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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethiopian coffee'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Eshetu, Fassil, and Degye Goshu. "Determinants of Ethiopian Coffee Exports to Its Major Trade Partners: A Dynamic Gravity Model Approach." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732520976301.

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The aim of this article is to examine export determinants of Ethiopian coffee to 31 trade partner countries using a dynamic gravity model and system generalised moment method of estimation (GMM) for the period 1998–2016. Descriptive results showed that Ethiopia was exporting only 39% of its total coffee production, and 53.5% and 34.13% of Ethiopian coffee exports were directed to European and Asian countries, respectively, over the period 1998–2016. Regression results revealed that trade openness, population size of Ethiopia, foreign direct investment and institutional quality index of Ethiopia are positively and significantly affecting volume of Ethiopian coffee export. But population of partner countries, weighted distance, lagged export volume and real exchange rate are negatively and significantly influencing export volume of Ethiopian coffee. Hence, Ethiopia needs to diversify its export destinations and export items a way from primary agricultural exports to secondary industrial exports in order to secure dependable source of foreign currency. Also, controlling corruption, increasing government effectiveness, ensuring political stability promotion of foreign direct investment and encouraging trade liberalisation would help to boost the volume of Ethiopian coffee export. JEL Codes: F12, F13, F14

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2

Montagnon, C., A. Mahyoub, W. Solano, and F. Sheibani. "Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 68, no. 6 (February 15, 2021): 2411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01139-y.

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AbstractWhilst it is established that almost all cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties originated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were introduced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its significance to the coffee world had never been explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence confirming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the world. The second cluster, which we named the SL-17 cluster, was a small cluster of cultivated worldwide varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica-Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and was not related to any known cultivated varieties and not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the consequences of these findings and their potential to pave the way for further comprehensive genetic improvement projects for the identification of major resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have been shaped through the domestication process of C. arabica.

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3

Mohan, Sushil, Firdu Gemech, Alan Reeves, and John Struthers. "The welfare effects of coffee price volatility for Ethiopian coffee producers." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 8, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-01-2016-0005.

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Purpose This paper aims to estimate the welfare effects for Ethiopian coffee producers from eliminating coffee price volatility. Design/methodology/approach To estimate volatility, the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity technique is applied to monthly coffee prices in Ethiopia for the period 1976-2012. To distinguish between the unpredictable and predictable components of volatility, we obtain separate estimates of the conditional and unconditional variance of the residual. This is combined with estimates of the coefficient of relative risk aversion to measure the welfare effects from eliminating the unpredictable component of price volatility. Findings A key finding is that the welfare gain from eliminating coffee price volatility is small; the gain per producer comes to a meagre US$0.76 in a year. Originality/value This has important policy implications for the efficacy of price stabilisation mechanisms for coffee producers, i.e. any attempt to eliminate coffee price volatility at a cost may not be a preferred outcome for Ethiopian producers. The contribution of the paper lies in using the unconditional variance, as it more truly reflects price risk faced by coffee producers without overestimating it.

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4

Handino, Tinsae Demise, Marijke D’Haese, Freaw Demise, and Misginaw Tamirat. "De-commoditizing Ethiopian coffees after the establishment of the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange: an empirical investigation of smallholder coffee producers in Ethiopia." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 499–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0047.

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The repercussions of reforming an agricultural market are mainly observed at the most vulnerable segment of the value chain, namely, the producers. In the current commodity market created with trade through the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX), coffee is less traceable to its producers. Only cooperatives that sell certified coffee through the unions they belong to, are allowed to bypass the more commodified ECX market. This study aims to investigate if small-scale coffee producers in southwestern Ethiopia that sell coffee through the certified cooperative are better off. It is assumed that the coffee sales through, and membership of, a cooperative, allows farmers to improve their coffee production as well as to improve other aspects of their livelihood. A sustainable livelihood approach was used as the inspiration for the welfare indicators that needed to be considered, data collected amongst members and non-members of certified cooperatives, and a propensity score model to investigate the impact of cooperative membership on the livelihood indicators. Results suggest that members of certified cooperatives indeed receive, on average, better prices. Yet, no evidence was found that indicates that the higher price is translated into better household income. Furthermore, coffee plantation productivity of those members who were interviewed was lower than that of the non-members. This finding could explain the failure to find an overall effect. Since the majority of the producers’ income emanate from coffee, a sustainable way of enhancing the productivity of the coffee could revitalize the welfare of the coffee producers.

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5

Duguma, Teshale. "Value Chain Analysis of Ethiopian Coffee (Coffea arabica)." Archives of Current Research International 11, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2017/31486.

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6

Silvarolla, Maria Bernadete, Paulo Mazzafera, and Marinez Muraro Alves de Lima. "Caffeine content of Ethiopian Coffea arabica beans." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 1 (March 2000): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000100036.

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The coffee germplasm bank of the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas has many Coffea arabica accessions from Ethiopia, which is considered the primary center of genetic diversity in coffee plants. An evaluation of the caffeine content of beans from 99 progenies revealed intra- and inter-progeny variability. In 68 progenies from the Kaffa region we found caffeine values in the range 0.46-2.82% (mean 1.18%), and in 22 progenies from Illubabor region these values ranged from 0.42 to 2.90% (mean 1.10%). This variability could be exploited in a breeding program aimed at producing beans with low-caffeine content.

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7

Larçon, Jean-Paul, and Corinne Vadcar. "Belt and Road in Ethiopia and China’s African Ambition." China and the World 04, no. 02 (May 17, 2021): 2150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729321500073.

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China–Ethiopia economic cooperation in the period of 2000–2020 is marked by the convergence between the industrial policy of Ethiopia, the orientations of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and the infrastructure development strategy which is the cornerstone of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China, the largest foreign investor in Ethiopia during this period, has had a major role in terms of investment and financing in the energy sector and the transportation infrastructure: Addis Ababa Airport, roads, railway, seaport terminal, and gas pipeline. The flagship project — the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway — connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti City and Djibouti’s Doraleh Container Terminal, inaugurated in 2018, provided landlocked Ethiopia with a good connection between the hinterland and the seaport: the economic corridor accounts for more than 95% of Ethiopia’s foreign trade. The development of Ethiopian Industrial Parks on the model of Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) was the second pillar of the strategy of development of an export-oriented manufacturing sector. Chinese companies operating in Ethiopian Industrial Parks in the textile and leather industries have been pioneering this activity contributing to Ethiopia’s participation in the Global Value Chains (GVCs). Ethiopian government is also planning the development of agro-industrial parks specialized in added-value agricultural products such as coffee or cut flowers exported to Europe via Addis Ababa Airport and Ethiopian Airlines Cargo. Ethiopia’s main challenges in that direction are the necessity to go up the value chain to further penetrate European markets and, most likely, to identify the products or services which could be integrated into the African markets in the new context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement that entered into force in January 2021.

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8

Kabeta, Temesgen. "REVIEW OF COFFEE VALUE CHAIN IN ETHIOPIA ON THE COURSE CROP VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT." American Journal of Supply Chain Management 6, no. 1 (July 13, 2017): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajscm.266.

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Purpose: This purpose of the study was to review of coffee value chain in Ethiopia on the course crop value chain managementUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The value chain actors must play a critical role to increases the profit plow back in the Ethiopian coffee sector and then will significantly improve living standards of the poor who are at the source of the chain.

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9

Bulitta, Bikila Jabessa, and Lalisa A. Duguma. "The Unexplored Socio-Cultural Benefits of Coffee Plants: Implications for the Sustainable Management of Ethiopia’s Coffee Forests." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073912.

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Coffee is among the most popular commodity crops around the globe and supports the livelihoods of millions of households along its value chain. Historically, the broader understanding of the roles of coffee has been limited to its commercial value, which largely is derived from coffee, the drink. This study, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, explores some of the unrevealed socio-cultural services of coffee of which many people are not aware. The study was conducted in Gomma district, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional state, Ethiopia, where arabica coffee was first discovered in its natural habitat. Relying on a case study approach, our study uses ethnographic study methods whereby results are presented from the communities’ perspectives and the subsequent discussions with the communities on how the community perspectives could help to better manage coffee ecosystems. Coffee’s utilities and symbolic functions are numerous—food and drink, commodity crop, religious object, communication medium, heritage and inheritance. Most of the socio-cultural services are not widely known, and hence are not part of the benefits accounting of coffee systems. Understanding and including such socio-cultural benefits into the wider benefits of coffee systems could help in promoting improved management of the Ethiopian coffee forests that are the natural gene pools of this highly valuable crop.

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10

Mishra, Manoj Kumar, Sandhyarani Nishani, Madhura Gowda, Dandamudi Padmajyothi, Narayana Suresh, Hosahalli Sreenath, and Y. Raghuramulu. "Genetic Diversity Among Ethiopian Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Collections Available In Indian Gene Bank Using Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 70, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2015-0011.

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Abstract The South-Western highlands of Ethiopia are considered to be the centre of origin and diversity of the arabica coffee, Coffea arabica. More than 80 accessions of arabica coffee collected from Ethiopia are available in Indian gene bank. However, the genetic diversity of these accessions is not studied in detail. In the present study, genetic diversity analysis of 48 accessions collected from eight provinces of Ethiopia was carried out using Sequence-related amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) marker. Among the thirty two SRAP primer combinations tested, 14 primer pairs were polymorphic and generated 203 distinct fragments. The number of fragments ranged from 7 to 21 with a mean of 14.5 fragments per primer combination. Of the total 203 amplified fragments, 182 (89.65%) were polymorphic and the percent of polymorphism ranged from 53.84% to a maximum of 100% using different primers. The average resolving power (Rp) and average polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 14 SRAP primer combinations was 14.31 and 0.648 respectively. A total of 13 rare alleles were obtained from SRAP assays, of which six rare alleles were obtained from the accessions collected from Shoa province. The UPGMA clustering algorithm from SRAP analysis grouped the 48 coffee accessions into two major clusters. The accessions collected from particular province clustered together which could be attributed to the substantial gene flow between adjacent population and the influence of geographical origin on genetic diversity. The study demonstrated the existence of substantial genetic variation in Ethiopian germplasm which could be utilized in coffee germplasm conservation and improvement program.

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11

Tasew, Tsedale, Yalemtsehay Mekonnen, Tegenu Gelana, Mesfin Redi-Abshiro, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, Estifanos Ele, Ahmed Mustefa Mohammed, and Hassen Mamo. "In Vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Roasted and Green Coffee Beans Originating from Different Regions of Ethiopia." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8490492.

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Coffee is among the most traded commodities and consumed beverages worldwide primarily for its stimulating effects. Moreover, coffee is known to contain various bioactive compounds with significant health benefits including antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, Ethiopia as the origin of coffee and producer and exporter of varieties of Coffea arabica has made little study on the health aspects of this beverage. The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and content of coffee samples from different localities of Yorgacheffe and Jimma; and roasted, ground, and packed samples purchased from a coffee shop in Addis Ababa. Medium-roasted-boiled and lyophilized coffee extracts were tested on eight gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains. The agar-well diffusion method was used to test the extracts determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. For coffee antioxidant activity and content, light-roasted (both field and shop samples) and green coffee bean extracts were tested using the free radical 2.2-diphenyl-l-pict1hydrazyl (DPPH) IC50 percent inhibition protocol. The samples showed strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity and substantial antioxidant content. Significant variation was noted in the antibacterial activities of the different coffee samples. Moreover, the growth-inhibitory strength of each coffee sample was variable for different test bacteria. A coffee sample with the best antibacterial activity had also the highest antioxidant activity/content. The shop coffee had the lowest bioactivity. The observed variations in the antibacterial and antioxidant activities among the samples probably indicate the diversity of the Ethiopian coffee related, among other factors, to the coffee plant genetics and agroecology.

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12

Amare, Meareg, and Senait Aklog. "Electrochemical Determination of Caffeine Content in Ethiopian Coffee Samples Using Lignin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3979068.

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Lignin film was deposited at the surface of glassy carbon electrode potentiostatically. In contrast to the unmodified glassy carbon electrode, an oxidative peak with an improved current and overpotential for caffeine at modified electrode showed catalytic activity of the modifier towards oxidation of caffeine. Linear dependence of peak current on caffeine concentration in the range 6×10-6 to 100×10-6 mol L−1 with determination coefficient and method detection limit (LoD = 3 s/slope) of 0.99925 and 8.37×10-7 mol L−1, respectively, supplemented by recovery results of 93.79–102.17% validated the developed method. An attempt was made to determine the caffeine content of aqueous coffee extracts of Ethiopian coffees grown in four coffee cultivating localities (Wonbera, Wolega, Finoteselam, and Zegie) and hence to evaluate the correlation between users preference and caffeine content. In agreement with reported works, caffeine contents (w/w%) of 0.164 in Wonbera coffee; 0.134 in Wolega coffee; 0.097 in Finoteselam coffee; and 0.089 in Zegie coffee were detected confirming the applicability of the developed method for determination of caffeine in a complex matrix environment. The result indicated that users’ highest preference for Wonbera and least preference for Zegie cultivated coffees are in agreement with the caffeine content.

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13

Aregay, Merid W. "The Early History of Ethiopia's Coffee Trade and the Rise of Shawa." Journal of African History 29, no. 1 (March 1988): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700035969.

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This article draws attention to the possible importance of coffee exports from Ethiopia before the mid-nineteenth century. They may well have been a factor in attempts by Ethiopian emperors in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to develop trade in Yaman, in India and with the Dutch in Java. By 1690, coffee was being exported from Zayla, and perhaps by other outlets. In 1705 and 1737 there were unsuccessful attempts by Europeans to obtain coffee direct from Ethiopia, though meanwhile the growth of plantations in European colonies had rendered such effort superfluous. Nonetheless, Ethiopia contributed to the Red Sea coffee trade during the eighteenth century, and it seems likely that coffee was exported from Enarya as well as from Harar. The kingdom of Shawa was well situated to exploit the development of coffee exports from the south-western highlands, and they would have assisted Shawa's efforts to distance itself from upheavals further north during the Zamana Masafent. The coffee trade may therefore have been more significant in the rise of Shawa in the later eighteenth and earlier nineteenth centuries than historians have hitherto allowed.

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14

Holderbaum, Melina Marques, Dhalton Shiguer Ito, Débora Cristina Santiago, Luciana Harumi Shigueoka, Lucas Eduardo Fernandes, and Gustavo Hiroshi Sera. "Arabica coffee accessions originated from Ethiopia with resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis." AUGUST 2020, no. 14(08):2020 (August 20, 2020): 1209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.08.p1763.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of Ethiopian Coffea arabica from IAPAR’s germplasm bank to Meloidogyne paranaensis. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in IAPAR, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used with 15 treatments, eight replications and one plant per plot. 14 accessions of C. arabica from Ethiopia were evaluated and the cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 was used as a susceptible control. Seedlings with three to four pairs of leaves were transplanted into plastic cups with a capacity of 700 mL and 1200 eggs and/or J2 of M. paranaensis (IP) were inoculated after one month. The evaluations were performed 130 days after inoculation, when the data of the number of eggs and J2 per gram of roots, the final population of nematodes (FP) were obtained and the reproduction factor (RF) was calculated using the formula: RF = IP / FP. To classify the resistance levels of the genotypes, the reduction of the reproduction factor (RRF) was used. The Ethiopian accessions were classified from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Most of the Ethiopian coffees were highly resistant to M. paranaensis. The genotype Geisha also showed resistance, but is still in heterozygous condition.

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Wale Mengistu, Melese, Melkamu Alemayehu Workie, and Abrar Sualeh Mohammed. "Physical and Cup Quality Attributes of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Varieties Grown in Highlands of Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6420363.

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Coffee is the second most traded commodity worldwide after oil both in terms of volume and value. The study was therefore initiated to evaluate the quality of highland coffee varieties grown in the region. For this purpose, coffee bean samples of the varieties Merdacheriko, Yachi, Wush Wush, Buno wash, 741, 7440, Ababuna, and Ageze were collected from trees which were grown in Adet and Woramit Agricultural Research Centers in RCBD with three replications. Physical (length and width of coffee beans, 100 bean weight, screen sizes, and raw quality) and cup quality (aromatic intensity, aromatic quality, acidity, astringency, bitterness, body, flavor, overall standard, and total cup quality) parameters, as well as total coffee quality, were evaluated by a team of certified panelists at Jimma Agricultural Research Center. The results depicted significant variations in physical quality parameters of coffee varieties, while the cup and total qualities of coffee varieties in WARC and in AARC were similar. In WARC, Buno wash, Wush Wush, and Ababuna coffee varieties showed better physical quality in terms of 100 bean weight, bean length, bean width, and screen size, while varieties Buno wash and Wush Wush showed better physical quality only in terms of 100 bean weight and bean length in AARC. Cup quality of coffee varieties grown in WARC ranged from 48.16% to 51.33% while that of coffees grown in AARC ranged from 45.00% to 50.83%. Total coffee quality in WARC was at the range from 85.50 to 89.33% while in AARC from 81.66 to 87.83%, which is within the standard of Ethiopian Commodity Exchange for coffee. All the tested varieties of Arabica coffee can be therefore used to produce coffee in both study areas and areas with similar agroecology of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Further research on the yield performance of the coffee varieties is also recommended.

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Mariam, B. "ECONOMICS OF THE ETHIOPIAN COFFEE INDUSTRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 270 (May 1991): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1991.270.6.

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17

Wondimkun, Yishak Worku, Shimelis Admassu Emire, and Tarekegn Berhanu Esho. "Investigation of Physical and Sensory Properties of Ethiopian Specialty Dry Processed Green Coffee Beans." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2020-0004.

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AbstractEthiopia is known for its specialty Arabica coffees affected by mix-up. Physical and sensory properties of dry processed green coffee beans have been reported for the influence on the sensorial quality and coffee process optimization. The aim of this study was to investigate physical and sensory properties of sixteen varieties and to determine relationship of attributes. Physical properties of coffee beans were taken by measuring linear dimensions, densities and weight. Moreover, professional cuppers were analyzed sensory properties by using standard procedures. In this study, the longest (10.40 mm), the widest (6.82 mm) and the thickest (4.48 mm) varieties were Odicha, Feyate and Challa, respectively whereas the shortest (8.28 mm), narrowest (5.59 mm) and thinnest (3.52 mm) were 74110, Mocha and Bultum, respectively. The shape & make value of variety Bultum was “fair good” whereas variety Feyate was “very good”. Furthermore, the results of “shape & make” were significantly correlated with measured physical properties. The results indicate that most physical and sensory properties of coffee varieties have significant (P ≤ 0.05 differences. These properties were influenced by growing regions and variety difference. The outcome of this study can be used for coffee bean characterization and process optimization to improve beverage quality.

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Kim, Eunkyung, Ka-Young Song, Yosub Kim, Inyong Kim, Hea-Yeon Yun, Jung-Hun Ha, Ki-Young Kim, and Yoonhwa Jeong. "Antioxidant Activities of Ethiopian Coffea arabica cv. Heirloom Coffee Extracts with Different Roasting Conditions." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 48, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 1447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2019.48.12.1447.

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19

Worako, T. K., H. Jordaan, and H. D. van Schalkwyk. "Investigating Volatility in Coffee Prices Along the Ethiopian Coffee Value Chain." Agrekon 50, no. 3 (September 2011): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2011.617865.

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20

Yasin, Hana, Zerihun Kebebew, and Kitessa Hundera. "Woody Species Diversity, Regeneration and Socioeconomic Benefits Under Natural Forest and Adjacent Coffee Agroforests at Belete Forest, Southwest Ethiopia." Ekológia (Bratislava) 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0029.

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AbstractThe southwest Ethiopian Afromontane moist forests are recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots as they are the centres of origin and domestication of Arabica coffee. But they are under threat due to deforestation and conversion to coffee farms. Coffee agroforests are believed to buffer the natural forest from these threats. The study was conducted to investigate the importance of coffee agroforest adjacent to Belete forest southwest Ethiopia. Vegetation data were collected from 68 plots (34 each) and socioeconomic data were collected from 136 households (68 each). The results showed that statistically, there were no significant differences between the natural forest and adjacent coffee agroforests in the species composition, species richness and Shannon diversity index of the woody species(P > 0.05). The socioeconomic benefit result showed a number of forest products that are collected from the coffee agroforest. There were statistically significant differences between the natural forest and coffee agroforest in the forest income and the Simpson Diversification Index of the households (p < 0.05). Coffee agroforests contribute to the conservation of woody species through the retention of woody species and reducing pressure on the natural forest. Therefore, the socioeconomic benefits of coffee agroforests must take into account the conservation of woody species in linking the conservation and development arena.

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Fikre, Seyfe. "The Role and Challenge of Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX) on Coffee Supplies and Marketing in Ethiopia." Business and Management Studies 6, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i3.4976.

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The objective of the study was to examine the role and challenge of ECX in coffee supply by measuring the core function ECX. The study used primary data collected from 120 respondents and analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The study used six core function of ECX i.e. market information, enabling competition, market development, price discovery, and storage and grading and facilitation of physical commodity to measure the role and challenge of ECX. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that among ECX‘s core function, facilitation of physical commodity trade service was given the highest score while the storage and grading service was given the least score by the respondents. The multiple linear regression result indicate that three independent variable (Market information, market development and facilitation of physical commodity trade) were found to be significantly and positively influence the coffee supply and performance. Facilitation of physical commodity trade was significant at 1% while market information and market development were significant at 10%. Even though ECX have contributed to coffee supply and marketing performance, it is not free from a problem. The challenge are associated with service delivery system like grading system to test the quality of coffee was not uniform and biasedness one client from the other and wastage of time to test and low quality grading widely observed. ECX experts also indicate that absence of skilled man power, low government attention and capital shortage also another challenge in coffee marketing and supply. ECX should improve the service of storage and grading by introducing new technology and by maintaining transparent service. ECX should also build better warehouse management system in order to avoid wastage and quality deterioration.

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Curtis, Timothy, and Raffi Nalbandian. "Institutional entrepreneurship in the Ethiopian coffee industry." International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation 1, no. 3 (2012): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsei.2012.047631.

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23

Lightbourne, Muriel. "Organization and Legal Regimes Governing Seed Markets and Farmers' Rights in Ethiopia." Journal of African Law 51, no. 2 (September 25, 2007): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855307000319.

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AbstractIn 2005 the government of Ethiopia prepared many proclamations, regulations and guidelines dealing with biosafety, traditional knowledge and plant breeders' rights, with a view to implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Cartagena Protocol to the CBD on Biosafety (CPB), and to joining the World Trade Organization. In the course of the lengthy negotiations of the Food and Agriculture Organization International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the Ethiopian government decided not to include coffee in the list, annexed to the treaty, of plants covered by the multilateral system of facilitated germplasm flows. The purpose of this paper is to analyse these texts and the potential bargaining power of Ethiopia regarding coffee germplasm transactions, after a rapid description of the general context of seed production and seed markets in Ethiopia. It concludes that policies aimed at improving germplasm and final product quality, and rewarding farmers for their contribution in this process, are paramount.

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Abaya, Samson, Magne Bråtveit, Wakgari Deressa, Abera Kumie, and Bente Moen. "Reduced Lung Function among Workers in Primary Coffee Processing Factories in Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112415.

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Dust exposure is one of the major risk factors for respiratory health in many workplaces, including coffee factories. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and lung function reduction among workers in Ethiopian primary coffee processing factories, compared to a control group of workers. A total of 115 coffee workers and 110 water bottling workers were involved in this study, from 12 coffee and 3 water bottling factories in Ethiopia, respectively. The chronic respiratory symptoms were assessed using a structured interview, using a standardized questionnaire adopted from the American Thoracic Society (ATS). The lung function tests were performed according to the ATS recommendation for spirometry. The coffee workers had a significantly higher prevalence of coughing, coughing with sputum, breathlessness, work-related shortness of breath, and wheezing compared with the controls. The prevalence ratio of work-related shortness of breath (PR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.7) and wheezing (PR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3–8.4) was significantly higher for the coffee workers compared to the controls. The coffee workers in the age groups 28–39 years and ≥40 years, had a significantly lower forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s compared to the controls in the similar age groups. The findings indicated the need for longitudinal studies on the possible effect of coffee dust on respiratory health of coffee production workers.

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Scholz, Maria Brígida dos Santos, Cíntia Sorane Good Kitzberger, Natalia Ferrarezi Pagiatto, Luiz Filipe Protasio Pereira, Fabrice Davrieux, David Pot, Pierre Charmetant, and Thierry Leroy. "Chemical composition in wild ethiopian Arabica coffee accessions." Euphytica 209, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1653-y.

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Mishra, Manoj Kumar, Arun Kumar C. Huded, and Pavankumar Jingade. "Assessment of the Suitability of Molecular SCoT Markers for Genetic Analysis of Coffee Species." Botanica 26, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2020-0019.

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AbstractStart codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT), a novel and gene-targeted marker, has recently become the marker of choice in genetic diversity studies. In the present study, 31 SCoT primers were tested for their suitability in the genetic analysis of 21 coffee genotypes representing 18 species. A total of 647 distinct PCR amplified fragments were produced with a mean of 20.9 fragments per primer and 80.80% of which were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content of SCoT primers ranged from 0.16 to 0.86, with a mean value of 0.63. Resolving power ranged from 6.19 to 28.29, with a mean value of 20.2. Species-specific unique PCR amplified fragments were identified for 16 species, which could be used as genetic fingerprints. The genetic similarity among various coffee species calculated using the Dice similarity coefficient ranged between 0.60 and 0.89. The dendrogram constructed using the unweighted pair group of arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustered the 21 coffee genotypes into two major groups. The study revealed that Coffea jenkinsii, an indigenous species from India, showed the highest similarity with C. arabica, which is of Ethiopian origin. The results proved the suitability of SCoT markers in genetic analysis of coffee genotypes.

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Mertens, Jan E. J., Willem-Jan Emsens, Merlijn Jocqué, Lore Geeraert, and Matthias De Beenhouwer. "From natural forest to coffee agroforest: implications for communities of large mammals in the Ethiopian highlands." Oryx 54, no. 5 (December 6, 2018): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000844.

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AbstractIn tropical regions the extent of agricultural land is increasing rapidly at the expense of natural forest, with associated losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Agroforestry has long been proposed as a more sustainable agricultural system, conserving biodiversity while providing significant local livelihoods. In this context, camera traps were deployed to compare communities of large mammals between natural forest (22,272 hours across 24 deployments) and extensively managed coffee forest (19,059 hours, 23 deployments) for the first time in the south-west Ethiopian highlands. Mammal communities in the two forest types were similar in species richness and Shannon diversity but differed in community composition. Significant indicator species of coffee forest were the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata and the Ethiopian hare Lepus fagani, whereas leopards Panthera pardus and civets Civettictis civetta had a preference for natural forest. The number of detections of mammals was higher in coffee forest, where activity patterns were predominantly crepuscular and nocturnal, which may be a direct adaptation to frequent human disturbance. In natural forest, mammal activity peaked during daytime. Despite the high mammal diversity in extensively managed coffee forest, it cannot fully replace natural forest as a habitat for large mammals. We suggest that a balanced landscape mosaic of coffee and natural forest may be a valuable combination for both conservation and coffee cultivation.

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Hernandez, Adan, Mireille Fargette, and Jean-Louis Sarah. "Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) isolates from Central America and Brazil on four genotypes of Coffea arabica." Nematology 6, no. 2 (2004): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541041217898.

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Abstract Fifteen isolates of Meloidogyne spp. collected from coffee plantations in every country in Central America, with one isolate from Brazil, were inoculated on two common cultivars (Catuai and Sarchimor) and two wild genotypes from Ethiopia (ET15 and ET28) of coffee (Coffea arabica) under controlled conditions. These isolates displayed a wide range of pathogenicity on the different varieties. Meloidogyne sp. 2 isolate esterase 'VS1S1' from Guatemala, was unable to multiply on any cultivar. All other isolates multiplied on cv. Catuai. The Meloidogyne incognita isolate from Brazil did not multiply on cv. Sarchimor or genotype ET28. Four Meloidogyne sp. 1 (esterase 'F1') isolates from Guatemala multiplied at relatively low rates on cv. Sarchimor, but did not multiply on genotypes ET15 and ET28. Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne sp. 3 (displaying the new esterase phenotype 'M1F1a'), both from El Salvador, multiplied at a high rate on cv. Sarchimor; M. arenaria multiplied at a low rate on genotype ET15, but did not multiply on genotype ET28. Meloidogyne sp. 3 multiplied at a low rate on genotype ET28. Meloidogyne sp. 4 from El Salvador (esterase 'Sa4') multiplied at a high rate on genotype ET15. The M. arabicida isolate from Costa Rica did not multiply at all on genotype ET15. All isolates of Meloidogyne exigua multiplied on cv. Sarchimor as well as on both Ethiopian genotypes. This new information highlights the great parasitic diversity of root-knot nematodes parasitising coffee in Central America, a diversity which must be taken into account when developing integrated pest management strategies and breeding for resistance to nematodes.

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Pasztor, Szabolcs. "The New Wave of Currency Devaluations in Africa – Will the Devalued Birr Help the Coffee Exports?" Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 12, no. 4. (May 22, 2019): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2018.12.4.7.

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Despite the fact that currency devaluations are likely to have a negative effect on the economy in the long run, Ethiopia devalued its national currency, the birr (ETB), by 15 percent in 2017. They turned to this option in the hope of attracting more investments from abroad, decreasing import bills, improving the current account deficit and giving a boost to the exports of the coffee sector. A couple of months later, the impact seems to be promising because the export has been revived in some areas. However, it has to be stressed that the imported commodities may experience a price increase, there can be a widening balance of payments deficit and rising inflation. The paper aims to shed more light on the short- and long-term impacts of currency devaluations in the developing countries with a special emphasis on Ethiopia. Also, the recent Ethiopian measure is to be analyzed in greater detail highlighting the impacts on export earnings, import bills, the balance of payments, and on the overall competitiveness of the coffee sector.

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Kim, Inyong, Sunyoon Jung, Eunkyung Kim, Jin-Wook Lee, Chan-Yang Kim, Jung-Heun Ha, and Yoonhwa Jeong. "Physicochemical characteristics of Ethiopian Coffea arabica cv. Heirloom coffee extracts with various roasting conditions." Food Science and Biotechnology 30, no. 2 (February 2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-020-00865-w.

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31

Geeraert, L., G. Berecha, O. Honnay, and R. Aerts. "Organoleptic quality of Ethiopian Arabica coffee deteriorates with increasing intensity of coffee forest management." Journal of Environmental Management 231 (February 2019): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.037.

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32

Marcone, Massimo F. "Composition and properties of Indonesian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak) and Ethiopian civet coffee." Food Research International 37, no. 9 (January 2004): 901–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2004.05.008.

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Mohammed, Faez, Dominique Guillaume, Saida Dowman, and Nada Abdulwali. "An easy way to discriminate Yemeni against Ethiopian coffee." Microchemical Journal 145 (March 2019): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.039.

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Alemu, Z. G., and T. K. Worako. "Price transmission and adjustment in the Ethiopian coffee market." Agrekon 50, no. 2 (June 2011): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2011.617162.

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35

RUBEN, Ruerd, and Jorge HERAS. "SOCIAL CAPITAL, GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF ETHIOPIAN COFFEE COOPERATIVES." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 83, no. 4 (October 26, 2012): 463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.2012.00473.x.

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36

Schuit, Pascale, Justin Moat, Tadesse Woldemariam Gole, Zeleke Kebebew Challa, Jeremy Torz, Steven Macatonia, Graciano Cruz, and Aaron P. Davis. "The potential for income improvement and biodiversity conservation via specialty coffee in Ethiopia." PeerJ 9 (February 9, 2021): e10621. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10621.

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The specialty coffee sector represents opportunities for coffee farmers and other actors due to increased value within the supply chain, driven by elevated consumer purchase prices. We investigated these relationships up to the export stage, as well as the potential for specialty coffee to improve stakeholder participation in biodiversity conservation. Household data was collected from a sample of 272 coffee farmers belonging to five primary cooperatives, in the heavily forested area of Yayu, in the Illubabor administrative zone of Oromia regional state in south-western Ethiopia, for the 2017/2018 harvest season. Qualitative and quantitative data, gathered between 2015 and 2019, from focus group discussions, was used to supplement the survey and to explain the empirical findings. We show that the income from coffee (and thus household income) can be increased, in some cases substantially, via participation in the specialty coffee market. The unit price for coffee was much higher than standard market prices and those including certification premiums. Whilst quality is a key factor for specialty coffee, income increases via the specialty market are caveat bound. In particular, there is a critical requirement for efficient and effective cooperative management, and we provide suggestions for improvements. In the long-term, more focus is needed to increase the financial and human capacities of Ethiopian coffee cooperatives, to make them more effective partners in the specialty coffee value chain. The high conversion rates from harvested to clean exportable specialty coffee (8:1, or higher) is identified as a major constraint on profitability. We show that specialty coffee can bring about positive environmental benefits. Elevating coffee prices and farm profitability to bring household income levels to around or above the global poverty line may ensure the continuation of forest coffee production, and thus the retention of forest. The increases in income via specialty coffee production, reported in the study, were achieved without increasing land use or the application of environmentally costly inputs. Moreover, analysis of satellite data shows that a large proportion of the coffee farms surveyed retain a level of forest cover and quality approaching primary (undisturbed) forest, and that the coffee production area at Yayu has not experienced any significant deforestation (since 2000). We recommend that coffee premiums linked to environmental benefit should demonstrate clearly defined and appropriate metrics, as we have demonstrated here for forest (canopy) quality and coverage (area).

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Gove, Aaron D., Kristoffer Hylander, Sileshi Nemomisa, and Anteneh Shimelis. "Ethiopian coffee cultivation-Implications for bird conservation and environmental certification." Conservation Letters 1, no. 5 (October 27, 2008): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263x.2008.00033.x.

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38

Buechley, Evan R., Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Anagaw Atickem, Gelaye Gebremichael, James Kuria Ndungu, Bruktawit Abdu Mahamued, Tifases Beyene, Tariku Mekonnen, and Luc Lens. "Importance of Ethiopian shade coffee farms for forest bird conservation." Biological Conservation 188 (August 2015): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.011.

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39

Arslan, A., and C. P. Reicher. "The Effects of the Coffee Trademarking Initiative and Starbucks Publicity on Export Prices of Ethiopian Coffee." Journal of African Economies 20, no. 5 (June 23, 2011): 704–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejr023.

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40

Sihen, Getachew, Adugna Girma, Lemessa Fikre, and Hindorf H. "Population structure of Gibberella xylarioides Heim and Saccas in Ethiopian forest coffee (Coffea arabica L.) systems." African Journal of Biotechnology 12, no. 33 (August 14, 2013): 5157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2013.12814.

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41

Bekere, Yadeta Bekele, and Guta Regasa Megersa. "COFFEE CERTIFICATION PARTICIPATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ INCOME IN JIMMA ZONE, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 02 (April 30, 2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.2.2.

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Certification is an instrument to add value to a product, and it addresses a growing worldwide demand for healthier and more socially and environmentally friendly products. Globally, coffee certification has received strong recognition as it is proved to increase smallholder farmers’ access to input and output markets, production, productivity and income. This study investigates the major determinants of coffee certification participation. It also analyzes the welfare gains of participation in the certification schemes by smallholder coffee growers. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 247 coffee producers. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to collect the primary data. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Probit model was used to identify factors affecting participation in coffee certification schemes. Propensity score matching technique was used to estimate the impact of coffee certification participation on smallholders’ annual revenue from coffee production. The probit model result revealed that access to training, family size, land size owned, experience in coffee production, education status were significantly determined the smallholders farmers’ participation decision in coffee certification. The propensity score matching model result also shows that participation in coffee certification significantly (p=0.001) improved farmers’ annual revenue by 2,902 Ethiopian birr compared to selling coffee without the certification schemes. This income impact is mainly attributed to the premium price the certification offer to farmers for high quality coffee. Therefore, policies or projects related to coffee value chains should target improving farmers’ access to training, boosting the access to education, working on farmers’ productivity and increasing their technical knowhow on coffee certification to increase farmers’ participation in coffee certification and to improve their annual revenue earning level in the study area.

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Geeraert, L., R. Aerts, K. Jordaens, I. Dox, S. Wellens, M. Couri, G. Berecha, and O. Honnay. "Intensification of Ethiopian coffee agroforestry drives impoverishment of the Arabica coffee flower visiting bee and fly communities." Agroforestry Systems 93, no. 5 (August 12, 2018): 1729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0280-0.

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Worako, T. K., H. D. van Schalkwyk, Z. G. Alemu, and G. Ayele. "Producer price and price transmission in a deregulated Ethiopian coffee market." Agrekon 47, no. 4 (December 2008): 492–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2008.9523812.

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Mehari, Bewketu, Mesfin Redi-Abshiro, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, Sandra Combrinck, and Rob McCrindle. "Characterization of the Cultivation Region of Ethiopian Coffee by Elemental Analysis." Analytical Letters 49, no. 15 (February 29, 2016): 2474–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2016.1151023.

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Kuma, Tadesse, Mekdim Dereje, Kalle Hirvonen, and Bart Minten. "Cash Crops and Food Security: Evidence from Ethiopian Smallholder Coffee Producers." Journal of Development Studies 55, no. 6 (February 12, 2018): 1267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1425396.

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SEEMAN, DON. "Coffee and the moral order: Ethiopian Jews and Pentecostals against culture." American Ethnologist 42, no. 4 (October 26, 2015): 734–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.12167.

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Beksisa, Lemi, Tadesse Benti, and Getachew Weldemichael. "Phenotypic Diversity of Ethiopian Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica </i>L.) Accessions Collected from Limmu Coffee Growing Areas Using Multivariate Analysis." American Journal of BioScience 9, no. 3 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210903.12.

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48

Hundera, Kitessa, Olivier Honnay, Raf Aerts, and Bart Muys. "The potential of small exclosures in assisting regeneration of coffee shade trees in South-Western Ethiopian coffee forests." African Journal of Ecology 53, no. 4 (January 7, 2015): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12203.

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Keil, Chris, Hailu Kassa, Alexander Brown, Abera Kumie, and Worku Tefera. "Inhalation Exposures to Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide during Ethiopian Coffee Ceremonies in Addis Ababa: A Pilot Study." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/213960.

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The unique Ethiopian cultural tradition of the coffee ceremony increases inhalation exposures to combustion byproducts. This pilot study evaluated exposures to particulate matter and carbon monoxide in ten Addis Ababa homes during coffee ceremonies. For coffee preparers the geometric mean (57 μg/m3) and median (72 μg/m3) contributions to an increase in a 24-hour time-weighted average exposure were above World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. At 40% of the study sites the contribution to the 24-hour average exposure was greater than twice the WHO guideline. Similar exposure increases existed for ceremony participants. Particulate matter concentrations may be related to the use of incense during the ceremony. In nearly all homes the WHO guideline for a 60-minute exposure to carbon monoxide was exceeded. Finding control measures to reduce these exposures will be challenging due to the deeply engrained nature of this cultural practice and the lack of availability of alternative fuels.

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Lim, Sung Soo, Alex Winter-Nelson, and Mary Arends-Kuenning. "Household Bargaining Power and Agricultural Supply Response: Evidence from Ethiopian Coffee Growers." World Development 35, no. 7 (July 2007): 1204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.09.016.

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