preserved since the fourth century in spite of repeated threats from enemies within and outside of Ethiopia. The church has Christianized important aspects of Old Testament and Hebrew culture as well as certain remnants of primal religion. It adapted beliefs and symbols which reflected and reinforced African traditions, and either absorbed or transfigured that which suited its purposes. The Ethiopian Church is an indigenous church, not an indigenized one. The process of its indigenization is described and important lessons from this rather natural development are identified that help in understanding the importance of critical contextualization. The successes and failures of the Ethiopian Church provide perspective for contemporary attempts at contextualization. This study is significant for understanding African Christianity but also has missiological implications for the wider world.
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Handebo, Simegnew, Setognal Birara, Ayenew Kassie, Adane Nigusie, and Wallelign Aleminew. "Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey." BioMed Research International 2020 (July 23, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4141370.
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Background. Smoking invariably has health, social, economic, and environmental consequences in Ethiopia. Reducing and quitting cigarette smoking improves individual health and increases available household funds for food, education, and better economic productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing cigarette smoking intensity and associated factors among male smokers in Ethiopia. Methods. The data were extracted from the 2016 national cross-sectional Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Our study used data from the standardized and adapted men’s questionnaire. The study included a total of 391 (weighted) smokers who at least smoked one manufactured cigarette per day. The data were collected using a two-stage cluster design which includes selection of enumeration areas and then selection of households. The number of manufactured cigarettes smokers smoked per day was used to measure smoking intensity. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study findings. Bivariable and multivariable truncated negative binomial Poisson regression models were employed to determine smoking intensity. Results. The finding showed that on average men smoked weighted nine cigarettes per day. One in every five of the smokers (21.2%) smoked 10 cigarettes per day. Smokers living in rural areas (IRR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.244, 0.756), currently married (IRR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91), formerly married (IRR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.96), richer men (IRR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.90), and richest men (IRR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.87) were associated with lower smoking intensity. Smokers in the Somali (IRR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.11), Harari (IRR=3.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 10.51), and Dire Dawa (IRR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.80) regions; older age (IRR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.40); affiliated with Protestant religion (IRR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.92); poorer men (IRR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.27); watched television (IRR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35); drunk alcohol (IRR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.82); and completed primary (IRR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 0.317) and higher education (IRR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.88, 4.67) were positively associated with smoking intensity. Conclusion. Male smokers in Ethiopia smoked intensively with an average of nine manufactured cigarettes per day. Tobacco control interventions should target the following: Eastern Ethiopia regions, older aged, affiliated with Protestant religion, poorer men, watched television, drunk alcohol, and primary and higher educational level.
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Kabha, Mustafa, and Haggai Erlich. "AL-AHBASH AND WAHHABIYYA: INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAM." International Journal of Middle East Studies 38, no. 4 (October 25, 2006): 519–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743806412459.
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Islam is a universal religion and culture. Scholars who tend to focus on Islam in specific societies may overlook connections that, over the centuries, were important in shaping various Islamic intercultural dialogs. One case in point is the role of Ethiopia in the history of Islam. Although situated next door to the cradle of Islam, Ethiopia conveniently has been perceived by many Western historians of the Arab Middle East as an African “Christian island,” and as largely irrelevant. In practice, however, the Christian-dominated empire has remained meaningful to all Muslims from Islam's inception. It has also been the home of Islamic communities that maintained constant contact with the Middle East. Indeed, one of the side aspects of the resurgence of political Islam since the 1970s is the emergence in Lebanon of the “The Association of Islamic Philanthropic Projects” (Jamעiyyat al-Mashariע al-Khayriyya al-Islamiyya), better known as “The Ethiopians,” al-Ahbash. Its leader came to Beirut from Ethiopia with a rather flexible interpretation of Islam, which revolved around political coexistence with Christians. Al-Ahbash of Lebanon expanded to become arguably the leading factor in the local Sunni community. They opened branches on all continents and spread their interpretation of Islam to many Islamic as well as non-Islamic countries. This article is an attempt to relate some of the Middle Eastern–Ethiopian Islamic history as the background to an analysis of a significant issue on today's all-Islamic agenda. It aims to present the Ahbash history, beliefs, and rivalry with the Wahhabiyya beginning in the mid-1980s. It does so by addressing conceptual, political, and theological aspects, which had been developed against the background of Ethiopia as a land of Islamic–Christian dialogue, and their collision with respective aspects developed in the Wahhabi kingdom of the Saudis. The contemporary inner-Islamic, Ahbash-Wahhabiyya conceptual rivalry turned in the 1990s into a verbal war conducted in traditional ways, as well as by means of modern channels of Internet exchanges and polemics. Their debate goes to the heart of Islam's major dilemmas as it attracts attention and draws active participation from all over the world.
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Naty, Alexander, Morie Kaneko (ed.), and Masayoshi Shigeta (ed.). "The ak’aat k’aal movement among the Aari people of south-west Ethiopia." Aethiopica 9 (September 24, 2012): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.9.1.240.
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Students of African studies have reported a variety of religious movements under the rubric of independent churches. These include the Cherubim and Seraphim, the Church of the Lord, the Church of Simon Kimbangu, the Zionist and Ethiopianist’s independent churches in southern Africa. Most of these churches emerged in those countries that were under European colonial domination. Ethiopia did not experience European colonialism. Indeed, imperial Ethiopia conquered militarily less powerful kingdoms and chiefdoms that were located to the south and south-western of the then Abyssinia. The conquest of formerly independent populations in southern Ethiopia during the late nineteenth century introduced unequal power relations between the indigenous people and the new settlers. This paper examines the evolution of a religious movement referred to as ak’aat k’aal among the Aari people of south-west Ethiopia in the context of the indigenous forms of domination. Although the movement was short-lived, it was meant to enable the Aari to cope with the social psychological stress that the serfdom system generated. The Aari were not able to practice their traditional religion because of the serfdom. Therefore, they had to abandon their religion. However, doing this without finding a substitute was incompatible with Aari religious ideology. The ak’aat k’aal was a substitute just for a short period. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
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D’Haene, Eline, Sam Desiere, Marijke D’Haese, Wim Verbeke, and Koen Schoors. "Religion, Food Choices, and Demand Seasonality: Evidence from the Ethiopian Milk Market." Foods 8, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8050167.
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The impact of religious behavior on food systems in developing economies has been understated in scholarly studies. With its different Christian, Islamic, and traditional faiths, Ethiopia emerges as a suitable country to investigate the impact of religious practices on demand. The inclusion of livestock products in Ethiopian diets is extremely low, even by African standards, a phenomenon often explained by supply and marketing problems combined with low income levels. We deviate from this dominant narrative and single out the impact of religion. We show how fasting practices of Orthodox Christians, the largest religious group, affect milk intake decisions and channels through which consumed milk is sourced. Employing country-wide data collected by the Living Standards Measurement Studies, we find, as expected, that Orthodox fasting adversely affects milk consumption and decreases the share of milk sourced from own production in Orthodox households, an effect we quantify in this paper. Moreover, we observe spillover effects of Orthodox fasting on other religious groups in dominant Orthodox localities. Our findings improve understanding of the broader societal implication of religiously inspired consumption rituals and underscore the challenges resulting from religion-induced demand cycles to design policies that aim at developing the livestock sector.
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Tolera, Assefa. "Interrogating Religious Plurality and Separation of State and Religion in Ethiopia." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 33, no. 1 (2017): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eas.2017.0002.
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Østebø, Terje, Kjetil Tronvoll, and Marit Tolo Østebø. "Religion and the ‘Secular shadow’: responses to covid-19 in Ethiopia." Religion 51, no. 3 (June 19, 2021): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0048721x.2021.1943769.
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Ahmed, Arif, and Mohammad S. Zahangir. "The Impact of Education and Residence on Current Use of Contraception in Ethiopian Women." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 9 (July 31, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n9p182.
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BACKGROUND: Maternal and infant mortality is high in Ethiopia. An underlying cause of maternal and infant mortality is unintended pregnancy, which is inversely associated with contraceptive use. Hence, the use of contraception can necessarily be increased to reduce the mortality rate of mother and infant.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the effect of educational attainment and place of residence on contraceptive use among Ethiopian women of childbearing ages.
METHODS: Data are obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) and total 10 223 women aged 15–49 years are analyzed in this study. Both unadjusted and adjusted multivariate logistic regression models are employed to examine the effect of exposure variables on contraceptive use.
RESULTS: It can be seen that only around 36% of Ethiopian women used any of the contraceptive methods. In the case of contraceptive use, a significantly higher odds is observed for women with secondary or higher education with respect to those who were illiterate (e.g., OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.19–1.93 after adjusting for total children ever born, number of living children, desire of more children, wealth index, respondent currently working, region and religion; and OR=2.53, 95% CI: 2.05–3.13 for unadjusted model). Urban women had also a significantly higher odds for contraceptive use than their rural counterparts (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.42–2.51 by adjusted model for the above confounders, and OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.81–2.73 by unadjusted model).
CONCLUSION: The findings reveal that both educational improvement and urbanization may increase the use of contraception among women in Ethiopia.
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Workneh, Firehiwot, Michelle Eglovitch, Tigest Shiferaw, Fisseha Shiferie, Hanna Amanuel, Amare Worku Tadesse, Alemayehu Worku, Sheila Isanaka, Anne CC Lee, and Yemane Berhane. "Dietary Practices Among Pregnant Women in Rural Amhara, Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_080.
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Abstract Objectives Malnutrition affects 25% of women in Ethiopia. We are conducting a study to determine the impact of a prenatal nutrition intervention on maternal and infant health in Ethiopia. The objective of this formative study was to better describe dietary practices among pregnant women and community members in rural Ethiopia prior to initiation the parent study. Methods This formative study was conducted from October-November 2018 among pregnant women and community members in the rural Amhara region of Ethiopia, prior to the “Enhancing Nutrition and Antenatal Infection Treatment (ENAT)” study [ISRCTN15116516]. 28 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted among 16 pregnant women and 12 community members. IDIs were recorded, transcribed, and translated. We used a grounded theory approach and inductive reasoning for content analysis of interview transcripts. Results Fasting norms in the Ethiopian Orthodox religion had a significant impact on dietary behaviors which occurs for more than 200 days annually. Community members indicated that fasting during pregnancy is common and is also supported and encouraged by religious leaders and community members. Accordingly, women adhered to fasting restrictions during pregnancy, and many women maintained a vegan diet under direction of local religious leaders. Furthermore, many women reported restricting dietary intake in pregnancy to prevent growth of the fetus because of the concern for obstructed labor. A women's diet depended on her husbands’/family earnings and household food preferences. Sharing of meals is a cultural norm; the husband is served first, with the remaining portions to the pregnant women/children. Pregnant women in the area also reported regular consumption of a locally brewed alcohol (“tella”), as it is believed to have lower alcohol levels. These findings demonstrate the impact of traditional and cultural beliefs on dietary decisions amongst pregnant women in this population. Conclusions Reduced food intake in pregnancy is common in this population, due to fasting, reduced appetite, and food restriction to avoid pregnancy complications. Context-specific interventions are needed, and this formative work will inform the future delivery and education regarding nutrition interventions in rural Ethiopia. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1184363).
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Sbacchi, Alberto. "The Archives of the Consolata Mission and the Formation of the Italian Empire, 1913-1943." History in Africa 25 (1998): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172192.
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The Institute of the Consolata for Foreign Missions was founded in Turin, Italy in 1901 by the General Superior, Giuseppe Allamano (1851-1926). The primary purpose of the mission is to evangelize and educate non-Christian peoples. Allamano believed in the benefit of religion and education when he stated that the people “will love religion because of the promise of a better life after death, but education will make them happy because it will provide a better life while on earth.” The Consolata distinguishes itself for stressing the moral and secular education and its enthusiasm for missionary work. To encourage young people to become missionaries, Allamano convinced Pius X to institute a world-wide mission day in 1912. Allamano's original plan was for his mission to work among the “Galla” (Oromo) people of Ethiopia and continue the mission which Cardinal Massaia had begun in 1846 in southwestern Ethiopia. While waiting for the right moment, the Consolata missionaries ministered among the Kikuyu people of Kenya. In 1913 the Propaganda Fides authorized the Consolata Mission to begin work in Kaffa, Ethiopia. In 1919 it entered Tanzania and, accepting a government invitation in 1924, the Consolata installed itself in Italian Somalia and in 1925 in the Portuguese colony of Mozambique. Before the World War I the mission also expanded in Brazil, in 1937, and after 1937 its missionaries went to Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Canada, the United States, Zaire, Uganda, South Africa, and South Korea.
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Hannig, Anita. "The Pure and the Pious: Corporeality, Flow, and Transgression in Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity." Journal of Religion in Africa 43, no. 3 (2013): 297–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12341254.
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Abstract This article addresses a key problem at the intersection of medicine and religion: how do people fashion themselves into moral subjects in the midst of acute bodily suffering? In particular, how can we situate the wounded, porous body of obstetric fistula in relation to Ethiopian Orthodox Christian ideals of purity and containment? Through an analysis of regimens of embodied piety among Orthodox Christians in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, this article seeks to delineate the multiplicity of ways in which fistula sufferers are able to exercise their religiosity in the face of their physical affliction, and how they use the very symbols that would seem to alienate them to achieve a powerfully enlightened subject position. This study thus complicates static notions of the sacred to reveal the recursive nature of holiness, and shows that recognition of the body’s imperfection is built into the very system of Orthodox belief and practice.
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Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, and Temesgen Yihunie Akalu. "Spatial Pattern and Associated Factors of ANC Visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Modeling of Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Data." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2020 (August 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4676591.
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Background. Although there is an increase in having antenatal care (ANC), still many women lack recommended ANC contacts in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining spatial patterns and associated factors of not having ANC visits using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data. Methods. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was employed based on EDHS data from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A total of 7,462 women were included in the study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize the spatial distribution. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for not having ANC visits in Ethiopia. A multivariable multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify individual- and community-level determinants of not having antenatal care. Model comparison was checked using the likelihood test and goodness of fit was assessed by the deviance test. Results. The primary clusters’ spatial window was located in Somalia, Oromia, Afar, Dire Dawa, and Harari regions with the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of 133.02, at p<0.001 level of significance. In this study, Islam religion (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.7 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.52,0.96)), mother education being primary (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI (0.49,0.71)), distance from health facility being a big problem (AOR = 0.76, CI (0.65,0.89)), second birth order (AOR = 1.35, CI (1.03, 1.76)), richer wealth index (AOR = 0.65, CI (0.51,0.82)), rural residence (AOR = 2.38, CI (1.54,3.66)), and high community media exposure (AOR = 0.68, CI (0.52,0.89)) were determinants of not having antenatal care in Ethiopia. Conclusion. The spatial distribution of ANC in Ethiopia is non-random. A higher proportion of not having ANC is found in northeast Amhara, west Benishangul Gumuz, Somali, Afar, north, and northeast SNNPR. On the other hand, a low proportion of not having ANC was found in Tigray, Addis Ababa, and Dire Dawa. In Ethiopia, not having antenatal care is affected by both individual- and community-level factors. Prompt attention by the Federal Ministry of Health is compulsory to improve ANC especially in rural residents, uneducated women, poor households, and regions like Oromia, Gambella, and Somalia.
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Kitabo, Cheru Atsmegiorgis, and Ehit Tesfu Damtie. "Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Ethiopia." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (July 4, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8749753.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, 72% of pregnant women received an antenatal care visit at least once in their pregnancy period. Ethiopia has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. So, this high maternal mortality levels remain a major public health problem. According to EDHS, 2016, the antenatal care (ANC), delivery care (DC), and postnatal care (PNC) were 62%, 73%, and 13%, respectively, indicating that ANC is in a low level. The main objective of this study was to examine the factors that affect the utilization of antenatal care services in Ethiopia using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. The data used for this study comes from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey which was conducted by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA). The statistical method of data analysis used for this study is the Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression model in general and the Bayesian multilevel logistic regression for the random coefficient model in particular. The convergences of parameters are estimated by using Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) using SPSS and MLwiN software. The descriptive result revealed that out of the 7171 women who are supposed to use ANC services, 2479 (34.6%) women were not receiving ANC services, while 4692 (65.4%) women were receiving ANC services. Moreover, women in the Somali and Afar regions are the least users of ANC. Using the Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression of random coefficient model factors, place of residence, religion, educational attainment of women, husband educational level, employment status of husband, beat, household wealth index, and birth order were found to be the significant factors for usage of ANC. Regional variation in the usage of ANC was significant.
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Freeman, Dena. "Pentecostalism in a Rural Context: Dynamics of Religion and Development in Southwest Ethiopia." PentecoStudies: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 12, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.v12i2.231.
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Záhořík, Jan. "Religion and Health Care in East Africa: Lessons from Uganda, Mozambique and Ethiopia." Journal of the Middle East and Africa 11, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2020.1811582.
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Adam Birhan, Nigussie, and Denekew Bitew Belay. "Associated risk factors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia using multilevel ordinal logistic regression model." African Health Sciences 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.46.
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Background: Malnutrition is associated with both under nutrition and over nutrition which causes the body to get improp- er amount of nutrients to maintain tissues and organ function. Under nutrition is the result of insufficient intake of food, poor utilization of nutrients due to illnesses, or a combination of these factors. The purpose of this study was to identify associated risk factors and assess the variation of underweight among under-five children of different regions in Ethiopia.
Methods: Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS-2016) weight-to-age data for under-five children is used. In order to achieve the objective of this study; descriptive, single level and multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis were used.
Results: From a total of 8935 children about 8.1% were severely underweight, 17.1% were moderately underweight and 74.8% were normal. The test of heterogeneity suggested that underweight varies among region and multilevel ordinal model fit data better than single level ordinal model.
Conclusion: Educational level of mother, religion, birth order, type of birth, sex of child, mother body mass index, birth size of child, existence of diarrhea for last two weeks before survey, existence of fever for last two weeks before survey, duration of breast feeding, age child and wealth index had significant effect on underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia. The finding revealed that among the fitted multilevel partial proportional odds model, the random intercept model with fixed coefficients is appropriate to assess the risk factors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia. The findings of this study have important policy implications. The government should work closely with both the private sector and civil society to teach women to have sufficient knowledge, awareness and mechanisms of improving under-five under- weight for children’s wellbeing.
Keywords: Underweight; Partial proportional odds model; Multilevel partial proportional odds model; under-five children.
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Wondimu, Abrham, Qi Cao, Derek Asuman, Josué Almansa, Maarten J. Postma, and Marinus van Hulst. "Understanding the Improvement in Full Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Ethiopia Using Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition Analysis." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030505.
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In Ethiopia, full vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months has improved in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate drivers of the improvement in the vaccination coverage. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition technique was applied to identify the drivers using data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2000 and 2016. The vaccination coverage rose from 14.3% in 2000 to 38.5% in 2016. The decomposition analysis showed that most of the rise in vaccination coverage (73.7%) resulted from the change in the effect of explanatory variables over time and other unmeasured characteristics. Muslim religion had a counteracting effect on the observed increase in vaccination coverage. The remaining 26.3% of the increase was attributed to the change in the composition of the explanatory variables between 2000 and 2016, with maternal educational level and maternal health care utilization as significant contributors. The findings highlight the need for further improvements in maternal health care utilization and educational status to maintain the momentum towards universal coverage of childhood vaccination. Targeted intervention among Muslim-dominated communities is also needed to improve the current situation. Besides which, future studies need to be conducted to identify additional potential modifiable factors.
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Melku, Mulugeta, Betelihem Terefe, Fikir Asrie, Bamlaku Enawgaw, Tadele Melak, Yakob Gebregziabher Tsegay, Mohamedamin Areba, and Elias Shiferaw. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Adult Population towards Blood Donation in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Blood Transfusion 2016 (July 19, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7949862.
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Background. Though World Health Organization recommends 100% voluntary blood donation, the percentage of blood collected from voluntary blood donors and the average annual blood collection rate are extremely low in Ethiopia. The role of adults is crucial to meet the demand of safe blood. Thus, this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of adult population towards blood donation in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 768 adults. Multistage sampling technique together with simple random and systematic random sampling technique was employed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and bivariate correlation analysis were done. Result. About 436 (56.8%), 630 (82%), and 141 (18.4%) study participants had adequate knowledge, good attitude, and experience of blood donation, respectively. Secondary and higher educational statuses were significantly associated with adequate knowledge towards blood donation. Participants who were protestant by religion were more likely to have good attitude towards blood donation. Age, self-perceived health status, and religion were significantly associated with blood donation practice. Conclusion. Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation are high. However, the level of practice is low. District and national blood banks and transfusion agency should design strategies that promote and motivate the communities to donate blood.
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KLORMAN, BAT-ZION ERAQI. "Yemen, Aden and Ethiopia: Jewish Emigration and Italian Colonialism." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 19, no. 4 (September 9, 2009): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186309990034.
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AbstractAfter Aden came under British rule (1839) its Jewish community was reinforced by Jewish immigrants from inland Yemen and also from other Middle Eastern countries. Some of the Adeni Jews, most of them British subjects, entered the Indian-British commercial network and expanded it to East Africa, mainly to Ethiopia, founding commercial strongholds there. From the late nineteenth century, Jews coming from Yemen joined the existing Adeni settlements.This paper compares the reasons for the emigration to Ethiopia of Adeni Jews and Yemeni Jews, and their economic and social status under Italian colonial regime (established in Eritrea in the 1880s). It discusses relations between these Jews, which it argues, were determined by the position of each group in the colonial hierarchy, and by the necessity of sustaining religious-communal life. Thus, in spite of their shared Yemeni origin and attendance at the same communal institutions, ethnicity and religion proved weaker than social and economic considerations, and the two groups cultivated a separate identity.
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Debele, Serawit. "Ambiguities of “Insider-ness” in the Study of Religion." Fieldwork in Religion 11, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.29682.
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Based on the author’s experience in conducting fieldwork on religion in Ethiopia, in this article she analyses the complexities of being an insider in a certain socio-political and economic context. Instead of ascribing an essence to insider-ness as a straightforward and definite category, it is argued that insider-ness is a product of dynamic and complex intersubjective interactions and processes. It is an ambiguous position marked by a continuous shift resulting from the researcher’s navigations between multiple identities at different times and environments in relation to research participants. As pointed out by Bourke (2014), the perpetual flux of one’s identity as an insider or an outsider stems from the researcher’s position: gender, class, ethnic background and religious as well as political persuasion. Furthermore, in as much as one enjoys the associated benefits thereof, the insider is faced with myriad challenges due to her or his variegated identities that in turn inform interlocutors’ perceptions, expectations and responses.
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Zewudie, Addisalem Tebeje, Abebaw Addis Gelagay, and Engidaw Fentahun Enyew. "Determinants of Under-Five Child Mortality in Ethiopia: Analysis Using Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016." International Journal of Pediatrics 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7471545.
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Background. Under-five mortality rate is a leading indicator of the level of child health and the overall development in countries which indicate the quality of life of a given population, as measured by life expectancy. Objectives. To identify and analyze factors that may have a significant influence on under-five mortality in Ethiopia. Methods. A national representative cross-sectional study and a quantitative study were conducted among 18,008 households selected based on 2016 EDHS data. The analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses were employed. In multivariable analysis, p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant and odds ratio with 95% CI (confidence interval) was used to assess the determinants of under-five child mortality. Results. A total of 10,641 children were included in the study with a 99.0% response rate. The U5CM for being a rural resident (AOR=1.802, 95% CI: 1.251, 2.595), not breastfeeding (AOR=2.956, 95% CI: 2.490, 3.511), having multiple birth (AOR=4.755, 95% CI: 3.440, 6.572), male gender (AOR=1.363, 95% CI: 1.153, 1.612), having first birth order (AOR=1.592, 95% CI: 1.275, 1.992), and having family size six and above (AOR=2.187, 95% CI: 1.769, 2.707). The increment of family size increases the risk of U5CM.Conclusion. Multivariate logistic analysis reflected that place of residence, mothers’ educational level, religion, current breastfeeding status, type of birth, sex of child, birth order, and family size were found to be significant predictors of under-five child mortality. So, government policy, nongovernmental organizations, and all concerned bodies should be focused on the major determinants of under-five child mortality and put in a lot more effort to reduce under-five child mortality, and health intervention policies should be revised.
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Potts, Kaitlin S., Afework Mulugeta, and Alessandra N. Bazzano. "Animal Source Food Consumption in Young Children from Four Regions of Ethiopia: Association with Religion, Livelihood, and Participation in the Productive Safety Net Program." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020354.
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Introduction: Child undernutrition remains a challenge globally and in the geographically diverse country of Ethiopia. Improving dietary diversity and consumption of animal source foods are important for improving child nutrition and corresponding health outcomes. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify household and community factors associated with consumption of animal source foods among 6 to 36-month-old children from four regions of Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using multistage probability sampling in eight geographic zones and four regions of Ethiopia took place in 2015 with parents/caretakers of 6 to 36-month-old children. Data was collected on demographic information, proxy indicators of socioeconomic status, and food consumed by the child the day before the survey. Results: Increased child age, pastoral livelihood, Muslim religion, and participation in the Productive Safety Net Program were associated with increased consumption of animal source foods. Odds of animal source foods consumption increased by 8% with each 3-month age increase. Children from pastoralist households were the most likely to have consumed animal source foods in the preceding 24 hours as compared with those in agro-pastoralist households (0.21 times as likely) or those in agriculturalist/farming households (0.15 times as likely). The odds of consumption of animal source foods for families with food aid or safety net support was 1.7 times greater among those receiving traditional support from the Productive Safety Net Program and 4.5 times greater for those in the direct support arm of the program. Conclusions: The findings illustrate the importance of accounting for local context and community characteristics, such as livelihood and religion, when undertaking programming designed to improve diversity of children’s diets through increasing animal source foods. In addition, the Productive Safety Net Program may be a critical determinant of dietary diversity for young children in these regions.
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Hussein, Jeylan W. "The social–psychological and phenomenological constructs of spirituality in the culture of dhikr in Eastern Ethiopia." Culture & Psychology 24, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x16672415.
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The paper sets out to offer social-psychological and phenomenological constructs of spirituality in the culture of dhikr in eastern Ethiopia at a micro-ethnography of faith based therapy (FBT). For analytical purpose, the paper draws on hermeneutics. This is the theory and method that places greater emphasis on the way humans deploy linguistic and cultural symbols to represent, organize and frame religion and other complex experiences. The paper focuses on how dhikr producers deploy various interpretive repertoires to construct the psychological, interactional, emotional, behavioural, imaginative and perceptual dimension of spirituality. The paper indicates that the Hararghe Oromo’s dhikr culture is a hermeneutic exercise that involves cognitive and analytical engagement with the exoteric meanings as well as the esoteric meanings of the world. One can thus take dhikr as a socio-cultural site for analysing the nature of hermeneutically conveyed social–psychological constructs of religion and spirituality. The paper offers also the epistemological and conceptual implications of the study.
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Haile, Biniyam Tadesse, and Yohannes Ejigu Tsehay. "Disparities in Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Utilization among Married Women in Ethiopia: Findings of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (March 6, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3430975.
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Background. Long-acting contraceptive methods, subdermal implants, and intrauterine devices are reliable, safe, and cost-effective family planning methods. However, these methods are not widely used in Ethiopia despite government effort to increase access. The study is aimed at assessing the rate of utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods among married women and associated factors. Method. We analyzed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset. A total of 2045 married women of reproductive age group, who were using any modern contraceptive method at the time of the survey, were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed to characterize the study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Result. The multivariable analyses showed that women educational status, parity, religion, previous history of abortion, desire for more child, and region where the respondents reside were significantly the factors that determine the utilization of long-acting contraceptive. There is a significant regional disparity in long-acting contraceptive utilization. Compared to women residing in Tigray region, those who live in other regions (Afar-Somali, Oromia, Amhara, Benishangul Gumz-Gambela, and Southern Nations Nationalities and People) have low likelihood of using long-acting contraceptive methods. Conclusion. Utilization of long-acting family planning method is low in Ethiopia. There is a significant regional disparity in utilizing these methods. Policy makers should promote culture-sensitive and tailored interventions to improve the utilization of long-acting family planning methods.
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Debelew, Gurmesa Tura, and Mahilet Berhanu Habte. "Contraceptive Method Utilization and Determinant Factors among Young Women (15-24) in Ethiopia: A Mixed-Effects Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis of the Performance Monitoring for Action 2018 Household Survey." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6642852.
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Despite highly effective modern contraceptive methods (both short and long acting) are made widely available and accessible globally, their utilization remains low among young women in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed at determining its status and identifying the determinant factors by using nationally representative data. A multilevel analysis of the nationwide Performance Monitoring for Action 2018 of Ethiopia round 6 data, collected from June to July, 2018, was conducted. A total of 982 both married and unmarried young women (15-24) were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the status of contraceptive method utilization and unmet need across regions. A mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of the contraceptive method utilization. Adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to show the significance of the associations at p < 0.05 . The status of contraceptive method utilization was 54.8% (95% CI: 51.7%, 57.9%), and 18.6% (95% CI: 16.3%, 21.2%) had unmet need. Afar (12.3%), Harari (12.5%), and Ethiopian Somali (20.0%) regions had the lowest contraceptive method utilization. Wealth quintiles and religion were the higher level variables affecting contraceptive method utilization among the young women. Age, marital status, parity, future birth intention, and knowledge of contraceptive methods were the individual level factors identified as determinants of contraceptive method use among the young women. In conclusion, the status of contraceptive method utilization among the young women in Ethiopia is promising as compared to the national target of 55% for 2020; however, still high unmet need exists. The factors also exist both at the contextual and at individual levels. Hence, multilevel interventions need to be in place giving special emphasis to the low performing regions. Besides, region-specific behavioral interventions and family planning services that will be able to reach the young women need to be designed.
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Dessie, Dereje Bekele, and Abay Sahle Nigussie. "Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Postnatal Care Utilization in Ethiopia." International Journal of Applied Research in Bioinformatics 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijarb.2021010102.
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The postnatal period is defined as the first six weeks after birth; it is critical to the health and survival. The study was conducted to determine the key factors of maternal postnatal care using Bayesian multilevel analysis using 7,192 mothers aged between 15-49 of EDHS 2016 data. Descriptive statistics revealed that 675 (9.4%) women received postnatal care. The Bayesian multilevel model used to analyze postnatal care utilization of woman. The predictor variables like mother's age, region, place of residence, media exposure, religion, wealth index, parents' education level, and mothers' occupation were found to be significant determinants of variation in women postnatal care utilization in Ethiopia. The Bayesian multilevel logistic regression analysis also estimates the variance of random effect at the regional level. Thus, the value of var (u0j) = δ2= 0.127 is significant at the 5% level of significance. In order to convey policies, it is important not only to comprehend the effect of reforms on the issues, but also on the how it diverges with demographic and economic characteristics.
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James, Wendy, and Lambert Bartels. "Oromo Religion: Myths and Rites of the Western Oromo of Ethiopia: An Attempt to Understand." Journal of Religion in Africa 17, no. 2 (June 1987): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1581039.
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Hassen, Mohammed, and Lambert Bartels. "Oromo Religion: Myths and Rites of the Western Oromo of Ethiopia: An Attempt to Understand." Man 20, no. 2 (June 1985): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2802403.
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Bruzzi, Silvia, and Meron Zeleke. "Contested Religious Authority: Sufi Women in Ethiopia and Eritrea." Journal of Religion in Africa 45, no. 1 (August 14, 2015): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340028.
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The African experience in works dealing with Sufi women shows a concentration of classical and more recent works in the Maghreb and in West Africa. There is an observable gap in academic writings on the Horn of Africa where only scarce and fragmentary studies are available on women’s involvement and leadership in Sufism. Works focusing on Somalia address such themes as women’s oral literature, religious practices, and everyday religion. The challenges Sufi women face in legitimizing their power, their experiences in a strong patriarchal society, the dominant discursive gendering strategy in defining religious orthodoxy, and the different mechanisms used by these women to establish and protect their religious power are marginalized themes in the region. Furthermore, by clearly showing the different coping mechanisms adopted by two religious figures and the different activities they lead as custodians of Sufi shrines, this paper stresses the need to go beyond the dominant academic discourse that overshadows the agency of women and instead magnify the passive status women have in the African sociopolitical landscape. This paper focuses on these themes and contributes to this gap through a comparative case study of two prominent Sufi figures from two different parts of the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia and Eritrea.
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Abiye, Alfoalem Araba, Bethel Fekede, Ayenew Mulualem Jemberie, Bereket Abraha Molla, Beruk Ketema Tolla, Bethlelem Sisay Tefera, Bezawit Melaku Barkiligne, et al. "Modern Contraceptive Use and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Group Women in three Peri-Urban Communities in Central Ethiopia." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 6-s (December 15, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i6-s.3651.
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Introduction: - Amongst the family planning program is the use of modern contraception. It is one of the key fundamentals of health services whose benefits are wellbeing’s of mothers, husbands, families, and their country in general. According to the world fertility rate report 2015, Ethiopia is expected to achieve a TFR of 2.4 children per woman between the years 2025-2030.
Objective: - the principal objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of modern contraception use and factors that affect utilization.
Methods: - a quantitative community based cross-sectional study was done in three peri-urban communities of Batu, Eastern Shewa zone of Oromia region of Ethiopia from October to November 2017. A total of 351 women in the reproductive age group were interviewed with a questionnaire in the form of a house-to-house survey. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0.
Results: - the study showed that the contraception prevalence was 37.9%. Forty-seven percent of the users were in the age group 21-29. Knowledge, formal education and religion were associated with contraception utilization. It was found that knowledge and formal education were the enhancing factors for utilization whereas the Muslim religion was an inhibiting factor for modern contraceptive use.
Conclusion: - the contraceptive prevalence was higher than the national result for the rural community but lower than the urban community was. Both governmental and non-governmental organizations should continue the good work of building community awareness of modern contraceptive methods.
Keywords: - Contraceptives, knowledge, attitude, practice, Batu