Academic literature on the topic 'Ethiopian movement (South Africa)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethiopian movement (South Africa)"
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Cobley, Alan Gregor. "The ‘African National Church’: Self-Determination and Political Struggle Among Black Christians in South Africa to 1948." Church History 60, no. 3 (September 1991): 356–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167472.
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The first generations of black Christians in Southern Africa went through a painful process of critical examination and experiment as they struggled to assimilate new economic, social, and religious values. These values were presented to them mainly by white missionaries and were based largely on European models. It was as part of this dialectical process that an independent black churches movement—quickly labeled by friends and foes the “Ethiopian Movement”—had emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. The independent black churches spread and multiplied rapidly in South Africa. By 1919 there were seventy-six recognized sects; however, there were many more which were not officially recognized. A black newspaper reported in 1921 that there were “at least one thousand natives within the municipal boundary of Johannesburg who call themselves ministers, but who are unattached to any recognised chuch, and who live on the offerings of their respective flocks.” Although many members of these churches were active politically, the most pervasive influence of the movement was on the ideology of African nationalism, as the role of the church became a recurring theme in debates on the development of an African national identity.
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Gorelik, Boris. "Leo Tolstoy’s Anti-Colonial Views and Their Influence on Liberation Movements in Africa." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 66, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2024-66-1-6-18.
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Leo Tolstoy is one of the few Russian thinkers of the pre-Soviet era whose views influenced leaders of liberation movements in Africa. Soviet researchers explored his anti-colonial views and their perception in the African continent. Although based on extensive source material, these publications are overly ideologized. The topic is reconsidered, using previously untapped archival data, as well as publications which appeared in Russia and internationally over the past thirty years. Tolstoy’s first attempts to speak out in the press about the colonial partition of Africa date to the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1895–1896. He denounced colonial expansion as an attempt by governments to distract their people from problems at home and force them to sacrifice themselves for business and political interests of others. Tolstoy advised people in metropoles not to take part in colonial schemes, and prompted colonised peoples to defend their rights through peaceful means so that the vicious circle of violence could be broken. His anticolonial rhetoric resonated in Africa, and from the beginning of the 20th century, his ideas were accepted as a guideline. M.K. Gandhi, a future leader of the struggle for Indian independence, who spearheaded a civil-rights movement of South African Indians in the 1900s, used Tolstoy’s ideas in developing his tactics of nonviolent resistance (satyagraha). Indirectly, these ideas continued to impact the South African liberation movement thanks to Gandhi’s influence. It was not until 1961 that the African National Congress (ANC) had to form a military organisation to fight against the apartheid regime. Yet the ANC managed to achieve a non-violent transition from apartheid to non-racial democracy. The success is associated with President N.R. Mandela, who shared Tolstoy’s views on the need to abandon armed confrontation.
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Byomi, Ahmed, Sherif Zidan, Emad Sakr, Nourhan Eissa, and Yumna Elsobky. "Prevalence of Foot and Mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt and other African countries." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 78, no. 1 (2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.153493.
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Foot and mouth disease is endemic in nearly all countries of Africa. The highest prevalence of FMD was detected in Mauritius and Comoros while the lowest prevalence was reported in Mozambique, Namibia, Angola, Malawi, South Africa, Mauritania, Botswana, and Uganda. Serotype A was circulated in 11 African countries. The results showed that serotype A was more prevalent in the northern and eastern parts of Africa than in the southern and western parts. The highest prevalence of serotype A was found in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia, while the lowest prevalence was observed in Uganda. Co-circulation of serotype A with other serotypes has been observed in some countries, such as Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Kenya. This is likely due to the illegal movement of livestock between these countries. Serotype O was the most predominant serotype in Africa. The results found that serotype O was more prevalent in the northern, eastern, and western parts of Africa than in the southern part. The highest prevalence of serotype O was recorded in Mauritius and Comoros, while the lowest prevalence was found in Eritrea, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Zambia. Unlike Serotype A and O, SAT1 was distributed in 6 African countries. The results revealed that serotype SAT1 was more prevalent in the eastern and southern parts of Africa than in the western and northern parts. The highest prevalence of serotype SAT1 was reported in Zimbabwe, while the lowest prevalence was in Botswana and South Africa. the study also found that the circulating serotype SAT1 was the same genetically in Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa. This suggests that the virus is being transmitted between these countries, either through the illegal movement of livestock or through the movement of wild animals. Serotype SAT2 was widely distributed across African countries. The highest probability of infection of serotype SAT2 was found in Egypt, while the lowest probability of infection was observed in Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, Malawi, Zambia, Mauritania, Botswana, and South Africa. SAT3 serotype being the lowest circulating serotype of FMDV in Africa, it was distributed only in 3 African countries. The results stated that serotype SAT3 was only found in three African countries: Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Based on the raster risk map, northern, eastern, and southern African countries were determined to have the highest predicted risk of FMD spatial occurrence during the study period.
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Naty, Alexander, Morie Kaneko (ed.), and Masayoshi Shigeta (ed.). "The ak’aat k’aal movement among the Aari people of south-west Ethiopia." Aethiopica 9 (September 24, 2012): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.9.1.240.
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Students of African studies have reported a variety of religious movements under the rubric of independent churches. These include the Cherubim and Seraphim, the Church of the Lord, the Church of Simon Kimbangu, the Zionist and Ethiopianist’s independent churches in southern Africa. Most of these churches emerged in those countries that were under European colonial domination. Ethiopia did not experience European colonialism. Indeed, imperial Ethiopia conquered militarily less powerful kingdoms and chiefdoms that were located to the south and south-western of the then Abyssinia. The conquest of formerly independent populations in southern Ethiopia during the late nineteenth century introduced unequal power relations between the indigenous people and the new settlers. This paper examines the evolution of a religious movement referred to as ak’aat k’aal among the Aari people of south-west Ethiopia in the context of the indigenous forms of domination. Although the movement was short-lived, it was meant to enable the Aari to cope with the social psychological stress that the serfdom system generated. The Aari were not able to practice their traditional religion because of the serfdom. Therefore, they had to abandon their religion. However, doing this without finding a substitute was incompatible with Aari religious ideology. The ak’aat k’aal was a substitute just for a short period. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
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Houle, Robert. "Mbiya Kuzwayo's Christianity: Revival, Reformation and the Surprising Viability of Mainline Churches in South Africa." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 2 (2008): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x289666.
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AbstractMuch of the credit for the vitality of Christianity in southern Africa has gone to the African Initiated Churches that date their birth to earlier 'Ethiopian' and 'Zionist' movements. Yet far from being compromised, as they are often portrayed, those African Christians remaining in the mission churches often played a critical role in the naturalization of the faith. In the churches of the American Zulu Mission, the largest mission body in colonial Natal, one of the most important moments in this process occurred at the end of the nineteenth century when participants in a revival, led in part by a young Zulu Christian named Mbiya Kuzwayo, employed the theology of Holiness to dramatically alter the nature of their lived Christianity and bring about an internal revolution that gave them effective control of their churches.
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Tolawak, Dinaol, and Mahendra Pal. "A review on the FMD in Ethiopia." Research in Veterinary Science and Medicine 2 (August 10, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/rvsm_4_2022.
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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most widespread diseases of animals in the world. The disease is caused by the foot and mouth virus which is a highly infectious disease that is recorded in many species of animals and also very occasionally in humans. To create new subtypes of the virus, mutations were made in the three major surface proteins (VP1–VP3) and occurred in the tissue culture. FMD virus affects the cloven-footed domestic and wild ungulates. FMD in susceptible animals has a high morbidity rate, but a low mortality rate. The disease can be serious in young calves as fatality may reach up to 20%. Many FMD outbreaks in Africa have been caused by the movement of infected livestock. Common symptoms of the disease include fever, loss of appetite, salivation, and sudden death of young livestock. Aerosolized virus spread is the most common mode of transmission. Serological tests and nucleic acid recognition are the most common methods of confirming an unequivocal diagnosis of a disease. FMD is subject to national and international control and the measure is taken depending on whether the country is free from the disease or endemic infection. FMD is endemic and widely prevalent in all areas of the Ethiopian country. There was a significant proportion of the serotypes O, A, South Africa Territories (SAT)-2, SAT-1, and C in Addis Ababa, Amhara, Tigray, Benishangul-Gumuz, and SNNPRS, respectively. So far, a seroprevalence study in Ethiopia has indicated that the prevalence in cattle varies from 0.8% to 53.6%. FMD can be controlled with quarantine, restrictions on animal movement, isolation of infected animals, vaccination programs, properly disposing of infected carcasses, as well as other means, which are practical for Ethiopia.
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MAXWELL, DAVID. "HISTORICIZING CHRISTIAN INDEPENDENCY: THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENT c. 1908–60." Journal of African History 40, no. 2 (July 1999): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185379800735x.
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Scholarly study of Christian independency in southern Africa began with the publication of Bengt Sundkler's Bantu Prophets in 1948. A rich literature subsequently followed, much of it deploying his now classic typology of Ethiopian and Zionist Churches. Nevertheless, the historical study of independency has been limited. As one scholar has recently observed, historians have tended to focus on the Ethiopian-type churches, leaving the study of the Zionist-type to anthropologists and missiologists. The neglect of Zionist-type churches by historians meant that early studies on this form of Christianity were historically weak. Missiologists distorted the whole area of inquiry with theological concerns, at first raising the spectre of syncretistic heresy, and more recently making claims about indigenous authenticity. Anthropologists initially viewed independent churches as fascinating examples of cultural resilience. The movements were seen as sources of community, loyalty and security in the face of the atomising and anomic experience of urbanization; or as foci for ‘the process of modification and adaptation’ taking place throughout rural society. But anthropologists rarely paid attention to independency's origins. Where historians did engage with Zionist-type independency, they did so through the spectacles of nationalist historiography in order to demonstrate independency's supposed proto-nationalist character.By adopting an international and regional perspective, this article provides an account of the historical origins and early evolution of these churches. Where scholars in the past have tended to disaggregate the movement, essentializing its later racial and geographical boundaries, this paper will draw the early history of the movement together, illuminating its common origin and global character. The basic ingredients of this account have been available in the work of Walter Hollenweger, Jean Comaroff, Sundkler's later book, and more recently, studies by Jim Kiernan and David Chidester. Nevertheless, the historical implication that so-called African independent churches emerged out of the global pentecostal movement continues to be ignored.The purpose of demonstrating the origins of southern African pentecostalism is not to make the now commonplace historical and anthropological critique of authenticity, although those pursuing a theological agenda which distinguishes African Independent Churches as a separate category of Christianity would do well to pay heed to that critique. Neither is it assumed that analysis of origins explains the meaning and appeal of different southern African pentecostal movements and denominations. Rather, this paper demonstrates that pentecostalism is a global phenomenon: a collection of vital and powerful idioms about illness and healing, evil and purity which make striking resonances with peoples sharing common historical experiences of marginalization from established religion and from the values of twentieth-century industrial capitalism. At the same time pentecostalism has also exhibited a remarkable capacity to localize itself, taking on very distinct meanings in different local contexts. At the heart of this paper lies a comparative analysis of the radically different responses which the movement engendered from the South African and Southern Rhodesian states.
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Gorokhov, Stanislav. "Migrant crisis in the East Africa region." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080023788-3.
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The article examines the policy of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda and Eritrea in the context of the possibility of a coordinated response to the challenges of migrant crises. Large-scale and stable migration ties have developed between the countries that form the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in East Africa, and common principles of migration policy are being implemented, which indicates the formation of a unified migration system. The movement of migrants within the framework of the latter occurs along four major international routes: Horn of Africa route (between Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea and neighboring countries of East Africa); Eastern route (from the countries of East Africa through Djibouti, Somalia and Yemen – mainly to the oil-producing countries of the Arabian Peninsula); Southern route (through Kenya, Uganda to South Africa); Northern route (through the countries of North Africa – to Italy and Spain; another branch runs through Egypt, Israel, the Arab countries of Asia and Turkey). The main weak point of the overall policy of the IGAD countries is that not all countries in the region have ratified the full set of intra-African agreements in the field of migration. It has been established that the migration crisis in the East Africa surpasses the European one in its scale and impact on the countries of the region and can lead to negative consequences on a global scale if the world community does not use the available resources – political and financial – to solve the whole range of problems that caused the crisis.
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Mzondi, Abraham Modisa Mkhondo. "Looking Back: Theological Reflections on the Intersection between Pentecostalism and Ubuntu within the African Section of the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa." Religions 14, no. 10 (October 9, 2023): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14101274.
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Syncretism in the African section of South African Pentecostalism followed the emergence of the Ethiopian movement. The latter took the lead in promoting the syncretising of Christianity and African culture and practice (hereinafter referred to as Ubuntu). A similar syncretism emerged in the Christian Catholic Church in Zion in Wakkerstroom, the “black section of the Apostolic Faith Mission”, soon after the departure of Reverend Pieter Le Roux, who was appointed to lead the Apostolic Faith Mission in Johannesburg since John G. Lake was returning to the USA. This article intends to show that such syncretism did not occur in a vacuum. Rather, it was influenced by the interpretation of some portions of Scripture, the influence of John Alexander Dowie’s praxis and some dreams and visions of a leader of the Christian Catholic Church in Zion in Wakkerstroom. This form of syncretism later permeated subsequent sections of African Pentecostalism in the Apostolic Faith Mission, resulting in the emergence of two categories of African Pentecostalism in the church: namely, those who accept this phenomenon and those who abandon it. These past developments position the Apostolic Faith Mission as a prime example to use in analysing syncretism in Pentecostalism and how it could be addressed by taking cognisance of Ubuntu without committing syncretism. Hence, the following question arises: How can theological reflections on the past experiences of the black section of the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa contribute to promoting a biblical approach that takes cognisance of Ubuntu without committing syncretism? This article applies the Magadi research method conceptualised for practical theology to answer this question. It further demonstrates that it is possible to promote a biblical approach that embraces Ubuntu without committing syncretism.
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Price, Charles Reavis. "‘Cleave to the Black’: expressions of Ethiopianism in Jamaica." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 77, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002528.
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Describes the development of Ethiopianism, and illustrates its ideological and thematic content and manifestations, especially focusing on Jamaica, while also referring to the US and South Africa. First, the author outlines the content of Ethiopianism, describing how it is pro-black, contests white hegemony, colonialism, poverty and oppression, looks at Africa, and points at black people's redemption. Therefore the Bible is reread, Africa (Ethiopia) the holy land, and God considered black. He discusses Ethiopianism's early origins in the slavery period, and how it could take political as well as non-political, mental forms. Author points at the 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion as the vital link in developing Ethiopianism in Jamaica, and then describes 3 groups/movements embodying the movement: the influence of the preacher Bedward and his teachings against black oppression, Marcus Garvey's teachings and activities for black progress, and the first Rastafarians between 1930 and 1938, who were in part influenced by Bedward and Garvey.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethiopian movement (South Africa)"
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Vollgraaff, Helene. "Values and the environmental/green movement of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52602.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emergence and growth of the environmental/green movement has been linked to a value shift from materialism towards postmaterialism. In this study, the emergence of the South African environmental/green movement and its growth potential is investigated within the context of Ronald Inglehart's value change theory and its implications for developing societies. The positive link between postmaterialism and environmentalism is well researched and widely accepted. However, many researchers focusing on developing societies argue that a shift towards postmaterialism does not adequately explain the emergence of environmentalism, because environmentalism is taking root in developing societies despite postmaterialist values not being prioritised. This relationship is investigated by means of a literature study about the values, principles and issues addressed by the environmental/green movement. It is argued in this study that environmentalism can indeed be linked to postmaterialism, but that prematerialist values could also playa role, especially in developing societies. The South African environmental/green movement is discussed as an example of environmentalism in a developing society. The South African movement is often described as a white middle class movement. It is argued on the basis of a literature study that the movement has changed considerably and incorporates a wide range of interests ranging from more conservative forms of environmentalism to radical political forms of environmentalism such as environmental justice. This change is linked to the concepts of prematerialism and postmaterialism emphasising that both sets of goals seems to be prioritised by different discourses within the movement. Issues concerning both the welloff and the poor are addressed by the movement. This is followed by an analysis of the 1995 World Value survey data set to obtain a demographic and socio-economic profile of the active members of an environmental organisation and the environmentally concerned. The relationship between active membership of an environmental organisation, the environmentally concerned and the concepts of prematerialism, materialism and postmaterialism is also established. The positive relationship between postmaterialism and environmentalism is confirmed, but contradictory results have been found regarding the relationship between prematerialism and environmentalism. This can possibly be attributed to the inadequate survey material that is available. Although active membership of an environmental organisation correlates positively with prematerialism, no relationship could be found between environmental concern and prematerialism. Lastly, a demographic and socio-economic profile of the "don't know" response group has also been compiled as this group is an important target group for the expansion of the environmental/green movement.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die totstandkoming en groei van die groen- of omgewingsbeweging word gekoppel aan 'n waardeverskuiwing van materialisme na postmaterialisme. Die totstandkoming van die Suid-Afrikaanse groen/omgewingsbeweging en die groeipotensiaal daarvan word ill hierdie studie ondersoek binne die raamwerk van Ronald Inglehart se waardeverskuiwingsteorie en die implikasies daarvan vir ontwikkelende lande. Die positiewe verband tussen postmaterialisme en omgewingsbewustheid is goed nagevors en geniet wye aanvaarding. Tog het verskeie navorsers, veral dié wat op ontwikkelende lande fokus, probleme daarmee. Hierdie navorsers argumenteer dat postmaterialisme nie die totstandkoming van die omgewingsbeweging in ontwikkelende lande voldoende verklaar nie, aangesien die beweging in hierdie lande posgevat het terwyl die prioritisering van postmaterialisme ontbreek. Hierdie verband word ondersoek d.m.v. 'n literatuurstudie oor die waardes, beginsels en vraagstukke wat deur die groen/omgewingsbeweging aangespreek word. Daar word in hierdie studie geargumenteer dat omgewingsbewustheid wel aan postmaterialisme gekoppel kan word, maar dat prematerialistiese waardes waarskynlik ook 'n rol kan speel, veral in ontwikkelende lande. Die Suid-Afrikaanse groen/omgewingsbeweging word beskryf as 'n voorbeeld van omgewingsbewustheid in 'n ontwikkelende land. Die Suid-Afrikaanse beweging word dikwels beskryf as 'n wit middelklasbeweging. Daar word op grond van 'n literatuurstudie geargumenteer dat die beweging aansienlik verander het sodat dit nou 'n breë verskeidendenheid van belange aanspreek wat wissel van die meer konserwatiewe vorme van omgewingsbewustheid tot die radikale politieke vorme soos byvoorbeeld omgewingsregverdigheid (Eng: environmental justice). Die verskuiwing word aan die konsepte van postmaterialisme en prematerialisme verbind. Dit word beklemtoon dat verskillende groeperings binne die groen/omgewingsbeweging verskillende waardes prioritiseer. Vraagstukke wat beide die welvarendes en die armes raak, word deur die beweging aangespreek. Die literatuurstudie word gevolg deur 'n analise van die 1995 World Value Survey datastel. 'n Demografiese en sosio-ekonomiese profiel van die aktiewe lede van 'n omgewingsorganisasie en respondente wat as omgewingsbewus geïdentifiseer is, is opgestel. Die verhouding tussen die konsepte van prematerialisme, materialisme en postmaterialisme en aktiewe lidmaatskap van 'n omgewingsorganisasie aan die een kant en omgewingsbewustheid aan ander kant word ook bespreek. Die positiewe verband tussen postmaterialisme en omgewingsbewustheid, sowel as aktiewe lidmaatskap word deur die data bevestig. 'n Positiewe verband is ook tussen aktiewe lidmaatskap van 'n omgewingsorganisasie en prematerialisme gevind, maar teenstrydige resulte is gevind rakende die verband tussen omgewingsbewustheid en prematerialisme. Hierdie resultate kan egter moontlik beïnvloed wees deur die onvoldoende meetinstrument wat beskikbaar is. Laastens is 'n demografiese en sosio-ekonomiese profiel van die "weet nie" responsgroep saamgestel, aangesien hierdie groep 'n belangrike teiken is indien die groen/omgewingsbeweging wil uitbrei.
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Escobar-Porras, Jessica. "Movement patterns and population dynamics of four catsharks endemic to South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005148.
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Sharks are particularly vulnerable to over-exploitation. Although catsharks are an important component of the near-shore marine biodiversity in South Africa and most of the species are endemic, little is known about their movement patterns, home range and population size. With an increasing number of recreational fishers this information is crucial for their conservation. The aims of this study were threefold. Firstly, to identify and analyze existing data sources on movement patterns and population dynamics for four catshark species: pyjama (Poroderma africanum), leopard (P. pantherinum), puffadder (Haploblepharus edwarsii) and brown (H. fuscus). This highlighted a number of shortcomings with existing data sets, largely because these studies had diverse objectives and were not aimed solely at catsharks. Secondly, a dedicated study was carried out for a limited area, testing a number of methods for data collection, and where appropriate the data was analyzed to determine movement patterns and population numbers. Thirdly, the most appropriate methodology for future studies (with similar objectives) was identified, and the results of the study were used to propose a number of conservation measures. All species of catsharks exhibited strong site fidelity and limited dispersal for extended periods. A few individuals did, however, travel distances in excess of 150 km. Significant trends in temporal abundance were not observed, nevertheless, there was some evidence for higher catches from September to December. Population estimates for the study area were low, with P. africanum having the smallest population size while H. fuscus had the highest population size within the restricted study area. Limited movements, high site fidelity and small population sizes emphasize their vulnerability and suggest that catsharks would benefit from no-take marine protected areas.
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Ramlachan, Molly. "Social movement learning: collective, participatory learning within the Jyoti Jivanam Movement of South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4301.
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The purpose of this research paper is to explore and examine the nature of learning within the context of and situated within a social movement. Based on an exploratory qualitative study of learning within the Jyoti Jivanam Movement of South Africa, this research explores the nature and purpose/s of learning within a social movement. Accordingly, this study is guided by the research questions: How and why do adults learn as they collectively participate in social movements; and what factors facilitate, contribute, hinder and influence learning within social movement? This study confirms that social movements are important sites for collective learning and knowledge construction. For this reason, social movements need to be acknowledged as pedagogical sites that afford adults worthwhile learning opportunities. Furthermore, social movements, as pedagogical sites, not only contribute to conceptions of what constitute legitimate knowledge(s), social movements also contribute to the creation of transformative knowledge(s).Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL)
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Rhamachan, Molly. "Social movement learning: Collective,participatory learning within the jyoti jivanam movement of south Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4401.
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Magister Educationis (Adult Learning and Global Change) - MEd(AL)The purpose of this research paper is to explore and examine the nature of learning within the context of and situated within a social movement. Based on an exploratory qualitative study of learning within the Jyoti Jivanam Movement of South Africa, this research explores the nature and purpose/s of learning within a social movement. Accordingly, this study is guided by the research questions: How and why do adults learn as they collectively participate in social movements; and what factors facilitate, contribute, hinder and influence learning within social movement? This study confirms that social movements are important sites for. Collective learning and knowledge construction. For this reason, social movements need to be acknowledged as pedagogical sites that afford adults worthwhile learning opportunities. Furthermore, social movements, as pedagogical sites, not only contribute to conceptions of what constitute legitimate knowledge(s), social movements also contribute to the creation of transformative knowledge(s).
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Jennings, Mark. "The British trade union movement and South Africa 1953-1985." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357591.
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Murray, Taryn Sara. "Movement patterns and genetic stock delineation of an endemic South African sparid, the Poenskop, Cymatoceps nasutus (Castelnau, 1861)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001514.
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Poenskop Cymatoceps nasutus (Pisces: Sparidae), an endemic South African sparid, is an important angling species being predominantly targeted by the recreational shore and skiboat sector. This species is slow-growing, long-lived, late-maturing and sex-changing, making poenskop acutely sensitive to over-exploitation. Despite interventions, such as the imposition of size and bag limits (currently 50 cm TL and one per licensed fisher per day) by authorities, catch-per-unit-effort trends reflect a severe and consistent stock decline over the last two decades. Poenskop has been identified as a priority species for research and conservation. Although the biology and population dynamics of this species have been well-documented, little is known about the movement behaviour of poenskop. Furthermore, there is a complete lack of information on its genetic stock structure. This thesis aimed to address the current knowledge gaps concerning movement behaviour and genetic stock structure of poenskop, making use of a range of methods and drawing on available information, including available fishery records as well as published and unpublished survey and research data, and data from long-term monitoring programmes. Analysis of available catch data (published and unpublished) revealed a decline in the number of poenskop caught as well as size of fish taken over the last two decades, ultimately reflecting the collapse of the stock (estimated to be at 20% of their pristine level). Improved catch-per-unit-effort data from the Tsitsikamma National Park Marine Protected Area (MPA), and larger poenskop being caught in the no-take areas than adjacent exploited areas of the Pondoland MPA confirmed that MPAs can be effective for the protection and management of poenskop. The current MPA network in South Africa is already wellestablished, and encompasses considerable reef areas, being preferable for poenskop habitation. Conventional dart tagging and recapture information from three ongoing, long-term fishtagging projects, conducted throughout the poenskop’s distribution, indicated high levels of residency at all life-history stages. Coastal region, seasonality and time at recapture did not appear to have a significant effect on the level of movement or distance moved. However, on examining the relationship among coastal movements and fish size and ages, larger and older fish (adults) moved greater distances, with juveniles and sub-adults showing high degrees of residency. An estimation of home-range size indicated smaller poenskop to hold smaller home-ranges, while larger poenskop hold larger home-ranges. Large easterly displacements of a number of adult poenskop is in accordance with previous findings that this species may undertake a unidirectional migration up the coastline of South Africa where they possibly settle in Transkei waters for the remainder of their lives. This high level of residency makes poenskop vulnerable to localised depletion, although they can be effectively protected by suitable MPAs. Despite considerable tagging effort along the South African coastline (2 704 poenskop tagged with 189 recaptures, between 1984 and 2010), there remains limited information on the connectivity of different regions along the South African coastline. This was addressed using mitochondrial DNA sequencing. The mitochondrial DNA control region was used due to its high substitution rate, haploid nature, maternal inheritance and absence of recombination. The mtDNA sequencing showed no evidence of major geographic barriers to gene flow in this species. Samples collected throughout the core distribution of poenskop showed high genetic diversity (h = 0.88, π = 0.01), low genetic differentiation among regions, no spatial structure (ɸST = 0.012, p = 0.208) and no evidence of isolation by distance. The collapsed stock status of poenskop as well as the fact that it is being actively targeted by recreational and commercial fishers suggests that this species requires improved management, with consideration given to its life-history style, residency and poor conservation status. Management recommendations for poenskop, combined with increasing South Africa’s existing MPA network, include the possibility of setting up a closed season (during known spawning periods) as well as the decommercialisation of this species. The techniques used and developed in this study can also be adopted for other overexploited linefish species.
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Kerwath, Sven Ebo. "Empirical studies of fish movement behaviour and their application in spatially explicit models for marine conservation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005121.
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This thesis investigates the movement behaviour of South African two coastal fish species and evaluates the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) in their protection and management. Its primary focus is on resolving the movement patterns of roman Chrysoblephus laticeps (Sparidae) in and around the Goukamma and Castle Rock MPAs in the Western Cape province of South Africa. A pilot study of the methodology investigated the movement behaviour of spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii (Haemulidae) in the sheltered East Kleinmonde Estuary in the Eastern Cape province. The application of different tagging methods was tested in a controlled tank experiment. Tagged roman were monitored over a 198-day period. Barbed dart, t-bar anchor and Visible Implanted Fluorescent Elastomer (VIFE) tags were compared. Application techniques and underwater visibility of VIFE tags were tested on roman and on fransmadam Boobsoidia inornata in a pilot study. Needles of gauge 25 were found to be optimal for VIFE tag application. Whereas VIFE tagging caused fin rot in fransmadam, it had no negative effect on roman. VIFE tagged fish could be identified by divers from a distance of three metres under ambient light in an observation tank in five metres water depth. There was no significant difference in growth rate between groups of roman with different tags and controls after 198 days. High tag loss rates were experienced for barbed dart and t-bar anchor tags, although barbed dart tags performed better than t-bar anchor tags. Although some of the VIFE marks had deteriorated, all VIFE tagged fish were individually recognised at the end of the study. Conventional dart and VIFE tags are feasible methods to tag roman. However, the high tag loss rate of conventional tags must be taken into account in the design of a tagging study. Previous mark and recapture studies on roman are beset with a number of problems. Poor experimental design and low precision of capture positions resulted in equivocal results of limited value. A tagging experiment was designed to eliminate ambiguity in data interpretation and to produce a dataset that could be used to model roman residency and dispersal. A combination of conventional barbed dart tags and Visible Implanted Fluorescent Elastomer tags was used to tag roman in the Goukamma Marine Protected Area (GMPA) on the temperate South African south coast. Sixty one percent of roman were recaptured within 50 m of the tagging position. A small proportion moved considerable distances of up to four kilometres. The extent of these movements was not dependent on fish size or sex. Data from this experiment and from a previous tagging study in the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP) were used to model the resident behaviour of roman. The model suggests a probability of 91% (GMPA) and 94% (TNP) of residency within a 10000 m² cell. This result suggests that individual roman will benefit from protection in small MPAs. A different experimental approach was required to investigate the exact home range of this species. Firstly the feasibility of using acoustic telemetry to study the movement of coastal fish in South Africa was investigated. The telemetry equipment comprised two VEMCO V8 transmitters and a VEMCO VR60 receiver linked to a directional hydrophone. A tank experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the transmitter implantation. A tracking experiment was conducted on spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii in the East Kleinmonde Estuary. Operated fish recovered quickly and, with respect to swimming behaviour and growth rates, no differences were found between fish with implants and controls. The maximum detection range in the estuary was 400 m. Interference between different transmitter frequencies was negligible. Transmitter location recordings were found to be accurate within five metres. Two fish were tracked over a seven-day period. The fish preferred the lower reaches of the estuary where they made repeated and prolonged use of specific areas. The success of the initial experiments allowed this method to be used to investigate the spatial utilisation and activity patterns of roman Chrysoblephus laticeps. Surgically implanted VEMCO V8, V13 and V16 transmitters were used to track 13 roman inside the Castle Rock MPA in False Bay. Transmitters implanted into C. laticeps in tanks had no apparent effects on growth and physiology. Manual boatand diver-based tracking experiments covered a 17-month period. A VEMCO VRAP radio acoustic positioning system was used over two one-month periods during and after the spawning season of roman. Analysis of data using a 95% fixed kernel algorithm suggests that roman are resident throughout their adult life, occupying home ranges between 1000 and 3000 m². Activity was lower at night. During periods of cold-water upwelling, fish retreated into caves. During the spawning season, females extended their home ranges, possibly to mate with different males. These results confirm that this species is well suited for protection and management with small MPAs. The effect of two MPAs on the South African south coast on the population of C. laticeps was simulated with a spatially explicit individual based model (IBM). Life history parameters determined in recent studies and the effect of fishing on the size of sex change was taken into account. Fish densities and size frequencies were based on recent underwater visual census. The distribution of suitable habitat in the study areas was also incorporated. The results show a rapid recovery of the fish size frequency spectrum and sex ratio to pre-exploitation levels inside both MPAs. Little 'spillover' of fish into the fished areas occurred resulting in negligible improvement of catches. The results suggest that for resident species like roman, even small MPAs offer sufficient protection.
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Bain, Pauline. "Jah children the experience of Rastafari children in South Africa as members of a minority group with particular reference to communities in the former Cape Province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002650.
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This thesis is an ethnography of Rastafari childhood in the former Cape Province, South Africa, through the eyes of both parents and children. If children are a ‘muted group’, then what are the identity formation implications for “double-muted” groups, the children of ethnic minorities whose voices are not heard? Rasta parents’ experience of the struggle, ie. the opposition to apartheid, has shaped the Rastafari chant of ‘equal rights’ and ‘justice’ into a distinctly South African form of protest and resistance. Their childhood experiences have resulted in a desire to provide a better life for their children, using Rastafari as a vehicle. This is expressed in a continuation of the struggle that was started during apartheid, in the Rasta ideology children grow up learning. The Rasta child has become a contested body in this struggle. The South African Government, through policy, has a mandate to protect the child, and legislature exists to do so in accordance with international law. However, as child-raising differs phenomenally from culture to culture, these goals on the part of the State start infringing upon the rights and freedoms of minorities to raise their children according to their own cultural goals. This study examines the tension between Rastafari and government with regards to child raising, specifically looking at the following main points of contestation: public health, public schools and policy/legislation; in order to examine how Rasta children negotiate their identity in the face of these conflicting messages and struggles. Their identity can be influenced by three main groups, the Rasta family they grow up in; school; and multi-media. What these children choose to accept or reject in their worldview is moderated by their own agency. This study shows that this tension results in a new generation of Rastafari children, who are strongly grounded in an identity as Rastafari and take pride in this identity. It also illustrates how Rastafari are impacting on and changing government policy through resistance. Their successes in challenging the state on the grounds of multiculturalism and religious freedom, has helped in the attainment of a sense of dignity.
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Godebo, Debanchor Yacob. "The impact of the charismatic movement and related tensions on the traditional Lutheran worship of the South Central Synod of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus since 1991." Thesis, University of Chester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/216809.
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This research is based on the contemporary worship life of the South Central Synod (SCS) of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY). The worship life of the SCS congregations has been disrupted since 1991 because of the impact of the charismatic movement on the traditional Lutheran worship of the SCS and related tensions. The EECMY is the church that was founded by the European Lutheran Churches. Therefore, it adheres to the Lutheran theological tradition, which limits religious authority to Scripture and emphasizes the New Testament’s teaching of conversion, new birth, and justification by grace through faith. Lutheran theological tradition does not emphasize the necessity and possibility of the charismatic gifts as part of faith practice. Any tendency to receive and experience charismatic gifts outside of Scripture and sacraments has not been addressed for traditional Lutheran worship. Rather, such experiences were strongly rejected by Lutheran confessional documents (SA III: viii). Being one of the units of the EECMY, SCS was founded on this theological tradition and assumes it for its theology and practice. The SCS traditional worship, therefore, does not recognize charismatic worship and experiences of related manifestations as necessary parts of faith practice. Since 1991 the charismatic movement has introduced the congregations to traditionally neglected charismatic worship and experiences of charismatic gifts such as prophecy, revelations, speaking in tongues, physical healing, discerning spirits and miracle working. The receiving and experiencing of these gifts have become almost a normal part of worship in the congregations. This has impacted the congregations to the extent that they consider their own traditional worship structure as contradictory to devotional worship and deeper spiritual experience. Yet the traditionalists of the congregations reject charismatic worship and related experiences of the manifestations. These distinct views have caused tensions and disruption between the members those who want freedom of worship and changes to the traditional formalism, and those who wish to maintain the traditional form of worship. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore this situation and the history that has brought it about. Having examined this, the research discusses the nature and impact of the charismatic movement and its effects on traditional Lutheran worship in the SCS, together with offering some potential contextually appropriate proposed solutions.
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Yonis, Manex. "Stock Market Co-Movement and Volatility Spillover between USA and South Africa." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54382.
Full textBooks on the topic "Ethiopian movement (South Africa)"
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Tembe, Bingham. Integrationismus und Afrikanismus: Zur Rolle der kirchlichen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung in der Auseinandersetzung um die Landfrage und die Bildung der Afrikaner in Südafrika, 1880-1960. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Peter Lang, 1985.
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Edgar, Robert R. Because they chose the plan of God: The story of the Bulhoek massacre. Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1988.
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Patrick, Develtere, Pollet Ignace, Wanyama Fredrick, International Labour Office, International Labour Organization. Office for Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda., and World Bank Institute, eds. Cooperating out of poverty: The renaissance of the African cooperative movement. Dar es Salaam: ILO, 2008.
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Patrick, Develtere, Pollet Ignace, Wanyama Fredrick, International Labour Office, International Labour Organization. Office for Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda., and World Bank Institute, eds. Cooperating out of poverty: The renaissance of the African cooperative movement. Dar es Salaam: ILO, 2008.
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Naidoo, Thillayvel. The Arya Samaj movement in South Africa. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1992.
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Max, Du Preez, Kombuis Koos, Hilton-Barber Steven -2002, and Ross Lloyd, eds. Voëlvry: The movement that rocked South Africa. Cape Town: Zebra Press, 2006.
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Rossouw, Pierre. Ecumenical panorama: A perspective from South Africa. Pretoria: P. Rossouw, 1989.
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Dāsa, Riddha. Destination South Africa: The birth of the Hare Krishna movement in South Africa, 1972-1975. Borehamwood: Visnu Garuda Books, 1997.
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Walshe, Peter. Prophetic Christianity and the liberation movement in South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Cluster Publications, 1995.
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Tayob, Abdulkader. Islamic resurgence in South Africa: The Muslim Youth Movement. [Cape Town] South Africa: UCT Press, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ethiopian movement (South Africa)"
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Misgun, Biniam. "Strategies and Tactics of Integration of Transnational African Migrants: Case Study of Ethiopian Migrants in South Africa." In IMISCOE Research Series, 215–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9_15.
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AbstractEthiopians come from a fractured country, with a heightened sense of ethnic identification. Ethnicity is central to their self-identification, accompanied by deeply entrenched ethnic cleavages at home and here in South Africa. Past and recent ethnic-based dynamics and cleavages are actively playing a part here. Such dynamics gained salience with the modern Ethiopian state’s practices and through their political history (Vaughan, 2003). These are part of the pervasively African concern: tension between the ethnic and the national, and the impulse to reconfigure and reconcile them. It is crucial to ask how these tensions evolve and transform in movements and moments in transnational spaces, and the interactions and encounters of these tensions and impulses in these spaces. Similarly, South African society too is very much divided, with its own tensions and contradictions. These coalesce with the tensions and dynamics that Ethiopians bring with them.
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Mbengue, Makane Moïse, and Najib Messihi. "The South West Africa Cases: 50 Years Later." In Ethiopian Yearbook of International Law 2016, 11–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55898-1_2.
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Nyamnjoh, Henrietta, Mackenzie Seaman, and Meron Zeleke. "South–South Migration and Children’s Education: Expanded Challenges and Increased Opportunities." In The Palgrave Handbook of South–South Migration and Inequality, 543–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_25.
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AbstractChildren participate in, and are affected by, South–South migration in diverse ways. In terms of children’s education specifically, migration produces, mitigates, and transforms educational inequalities, with such shifts generating impacts across generations and geographies. Through two case studies on South–South migration which focus on second-generation children born to Ethiopian parents and first-generation Ethiopian children who reunited with their parents in South Africa, and children in Ethiopia whose parents are migrants in South Africa, this chapter explores migration’s nuanced impact on educational opportunities, aspirations, and attainment and how this in turn effects social mobility and inequalities. The data reveal migration produces a complex web of inequalities transnationally (i.e. between children in Ethiopia and children born of or who joined Ethiopian migrants in South Africa) and nationally (among children in South Africa and among children in Ethiopia), with such inequalities being perceived differently across generations. In the future, these inequalities, and the perception thereof, will likely constrain migration’s ability to facilitate upward social mobility for children who are affected by migration, for future generations, and for migrants’ larger networks.
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Ficquet, Éloi. "The civil rights movement of Ethiopian Muslims in 2012." In Routledge Handbook of the Horn of Africa, 472–80. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429426957-44.
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Møller, Valerie. "South Africa’s Emergent “Social Indicators Movement”." In Quality of Life in South Africa, 1–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1479-7_1.
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Tafira, Hashi Kenneth. "The Black Nationalist Movement in Azania." In Black Nationalist Thought in South Africa, 15–42. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58650-6_2.
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Bosch, Tanja E. "(De)constructing the movement." In Social Media and Everyday Life in South Africa, 94–113. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021 | Series: Routledge contemporary South Africa: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429316524-6.
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Root, Christine. "Archiving the US Campus Anti-Apartheid Movement." In Struggle for a Free South Africa, 108–16. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032684253-12.
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Tafira, Hashi Kenneth. "Some Considerations in a Youth Political Movement." In Black Nationalist Thought in South Africa, 107–17. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58650-6_5.
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van Niekerk, Phillip. "The Trade Union Movement in the Politics of Resistance in South Africa." In South Africa: No Turning Back, 153–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19499-5_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ethiopian movement (South Africa)"
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Mohamed, Yasien. "THE EDUCATIONAL THEORY OF FETHULLAH GÜLEN AND ITS PRACTICE IN SOUTH AFRICA." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/unws8008.
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This paper deals with the educational thought of Fethullah Gülen and its application in a school in South Africa. It will attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of the school, both academically and in the promotion of universal moral values. The Gülen school provides an alternative both to the Muslim private school and the general private school. Unlike the latter, it gives more attention to moral values, and unlike the former, it is open to all learn- ers irrespective of religious persuasion. It provides a service to society in the transmission of knowledge to humanity, and in cultivating moral values such as responsibility, tolerance, respect, reliability and compassion. The paper is divided into three parts: First, it introduces the problem of educational dichoto- my within the Turkish context since 1924, and how Fethullah Gülen attempted to reconcile science and religion, at least theoretically. Second, it presents the educational philosophy of Fethullah Gülen, especially his moral philosophy as inspired by Miskawayh’s (d. 1030) psy- chology of the soul and his view of the role of the teacher, both in the transmission of knowl- edge and moral values. Third, it discusses the practice of Gülen’s educational philosophy in South Africa, with special reference to Star International School, Cape Town, covering the religious motivations of the teachers, the moral ethos of the school, and educational problems and challenges.
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Johnston, Kristina. "Articulating a Movement Pedagogy in Retrograde: Mapping an Embodied Research Process." In Arts Research Africa 2022 Conference Proceedings. Arts Research Africa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54223/10539/35902.
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This paper discusses an artistic research project that challenges representationalism in South African contemporary dance. The author argues against the use of discursive methodologies that reinforce colonial scripts and instead proposes an alternative approach based on embodied practices. The paper explores the concept of choreography as embodied research and its potential to align with a decolonial praxis. The research project involves tracing embodied practices and creating a digital cartography to capture and explore these practices. The author also discusses the emergence of a movement pedagogy that unfolds in retrograde and disrupts conventional understandings of time and pedagogical continuity.
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Mendis, D. L. O. "SOUTH AFRICA AS LEADER OF THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT - SOME ISSUES FROM SRI LANKA." In Proceedings of the Forty-Ninth Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799647_0046.
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Liping, Xiong, Liu Yanli, and Shi Danni. "Research on the Tectonic Evolution of the North Africa from Morocco to Libya as the Controlling Factor on the petroleum basins’ Hydrocarbon Accumulation." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2566974-ms.
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ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the tectonic evolution of the North African petroleum basins as the controlling factors on the major basins’ formation, evolution and the hydrocarbon accumulation, analyzing the petroleum enrichment conditions and proposing hydrocarbon accumulation mode. The analysis concludes that the distribution of North Africa Basins is in regular east-west direction, clear depression associates with highland structure. The basins becomes gradually older from the west to the east, corresponding to the Western Paleozoic basin, the Middle part Paleozoic and Mesozoic superimposed basin and the Eastern Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift basin. Petroleum in the Middle-West basins is mainly controlled by western Hercynian tectonic movement with obvious NE – SW distribution character, while petroleum in the East basins controlled by the Alpine tectonic movement, showing NW-SE distribution. Experienced a number of north-south direction reversals, the Paleozoic basin developed in the South and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin overlaying the Paleozoic Basin located in the North. The basins have two different accumulation models, which are younger source rocks associated with the older reservoirs and the older source rocks with the younger reservoirs.
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Alves, Anabela C., Franz-Josef Kahlen, Shannon Flumerfelt, and Anna Bella Siriban Manalang. "Comparing Engineering Education Systems Among USA, EU, Philippines and South Africa." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63254.
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Globalization has permeated our personal and professional lives and careers over the past two decades, to a point where communication, product development, and service delivery now are globally distributed. This means that the globalization of engineering practice is in effect. Large corporations tap into the global market for recruitment of engineers. However, the education of engineers occurs within the context of individual Higher Education Institutions. Engineers are educated with varying pacing and scoping of higher education programming with varying methods and pedagogy of higher education teaching. The expectations for engineering practice normed from the corporate side within the engineering marketplace, therefore, often do not match the widely dispersed educational experiences and outcomes of engineering education delivery. This gap brings challenges for all stakeholders, employers, higher education and the engineering graduate. But particularly, university education systems which traditionally are slow to respond to shifting market trends and demands, are expected to realign and restructure to answer this shortfall. A response to this shortfall has been prepared independently in different regions and countries. This paper discusses the response from Europe, USA, South Africa and Philippines. The European Commission started building a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) with the intention of promoting the mobility and the free movement of students and teachers in European tertiary education. US universities are introducing a design spine and strengthening students’ systems thinking and problem solving competencies. Philippines is trying to be aligned with ABET system from US. South Africa universities are evolving to a solid core undergraduate engineering curriculum with a limited set of electives available to students which include project-based learning. This is intended to address the education-workplace gap as well. This theoretical paper will provide a comparison study of the differences between the Engineering Education in USA, EU, Philippines and South Africa. The authors will compare current trends and initiatives, aimed at improving the readiness and competitiveness of regional engineering graduates in the workplace. Given that several worthwhile initiatives are underway, it is possible that these initiatives will remain as disparate responses to the need for the globalization of engineering education. Lean performance management systems are widely used in engineering practice internationally and represent one possible rallying concept for the globalization of engineering education in order to address the education-workplace gap. Therefore, this paper examines whether the introduction of a Lean Engineering Education philosophy is a worthwhile global curricular innovation for engineering courses.
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Altayeb, Khalid O., Su Yushan, Wu Shixiang, and Chen Zhankun. "Regional Geological Study and Potential Prediction of the Rio Del Rey Basin (RDR), Offshore Cameroon." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571282-ms.
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ABSTRACT Located in the eastern end of Niger delta; the Rio Del Rey (RDR) basin has a unique, complex multi-staged geological features and different types of Structures. This study has aimed to better understand the different structural and stratigraphic setting of the fields within the RDR basin and the way they control the hydrocarbon occurrences. To do that, an integrated 2D and 3D seismic interpretation was done targeting the toe thrust boundary, the upper Cretaceous unconformity and four key horizons of different depth levels in the Tertiary formations. Twelve regional profiles of contrastive orientations that cover the whole basin were interpreted to identify the regional structures; well correlation was done to identify the shallower tertiary settings while additional detailed grids of interpretation at the northeastern and southwestern corners and the seismic facies analysis of the whole RDR study area were used to classify the stratigraphic setting at the deeper regions. The results have revealed that the RDR basin is mainly controlled by thrusting, diapirism and detachment fault structures. The major toe thrust zone is found southern of Ngosso and trends in the northeast-southwestern direction. Gravitational tectonism becomes the primary deformation process shaping the structures as the sediments accumulation increases to the south and consequently, several shale ridges were formed. These ridges and their lateral movement from North to South along with the whole sediments increasing have caused a slope instability of the lower ductile Akata shale formation; what caused the forming of the detachment faults zone in the Northern and middle parts of the RDR basin. The Oongue Turbidites of Eocene were deposited in the northeastern part of the basin in deep water fans by the main sediments supply from the North and the East with various sand thicknesses due to the structural system. The hydrocarbon potential accumulations are found in the mid to upper Tertiary formations and the deeper Upper Cretaceous, but most of the oil and gas fields are located in shallower deltaic reservoirs associated with fault-bounded traps related to shale ridges and diapir structures. Considerable amounts of hydrocarbons were also found within the turbidites sands of Oongue (NE) and Isongo (SE).
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"A Work Systems View of Unplanned Business Process Change: The Case of #FEESMUSTFALL at a South African University." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4186.
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Aim/Purpose: Improving or changing business processes is one of the most important roles for Information technologies functions. Yet, most organizations struggle with planned process change and even more with unplanned change. There is little support from research as the dynamics of planned process change is understudied and unplanned process change is seldom researched. Background: This paper describes the impact of unplanned business process change from a systems perspective. The #feesmustfall student protest movement, which began in 2015, and affected Universities throughout South Africa provides the context. Methodology: An interpretive abductive case study at a South African university used Steven Alter’s Work System framework to describe the unplanned business process change that occurred due to the #feesmustfall student protest movement. Contribution: Theoretically, this paper demonstrates the practical use of Alter’s work system framework to analyze unplanned business process change. Practically, it de-scribes and explains the impacts of the change which may be useful to executives or administrators responsible for operational systems within organizations. Findings: During unplanned business process change, change management, staff training, customizable technology and strategic fluidity and focus were found to be important. Unplanned business process change results in all elements of the work systems and its environment changing, even resulting in changed products and customer behavior. Impact on Society: If organizations are more aware of the impacts of unplanned process change they will be better equipped to control them. Future Research: Future action research studies on unplanned business process change could suggest actions for manager’s dealing with them.
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Gordon, Lucia, Nikhil Behari, Samuel Collier, Elizabeth Bondi-Kelly, Jackson A. Killian, Catherine Ressijac, Peter Boucher, Andrew Davies, and Milind Tambe. "Find Rhinos without Finding Rhinos: Active Learning with Multimodal Imagery of South African Rhino Habitats." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/663.
Full textAbstract:
Much of Earth's charismatic megafauna is endangered by human activities, particularly the rhino, which is at risk of extinction due to the poaching crisis in Africa. Monitoring rhinos' movement is crucial to their protection but has unfortunately proven difficult because rhinos are elusive. Therefore, instead of tracking rhinos, we propose the novel approach of mapping communal defecation sites, called middens, which give information about rhinos' spatial behavior valuable to anti-poaching, management, and reintroduction efforts. This paper provides the first-ever mapping of rhino midden locations by building classifiers to detect them using remotely sensed thermal, RGB, and LiDAR imagery in passive and active learning settings. As existing active learning methods perform poorly due to the extreme class imbalance in our dataset, we design MultimodAL, an active learning system employing a ranking technique and multimodality to achieve competitive performance with passive learning models with 94% fewer labels. Our methods could therefore save over 76 hours in labeling time when used on a similarly-sized dataset. Unexpectedly, our midden map reveals that rhino middens are not randomly distributed throughout the landscape; rather, they are clustered. Consequently, rangers should be targeted at areas with high midden densities to strengthen anti-poaching efforts, in line with UN Target 15.7.
Reports on the topic "Ethiopian movement (South Africa)"
1
Kelly, Luke. Evidence on the Role of Civil Society in Security and Justice Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.031.
Full textAbstract:
This rapid review focuses on the role of civil society in SSR in several contexts. It finds that donor driven SSR is seen to have failed to include civil society, and that such efforts have been focused on training and equipping security forces. However, in some contexts, donors have been able to successfully develop civil society capacity or engage civil society groups in reforms, as in Sierra Leone. There are also several examples of security and justice reforms undertaken by local popular movements as part of regime change, namely Ethiopia and South Africa. In other contexts, such as Indonesia, the role of civil society has led to partial successes from which lessons can be drawn. The theoretical and empirical literature attributes several potential roles to civil society in SSR. These include making security and justice institutions accountable, mobilising a range of social groups for reform, publicising abuses and advocating for reform, offering technical expertise, and improving security-citizen relations. The literature also points to the inherent difficulties in implementing SSR, namely the entrenched nature of most security systems. The literature emphasises that security sector reform is a political process, as authoritarian or predatory security systems are usually backed by powerful, skilled and tenacious vested interests. Dislodging them from power therefore requires significant political will – civil society can be one part of this. The evidence base for the topic is relatively thin. While there is much literature on the theory of SSR from a donor perspective, there are fewer empirical studies. Moreover, scholars have identified relatively few successful examples of SSR. The role of civil society is found to be greater in more economically developed countries, meaning there is less discussion of the role of civil society in many African SSR contexts, for example (except to note its absence). In addition, most research discusses the role of civil society alongside that of other actors such as donors, security services or political elites, limiting analysis of the specific role of civil society.
2
Wafula, Caleb Maikuma. Nomadic Pastoralism and Everyday Peace: Key Evidence and Lessons for Peacebuilding and Conflict Mitigation from Kenya’s Turkana North. RESOLVE Network, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/lpbi2024.2.
Full textAbstract:
This research report is a case study on local peace practices within pastoralist communities in Kenya’s Turkana North (a subcounty of Kenya’s Turkana County). While significant existing research and analysis has focused on the concern that pastoralist communities across the African continent may contribute to growing violent conflict—and in particular to violent extremism—this report instead situates these communities within the theoretical framework of “everyday peace.” This framework centers on understanding the myriad ways in which ordinary people in conflict-affected contexts engage in small acts of peace and forge pro-social relationships that contribute to peace and stability within their communities. This report explores these everyday practices of peace within pastoralist communities in Kenya’s Turkana County, and Turkana North subcounty, a borderland territory that connects Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda with a long history of conflict around inter-clan livestock raiding and cross-border movement/land access. Informed by a multi-method research methodology that included semi-structured interviews, focus groups, historical profiling, transect walks, and non-participant observational data collected in August 2022, the findings from this study highlight both the existing local systems and resources for peacebuilding and conflict mitigation in pastoralist communities in Turkana, as well as the stressors and challenges that affect them. Lessons from this research contribute to our broader understanding of how policymakers and practitioners can work to better assess and coordinate violence prevention and reduction efforts in light of specific pastoralist needs and everyday practices of peace, particularly in areas impacted by violent conflict and/or violent extremism where pastoralist communities exist.
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Araya, Mesele, Pauline Rose, Ricardo Sabates, Dawit Tibebu Tiruneh, and Tassew Woldehanna. Learning Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Comparing Student Achievement in Early Primary Grades before School Closures, and After They Reopened. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/049.
Full textAbstract:
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education sector in unprecedented ways. As with many other countries around the world, the Ethiopian government closed schools following the first identified case in the capital city, Addis Ababa, on the 16th of March 2020. Across the country, these closures resulted in more than 26 million learners staying at home for almost eight months (UNESCO, 2021). In addition to this hiatus in their education, pupils were promoted automatically to the next grade with only 45 days of catch-up classes (Ministry of Education, 2020). In other words, those attending a specific school grade in March 2020 were then promoted to the next grade when school resumed in October 2020. For a significant proportion of Ethiopian pupils, learning during school closures was extremely limited despite the government’s efforts to create educational programmes via national television and radio stations (Kim et al., 2021a; Yorke et al., 2020). School closures, combined with barriers to accessing remote educational resources, meant potential learning losses for a significant number of pupils. Several studies have already indicated that COVID-19 resulted in learning losses, especially among the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. A study in Indonesia found that pupils lost 11 points on the PISA3 reading scale due to the four-month school closure from March to July 2020 (Yarrow, Masood & Afkar, 2020). It was also estimated that Grade 4 pupils in South Africa experienced losses equivalent to more than 60 percent of an academic year (Ardington, Wills & Kotze, 2021), while pupils in the UK lost a third of their expected learning during pandemic-related school closures (Major, Eyles & Machin, 2021). It is anticipated that school closures in Ethiopia could similarly result in learning losses and challenges for pupils to catch up with their learning, particularly for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our related emerging findings in Ethiopia have indicated that school closures exacerbated pre-existing inequalities in education, where progress was much lower for rural students compared to those in urban areas who were tracked from Grade 4 to Grade 6 (Kim et al., 2021b; Bayley et al., 2021). Building on this work in Ethiopia, this Insight Note provides a new perspective on numeracy achievements of Grade 1 and Grade 4 pupils by comparing learning at the start of each academic year and the gains over the course of the year across two academic years: 2018-19 and 2020-21. During the 2018-19 academic year, the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Ethiopia programme collected data on students’ numeracy achievement from 168 schools. After schools reopened in October 2020, and with additional support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, data on students’ numeracy achievements were collected for two new cohorts of pupils in Grades 1 and 4 in the same schools using the same instruments. This has enabled us to compare learning patterns between two cohorts in the same grades and schools before and during the pandemic. More specifically, in this Insight Note, we aim to: -Compare foundational numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 1 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those in 2018-19. -Compare progress in foundational numeracy for Grade 1 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to that seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Compare numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 4 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those entering the same grade in 2018-19. -Compare progress in numeracy for Grade 4 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to the progress seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Estimate the magnitude of learning loss attributable to the pandemic by calculating the difference in numeracy levels and progress between the two cohorts.