Academic literature on the topic 'Ethiopian languages – Phonology, Comparative'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethiopian languages – Phonology, Comparative"
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Tesfaye, Wondwosen. "The Comparative Phonology of Konsoid." Macrolinguistics 8, no. 13 (December 30, 2020): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2020.8.13.6.
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This study compares the phonology of Konso, Diraytata and Mosittacha languages which belong to the Konsoid subgroup in the Lowland East Cushitic family. The aim is to identify and describe the phonological similarities and differences that exist among these languages. The classification of the languages’ sound systems, gemination, phonotactics and syllable structures are carried out in order to determine the major pattern of differences and similarities. Some major sound changes are discovered and the merger of voiced obstruents into voiceless counterparts is another major finding observed in these languages.
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Weninger, Stefan. "Sounds of Gǝʿǝz – How to Study the Phonetics and Phonology of an Ancient Language." Aethiopica 13 (June 14, 2011): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.13.1.39.
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The phonology belongs to the basic structures of a language. Knowing the sounds of the phonemes of a language is essential for the grammar, etymology or classification of a given language. For ancient languages (extinct or classical), phonology is always problematic, for obvious reasons. In this paper, various approaches are evaluated and combined that can shed light on how Gəʿəz might have sounded in Aksumite times: transcriptions in contemporary language, transcriptions and loanwords from contemporary languages, traditional pronunciation, the phonology of the daughter languages, and comparative evidence.
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Collier, Katie, Balthasar Bickel, Carel P. van Schaik, Marta B. Manser, and Simon W. Townsend. "Language evolution: syntax before phonology?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1788 (August 7, 2014): 20140263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0263.
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Phonology and syntax represent two layers of sound combination central to language's expressive power. Comparative animal studies represent one approach to understand the origins of these combinatorial layers. Traditionally, phonology, where meaningless sounds form words, has been considered a simpler combination than syntax, and thus should be more common in animals. A linguistically informed review of animal call sequences demonstrates that phonology in animal vocal systems is rare, whereas syntax is more widespread. In the light of this and the absence of phonology in some languages, we hypothesize that syntax, present in all languages, evolved before phonology.
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Hayward, R. J. "In defence of the skeletal tier." Studies in African Linguistics 19, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 131–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v19i2.107463.
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This paper investigates empirically the viability of a hypothesis (advanced by Lowenstamm & Kaye [1986]) that morphological classes (in particular, those typical in languages with nonconcatenative morphologies) are fully definable in terms of syllabic structure. This hypothesis has theoretical significance, for, if correct, the skeletal tier-generally regarded as a core object in autosegmental phonology--becomes a derivative and, consequently, redundant entity. Data from four Ethiopian Semitic languages are presented as evidence that it is not always possible to posit unique syllabifications for morphological classes and that underlyingly many such classes are only partially syllabified, full sy11abifiabi1ity being secured by processes occurring later in the derivation. Analyses are proposed for the data, which demonstrate the necessity for a non-derivative skeletal tier.
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Gong, Xun. "Uvulars and uvularization in Tangut phonology." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 21, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 175–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00060.gon.
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Abstract Tangut, a mediaeval Qiangic language (Sino-Tibetan family) distinguishes three grades (děng 等). The traditional Sofronov-Gong reconstruction of this distinction postulates different degrees of medial yod: Grade I {-Ø-}, Grade II {-i-}, Grade III {-j-}. The yods, however, are not supported by the transcriptional evidence. Based on cognates between Tangut and Rgyalrongic languages, this study proposes the uvularization hypothesis: Tangut syllables have contrastive uvularization. Grade I/II syllables are uvularized, while Grade III syllables are plain. For phonological velars, uvularized syllables trigger a uvular allophone, while plain syllables trigger a velar allophone. Tangut uvularization is an instance of a common typological feature in Qiangic languages, that of Guttural Secondary Vocalic Articulations (GSVA), variously termed uvularization, velarization, tenseness, or Retracted Tongue Root (RTR). Recognizing Tangut grades as a case of Qiangic GSVA has far-ranging potential consequences for Sino-Tibetan comparative linguistics.
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Garrigues, Stephen L. "Mimetic Parallels in Korean and Japanese." Studies in Language 19, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 359–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.19.2.03gar.
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Korean and Japanese are both known for their extensive utilization of mimetic adverbs. A comparative examination reveals the systematic nature of sound symbolism in the two languages and the striking parallels in their phonology and morphology. Similar mechanisms of symbolic sound alternation, suffixation and reduplication are utilized in both languages to extend the expressive range of mimetic words. The utilization of dark-bright vowel pairs in Korean mimesis is well known, and a comparison between the two languages shows that Japanese also makes use of similar patterns of mimetic volume pairs. Not only does a comparative approach help illuminate the full systematic nature of sound symbolism in each language, but it may also help further our understanding of the wider relationship between the two languages.
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Shibles, Warren. "The comparative Phonetics of Dutch and its Dialects." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 111-112 (January 1, 1996): 119–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.111-112.06shi.
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Abstract The literature on Dutch phonetics reveals a controversy about certain vowels and consonants. Dictionaries typically do not give phonetics, or if they do, it is not standard IPA, but Dutch-IPA, a personal, or local symbolism. In addition, transcriptions differ. The effect is that the researcher must use questionable symbols and descriptions, and that the language teacher and learner are not provided with a reliable or accessible resource for pronunciation. These difficulties are met here by the attempt to give more careful descriptions of articulations, and consonants. Terms for articulation are standardized, and an extended IPA vowel chart is given to provide a better descriptive analysis than is presently available. A system is presented for the consistent and precise location of vowels. This extended IPA system is used as the basis of phonetic description, analysis and comparison. Emphasis is on the specific case or paradigm method of the philosophy of science so that numerous examples must of necessity be given. This contrasts with the usual article on phonology which provides the fewest number of examples required to support a general or universal hypothesis. This is one of the important differences between phonetics and phonology. These examples provide data for phonology, further research, comparative and contrastive phonetics, as well as to aid the language teacher or learner. In addition, a phonetic comparison is given between Dutch and the Germanic languages.
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Arizo, Cristian D., Alyssa L. Palayon, Angela Paula V. Tornito, and Bayu Permana Sukma. "Comparative Analysis of Filipino and Indonesian Monophthongs." Lexeme : Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/ljlal.v2i2.8103.
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Filipino and Indonesian belong to the Austronesian language family and this explains why they exhibit many linguistic similarities and numerous cognates. This study aims to further compare the two languages and establish their connection through phonology. The researchers use the cognates to compare the Filipino and Indonesian monophthong vowels. Qualitative method is utilized. The result shows that Filipino and Indonesian have a very similar vowel system with the exception of Indonesian having /ə/ phoneme. It was also found out that most of the changes in monophthongs between the two languages appear in medial position. Moreover, most changes are from the mid back rounded vowel /o/ in Filipino to high back rounded vowel /u/ in Indonesian. Lastly, the changes in the unrounded vowels in Filipino usually appear in the initial and medial position whereas in the rounded vowels in Filipino, changes only appear in either the medial or final position.
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Goddard, Ives. "Leonard Bloomfield’s descriptive and comparative studies of Algonquian." Historiographia Linguistica 14, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1987): 179–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.14.1-2.17god.
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Summary Bloomfield’s Algonquian studies comprise a large body of descriptive and comparative work on Fox, Cree, Menominee, and Ojibwa. The materials he used were derived from his own fieldwork, for the most part, and especially in the case of Fox from the published work of others. His major achievement was to bring explicitness and orderliness to the description of Algonquian inflectional and derivational morphology. An examination of the development of his solution to certain phonological problems in Menominee and of his practices in editing his Menominee texts shows his struggle to reconcile the conflicting goals, formulated in his general statements (in his 1933 Language and elsewhere), of describing a language by determining the norm of the speech community and documenting a language in exhaustive objective detail. In his diachronic studies Bloomfield reconstructed the phonology of Proto-Algonquian and worked out the historical phonology of the languages he was concerned with; his work on morphology was largely confined to the comparison and reconstruction of directly corresponding features. A normative approach to variation is evident in these diachronic studies as well.
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Carvalho, Fernando O. de. "The historical phonology of Paunaka (Arawakan)." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 13, no. 2 (August 2018): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981.81222018000200008.
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Abstract This paper applies the comparative method to unravel the historical development of the segmental phonology of Paunaka, an Arawakan language of Bolivia. Although the Paunaka vowel system features a single back rounded vowel, it is rather simple to show that it derives from a system with two back rounded qualities *u and *o, but that the former segment shifted to a high central unrounded vowel ɨ. The language has lost *r unconditionally, implying that Paunaka items with r are probable loanwords. Paunaka underewent a spirantization of *ts, thus merging this affricate with the fricative *s. Although Paunaka shares a coronalization of *k > s with Proto-Mojeño, most of the phonological developments that affected Paunaka are either recurrent in the Arawakan language family or only superficially similar to developments in related languages, and thus provide little weight as evidence for subgrouping. An Appendix is also included, with 105 etymologies matching Paunaka lexical and grammatical morphemes with their cognates in Proto-Mojeño, the two extant Mojeño dialects (Ignaciano and Trinitario) and Terena.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethiopian languages – Phonology, Comparative"
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Rose, Sharon 1965. "Theoretical issues in comparative Ethio-Semitic phonology and morphology." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34531.
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This thesis explores three fundamental issues in the phonology and morphology of Ethiopian Semitic languages: mobile morphology, reduplication and epenthesis. In each chapter I draw on comparative evidence from different Ethiopian Semitic languages, an approach which provides greater insight into how the languages vary with respect to these three issues, and how the issues themselves are best analyzed.The first issue is that of 'mobile morphology' a term I coin to describe the ability of a particular morphological category to be realized on various segments within a stem. The two major types in the South Ethio-Semitic languages are palatalization and labialization. I develop an analysis of palatalization in five different languages which relies on a hierarchy of preferred targets, along with a number of constraints regulating the appearance of palatalization within the stem.
Ethio-Semitic languages have several different types of reduplication. I draw a distinction between phonological and morphological reduplication and argue that phonological reduplication should be viewed as copying rather long-distance geminate structures created by spreading. I also examine the interaction of reduplication with mobile morphology and I present an analysis of double reduplication, showing how languages will avoid the creation of double reduplication relationships.
I develop an analysis of epenthesis which contrasts the behaviour of one set of languages which epenthesize following final consonant clusters with other languages which epenthesize between consonant clusters. I show that while all Ethio-Semitic languages follow the same general pattern, this may be overridden by templatic constraints and more importantly, by sonority considerations holding of adjacent syllables in coda-onset sequences. This last observation is important because it shows that while languages may on the whole violate heterosyllabic contact constraints, in particular circumstances, the constraints will be obeyed, giving rise to an emergence of the unmarked scenario.
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Lin, Yen-Hwei. "Nasal Segments in Taiwanese Secret Languages." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227232.
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Language games have fascinated linguists in that they can provide unusual insight into the grammars of languages. The evidence provided by the study of a language game has usually been used by linguists to argue for certain phonological and morphological analysis of the source language. Recent studies of the mechanism that derives language games also discuss broader theoretical issues like the nature of this mechanism, its reflection of internal structure of the syllable and morpheme, its relationship with the morphological and phonological processes in natural languages, and the proper phonological and prosodic representations in describing the formation of language games (e.g., McCarthy 1981, 1982; Yip 1982 ). Chinese secret languages are language games spoken by children, thieves, or fortune tellers. They are also called Fanqie languages because their formation follows the traditional Chinese Fanqie principle which divides a syllable into an Initial and a Final. (1) gives some examples illustrating this traditional division of syllables . (1) Initials and Finals in Chinese (Tones are omitted): a. /ma/; Initials: /m/; Finals: /a/ b. /kuai/ [kway]; Initials: /k/; Finals: /uai/ [way] c. /pan/; Initials: /p/; Finals: /an/ d. /tuan/ [twan]; Initials: /t/; Finals: /uan/ [wan] e. /uan/ [wan]; Initials: none; Finals: /uan/ [wan]. Within a syllable the first consonant is the Initial, what remains is the Final. (1) e. is an example of the "zero Initial" syllable. Chao (1931) describes eight varieties of Chinese secret languages in terms of this traditional view on the Chinese syllable. In these languages each syllable is typically split into two syllables with the addition of a fixed Initial and /or a Final. For example, one of the Mandarin secret languages derives [may ka] from the base word /ma/, the fixed Initial /k/, and the fixed Final /ay /. Departing from this traditional view, Yip (1982) proposes to treat the formation of these secret languages as instances of reduplication within the framework of CV phonology (McCarthy 1979, Clements & Keyser 1983). In this paper I examine the behavior of nasal segments in Taiwanese secret languages described by Li (1985) in the hope of revealing the relationship between the phonological structure of the source language and that of the secret languages, and throwing some light on the understanding of the formal mechanism and principles employed by Chinese secret languages. I follow Yip in treating the formation of Chinese secret languages as reduplication,3 and assume an autosegmental model of phonology that incorporates underspecification (e.g. Archangeli & Pulleyblank 1986) and feature geometry (e.g. Clements 1985a; Sagey 1986). In Section 1, an introduction of three types of Taiwanese secret languages is given. Section 2 shows that the spreading of nasality of the nasalized vowels throughout the whole reduplicated domain in the secret language argues for the existence of a floating nasal feature in Taiwanese and the treatment of this domain as a basic morphological word. The behavior of the syllable final consonants in these Taiwanese secret languages presented in Section 3 calls for an assimilatory treatment rather than the dissimilatory one proposed by Yip (1982). Section 4 discusses some theoretical implications with respect to the theory of reduplication in analyzing the syllabic nasals in Taiwanese secret languages. Finally, a conclusion summaries the preceding sections.
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Yigezu, Moges. "A comparative study of the phonetics and phonology of Surmic languages." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211520.
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Janssens, Baudouin. "Doubles réflexes consonantiques: quatre études sur le bantou de zone A (bubi, nen, bafia, ewondo)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212773.
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Bagemihl, Bruce. "Alternate phonologies and morphologies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28617.
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This thesis investigates two types of alternate languages: LUDLINGS (also known as language games, speech disguises, etc.), which involve primarily nonconcatenative morphological manipulation of their source languages, and SURROGATE LANGUAGES, which substitute alternative sound-producing mechanisms (whistling or a musical instrument) for the larynx.
Chapter 2 explores the autonomy of surrogate systems in relation to both their own modalities and their source language phonologies. After presenting a formal analysis of Akan drum speech, I develop a complete model of the surrogate component. I argue that many properties which distinguish whistle surrogates from instrumental surrogates can only be attributed to the modular organization of this component. The last part of the chapter provides an inventory of the types of processes present in each module of the surrogate component.
Chapter 3 presents theoretical treatments of representatives of each of the three major categories of ludlings (templatic, infixing, and reversing), beginning with the katajjait (throat games) of the Canadian Inuit. Although customarily regarded as a form of music, the katajjait are actually a well-developed form of templatic ludling. The implications of an infixing ludling in Tigrinya for tiered and planar geometry are then investigated. The chapter concludes with a detailed analysis of reversing ludlings, based on a parametrized version of the Crossing Constraint.
In Chapter 4 I develop an integrated model of alternate linguistic systems, starting with an investigation of where in the grammar the ludling component is located. Drawing on data from more than fifty languages, I propose that there are three conversion modules in this component, each taking a well-defined level of representation as its input. In the last portion of the chapter I explore the possibility that one or more of these modules overlaps with the last module of the surrogate component. I conclude that the similarities exhibited by ludlings and surrogates are not due to a shared conversion module, but rather reflect the interaction of three factors: 1) the salience of certain levels of representation within the grammar; 2) general properties of the domains in which conversion takes place; and 3) membership in a common alternate linguistic component.Arts, Faculty of
Linguistics, Department of
Graduate
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Pinnow, Eleni. "The role of probabilistic phonotactics in the recognition of reduced pseudowords." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Souza, Erick Marcelo Lima de 1986. "Estudo fonológico da Língua Baniwa-Kuripako." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/268991.
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Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'AngelisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ErickMarceloLimade_M.pdf: 3918712 bytes, checksum: fcaf8a508391f3fb2888b49be1e919ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Este trabalho é um estudo tanto descritivo quanto comparativo do que consideramos duas variantes da mesma língua, conhecidas como Baniwa do Içana e Kuripako, pertencentes à família Aruak. Aqui, se faz uma análise linguística da relação entre ambas as variantes, pautada em parte do seu componente linguístico, isto é, o sistema fonológico, com vistas a colaborar para uma definição da classificação dialetal. Sua base teórica linguística é fundamentada nas ideias estruturalistas europeias da Escola de Praga. Neste trabalho, há uma discussão da variação dialetal deste ramo da família Aruak, um breve histórico dos estudos sobre esse ramo da família e uma descrição da fonologia da língua. Esta pesquisa é, assim, uma tentativa de discutir tanto questões da Fonologia quanto da Sociolingüística, com ênfase nos aspectos fonético-fonológicos como um dos requisitos para as discussões sobre variação dialetal
Abstract: This work is both a descriptive and comparative analysis, of what we consider two variants of the same language, known as Baniwa of Içana and Kuripako, which belong to the Arawakan family. Here there is a linguistic analysis of the relationship between both variants based in part of its linguistic component, it means, the phonologic system, in order to colaborate to a definition of the dialectical classification. Its linguistic theoretical basis is grounded on the structuralist ideas from the School of Prague. In this work, there is a discussion about the dialectical variation of this branch of the Arawakan Family, a brief history of the studies on the branch of this family and a description of the phonology of the language. This research is thus an attempt to discuss issues related to the Phonology and Sociolinguistics as well, with emphasis on the phonetic and phonological aspects as one of the requirements for the discussions about dialectical variation
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
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Cheucle, Marion. "Étude comparative des langues makaa-njem (bantu A80) : Phonologie, morphologie, lexique : Vers une reconstruction du proto-A80." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20071/document.
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La présente thèse propose une étude comparative des langues bantu A80 (aussi appelées « makaa-njem »). Celle-ci répond à un double objectif : proposer une synthèse des connaissances linguistiques (et des disciplines connexes) sur les langues du groupe A80, en apportant des données et analyses nouvelles pour le bekwel du Gabon, d’une part et présenter les résultats d’une étude comparative sur deux niveaux – synchronique et diachronique – d’autre part. La comparaison prend en compte huit langues A80 : le shiwa, le kwasio, le bekol, le makaa, le konzime, le njem, le bekwel et le mpiemo. Cette étude comparative adopte en premier lieu une perspective synchronique (correspondances « horizontales ») pour ensuite aborder les données sous un angle diachronique (correspondances « verticales », reconstructions et réflexes). Elle porte sur la phonologie et plus marginalement sur la morphologie nominale et verbale. L’étude se base également sur un lexique de 1029 cognats établis à partir de données de premières mains pour le bekwel et de données issues de la littérature spécialisée pour les autres langues. Les données ont été traitées à l’aide des outils du site du projet RefLex. La première partie de la thèse constitue une synthèse globale des connaissances sur les langues A80 et sur le bekwel en particulier. La deuxième partie présente le corpus (modalités de constitution, puis nature, provenance et traitement des données) et une série d’esquisses phonologiques (et morphologiques) synthétiques pour les huit langues élaborées sur la base des données collectées et/ou rassemblées. La troisième et dernière partie présente les résultats de l’étude comparative. Celle-ci met en lumière les processus morphologiques et phonologiques qui ont façonné les langues du groupe makaa-njem au cours de leur évolution. Au niveau morphologique, on relève une simplification du système des classes nominales (due à l’intégration de plusieurs anciens préfixes aux bases démultipliant le nombre de préfixe zéro), de nombreux cas de reclassement, le rôle d’anciens préfixes nasals dans le dévoisement des occlusives en initiale de base nominale ainsi que l’émergence de mi-voisées en bekwel. Au niveau de la phonologie, on observe une tendance au monosyllabisme plus ou moins avancé selon les langues. Celle-ci s’explique par l’étude diachronique qui met en évidence que les langues A80 ont souvent subi la chute de la voyelle finale (V2) ou parfois même de la syllabe finale. La voyelle initialement en V2 est généralement maintenue d’une manière ou d’une autre par des anticipations qui peuvent prendre plusieurs formes : diphtongaisons, séquences V11-V12 (parfois avec dévocalisation de V11), nouveaux timbres par coalescence, etc. Enfin, la conclusion de la thèse récapitule les principaux résultats concernant la morphologie, la phonologie et le lexique, et montre comment ces résultats pourront être utiles pour l’analyse et la description (futures) des langues A80This thesis presents a comparative study of the Bantu languages of the A80 group (also known as Makaa-Njem). The goal of the thesis is two-fold: (i) offer a synthesis of the state of knowledge in linguistics (and related disciplines) about the languages of the Bantu A80 group by adding new data and analysis for the Bekwel language of Gabon ; (ii) present the results of a comparative study at the synchronic and diachronic levels. The comparative study includes eight A80 languages: Shiwa, Kwasio, Bekol, Makaa, Konzime, Njem, Bekwel and Mpiemo. The study adopts in the first place a synchronic perspective ("horizontal" correspondences) then approaches the same data from a diachronic point of view ("vertical" correspondences, reconstructions and reflexes), focusing mainly on phonology, and to a lesser extent, on nominal and verbal morphology. It is based on a 1029 cognate lexicon established on the basis of first-hand data for Bekwel and published data for the other languages. Data was processed using the online tools of the RefLex project.The first part of the thesis establishes a general summary of the knowledge on the Bantu A80 languages and on Bekwel in particular. The second part presents the corpus (gathering methods then nature of the data, sources and processing) and a series of concise phonological (and morphological) sketches for all eight languages constituted on the basis of the collected and/or compiled data. The third and final part presents the results of the comparative study. It brings into light the morphological and phonological processes that have shaped the languages of the Makaa-Njem group through their evolution. At the morphological level, it reveals a process of simplification of the noun class system (due to the assimilation of old prefixes into the stems leading to an increase in the number of zero prefixes), numerous cases of re-classification and the role of old nasal prefixes in occlusive devoicing stem initially as well as the mergence of semi-voiced consonants in Bekwel. At the phonological level, a tendency to monosyllabicity can be observed, at a greater or lesser extent depending on the language. This finds an explanation in the diachronic analysis that shows that the languages of the A80 group often were subject to final vowel dropping (V2), in some cases even the whole final syllable. The vowel originally in V2 is generally preserved thanks to anticipations of various types: emergence of diphthongs, V11-V12 sequences (sometimes including devocalization of V11), new vowel quality by fusion, etc. Finally, the conclusion of the thesis summarizes the main results with regards to morphology, phonology and the lexicon, illustrating how these results will be useful for (future) analyses and descriptions of languages of the A80 group
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Chen, Chun-mei. "A comparative study on Formosan phonology: Paiwan and Budai Rukai." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3758.
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Zungu, Elphas Mphunyuzwa. "A comparative phonological and morphological analysis of the North and South Lala dialects of Tekela Nguni." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17881.
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This research work has several aims, demanded by a number of external and internal factors.
First of all, it aims to identify Lala: whether it is simply a dialect of Tekela- Nguni, or perhaps
the substratum Bantu language spoken in the eastern parts of Southern Africa since the fourth
century of the first millennium A.D. on which every new migratory wave imposed its language
(chapters one and two). The lexical-statistical method has been attempted (chapter three), but
with mixed results. In fact, relexification is widely used in southern African societies, and this
renders the identification of the core vocabulary a very difficult task. The result is that all that
can be said is that Lala indeed shows the characteristics of a Tekela-Nguni language, but it is
impossible to determine at this stage whether Lala is the mother or the daughter of Tekela.
Another important aim, dictated by an earlier research by Wilkes (1981 ), was to compare
the two main branches of Lala, called North and South Lala, to prove whether the differences
between the two dialects are so wide as to justify a division into two separate entities or not.
Here the verdict is emphatically negative. In fact the various stages of the research abundantly
re-affirm the view that Lala is one language, with only marginal differences caused by the
different linguistic environments: Zulu in the north and IsiZansi in the south.
African societies in this part of the world have affirmed themselves in the realm of the
written word only recently, i.e. during the last 150 years or so. The background culture of these
societies is still vigorously oral, and this means that the spoken word is used for much more than
simple communication of thought and feeling. Language is felt as the major binding element in
a society that has seen constant political break-ups, upheavals, migrations, wars, attempted
exterminations. This means that Lala, as a language or the dominant dialect of a group, is
banded about as a cultural-historical flag around which people are proud to gather. This sense
of unity is an emotion, a feeling, rather than a deep reality. The colours of the flag, or the
distinguishing elements of the language, may be fading away, and only a core might be preserved.
But this is quite enough to kindle emotions and to rally people. At least in areas where people are
still proud of their cultural heritage.
hnicity and language should not be the same, but most of the people interviewed (cf
chapter two) felt very strongly that they were Lalas because they spoke Lala; and that they spoke
Lala because they are Lalas. Their either glorious or sad histories are recorded in chapter two
to demonstrate how Shaka's wars, and the Mfecane, forced them to leave their homeland and to
migrate. The trauma of this latest migration is still felt so strongly that it is often superimposed
and confused with the great migrations from Central and Western Africa that took place in
mythological times, or very long ago. But through their histories, they keep alive their memories
and the certainty of the unity of the Lala nation, even though it is now spread from Kranskop to
Harding and IZingolweni.
Chapter four examines the phonetics and phonology of the two Lala dialects in the
context of Swati and Zulu. Lala is a Tekela dialect indeed, but with its own phonetic and
phonological peculiarities. The same can be said with regard to the research exposed in chapter
five, on the morphology of Lala compared to Swati and Zulu. The grammatical system among
the three languages is extremely similar, and there is hardly any substantial difference between
North and South Lala. This can also be said with regard to tonology (chapter six)
The last chapter reflects on what has been achieved. The ancient Lala language, about
which James Stuart stated in the 1920's that it was nearly extinct, is proving very strong and
resilient. Possibly the very dynamism experienced in its ability to adapt to the colonial languages
and the new material culture by assimilating many foreign lexical items, and that South Lala has
adopted many words from IsiZansi, is proof that Lala has got a life of its own that cannot be
taken for granted, nor extinguished.
The more one is able to study the local languages, the more one dusts up some ancient
treasure that needs to be admired and constantly re-valued. The functional word here is
'treasure': because all languages, as carriers of culture, are a treasure that together form the
mosaic of our beautiful "Rainbow Nation".African Languages
D.Litt et Phil.
Books on the topic "Ethiopian languages – Phonology, Comparative"
1
Deklarative prosodische Morphologie: Constraint-basierte Analysen und Computermodelle zum Finnischen und Tigrinya. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1999.
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3
Sidwell, Paul. The Katuic languages: Classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon. Muenchen: Lincom Europa, 2005.
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4
Lomtʻaże, Amiran. Spirantebisa da apʻrikatebis pʻonetikuri saxecʻvlilebani kʻartʻvelur enebši: Istoriul-šedarebitʻi analizi. Tʻbilisi: Gamomcʻemloba "Kʻartʻuli ena", 1999.
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5
Verner, G. K. Sravnitelʹnai͡a︡ fonetika eniseĭskikh i͡a︡zykov. Taganrog: Taganrogskiĭ pedagog. in-t, 1991.
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6
Zhvanii͡a, N. A. Distribut͡s︡ii͡a︡ soglasnykh v kornevykh morfemakh semitskikh i͡a︡zykov Ėfiopii. Tbilisi: "Met͡s︡niereba", 1985.
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7
J, Gedney William, ed. William J. Gedney's comparative Tai source book. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2008.
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8
Mouguiama-Daouda, Patrick. Contribution de la linguistique à l'histoire des peuples du Gabon: La méthode comparative et son application au bantu. Paris: CNRS, 2005.
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9
Etude comparative des parlers mandingues du Sénégal: Dialectologie et phonologie. Niamey, Niger: Organisation de l'unité africaine, Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale, 1985.
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10
Channon, Rachel. Formational units in sign languages. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ethiopian languages – Phonology, Comparative"
1
"Phonology: historical and comparative." In The Dravidian Languages, 90–178. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511486876.006.
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2
"Remarks on Current Issues of Comparative Historical Phonology." In Remarks on the Phonological Evolution of Russian in Comparison with the Other Slavic Languages. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11711.003.0006.
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3
"Annotations to Chapter 2, Remarks on Current Issues of Comparative Historical Phonology." In Remarks on the Phonological Evolution of Russian in Comparison with the Other Slavic Languages. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11711.003.0007.
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4
Hübler, Nataliia. "Typological profile of the Transeurasian languages from a quantitative perspective." In The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages, 144–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides an overview of the typological features of the Transeurasian (Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Japonic, Koreanic) languages, including brief descriptions of the phonology and morphosyntax of these languages. Through the application of phylogenetic comparative methods, a set of structural features with a high phylogenetic signal is delimited. These features can be assumed to be genealogically stable. The trees achieved by Bayesian tree-sampling based on all 226 features are compared with those derived via the 97 structural features with a high phylogenetic signal and the conclusion reached is that the data set with presumably stable structural features does not provide a tree that is compatible with the language history assumed by classical historical linguists. Neither the full nor the reduced feature set provides a reliable internal classification of the Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, and Japonic language families.
Conference papers on the topic "Ethiopian languages – Phonology, Comparative"
1
Singh, Anil Kumar, and Harshit Surana. "Can corpus based measures be used for comparative study of languages?" In Ninth Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Morphology and Phonology. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1626516.1626522.
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Vong, Meng. "Southeast Asia: Linguistic Perspectives." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-2.
Full textAbstract:
Southeast Asia (SEA) is not only rich in multicultural areas but also rich in multilingual nations with the population of more than 624 million and more than 1,253 languages (Ethnologue 2015). With the cultural uniqueness of each country, this region also accords each national languages with language planning and political management. This strategy brings a challenges to SEA and can lead to conflicts among other ethnic groups, largely owing to leadership. The ethnic conflicts of SEA bring controversy between governments and minorities, such as the ethnic conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, the Muslim population of the south Thailand, and the Bangsa Moro of Mindanao, of the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the linguistic perspectives of SEA. This research examines two main problems. First, this paper investigates the linguistic area which refers to a geographical area in which genetically unrelated languages have come to share many linguistic features as a result of long mutual influence. The SEA has been called a linguistic area because languages share many features in common such as lexical tone, classifiers, serial verbs, verb-final items, prepositions, and noun-adjective order. SEA consists of five language families such as Austronesian, Mon-Khmer, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Hmong-Mien. Second, this paper also examines why each nation of SEA takes one language to become the national language of the nation. The National language plays an important role in the educational system because some nations take the same languages as a national language—the Malay language in the case of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The research method of this paper is to apply comparative method to find out the linguistic features of the languages of SEA in terms of phonology, morphology, and grammar.