Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ethiopian languages

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ethiopian languages'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethiopian languages"

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Hudson, Grover. "Languages of Ethiopia and Languages of the 1994 Ethiopian Census." Aethiopica 7 (October 22, 2012): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.7.1.286.

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The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia gathered considerable information of linguistic interest, notably the number of speakers of seventy-seven languages which it recognized. The Census’s list is largely consistent with lists of languages recognized in current research by Ethiopianist linguists. However, problems of two sorts arise in the Census list: dialects counted as languages and languages counted as dialects. Survey of research in Ethiopian linguistics supports instead the existence of seventy-three Ethiopian languages now spoken, a list of languages and their dialects which includes varieties of speech recognized and unrecognized by the Census.
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Dadoo, Yousuf. "LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL AFFINITIES: THE CASE OF ARABIC AND ETHIOPIAN LANGUAGES." Journal for Semitics 25, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 700–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2553.

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Multi-faceted relations between Ethiopia and South Arabia existed since the sixth century B.C. During the earlier phase, the Christian Ethiopians networked with their co-religionists. Later they interacted primarily with Muslim Arabs some of whom settled in Ethiopia either in search of religious sanctuary or for trade purposes. The Muslims entrenched themselves and established petty kingdoms between the ninth and fifteenth centuries C.E. Thereafter, they suffered huge reversals at the hands of their Christian compatriots who were assisted by the Portuguese colonial power. Over the last two centuries relations between these two religious groups suffered appreciably. Despite these mammoth problems, testimonies to the linguistic and cultural affinities between Ethiopia and Arabia are evident; illustrations of which are given in this article. They could be used as a springboard for improving relations between the two communities. The Ethiopian socio-political climate has improved since the installation of a new federal and democratically elected government. It behoves all relevant groups to grasp the mettle by doing more intensive and extensive research in topics like this one in order to trace commonalities between them.
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Wu, Tong. "Prenominal relative clauses in Ethiopian languages: From inside and from outside." Studies in African Linguistics 41, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 213–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v41i2.107277.

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The main objective of this data-oriented study is to give a synchronic typological overview of Ethiopian prenominal relative clauses, both from the inside and from the outside. By “inside”, I mean to compare prenominal relative clauses in the Ethiopian area in order to show how they are different from and/or similar to each other. By “outside”, I extend the comparison to beyond Ethiopian languages and include other African languages with or without prenominal relative clauses and languages from elsewhere with prenominal relative clauses. These comparisons will show to what extent Ethiopian prenominal relative clauses are typologically marked or ordinary. However, the inside comparison will be given more attention. Furthermore, synchronic comparison naturally leads us to questions concerning language evolution and language contact. These questions have always been in the center of studies of the Ethiopian Language Area and will be discussed here.
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Deressa, Samuel. "Luther's Works in Ethiopian Languages." Lutheran Quarterly 34, no. 1 (2020): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lut.2020.0001.

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Alqarni, Muteb. "Arabic loanwords in seven Ethiopian languages." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 423–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01302009.

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Abstract Within the Theory of Constraints and Repair Strategies (Paradis, 1988a,b; Paradis & LaCharité, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008, henceforth TCRS), we provide a formal analysis to the Arabic loanwords in seven languages spoken in Ethiopia: Ge’ez, Tigre, Tigrinya, Amharic, Harari, Argobba and Gurage. The analysis draws upon a corpus of 540 loanwords extracted from the works of Leslau (1956a,b,c; 1957a,b,c; 1958; 1963; 1990). The article presents theoretical challenges to the TCRS Loanword Model (Paradis & LaCharité, 1997), in particular to the Threshold Principle which stipulates that an illicit segment should universally undergo less than two repairs to be licensed in the borrowing language; beyond this limit, it will be deleted. The adaptations of Arabic segmental malformations in these seven Ethiopian languages, however, exceed this number totaling in certain cases to six repairs. The article also discusses the Arabic gutturals, [ʔ], [ʕ] and [ħ], which undergo unpredictable deletion in Amharic and Argobba, showing that the Non-Availability Hypothesis (Paradis & LaCharité, 2001) cannot account for these deletions either. Although the Francophones systematically delete gutturals in Arabic loanwords due to the non-availability of Pharyngeal node in French, the inventories of Amharic and Argobba include the laryngeal [h], the uvular [q] and the glottalized ejectives, thus employing Pharyngeal node plus the features [RTR] and [constricted glottis] as phonologically treatable primitives.
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Teferra, Solomon, Martha Yifiru, and Tanja Schultz. "DNN-based Multilingual Acoustic Modeling for Four Ethiopian Languages." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 46, no. 3 (March 27, 2024): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i3.2.

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In this paper, we present the results of experiments conducted on multilingual acoustic modeling in the development of an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system using speech data of phonetically much related Ethiopian languages (Amharic, Tigrigna, Oromo and Wolaytta) with multilingual (ML) mix and multitask approaches. The use of speech data from only phonetically much related languages brought improvement over results reported in a previous work that used 26 languages (including the four languages). A maximum Word Error Rate (WER) reduction from 25.03% (in the previous work) to 21.52% has been achieved for Wolaytta, which is a relative WER reduction of 14.02%. As a result of using multilingual acoustic modeling for the development of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, a relative WER reduction of up to 7.36% (a WER reduction from 23.23% to 21.52%) has been achieved over a monolingual ASR. Compared to the ML mix, the multitask approach brought a better performance improvement (a relative WERs reduction of up to 5.9%). Experiments have also been conducted using Amharic and Tigrigna in a pair and Oromo and Wolaytta in another pair. The results of the experiments showed that languages with a relatively better language resources for lexical and language modeling (Amharic and Tigrigna) benefited from the use of speech data from only two languages. Generally, the findings show that the use of speech corpora of phonetically related languages with the multitask multilingual modeling approach for the development of ASR systems for less-resourced languages is a promising solution.
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Taye, Bekau Atnafu. "The medium of instruction in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions: Kotebe Metropolitan University Case study." African Journal of Teacher Education 8 (April 1, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v8i0.4367.

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The aim of this article is to examine the medium of instruction in Ethiopian higher education institutions and the perceived consequences of the failure to learn a lingua franca. The study was qualitative and it used interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Five teachers and five students took part in the interviews and six teachers and six students participated in the FGDs. The findings of the study showed that the role of Amharic as a working language has not been given recognition despite the fact that Amharic was constitutionally granted to be a working language. Due to language barriers, students who are speakers of Oromipha and other languages from the Eastern and Western parts of Ethiopia suffer passivity in the classroom because they do not speak Amharic although Amharic has been taught as a subject in all regional states of the country. Increased identity politics seems to have generated a negative attitude towards Amharic, Ethiopia's former official lingua franca. Non-Amharic native speakers appeared to lose interest in learning Amharic while they were in primary and secondary schools. The absence of an official, common language which could be used for wider communication in higher education has resulted in having challenges among the student population.
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Thomas Belay. "A Brief Reflection on Ethiopian Languages." Callaloo 33, no. 1 (2010): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.0.0635.

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Chali, Keresa Kumera, and Andrea Parapatics. "Language Policy and Practices in an Ethiopian University towards Multilingualism." Languages 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2024): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9060198.

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The study explores an Ethiopian higher education institution’s language policy and practices, explicitly focusing on multilingualism. Thе rеsеarch highlights a discrеpancy between languagе policy and classroom rеalitiеs. Despite English being officially designated as the primary instructional medium of higher education institutions, the prevalent environment for teaching and learning is multilingual, incorporating Afaan Oromoo, Amharic, and other languages alongside English. This disparity challеngеs thе monolingual languagе еducation policy mandatеd by thе Ethiopian constitution. The study employs a mixed-methods approach to offer a comprehensive perspective on the issue, stressing the necessity for a more holistic understanding of the situation. Furthеrmorе, thе rеsеarch indicatеs that thе Ethiopian constitution lacks еxplicit provisions addressing multilingualism within highеr еducation institutions, rеvеaling a gap in thе lеgal framework. This misalignmеnt calls for potential policy adjustmеnts to bеttеr accommodatе thе multilingual nature of highеr еducation. Bеyond thе classroom, both instructors and studеnts frеquеntly usе Afaan Oromoo, Amharic, and othеr hеritagе languagеs in thеir intеractions, furthеr еmphasizing thе importancе of undеrstanding thеsе languagе dynamics in thе Ethiopian highеr еducation contеxt. Ovеrall, this study undеrscorеs thе nееd for a closеr еxamination of languagе practicеs and thеir implications, offеring insights into promoting morе inclusivе еducation and informеd languagе policiеs within Ethiopian highеr еducation institutions.
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Chali, Gemechis T., Miriam Taverniers, and Guta Legesse. "Overview of Education in Ethiopia: Traditional Institutions and Language Perspectives." Afrika Focus 34, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-34020008.

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Abstract This article briefly introduces the phases of education in Ethiopia in the last 150 years and the impact of traditional institutions on languages. The intention of this report is to present the background section of a PhD (Gemechis, 2020) defended at Ghent University in September 2020. It is believed that the period of modern education in Ethiopia is shorter when compared with that of traditional education, which lasted for more than a century. Modern or “Western” education was launched in 1908, and Western educational ideas have flourished since the early twentieth century; but the traditional approach characterised Ethiopian education throughout the history of this ancient nation (Hoot, Szente and Mebratu, 2004). This article aims to review the past 150 years of education in Ethiopia in connection with historical trends and the influence of traditional institutions on education in general and languages in particular. Respondents discuss the fact that that, unlike the Orthodox and Missionary churches in Ethiopia, some of the traditional institutions such as the Waaqqeffannaa of Oromoo Institution were not allowed to reflect their values and languages. The study reveals that traditional institutions have played a crucial role in education in Ethiopia. Furthermore, understanding the impact of languages in education is important in teaching and learning in general. However, the findings confirm that there was no structure that could equally understand and accommodate all traditional institutions to contribute to the education of Ethiopia in the past. This article concludes with the recommendation that there should be a well-established implementation system on the languages and cultural institutions that could attract all nations and nationalities to promote their traditional institutions. For instance, there are no language and cultural policies aimed at sustainability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethiopian languages"

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Crass, Joachim, Girma A. Demeke, Ronny Meyer, and Andreas Wetter. "Copula and focus constructions in selected Ethiopian languages." Universität Leipzig, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33607.

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The major aim of this work is to give an overview of present tense copula constructions in selected Semitic and Cushitic languages spoken in Ethiopia. In particular, we deal with languages spoken in the central parts of the country, namely Gurage languages of different genetic affiliations, Wellegga Oromo and K’abeena. In addition we discuss data from Ge’ez, Tigre, Tigrinya, Argobba, Amharic and Harari.
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Rose, Sharon 1965. "Theoretical issues in comparative Ethio-Semitic phonology and morphology." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34531.

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This thesis explores three fundamental issues in the phonology and morphology of Ethiopian Semitic languages: mobile morphology, reduplication and epenthesis. In each chapter I draw on comparative evidence from different Ethiopian Semitic languages, an approach which provides greater insight into how the languages vary with respect to these three issues, and how the issues themselves are best analyzed.
The first issue is that of 'mobile morphology' a term I coin to describe the ability of a particular morphological category to be realized on various segments within a stem. The two major types in the South Ethio-Semitic languages are palatalization and labialization. I develop an analysis of palatalization in five different languages which relies on a hierarchy of preferred targets, along with a number of constraints regulating the appearance of palatalization within the stem.
Ethio-Semitic languages have several different types of reduplication. I draw a distinction between phonological and morphological reduplication and argue that phonological reduplication should be viewed as copying rather long-distance geminate structures created by spreading. I also examine the interaction of reduplication with mobile morphology and I present an analysis of double reduplication, showing how languages will avoid the creation of double reduplication relationships.
I develop an analysis of epenthesis which contrasts the behaviour of one set of languages which epenthesize following final consonant clusters with other languages which epenthesize between consonant clusters. I show that while all Ethio-Semitic languages follow the same general pattern, this may be overridden by templatic constraints and more importantly, by sonority considerations holding of adjacent syllables in coda-onset sequences. This last observation is important because it shows that while languages may on the whole violate heterosyllabic contact constraints, in particular circumstances, the constraints will be obeyed, giving rise to an emergence of the unmarked scenario.
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Yimam, Baye. "The phrase structures of Ethiopian Oromo." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310426.

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Debela, Nega Worku. "Minority language education with special reference to the cultural adaption of the Ethiopian community in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd2858.pdf.

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Meres, Sereke-Berhan. "Ethiopian and Eritrean Businesses Growth Barriers in the Washington, DC Area." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2613.

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Prior studies have revealed that recent Asian and Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurs have made significant contributions to social change in the United States. Although African immigrant entrepreneurs have made such contributions, few studies exist about them, and there is limited knowledge about this business community. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify the barriers of growth in Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant-owned firms in the Washington, DC area who were in business for a minimum of 3 years and represented various trade lines and geographical locations. The enhanced integrated model of ethnic business development, which proposes growth strategies by analyzing the interaction of opportunity structures, ethnic resources, and entrepreneurial and management skills, was used as the conceptual framework to guide this study. Semistructured interview data were gathered from the business owners and then analyzed by employing a pattern matching technique. The data analysis revealed the themes of management deficiencies and the lack of organizational support system as the main growth barriers of the firms studied. These findings suggested the improvement of management skills and the creation of an organizational support system. This effort demands a collaboration of public, private, and community organizations. The results of this study may have positive social change implications to local economies by facilitating the growth of immigrant-owned businesses and enhancing their job and income-creating potential.
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Merie, Kassaw Tafere. "Perceptions of Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora Community in the US." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4235.

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Diaspora communities are becoming an essential part of socioeconomic and political developments of their homeland countries. The problem addressed by this study is that after ethnic federalism was implemented in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian diaspora in the US is divided along ethnic lines, causing human resource management and law enforcement challenges within the communities in the host country. The purpose of this study was to describe the impacts of Ethiopia's ethnic-based federalism on its diaspora residing in a US metropolitan area. The theoretical framework was based on Teshome and ZáhoÅ?ík's theory of ethnic federalism and Safran's theory of diaspora. The key research question examined how ethnic-based federalism in Ethiopia affects perceptions of members of the Ethiopian diaspora in the US. This qualitative ethnographic study included interviews with 15 members of the Ethiopian diaspora community residing in the Washington, DC metro area. The data were thematically coded and analyzed with the help of qualitative data analysis software. Findings revealed that the Ethiopian diaspora in the US is constantly involving in its homeland affairs, although in a fragmented and dis-unified manner. Ethnic-based federalism is not only divisive but also serving as the main source for ethnic bias among the Ethiopian diaspora. Ethnic resentment has surfaced and created a we versus them mentality in every aspect of diaspora's life activities. Recommendations include the Ethiopian government establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission and identifying a better form of federalism for the country. The implications for positive social change include integrating voices of the Ethiopian diaspora community in the policy making processes of the home and host governments.
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Ahland, Colleen, and Colleen Ahland. "A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12559.

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Gumuz is a Nilo-Saharan dialect cluster spoken in the river valleys of northwestern Ethiopia and the southeastern part of the Republic of the Sudan. There are approximately 200,000 speakers, the majority of which reside in Ethiopia. This study is a phonological and grammatical analysis of two main dialects/languages: Northern Gumuz and Southern Gumuz. The study provides an overview of the Gumuz people and culture, including historical accounts of the language(s) and migration patterns. Most major aspects of the language are described and analyzed in detail: phonology, nouns, pronouns, demonstratives and other noun phrase constituents, verbs and verbal morphology, noun incorporation, verbal classifiers, noun categorization, basic clauses, and subordinate clauses. Northern and Southern Gumuz varieties are contrasted throughout. Gumuz tone has two levels, High and Low, with tonal downstep of High. The tonal melody on bound pronominals on verbs indicates transitivity. Nouns are divided into two basic types: relational and absolute. Relational nouns have an inherent relationship with another nominal element, either within a noun-noun compound or with a (historical) possessive affix. Two sets of relational nouns --attributive and relator nouns-- obligatorily take an inherent possession suffix if not in a compound. Gumuz has two noun-noun constructions: the Associative Construction and the Attributive Construction. The first is left-headed with `noun of noun' semantics. The second is right-headed with the initial noun expressing an inherent quality of the second. Certain body part terms have grammaticalized as a variety of other morphosyntactic categories, in particular as relator nouns, verbal classifiers, and class morphemes, the final two of which are noun categorization devices. Many of these same body part terms can be incorporated into the verb or form part of lexicalized verb-noun compounds. Deverbal nominalizations with /ma-/ are found throughout the language structures. These /ma-/ nominalizations serve as both subject and object complements. They are also commonly found in other subordinate clauses such as relative and adverbial clauses. Purpose clauses are formed with the dative preposition plus a /ma-/ nominalization. Finite purpose clauses take pronominal inflection and have further grammaticalized as future tense main clause verbs in Southern Gumuz.
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James, Zoe Cariad. "Language and learning in Ethiopia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10042137/.

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This thesis examines the relationship between language of instruction policy and educational outcomes in Ethiopia. In 1994 Ethiopia introduced a mother tongue education policy which marked a move away from Amharic-only instruction, to the use of multiple local languages in primary schooling. This thesis investigates three key dimensions of this policy: (i) whether there is an advantage to being a ‘mother tongue learner’ in terms of learning outcomes; (ii) whether there are inequalities in learning progress between students learning in different languages of instruction, and if so, why; and (iii) whether the use of multiple mother tongues for school instruction can ensure access to essential languages of wider communication, and if not, with what implications. The mixed methods analysis finds that (i) there is an advantage to being a ‘mother tongue learner’ in Amharic language classes, but this advantage disappears when other indicators of educational experience are taken into account, and varies between linguistic environments/ contexts; (ii) that stakeholders support the use of mother tongue for reasons that relate both to pedagogy, and to the assertion of ethnolinguistic identity, emphasising the nonlearning-related benefits of the policy; (iii) that between-language of instruction inequality of learning outcomes are evident, with students learning in many of the newly introduced languages of instruction making less progress in mathematics than their counterparts in Amharic language of instruction classrooms; (iv) that these between-language inequalities in learning outcomes may be explained by variation in literate environments and linguistic development and standardisation, as well as heterogeneity of school quality between different linguistic communities; and (v) that stakeholders perceive important inequalities in opportunities to acquire languages of wider communication (Amharic and English) between students learning in different languages of instruction, raising important concerns about the extent to which the policy can translate into social and economic opportunity and mobility for all.
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Adamu, Taddele. "Individual differences in second language learning in formal contexts." Thesis, Online version, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.276152.

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Schneider-Blum, Gertrud. "A grammar of Alaaba a highland East Cushitic language of Ethiopia." Köln Köppe, 2006. http://d-nb.info/985708859/04.

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Books on the topic "Ethiopian languages"

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International Conference of Ethiopian Studies (18th : 2012 : Dirē Dawa, Ethiopia), ed. Explorations in Ethiopian linguistics: Complex predicates, finiteness and interrogativity. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2014.

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Ado, Derib, Almaz Wasse Gelagay, and Janne Bondi Johannessen, eds. Grammatical and Sociolinguistic aspects of Ethiopian Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.48.

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Verena, Böll, ed. Studia Aethiopica: In honor of Siegbert Uhlig on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2004.

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ʼakādēmi, YaʼItyoṗyā qwānqwāwoč. Facts and figures: The Academy of Ethiopian Languages. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Academy, 1986.

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Bulakh, Maria. The Arabic-Ethiopic glossary by al-Malik al-Afḍal: An annotated edition with a linguistic introduction and a lexical index. Leiden: Brill, 2017.

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Goldenberg, Gideon. Studies in Semitic linguistics: Selected writings. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1998.

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Assefa, Endalew. Descriptive grammar of Ezha: A Gurage language of Ethiopia (Ethio-Semitic). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2022.

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Joachim, Crass, Meyer Ronny 1970-, and Sonderforschungsbereich 295--"Kulturelle und sprachliche Kontakte.", eds. Deictics, copula and focus in the Ethiopian convergence area. Köln: Köppe, 2007.

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McNab, Christine. Language policy and language practice: Implementation dilemmas in Ethiopian education. Stockholm: Institute of International Education, University of Stockholm, 1988.

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Joachim, Crass, Meyer Ronny 1970-, and Sonderforschungsbereich 295--"Kulturelle und sprachliche Kontakte.", eds. Deictics, copula and focus in the Ethiopian convergence area. Köln: Köppe, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ethiopian languages"

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Kelly, Samantha. "Ethiopia and Ethiopian Languages in Renaissance Italy." In Late Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 331–58. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.lmems-eb.5.131437.

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Yimam, Baye. "Gendered expressions in some Ethiopian languages." In Early Childhood Language Education and Literacy Practices in Ethiopia, 159–79. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003424956-12.

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Rose, Sharon. "4. The formation of Ethiopian Semitic internal reduplication." In Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic, Root-Based, Morphology, 79–97. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.28.04ros.

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Leyew, Zelealem. "Chapter 5. Notes on glottonyms and ethnonyms in Ethiopian languages." In Culture and Language Use, 104–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clu.23.05ley.

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This paper gives a grammatical and sociolinguistic account of glottonyms and ethnonyms in Ethiopian languages. As a metonymic relationship, glottonyms are derived from ethnonyms by attaching the roots of the vocal organs: ‘mouth’, ‘tongue’ and ‘tooth’. The mouth-based glottonyms are widespread in Cushitic, Omotic and Semitic languages. Nilo-Saharan languages have mouth- and tongue-based glottonyms. Few suppletive forms of glottonyms and ethnonyms were recorded. The use of multiple names for the same language and ethnic group is frequent. The disparity between endonyms and exonyms has long been a source of confusion. In particular, the use of derogatory names has created discontent among ethnolinguistic groups. To alleviate the problems emanating from this polyonymous situation, a uniform use of endonyms as standard names is proposed in this study.
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Meyer, Ronny, and Moges Yigezu. "Linguistic diversity in Ethiopian languages." In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 35—C3N10. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.3.

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Abstract This chapter emphasizes that Ethiopia is a linguistically and culturally diverse country whose area and ethnolinguistic composition has varied over time. It describes Ethiopia’s historical ethnolinguistic composition and communication patterns, noting that many Ethiopian languages were first discovered in the period lasting from the end of the 19th to the middle of the 20th centuries. The chapter also highlights the first comprehensive investigation of ethnolinguistic diversity in Ethiopia including aspects of societal language use: the Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in Eastern Africa in 1968–1971. Ultimately, this chapter examines how a language can function as either a native, second, or foreign language. It also studies the linguistic variation due to differences regarding social prestige or status, gender, age, occupation, etc. as well as the enduring and widespread bilingualism in Ethiopia.
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Yigezu, Moges. "Ethiopian languages and their demographic distribution." In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 3—C1P55. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.1.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the sociolinguistic status of Ethiopian languages according to the four major language families in Ethiopia: Cushitic, Omotic, Semitic, and Nilo-Saharan. The authors classify Ethiopia languages into three groups: (i) large languages; (ii) sizeable languages; and (iii) small languages. They argue that there is an ongoing language shift from small to large and sizeable languages, which implies that small languages are being steadily marginalized. This chapter then also discusses the vitality of Ethiopian languages by dividing them into the following types: living vernacular languages, extinct (or dormant) languages, sign languages, and foreign languages. The current state of languages in Ethiopia is a result of socio-historical developments. Ethiopia is a multilingual society, in which Amharic became the de facto Ethiopian lingua franca, and functions as the working language of central and local government.
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Hudson, Grover. "Classification of Ethiopian languages." In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 20—C2P1. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.2.

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Abstract This chapter deals with the genetic classification of Ethiopian languages. It emphasizes that northeast Africa is a region of great genetic and linguistic diversity, which is a principal difficulty in the classification of Ethiopian languages. This chapter shows that Ethiopian linguistics has seen great progress in recent decades which resulted in a growing number of languages identified, recorded, and described. Nevertheless, two languages in southwest Ethiopia that remain unclassified, so-called isolates: Ongota (Birale), on the verge of extinction, and Shabo (Mikeyir), with at most a few hundred speakers. The chapter concludes with a concise discussion of the general method of language classification.
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Meyer, Ronny, and Bedilu Wakjira. "Scripts and writing in Ethiopia." In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 86—C7T10. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.7.

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Abstract This chapter presents a concise overview of scripts and writing practices in Ethiopia. It starts with an account of the evolution and modification of the Fidel script used for writing Geez and Amharic, then introduces major principles used for its adaption to write other Ethiopian languages. The chapter also highlights the earliest extant written testimonies in Ethiopia and Eritrea: Pseudo-Sabaic inscriptions from the 8th or 7th century bc written in a South Arabian script. It also mentions the first indigenous Ethiopic script—an abjad whose earliest remnants date to a period between the 1st and 3rd centuries ad. Ultimately, this chapter gives a very brief summary of other scripts in Ethiopia, and displays the current script choice for writing Ethiopian languages used in education.
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Mohammed, Endris, and Andreas Wetter. "Arabic in Ethiopia." In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 1175–86. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.49.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the remarkably multifaceted role of the Arabic language in Ethiopia. Arabic was important in Christian as well as in Islamic Ethiopia. Thus, many works of Christian religious literature were translated from Arabic into Ge'ez. Among Ethiopian Muslims Arabic has always been the language of religion, and as such was used in inscriptions and manuscripts for centuries. The language was and still is taught in several regions of the country where a rich tradition of manuscript culture emerged. The chapter also briefly describes the various uses of Arabic, its role as lingua franca, and as language of international correspondence in the 19th century. The linguistic influence of Arabic on Ethiopian languages is discussed, as well as the use of the Arabic script for writing literature in Ethiopian languages.
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Tefera, Amsalu, and Maria Bulakh. "Geez (Old Ethiopic)." In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 500—C24P174. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.24.

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Abstract This chapter introduces Old Ethiopic, which is also known as Geez. Geez was a spoken and a literary language amidst the Aksumite period and continued as the religious language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church until the present time and the literary language of Christian Ethiopia until the 19th century. The chapter lists the phonological changes that took place in the Aksumite period in the consonant and vowel systems of Geez, the main phonological alternations, the basic facts on morphology, syntax, and pragmatics.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ethiopian languages"

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Tonja, Atnafu Lambebo, Tadesse Destaw Belay, Israel Abebe Azime, Abinew Ali Ayele, Moges Ahmed Mehamed, Olga Kolesnikova, and Seid Muhie Yimam. "Natural Language Processing in Ethiopian Languages: Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities." In Proceedings of the Fourth workshop on Resources for African Indigenous Languages (RAIL 2023). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.rail-1.14.

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Tachbelie, Martha Yifiru, Solomon Teferra Abate, and Tanja Schultz. "Development of Multilingual ASR Using GlobalPhone for Less-Resourced Languages: The Case of Ethiopian Languages." In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2827.

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Abate, Solomon Teferra, Martha Yifiru Tachbelie, and Tanja Schultz. "Deep Neural Networks Based Automatic Speech Recognition for Four Ethiopian Languages." In ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053883.

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Abate, Solomon Teferra, Martha Yifiru Tachbelie, and Tanja Schultz. "End-to-End Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition for Less-Resourced Languages: The Case of Four Ethiopian Languages." In ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9415020.

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Hagos, Lemlem, and Million Meshesha. "Text to speech synthesis for ethiopian semitic languages: Issues and the way forward." In IEEE AFRICON 2015. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2015.7331949.

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Abate, Solomon Teferra, Martha Yifiru Tachbelie, Michael Melese, Hafte Abera, Tewodros Gebreselassie, Wondwossen Mulugeta, Yaregal Assabie, Million Meshesha Beyene, Solomon Atinafu, and Binyam Ephrem Seyoum. "Large Vocabulary Read Speech Corpora for Four Ethiopian Languages: Amharic, Tigrigna, Oromo, and Wolaytta." In Proceedings of the The Fourth Widening Natural Language Processing Workshop. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.winlp-1.5.

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Tonja, Atnafu Lambebo, Michael Melese Woldeyohannis, and Mesay Gemeda Yigezu. "A Parallel Corpora for bi-directional Neural Machine Translation for Low Resourced Ethiopian Languages." In 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict4da53266.2021.9672230.

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Admasu, Yonas Fantahun, and Kumudha Raimond. "Ethiopian sign language recognition using Artificial Neural Network." In 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isda.2010.5687057.

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Kassa, Daniel Mahetot, and Hani Hagras. "An Adaptive Segmentation Technique For the Ancient Ethiopian Ge’ez Language Digital Manuscripts." In 2018 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering (CEEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceec.2018.8674218.

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Islami, Dian Dini, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, and Hanung Prasetya. "The Effect of Insulin Provision on the Risk Reduction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.49.

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ABSTRACT Background: Insulin is the pivotal hormone regulating cellular energy supply and macronutrient balance, directing anabolic processes of the fed state. Insulin is essential for the intra-cellular transport of glucose into insulin-dependent tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of insulin provision on the risk reduction of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer Link databases, from 2010-2020. Keywords used “effect insulin” OR “giving insulin” AND “diabetes mellitus” OR “diabetes” AND “cross sectional” AND “adjusted odd ratio”. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English or Indonesia language, and using crosssectional study design. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis from 5 studies in Ethiopia, Northeast Ethiopia, Taiwan, African American, and South Korea, reported that insulin provision reduced the risk of diabetes mellitus (aOR= 1.89; 95% CI= 1.82 to 3.57; p= 0.05) with I2= 84%. Conclusion: Insulin provision reduced the risk of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: insulin, type 2 diabetes mellitus Correspondence: Dian Dini Islami. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: dian.dinii94@gmail.com. Mobile: 085729483960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.49
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Reports on the topic "Ethiopian languages"

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Seyoum, Asrat. Pathways to viability: Community radio in Ethiopia. FOJO media institute, Linnaeus University, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/fojo.i.202402.

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Ethiopia's community radio landscape, with over 50 licensed stations and approximately 35 broadcasting nationwide, serves as a vital information source in rural areas, broadcasting in over 20 local languages. Despite their significance, these stations face challenges in governance, financial sustainability, and program quality. The media viability assessment aimed to understand these challenges, prioritize them, and inform support activities. The assessment involved 35 managers and program heads from 25 community radio stations and employed online surveys, desktop research, and limited expert interviews. Factors were scored on a scale of 1 to 10 for their importance to station viability, with most receiving high scores. Governance, programming, financial sustainability, and technical issues were key focus areas. The analysis revealed a clear recognition among managers of the complex challenges they face, with factors related to local issue coverage receiving the highest average score. Recommendations include developing robust financial sustainability strategies, prioritizing audience engagement, enhancing board leadership, creating strategic plans, advocating for high-quality content, providing training in project management and media management, offering technical skills training, facilitating networking among managers, and prioritizing digital capacity-building.
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Orrnert, Anna. Review of National Social Protection Strategies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.026.

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This helpdesk report reviews ten national social protection strategies (published between 2011-2019) in order to map their content, scope, development processes and measures of success. Each strategy was strongly shaped by its local context (e.g. how social development was defined, development priorities and existing capacity and resources) but there were also many observed similarities (e.g. shared values, visions for social protection). The search focused on identifying strategies with a strong social assistance remit from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Sarahan African and South and South-East Asian regions1 (Latin America was deemed out of scope due the advanced nature of social protection there). Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa are most widely available. Few examples are available from the MENA region2 – it may be that such strategies do not currently exist, that potential strategy development process are in more nascent stages or that those strategies that do exist are not accessible in English. A limitation of this review is that it has not been able to review strategies in other languages. The strategies reviewed in this report are from Bangladesh (2015), Cambodia (2011), Ethiopia (2012), Jordan (2019), Kenya (2011), Lesotho (2014), Liberia (2013), Rwanda (2011), Uganda (2015) and Zambia (2014). The content of this report focuses primarily on the information from these strategies. Where appropriate, it also includes information from secondary sources about other strategies where those original strategies could not be found (e.g. Saudi Arabia’s NSDS).
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