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Academic literature on the topic 'Ethiopian National characteristics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethiopian National characteristics"

1

Margo, Robsan. "Representation of the Ethiopian Multicultural Society in Secondary Teacher Education Curricula." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2014-0003.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the multi-ethnic and multicultural characteristics of the diverse Ethiopian society are incorporated into the current secondary teacher education curricula of the country. To that end, both qualitative and quantitative content analyses were used as tools for data collection. The Ethiopian general national secondary teacher education curricula framework and three other specific secondary teacher education curricula were analysed based on Banksí (1993, 2001, 2006) four approaches to the integration of ethnic and multicultural contents into teacher education curricula. The study exhibited an increasing ambition to address issues of multicultural education into the Ethiopian general national secondary teacher education curricula framework. Nevertheless, elements of multi-ethnic and multicultural education are, to a great extent, missing in the specific secondary teacher education curricula. Implications which are assumed to improve fair representation of the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Ethiopian peoples into the entire secondary teacher education curricula are presented in the article.`

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2

Ejigu, D., A. Bekele, L. Powell, and J. M. Lernould. "Habitat preference of the endangered Ethiopian walia ibex (Capra walie) in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 38, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2015.38.0001.

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Walia ibex (Capra walie) is an endangered and endemic species restricted to the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. Recent expansion of human populations and livestock grazing in the park has prompted concerns that the range and habitats used by walia ibex have changed. We performed observations of walia ibex, conducted pellet counts of walia ibex and livestock, and measured vegetation and classified habitat characteristics at sample points during wet and dry seasons from October 2009 to November 2011. We assessed the effect of habitat characteristics on the presence of pellets of walia ibex, and then used a spatial model to create a predictive map to determine areas of high potential to support walia ibex. Rocky and shrubby habitats were more preferred than herbaceous habitats. Pellet distribution indicated that livestock and walia ibex were not usually found at the same sample point (i.e. 70% of quadrats with walia pellets were without livestock droppings; 73% of quadrats with livestock droppings did not have walia pellets). The best model to describe probability of presence of walia pellets included effects of herb cover (β = 0.047), shrub cover (β = 0.030), distance to cliff (β = –0.001), distance to road (β = 0.001), and altitude (β = 0.004). Walia ibexes have shifted to the eastern, steeper areas of the park, appearing to coincide with the occurrence of more intense, human–related activities in lowlands. Our study shows the complexities of managing areas that support human populations while also serving as a critical habitat for species of conservation concern.

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Ayele, Yohanes, and Zelalem Tilahun Tesfaye. "Drug-related problems in Ethiopian public healthcare settings: Systematic review and meta-analysis." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211009728.

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Identification and prevention of drug-related problems have become the central role of patient-centered pharmacy practitioners. After the initiation of patient-oriented pharmacy service, many studies evaluating magnitude of drug-related problems at facility level in Ethiopia have been conducted, though the extent of the problem at a national level remains unknown. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis is undertaken with the aim of quantifying the prevalence of drug-related problems in Ethiopian public healthcare settings using Cipolle/Strand classification system. Electronic databases were searched including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE and HINARI, Google Scholar and ResearchGate for both published and unpublished works. Data on study characteristics and outcomes were extracted using the format developed on Microsoft Excel. The primary measure was the pooled prevalence of drug-related problems. The meta-analysis was conducted using OpenMeta[Analyst].A total of 17 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of drug-related problems of patients who experienced at least one drug-related problem during their therapy was found to be 69.4% (95% confidence interval: 61.5–77.4). The most frequently reported types of drug-related problems were “need for additional drug and “noncompliance,” together accounting for more than half of the drug-related problems. The most frequently reported factors associated with drug-related problems were patients’ age, polypharmacy, comorbidities and the number days of hospital stay.The prevalence of drug-related problems in Ethiopian public healthcare settings was found to be high. Inconsistent reporting of drug-related problems was observed across the studies. It is imperative to design and implement interventions aimed at reducing drug-related problems. Responsible stakeholders should adopt uniform drug-related problem classification approach to ensure uniform reporting of drug-related problems in Ethiopian healthcare settings

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4

Bekele, Tesfaye Hailu, Jeanne JHM de Vries, Laura Trijsburg, Edith Feskens, Namukolo Covic, Gina Kennedy, and Inge D. Brouwer. "Methodology for developing and evaluating food-based dietary guidelines and a Healthy Eating Index for Ethiopia: a study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027846.

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IntroductionFood-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are used to promote and maintain healthy eating in a population, by providing country-specific guidance. However, many African countries like Ethiopia do not have FBDGs. This paper describes the methodology for the development of Ethiopian FBDGs and for creating and evaluating a Healthy Eating Index and a scoring tool that can be used to monitor the adherence of the population to FBDGs.Methods and analysisA multidisciplinary technical working group will be tasked to develop FBDGs for the general population above 2 years of age based on identification of priority diet-related public health problems and risk factors, and a systematic review of dietary patterns in relation to the identified priority health outcomes, following a multistep process. FBDGs will be translated into daily food choices for specific subpopulations by applying linear programming using data from the National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) of 2011. FBDGs will be evaluated for cultural appropriateness, acceptability, consumer understanding and practicality. A dietary gap assessment will be conducted by comparing the national food supply with the country’s food demand. In addition an Ethiopian Healthy Eating Index (EHEI) will be developed based on the FBDGs using the NFCS data. The EHEI will be evaluated by comparing the EHEI Score based on 24 hours diet recall with that of the EHEI Score based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire, by analysing the association of the EHEI Score with population characteristics and micronutrient intake with or without additional adjustment for energy intake. Finally, a brief Food Quality Screening tool scoring for the important EHEI components will be developed to enable evaluation for counselling.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is received from the Scientific and Ethical Review Office of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.A dissemination workshop will be organised with key implementing sectors of the food system for a healthier diet (http://a4nh.cgiar.org/our-research/research-flagships/) and with key public and private partners. The findings from this study will be translated into FBDGs and shared through conferences, reports and the mass media (TV and radio).Trial registration numberNCT03394963; Pre-results.

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Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Mohammad Afzal Mahmood, Judith Streak Gomersall, Yibeltal Assefa, Theodros Getachew Zemedu, Mengistu Kifle, and Caroline O. Laurence. "Structural Quality of Services and Use of Family Planning Services in Primary Health Care Facilities in Ethiopia. How Do Public and Private Facilities Compare?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124201.

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Background: Family planning (FP) is among the important interventions that reduce maternal mortality. Poor quality FP service is associated with lower services utilisation, in turn undermining the efforts to address maternal mortality. There is currently little research on the quality of FP services in the private sector in Ethiopia, and how it compares to FP services in public facilities. Methods: A secondary data analysis of two national surveys, Ethiopia Services Provision Assessment Plus Survey 2014 and Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016, was conducted. Data from 1094 (139 private, 955 public) health facilities were analysed. In total, 3696 women were included in the comparison of users’ characteristics. Logistic regression was conducted. Facility type (public vs. private) was the key exposure of interest. Results: The private facilities were less likely to have implants (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.06; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.03, 0.12), trained FP providers (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.41) and FP guidelines/protocols (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.54) than public facilities but were more likely to have functional cell phones (AOR = 8.20; 95% CI: 4.95, 13.59) and water supply (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.72, 6.59). Conclusion: This study highlights the need for strengthening both private and public facilities for public–private partnerships to contribute to increased FP use and better health outcomes.

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Gelaye, Bizu, Seblewengel Lemma, Negussie Deyassa, Yonas Bahretibeb, Markos Tesfaye, Yemane Berhane, and Michelle A. Williams. "Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Distress Among Working Adults in Ethiopia." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 8, no. 1 (November 2, 2012): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901208010126.

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Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of mental distress and its correlates among working Ethiopian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 2,180 individuals (1,316 men and 864 women) was conducted among working adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of participants. Mental distress was assessed using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ). Logistic regression was employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The prevalence of mental distress in the study sample was 17.7% (25.9% in women and 12.4% in men). Younger participants (age ≤24 years) had the highest prevalence of mental distress (35.5% in women and 16.7% in men). The odds of mental distress was 2.47-fold higher among women as compared with men (OR=2.47, 95% CI 1.97-3.09). Participants reporting excellent health status had a 50% reduced odds of mental distress (OR=0.47; 95%CI: 0.38-0.59); and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a slight increased odds of mental distress (OR=1.26; 95%CI: 1.00-1.67). Conclusion: A high prevalence of mental distress was observed among working adults in Ethiopia. Our findings suggest that the workforce institutions should provide targeted prevention and intervention programs to improve the mental health state of their employees. National mental health policy that clearly outlines and addresses mental distress among working adults is also warranted.

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7

Nigatu, Dabere, Demewoz Haile, Bereket Gebremichael, and Yordanos M Tiruneh. "Predictive accuracy of perceived baby birth size for birth weight: a cross-sectional study from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e031986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031986.

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ObjectivesThe study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of maternally perceived baby birth size assessments as a measure of birth weight and examine factors influencing the accuracy of maternal size assessments.Study designCross-sectional study.SettingThe study is based on national data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.ParticipantsWe included 1455 children who had both birth size and birth weight data.Main outcome measuresPredictive accuracy of baby birth size for low birth weight. Level of discordance between maternally perceived birth size and birth weight including factors influencing discordance.ResultsMother-reported baby birth size had low sensitivity (57%) and positive predictive value (41%) to indicate low birth weight but had high specificity (89%) and negative predictive values (94%). The per cent of agreement between birth weight (<2500 g vs ≥2500 g) and maternally perceived birth size (small size vs average or above) was 86% and kappa statistics indicated a moderate level of agreement (kappa=0.41, p<0.001). Maternal age, wealth index quintile, marital status and maternal education were significant predictors of the discordance between birth size and birth weight.ConclusionsMaternal assessment of baby size at birth is an inaccurate proxy indicator of low birth weight in Ethiopia. Therefore, a mother’s recall of birth size should be used as a proxy indicator for low birth weight with caution and should take maternal characteristics into consideration.

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8

Belay, Tafere, Micaela Wakefield, Kelly Pritchett, Susan Hawk, and Nigatu Regassa. "Risk Factors of Childhood Anemia Explained: Evidence From the 2016 National Survey." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_014.

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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the key risk factors related to anemia among children aged 6–24 months (younger age group) and 25–59 months (older age group). Methods We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 11,023 mothers with under five children. Ordered logistic regression modeling was used for assessing risk factors of childhood anemia. Results The results suggest that the prevalence of anemia is 72% in the younger and 49% in the older age groups. The risk factors for anemia in the younger age group are morbidity (OR = 0.5; CI: 0.32–0.82), having no piped water source (OR = 1.76; CI: 1.07, 3.01) and no toilet facility (OR = 1.60; CI: 1.07, 2.38). The key risk factors for anemia in the older age group were no micronutrient intake (OR = 1.69; CI: 1.23, 2.31), having a young mother (OR = 1.35; CI: 0.84, 1.91) and a non- working mother (OR = 1.50; CI: 1.15, 1.96). Moreover, no deworming, small birth weight and residing in a large household size were key risk factors in both age groups. Conclusions Strengthening both nutrition sensitive and nutrition specific interventions may help curb the consistently higher prevalence of anemia. Intervention strategies should consider the unique characteristics of regions and rural residences where the prevalence of anemia is above the national average. Funding Sources N/A.

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9

Aminatuzzahra, Khansa, and Atip Latipulhayat. "RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE STATE AND AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER ON LION AIR JT610 AND ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES ET302 ACCIDENTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v4i2.409.

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Abstract Lion Air JT610 and Ethiopian Airlines ET302 crashes occurred on October 2018 and March 2019 respectively. The main cause of the accident on both flights, which used Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft, is the defect on the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), a new anti-stall system of this aircraft model. Boeing 737 MAX 8 is produced by Boeing Company which resides in the United States. However, passengers on both accidents could not claim compensation from Boeing Company because there is no international law that regulates aircraft manufacturer responsibilities. This research tries to analyze whether passengers can request for compensation to the United States and whether national court rulings or judgments can fill the gap in international law regarding aircraftmanufacturer. The research uses the normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive method. The research uses the library research method, focusing mainly on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal resources. This research found that the current international law could not accommodate the interests of plaintiffs to hold the United States accountable. The usage of forum non conveniens principle at the national courts made it difficult for the plaintiffs to obtain the compensation they are entitled to. Subsequently, the national law applied in each case is different which created a distinction on the compensation received by each plaintiff for the loss they suffered. Author comes into the conclusion that there is a need for the establishment of regulations in international law concerning the responsibilities of aircraft manufacturer. Keywords: Aircraft Manufacturer, Forum Non Conveniens, State Responsibility Abstrak Kecelakaan pesawat terbang Lion Air JT610 dan Ethiopian Airlines ET302 terjadi pada bulan Oktober 2018 dan Maret 2019 secara berturut-turut. Penyebab utama kecelakaan kedua penerbangan yang menggunakan pesawat terbang Boeing 737 MAX 8 ialah kerusakan sistem Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), sebuah sistem anti-stall terbaru untuk model pesawat terbang ini. Boeing 737 MAX 8 diproduksi oleh Boeing Company yang berkedudukan di Amerika Serikat. Penumpang pada kedua kecelakaan tidak dapat meminta ganti rugi pada Boeing Company karena belum adanya hukum yang dapat mewadahi penggantian rugi serta tanggung jawab manufaktur pesawat terbang dalam hukum internasional. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis apakah penumpang dapat memintakan ganti rugi kepada Amerika Serikat sebagai negara dan apakah putusan pengadilan nasional dapat mengisi kekosongan hukum internasional terkait manufaktur pesawat terbang. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penulisan deskriptif analitis. Tahap penulisan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hukum internasional yang ada saat ini pun belum dapat mewadahi kepentingan penumpang sebagai penggugat untuk dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban kepada Amerika Serikat atas kesalahan manufaktur pesawat terbang. Selain itu, munculnya prinsip forum non conveniens pada level nasional mempersulit penggugat untuk mendapatkan ganti rugi pada pengadilan nasional. Hukum nasional yang diterapkan pada tiap kasus pun berbeda sehingga muncul kesenjangan mengenai ganti rugi yang diperoleh penggugat atas kerugian yang diderita. Melihat situasi ini, peneliti berkesimpulan perlunya pembentukan pengaturan dalam hukum internasional mengenai tanggung jawab manufaktur pesawat terbang. Kata Kunci: Forum Non Conveniens, Manufaktur Pesawat Terbang, Tanggung Jawab Negara

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SINTAYEHU, DEJENE W., IGNAS M. A. HEITKÖNIG, HERBERT H. T. PRINS, ZEWDU K. TESSEMA, and WILLEM F. DE BOER. "Effect of host diversity and species assemblage composition on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in Ethiopian cattle." Parasitology 144, no. 6 (January 30, 2017): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016002511.

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SUMMARYCurrent theories on diversity–disease relationships describe host species diversity and species identity as important factors influencing disease risk, either diluting or amplifying disease prevalence in a community. Whereas the simple term ‘diversity’ embodies a set of animal community characteristics, it is not clear how different measures of species diversity are correlated with disease risk. We therefore tested the effects of species richness, Pielou's evenness and Shannon's diversity on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in cattle in the Afar Region and Awash National Park between November 2013 and April 2015. We also analysed the identity effect of a particular species and the effect of host habitat use overlap on bTB risk. We used the comparative intradermal tuberculin test to assess the number of bTB-infected cattle. Our results suggested a dilution effect through species evenness. We found that the identity effect of greater kudu – a maintenance host – confounded the dilution effect of species diversity on bTB risk. bTB infection was positively correlated with habitat use overlap between greater kudu and cattle. Different diversity indices have to be considered together for assessing diversity–disease relationships, for understanding the underlying causal mechanisms. We posit that unpacking diversity metrics is also relevant for formulating disease control strategies to manage cattle in ecosystems characterized by seasonally limited resources and intense wildlife–livestock interactions.

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Books on the topic "Ethiopian National characteristics"

1

Makšaf ʼenda ʼItyop̣yā tārik: ʼenāt ʼItyop̣yā moñ naš talālā yamotaleš qarto yagadalaš balā. ʼAdis ʼAbabā: Masfen Walda Māryām, 2012.

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Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Bāqī. al- Ṭirāz al-manqūsh fī maḥāsin al-Ḥubūsh. al-Kuwayt: Jāmiʻat al-Kuwayt, 1995.

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Ghazālī, ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ʻĪsá., ed. al-Ṭirāz al-manqūsh fī maḥāsin al-Ḥubūsh. al-Kuwayt: Jāmiʻat al-Kuwayt, 1995.

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Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Bāqī Bukhārī. al-Ṭirāz al-manqūsh fī maḥāsin al-Ḥubūsh. Kuwait: Maktabat Āfāq, 2013.

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Finaldi, Giuseppe. Italian national identity in the scramble for africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Finaldi, Giuseppe. Italian national identity in the scramble for Africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Finaldi, Giuseppe. Italian national identity in the scramble for Africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Italian national identity in the scramble for Africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Finaldi, Giuseppe. Italian national identity in the scramble for Africa: Italy's African wars in the era of nation-building, 1870-1900. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Ethiopia. Kuperard, 2009.

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