Academic literature on the topic 'Ethiopian Rural Household Survey'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ethiopian Rural Household Survey"
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Mengistu, Sintayehu Workineh, and Abere Wondimu Kassie. "Household Level Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Ethiopia." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3569950.
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Introduction. Currently, Ethiopia, in particular, the rural areas of Ethiopia, faces high levels of food insecurity. In spite of the fact that there have been many studies on food security, most of them have been conducted in specific national settings. Hence, the determinants of food insecurity should be assessed at the national level. Therefore, this study was primarily aimed to identify the determinant factors of household food insecurity in rural Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional Ethiopian socioeconomic survey (ESS) data collected from September 2018 to August 2019 was utilized. A sample of 3115 households was selected from 316 clusters across rural Ethiopia using a two-stage probability sampling technique. To identify the determinants of food insecurity, logistic regression was applied. Results. Among 3,115 households, 50.05% of them were food insecure. Factors such as the household head being aged from 30 to 64 (AOR = 0.786, 95% CI: [0.635, 0.973]), widowed, divorced, or separated (AOR = 1.588, 95%CI: [1.001, 2.518]), literate (AOR = 0.702, 95%CI: [0.590, 0.834]), household aid (AOR = 1.339, 95%CI: [1.089, 1.648]), drought-affected (AOR = 0.640, 95%CI: [0.507, 0.808]), nonagricultural business (AOR = 0.655, 95%CI: [0.472, 0.908]), dependency ratio from 50 to 75% (AOR = 0.680, 95%CI: [0.534, 0.867]), having 6 to 10 livestock (AOR = 0.644, 95%CI: [0.496, 0.836]), and more than 10 livestock (AOR = 0.362, 95% CI: [0.284, 0.461]) were found to be significantly associated with the household’s food insecurity at 5% level of significance. Conclusion. The household head’s age from 30 to 64, being literate, drought-affected, having nonagricultural business, dependency ratio from 50 to 75%, and owning more than 10 livestock have been negatively affecting food insecurity. While supporting households, a “widowed, divorced, or separated” household head has had a positive effect on food insecurity in rural Ethiopia positively influencing food insecurity in rural Ethiopia. Policymakers need to pay special attention to very young and old-aged household heads, adult education, household self-help, livestock improvement, and entrepreneurship while implementing poverty reduction programs.
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Dito, Bilisuma Bushie. "Intrahousehold Gender Relations and Child Labor and Schooling in Rural Ethiopia." Journal of African Development 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 272–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.23.2.0272.
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ABSTRACT Child labor and low schooling of children are still serious issues in many developing countries and finding a breakthrough to substantially reduce these phenomena are urgent according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). This study investigated how child labor and schooling vary with intrahousehold gender relations in rural Ethiopia, using data from the 2009 Ethiopian Rural Household Survey (ERHS). The sample includes 1,922 children between the ages of 5 and 15 years in 755 households. Indicators are used to measure mothers’ and fathers’ roles on various tasks within a household. The study examines how the distribution of gender relations within a household influences children’s time use in schooling and labor activities. One innovation used in the study is the construction of intrahousehold gender relations on a continuum. The findings indicate that balanced intrahousehold relations and gender roles between parents increase the chances of both boys and girls going to school while reducing the hours they spend on domestic work. Findings from the other covariates point to the gendered processes behind human capital formation in rural Ethiopia, which warrant separate investigations of boys’ and girls’ labor and schooling activities.
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Alemu, Minyahil, and Amsalu Dachito. "Rural Infrastructure and its Implication to Labor Market Participation in Jimma Zone, South-West Ethiopia." Open Journal for Research in Economics 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojre.0302.02067a.
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Rural economy remain the back bone of Ethiopian economy absorbing tremendous labor share while how these labor market behave in rural economy of Ethiopia is yet uncovered. Besides the appreciated role of rural access to basic infrastructure with reference to rural labor supply decision, the topic is not bold in domestic literature. Considering this inadequate attention to the topic, we tried to examine the impact of rural infrastructure provision on individual labor supply, and assess the implication with each component of rural services to household participation decision in the labor market, using household survey from Jimma zone. Our multinomial logit regression indicated that rural services like education, health, credit, market information and access to all-weather-road are important considerations with regard to individual labor supply decision in farm and off-farm activities. It would be better to enhance rural access to efficient agricultural extension as well as other basic services towards empowering rural livelihood, and ensuring economic transformation at large.
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Haile, Minyahil Alemu, and Amsalu Dachito Chigeto. "Rural Infrastructure and its Implication to Labor Market Participation in Jimma Zone, South-West Ethiopia." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v6i9.896.
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Rural economy remain the back bone of Ethiopian economy absorbing tremendous labour share while how these labour market behave in rural economy of Ethiopia is yet uncovered. Besides the appreciated role of rural access to basic infrastructure with reference to rural labor supply decision, the topic is not bold in domestic literature. Considering this inadequate attention to the topic, we tried to examine the impact of rural infrastructure provision on individual labour supply, and assess the implication with each component of rural services to household participation decision in the labor market, using household survey from Jimma zone. Our multinomial logit regression indicated that rural services like education, health, credit, market information and access to all-weather-road are important considerations with regard to individual labor supply decision in farm and off-farm activities. It would be better to enhance rural access to efficient agricultural extension as well as other basic services towards empowering rural livelihood, and ensuring economic transformation at large.
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Tshabalala, Precious Makhosazana, and Shaufique Fahmi Sidique. "Determinants of non-farm enterprise diversification in rural Ethiopia." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 14, no. 4 (July 9, 2020): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-03-2020-0020.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze the factors that determine non-farm enterprise diversification among farm households in Ethiopia. It extends the analysis by examining enterprises and using pooled data, which has the capacity to generate more accurate outcomes. The existing empirical evidence has focused on all non-farm activities, based on single period, single region data. Much of the existing empirical evidence is based on small-scale and location-specific sample surveys that do not demonstrate the characteristics of aggregate populations. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis was conducted using a quantitative method. To cater to the censoring nature of participating in non-farm enterprise activities, a panel data double-hurdle model is used to a representative sample of 3,594 Ethiopian rural households. Findings The study finds that the age of household head, household size, distance to the market, social capital and access to credit, are determinants for owning one or more non-farm enterprises. The level of income from these enterprises is then determined by the age and education level of the household head, household size, agricultural equipment, distance to markets and access to credit. Practical implications This study brings to light factors that influence households to participate in non-farm enterprises and the determining factors for the income level. Originality/value Non-farm activities are an important source of household income and a driver of development. This paper provides empirical evidence on factors that determine enterprise ownership using panel data.
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Bersisa, Mekonnen, and Almas Heshmati. "A Distributional Analysis of Uni-and Multidimensional Poverty and Inequalities in Ethiopia." Social Indicators Research 155, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 805–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02606-w.
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AbstractThis study analyzes uni-and multidimensional poverty and inequalities in rural and small towns in Ethiopia. Unlike the unidimensional measure, the multidimensional measure of poverty shows all the channels through which poverty may manifest itself; it also shows the extent of deprivation. The analysis uses 6 dimensions with 14 indicators to construct a multidimensional index of poverty and inequalities using Ethiopian Households’ Socioeconomic Survey dataset. The study also uses multiple correspondence analyses for determining relative weights in computing a multidimensional index and conducts a stochastic dominance analysis of distribution of poverty for different population segments. The paper sheds light on the degree of inequalities in consumption expenditure and multidimensional deprivations. In addition, it also compares the degree of poverty using the conventional measure of poverty and the multidimensional approach. It also examines the determinants of household poverty status using both unidimensional and multidimensional measures using the logit model. The results show that the intensity, severity, and depth of poverty varies substantially across the 2 measures. The unidimensional measure of poverty shows that 36 percent of the households were poor as compared to 46 percent multidimensionally poor households. Moreover, demographic, regional, and household heads’ characteristics also affect households’ poverty status.
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Tenaye, Anbes. "Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Agriculture in Developing Countries: The Case of Ethiopia." Economies 8, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8020034.
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The efficient use of inputs is indispensable in many developing countries, such as Ethiopia. This study assesses the level and determinants of technical efficiency of smallholder farmers using the true fixed effects (TFE) model. The TFE model separates inefficiency from unobserved heterogeneity. Empirical data come from four rounds of panel data (1994–2009) from the Ethiopian rural household survey (ERHS). A one-step maximum likelihood estimator was employed to estimate the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function and factors influencing technical efficiency. The results indicated that the major variables affecting technical efficiency are policy responsive, albeit to varying degrees: education of the household head, family size, farm size, land fragmentation, land quality, credit use, extension service, off-farm employment, and crop share. The analyses also identify variables amenable to policy changes in the production function: labor, traction power, farm size, seeds, and fertilizer. The mean household-level efficiency for the surveyed farmers is 0.59, indicating that farmers could improve technical efficiency. This implies that smallholder farms in Ethiopia can reduce the input requirement of producing the average output by 41% if their operations become technically efficient. This study recommends that the above policy variables be considered to make Ethiopian smallholder farmers more efficient.
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Mengesha, Ayelech Kidie, Thomas Bauer, Doris Damyanovic, Sayeh Kassaw Agegnehu, Reinfried Mansberger, and Gernot Stoeglehner. "Gender Analysis of Landholding and Situation of Female-Headed Households after Land Registration: The Case of Machakel Woreda." Land 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071029.
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Well-implemented and functioning land administration systems are able to improve the wellbeing of rural households and support the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. As cadastral data are an essential part of a modern land administration system for documenting and securing the boundaries of parcels, Ethiopia recently embarked on one of the largest land surveying programs for rural land registration in Africa. Cadastral and land registration data provided by the land administration office of the woreda were analyzed using a Geographical Information System to investigate whether parcels of female-headed households were disadvantaged compared to parcels of male-headed households with regard to parcel size, parcel features, and access to infrastructure. In addition, the situation of female-headed households after the land registration process was analyzed in more detail. To this aim, quantitative and qualitative data were collected in the Ethiopian Machakel woreda through a household survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The results document no significant gender discrepancies in parcel features and access to infrastructures. In general, women confirmed an improvement in the wellbeing of female-headed households after the land registration and certification process.
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Tenaye, Anbes. "New Evidence Using a Dynamic Panel Data Approach: Cereal Supply Response in Smallholder Agriculture in Ethiopia." Economies 8, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030061.
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Increasing agricultural production is essential to improving food availability and farm household incomes in developing economies. This study investigated the dynamic supply responses of major cereal crops to price and nonprice factors in Ethiopia using the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey (ERHS) panel dataset from 1994 to 2009. According to the Nerlovian expectation and adjustment approach in conjunction with the system GMM (generalized method of moments) estimator, both the planted areas and produced yields of major crops (teff, wheat, and barley) are influenced by price and nonprice factors in Ethiopia. The supply of major cereal crops is affected positively by their own prices and negatively by the prices of substitute crops. Nonprice factors such as education, farm size, fertilizer, land quality, and precipitation also affect supply of major cereals. Both the short-term and long-term acreage and yield response elasticities of teff and barley are positive. Moreover, the adjustment coefficients are positive for teff, barley, and wheat. The results suggest that Ethiopian farmers are capable of analyzing market signals and responding positively to price increases of staple crops. The findings also imply that the Ethiopian agricultural sector has been responsive to the cereal price increases observed since 2006. The remarkable growth of Ethiopian agriculture over recent decades is partly explained by the increase in agricultural prices. This study recommends that a fine-tuned balance between government interventions and market solutions is important, in addition to improving farmers’ agronomic practices, for increasing agricultural production.
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Mellaku, Meselu, Travis Reynolds, and Teshale Woldeamanuel. "Linear Programming-Based Cropland Allocation to Enhance Performance of Smallholder Crop Production: A Pilot Study in Abaro Kebele, Ethiopia." Resources 7, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources7040076.
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Smallholder farmer crop production is a mainstay of the Ethiopian economy. A series of agricultural extension programs have been implemented since the 1950s in an effort to improve smallholder productivity. In this study, we argue that the limited attention that is given to cropland allocation by smallholders is one key driver of low performance of crop production as well as a key factor in environmental degradation. Drawing on data from a household survey of 75 randomly selected households in Abaro Kebele, Ethiopia, combined with focus-group discussions, key informant interviews, and secondary data sources, we use linear programming to highlight the impact of cropland allocation decisions on the performance of rural smallholder crop production systems. We find that under current land use practices households are not able to meet their consumption needs. The average profitability of farms under the current cropland allocation is also significantly below the estimated level of profit that could be realized by reallocating cropland while using linear programming. Additionally, survey results suggest that low crop production performance (in terms of meeting both household food crop production needs and profit goals) is the primary reason why households do not participate in conservation efforts and sustainable resource management practices. This study suggests that linear programming-based cropland allocation modeling might be applied to enhance the profit performance of smallholder crop production, help meet household food crop production requirements, and thereby promote the sustainable utilization of environmental resources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethiopian Rural Household Survey"
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Mekonnen, A. G. "MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: THEORY AND EMPIRICS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/340448.
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Paper 2: Individual Specific Weighting Scheme to a Multidimensional Poverty Measure
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Weights in the estimation of multidimensional poverty have a central role by showing the relative importance of dimensions. This paper proposed two differentweighting schemes: endowment and distributional based weighting schemes.The later weighting scheme gives more weight to the dimension with small number of deprived individuals. On the other hand, the endowment based weighting scheme gives more weight to the dimension with large number of deprived individuals. The proposed weighting schemes considerboth distributional equity and simultaneous deprivations of indicators. Using the Ethiopian rural household survey (ERHS) data for the year 2004, the paper compared the proposed weighting schemes with the equal weighting scheme approach.
The empirical result showed that, the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) estimation using endowment based equity weight has a lower estimate than the equal weighting approach. This happened because the indicators that have a small number of deprived individuals have got a higher weight under the equal weighting approach.Paper 1: A Panel Multidimensional Poverty Estimation for Ethiopia Abstract Estimating the extent of poverty is a preliminary task before implementing any anti-poverty project. This can be done by creating a holistic individual deprivation index for different life dimensions. Currently, there are a growing number of multidimensional poverty index (MPI) studies. However, there exist only few empirical papers for Ethiopia that used country-specific well-being indictors in a panel data framework. This paper estimated the MPI for Ethiopia using the Ethiopian Rural Household Panel Data Survey (ERHS) for the years 2004 and 2009. The study used five dimensions and nineteen country specific well-being indicators to estimate MPI. The MPI estimation with the counting approach showed that the percentage of multidimensional poor people for the years 2004 and 2009 were 35% and 25% respectively. The paper decomposed MPI across regions, household sizes, and depth and breadth of poverty. The MPI decomposition across time estimate confirmed that the large decrease in the MPI was the result of a significant decrease in the number of poor households among the middle and the large families than a decrease in the number of deprivations. The panel MPI decomposition also showed that, once a household slipped into poverty, the probability of exiting from it was very low. Child mortality contributed more for the decrease in the breadth of poverty. Moreover, the decrease in asset deprivation contributed the largest for the decrease in MPI across the two periods. The use of country-specific indicators such as land holding and crop stored for agrarian economy are more likely to identify poor people than indicators used in internationally comparable MPI estimation. This panel based MPI estimation clearly showed the progress or regresses of the household in achieving a particular indicator over time.
Paper 3: Preferences in the Multidimensional Poverty Measure Abstract One of the most challenging issues in the measurement of multidimensional poverty is the selection of the appropriate weight attributed to each dimension. The paper proposed an observed preference weighting scheme based on four domains: happiness, importance, perceived deprivation and easiness to achieve. Those domains discussed with rank and scaling methods to check consistency of choices and to create a holistic weighting scheme. The proposed weighting scheme is sensitive to equity and efficiency. To elicit individual preferences to well-being dimensions the paper used a survey that has collected from Ethiopia. The paper estimated multidimensional poverty index (MPI) using six preference models and compared them with the equal weighting approach. The estimated results showed that the MPI measure with preference based weighting approach is higher than the equal weighting approach. The inclusions of all domains in the preference based weighting scheme have a significant difference on MPI estimates compared to the situation where only one domain used as a weight. Besides, it is also found that, getting relatively similar MPI estimate is not a guarantee for having the same poor individuals across models. Furthermore, the paper founds that the MPI estimate varied a lot when dimensional cutoffs are set by individual’s subjective threshold and an objective threshold. The result from the survey showed that most of the respondents believe that they are less poor than what the objective measure identifies. The findings from the regression result also confirmed that individual’s well-being improves more with people’s perceived deprivations than the observed deprivations used as explanatory variables. Hence, the paper suggests that considering people’s perception about dimensions threshold and weights could help to identify the dimensions which improve people’s welfare.
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Jeffreys, Kendralyn G. "A Survey of Point of Use Household Water Treatment Options for Rural South India." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/190.
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Contaminated drinking water is one of the major health challenges facing people in the developing world. The country of India leads the world in under age five mortality due to diarrheal disease, which is attributed to water and food contamination. While the Indian government has made progress in expanding access to improved water sources in the last decade, the microbiological quality of the water is unpredictable. Point of use household water treatment systems can provide clean drinking water for people who do not have access to a clean water source. This report examines five non-electrical point of use household water treatment options which have been extensively field-tested and could potentially be used in rural, South Indian villages: chlorine disinfectant, chlorine-flocculant sachets, ceramic filters, biosand filters and solar disinfection. A case study of a village in Andhra Pradesh is presented that highlights the factors to consider when introducing a new POU technology into a community.
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Akter, Nasrin. "Energy Need Assessment and Preferential Choice Survey o fMatipukur Village in Bangladesh : Energy Need Assessment and Preferential Choice Survey of Rural People in Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158982.
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The aim of this study is to perform a baseline energy survey to understand the existing energy demand and usepattern and to verify the feasibility of a small scale poly-generation project supported by renewable sources ofenergy (biogas based) in a rural area of Bangladesh. A poly-generation solution shall provide multiple outputservices of clean gas, electricity and arsenic free water supply. The project requires using animal dung oragricultural waste to produce biogas and electric energy. The study has analyzed the demand of domesticenergy and water of the village named ‘Matipukur’ in the Jessore district in Bangladesh. The study alsoconsidered available biomass feedstock and energy potential surrounding the village area, as well as the socioeconomicstatus of villagers. The case study included a door to door survey to collect relevant information.Three different economic groups in terms of income scale were investigated throughout the study to obtainbetter insight of the energy-water access situation, requirements and related problems in the village. Almost 98% household of this village relies on biomass for energy due to limited access of modern fuel. Thevillage has various biomass potential in the form of animal dung, fuel wood and agricultural waste which can beused for cooking or serve as the basis for other energy carriers. Kerosene is used for lighting. Among thedifferent fuels, dung meets about 44% of the total demand. The contribution of other fuels for domestic use is24% firewood, 22% agricultural waste, and 2% kerosene. The analytical observation found that the annualaverage energy demand of the village is 8.45 GJ per capita. The share of average demand for cooking and3lighting energy is 8.24 GJ per person/year and 0.21 GJ per person/year respectively. The energy consumptionvaries within different income groups. This study has examined the income per capita, family size, education,agricultural land holding per capita, priorities of their annual expenditure etc. which have direct influence onthe fuel consumption pattern of the household. It could be observed that expenses on energy changes as theincome level increases. About awareness of biogas opportunities and willingness to provide feedstock for apoly generation project, the majority of households answered positively, that is, indicating that they wouldcontribute. Educated respondents showed more positive attitude. Regarding changing of traditional cooking,about 95% of the respondents want to change to a more efficient and reliable cooking system to avoid healthand environmental problems associated with indoor biomass cooking. The study has revealed that only cow dung is not enough to produce clean energy according to demand so theco-digestion method is considered to producing biogas from various energy potentials (animal manure &agricultural waste). The poly-generation system could work with the scenario providing electricity and watersupply for the entire household and cooking gas is limited only for 2/3rd household. Rest 1/3rd household fromlow income group then could be supplied with improve cook stove to meet their daily cooking demand and tominimize indoor pollutions. It is observed that, majority of household has expressed their willingness toprovide raw materials for poly-generation plant though they are using.SIDA funded research project "Biogas based poly generation in Bangladesh"
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Hammond, James. "A scalable approach for efficient and comparable characterisation of smallholder farming systems : the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS)." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-scalable-approach-for-efficient-and-comparable-characterisation-of-smallholder-farming-systems(a40e69a3-63b6-468b-97ae-cedc010ff5bd).html.
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There are approximately 500 million smallholder farmer households worldwide, at least half of which live in poverty and food insecurity. Scientific research underpins development efforts by providing options for improved varieties, breeds, or practices (termed “interventions”); and by providing analyses of how to increase the adoption and impact of those interventions. One of the most widely used method of data collection to evaluate or predict the impact of interventions is the household survey, but critical evaluations of the effectiveness of household survey data and methodologies are rare. Lack of standardised questions make efforts to aggregate findings across datasets challenging, given that different surveys often yield widely different data, both in terms of content and quality, which severely limits the comparability of those data (see Chapters 2 and 3). Here I present an improved survey method to assess farm practices and food security for smallholder households in lower income countries, primarily tropical or sub-tropical. The tool is named the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS). It makes use of recent advances in digital technologies, which enables quicker data collection and reporting than in previous generations of survey tools. The tool was designed to be rapid, lean, user-friendly, flexible and reliable (Chapter 3). The design ethic and advances in indicator formulation allowed data to be gathered on a wider range of topics over shorter time frames but still with adequate depth to permit effective analyses (Chapters 4, 5, and 6). During development RHoMIS was deployed by 13 organisations in 17 countries, with over 15,000 interviews conducted. The tool has the flexibility needed for application in many locations, sufficient standardisation to permit rapid analysis and data aggregation between sites, and enables more efficient characterisation of smallholder farming systems compared to previous efforts. Findings of analyses presented in this thesis stress the need to understand the heterogeneity of smallholders, and to plan or evaluate interventions for specific subsets of households. Analyses presented in the research chapters show that the farm strategy of input intensification is better suited to larger farms, crop diversification is better suited to smaller farms, and that the effects are strongly influenced by the degree of commercialisation of livelihoods (Chapter 3), the use of collected resources can strongly benefit the poorest households (Chapter 4), and that off-farm incomes in combination with farm intensification hold the potential to raise the prosperity of about 90% of the households studied in Chapter 5 . Furthermore households show different levels of interest in trialling and adopting new practices which are not necessarily related to their assets or farm types, in Chapter 2 about one quarter of households were identified as likely to trial new practices. In particular the analyses highlights that those experiencing (or at risk of) extreme food insecurity benefited most from opportunities for off-farm income, whereas moderately poor households benefited more from agricultural intensification. These findings indicate that for agricultural intensification measures to raise households out of food insecurity and poverty they must be targeted to the appropriate group of smallholders, and to succeed must be in combination with opportunities to earn off farm income.
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Nyirasafari, Philomene. "Some demographic aspects of women's access to land for farming in South Africa: a comparison from 2004 to 2007." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2713.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThe issue of women's access to land is a developmental issue. From a fundamental research view point, this study aims to explore the circumstances in which women access land in South Africa. The study examines the inequalities that may arise in the context of land access, land acquisition; land use, activities taking place on land and closely related issues focusing specifically on women in general, and women headed households in particular. The study is based on demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, occupational groups, education, province of residence and ethnic groups. Bringing together the demographic variables and land related variables, the study captures the structural changes between 2004 and 2007. Using 2004 and 2007 GHS secondary data requested from Statistics South Africa, cross tabulation and bivariate statistical analysis by means of SPSS software was performed. The results obtained indicate that the inequality against women's access to land still persists. Some women have access to land for agricultural purpose but few own it. The findings suggest that a number of factors including age, place of residence, marital status, ethnic group, literacy, educational level, of women are associated with the ability of women to access and acquire land. The sustainable livelihood framework is a theory that guided this study. Diversification is commonly used to prevent time of risks and shocks. In general, the study shows that the proportion of women who had access to land was 16% in 2004. This figure dropped to 14% in 2007.
South Africa
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Van, Hoi Le. "Health for community dwelling older people : trends, inequalities, needs and care in rural Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47467.
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Background InVietnam, the proportion of people aged 60 and above has increased rapidly in recent decades. The majority live in rural areas where socioeconomic status is more disadvantaged than in urban areas.Vietnam’s economic status is improving but disparities in income and living conditions are widening between groups and regions. A consistent and emerging danger of communicable diseases and an increase of non-communicable diseases exist concurrently. The emigration of young people and the impact of other socioeconomic changes leave more elderly on their own and with less family support. Introduction of user fees and development of a private sector improve the coverage and quality of health care but increase household health expenditures and inequalities in health care. Life expectancy at birth has increased, but not much is known about changes during old age. There is a lack of evidence, particularly in rural settings, about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people within the context of socioeconomic changes and health-sector reform. Knowledge of long-term elderly care needs in the community and the relevant models are still limited. To provide evidence for developing new policies and models of care, this thesis aimed to assess general health status, health care needs, and perspectives on future health care options for community-dwelling older people. Methods An abridged life table was used to estimate cohort life expectancies at old age from longitudinal data collected by FilaBavi DSS during 1999-2006. This covered 7,668 people aged 60 and above with 43,272 person-years. A 2007 cross-sectional survey was conducted among people aged 60 and over living in 2,240 households that were randomly selected from the FilaBavi DSS. Interviews used a structured questionnaire to assess HRQoL, daily care needs, and willingness to use and to pay for models of care. Participant and household socioeconomic characteristics were extracted from the 2007 DSS re-census. Differences in life expectancy are examined by socioeconomic factors. The EQ-5D index is calculated based on the time trade-off tariff. Distributions of study subjects by study variables are described with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate analyses are performed to identify socioeconomic determinants of HRQoL, need of support, ADL index, and willingness to use and pay for models of care. In addition, four focus group discussions with the elderly, their household members, and community association representatives were conducted to explore perspectives on the use of services by applying content analysis. Results Life expectancy at age 60 increased by approximately one year from 1999-2002 to 2003-2006, but tended to decrease in the most vulnerable groups. There is a wide gap in life expectancy by poverty status and living arrangement. The sex gap in life expectancy is consistent across all socioeconomic groups and is wider among the more disadvantaged populations. The EQ-5D index at old age is 0.876. Younger age groups, position as household head, working, literacy, and belonging to better wealth quintiles are determinants of higher HRQoL. Ageing has a primary influence on HRQoL that is mainly due to reduction in physical (rather than mental) functions. Being a household head and working at old age are advantageous for attaining better HRQoL in physical rather than psychological terms. Economic conditions affect HRQoL through sensory rather than physical functions. Long-term living conditions are more likely to affect HRQoL than short-term economic conditions. Dependence in instrumental or intellectual activities of daily living (ADLs) is more common than in basic ADLs. People who need complete help are fewer than those who need some help in almost all ADLs. Over two-fifths of people who needed help received enough support in all ADL dimensions. Children and grand-children are confirmed to be the main caregivers. Presence of chronic illness, age groups, sex, educational level, marital status, household membership, working status, household size, living arrangement, residential area, household wealth, and poverty status are determinants of the need for care. Use of mobile teams is the most requested service; the fewest respondents intend to use a nursing centre. Households expect to use services for their elderly to a greater extent than did the elderly themselves. Willingness to use services decreases when potential fees increase. The proportion of respondents who require free services is 2 to 3 times higher than those willing to pay full cost. Households are willing to pay more for day care and nursing centres than are the elderly. The elderly are more willing to pay for mobile teams than are their households. ADL index, age group, sex, literacy, marital status, living arrangement, head of household status, living area, working status, poverty and household wealth are factors related to willingness to use services. Conclusions There is a trend of increasing life expectancy at older ages in ruralVietnam. Inequalities in life expectancy exist between socioeconomic groups. HRQoL at old age is at a high level, but varies substantially according to socioeconomic factors. An unmet need of daily care for older people remains. Family is the main source of support for care. Need for care is in more demand among disadvantaged groups. Development of a social network for community-based long-term elderly care is needed. The network should focus on instrumental and intellectual ADLs rather than basic ADLs. Home-based care is more essential than institutionalized care. Community-based elderly care will be used and partly paid for if it is provided by the government or associations. The determinants of elderly health and care needs should be addressed by appropriate social and health policies with greater targeting of the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. Building capacity for health professionals and informal caregivers, as well as support for the most vulnerable elderly groups, is essential for providing and assessing the services.Aging and Living Conditions Program
Vietnam-Sweden Collaborative Program in Health, SIDA/Sarec
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Berlie, Arega Bazezew. "Determinants of rural household food security in drought-prone areas of Ethiopia : case study in Lay Gaint District, Amhara Region." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13615.
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This study examines rural household food security and its determinants in drought-prone Amhara Region of Ethiopia by focusing on Lay Gaint district as a case study site. A range of factors from physical environmental circumstances to policy and institutions-related issues determine households‟ vulnerability to food insecurity and livelihood outcomes. The survey results showed that the majority (74%) of the sampled households experienced food insecurity. The situation was worse among female-headed households such that 86% of them were food insecure. The study revealed that, despite the low level of productivity related to local environmental constraints, rural livelihoods remain undiversified with small scale rain-fed agriculture to provide the primary source of livelihood for the large majority of households (~93% of respondents). Only about 25% of the respondents participated in some form of non-farm or off-farm activities, but with only little contribution to their total annual incomes. Food insecurity is a chronic problem in that, on average, households in the study area consume from own production for only about six months. The study found out that the majority of households (about 80%) perceived annual rainfall to be inadequate to support the growing of crops and grazing of animals. The main adaptive strategies employed by the majority of households included diversifying livestock kept, planting trees and diversifying crops. The study revealed that incidence, depth and severity of food insecurity of the food insecure households showed that Woina-Dega and Kolla agro-ecologies are prone to vulnerability to food insecurity. This suggests that development interventions that are geographically differentiated; and build household assets will improve household food security in the study area, and in other similar environments in the country.Geography
D.Phil.
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Nyirasafari, Philomene. "Some Demographic Aspects of Womenâs Access to Land for Farming in South Africa: A comparison from 2004 to 2007." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3643_1275596664.
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The issue of women&rsquo
s access to land is a developmental issue. From a fundamental research view point, this study aims to explore the circumstances in which women access land in South Africa. The study examines the inequalities that may arise in the context of land access, land acquisition
land use, activities taking place on land and closely related issues focusing specifically on women in general, and women headed households in particular. The study is based on demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, occupational groups, education, province of residence and ethnic groups. Bringing together the demographic variables and land related variables, the study captures the structural changes between 2004 and 2007. Using 2004 and 2007 GHS secondary data requested from Statistics South Africa, cross tabulation and bivariate statistical analysis by means of SPSS software was performed. The results obtained indicate that the inequality against women&rsquo
s access to land still persists. Some women have access to land for agricultural purpose but few own it. The findings suggest that a number of factors including age, place of residence, marital status, ethnic group, literacy, educational level, of women are associated with the ability of women to access and acquire land. The sustainable livelihood framework is a theory that guided this study. Diversification is commonly used to prevent time of risks and shocks. In general, the study shows that the proportion of women who had access to land was 16% in 2004. This figure dropped to 14% in 2007.
Books on the topic "Ethiopian Rural Household Survey"
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Zimbabwe National Vulnerability Assessment Committee. and Scientific and Industrial Research and Development (Harare, Zimabwe). Food and Nutrition Council., eds. ZimVac rural household food security survey. Harare: Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee, 2009.
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Zimbabwe National Vulnerability Assessment Committee. and Scientific and Industrial Research and Development (Harare, Zimabwe). Food and Nutrition Council., eds. ZimVac rural household food security survey. Harare: Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee, 2009.
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Associates for Community and Population Research. and USAID/Bangladesh, eds. 2001 rural service delivery partnership evaluation survey: Household survey report. Dhaka: Associates for Community and Population Research, 2003.
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Byuro, Bangladesh Parisaṃkhyāna, and Regular and Continuous Monitoring of Poverty Situation in Bangladesh Project., eds. Rural poverty monitoring survey, December 1995. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Govt. of People's Republic of Bangladesh, 1997.
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Kenya. Ministry of Planning and National Development. Long Rang Planning Division. and Kenya. Central Bureau of Statistics., eds. Rural labour force survey, 1988/89. [Nairobi]: The Division and the Bureau, the Ministry, 1991.
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Khan, Mohammad Asif. Socio economic survey of rural households in Kalat, Balochistan. Islamabad: Rural Support Programmes Network, 2009.
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Ethiopia. YaStātistiks ṭaqlāy ṣeḥfat bét., ed. Rural labour force survey, April 1981-April 1982. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Office, 1985.
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United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies., ed. National household survey on drug abuse: Rural population estimates 1994. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1996.
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United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies., ed. National household survey on drug abuse: Rural population estimates 1994. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ethiopian Rural Household Survey"
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Tesfaye, Argaw, and Arragaw Alemayehu. "Climate Change and Variability on Food Security of Rural Household: Central Highlands, Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 379–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_188.
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AbstractThis chapter analyzes the impact of climate change and variability on food security of rural households in the central highlands of Ethiopia taking Basona Werana district as a case study site. Data were obtained from 123 households selected using simple random sampling from three agro ecological zones. Key informant interviews and focus group discussion (FDG) were used to supplement the data obtained from household survey. The monthly rainfall and temperature data are for 56 points of 10 × 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2016. Standardized rainfall anomaly (SRA), linear regression (LR), and coefficient of variation (CV) are used to examine inter-annual and intra-annual variability of rainfall. Annual and seasonal rainfalls show decreasing trends over the period of observation. The decreasing trends in annual and March–May (Belg) rainfall totals exhibit statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.05 level. Kiremt (June–September) shows statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.1 level. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures show statically significant increasing trends at p = 0.05 level. More than 80% of households perceived that the climate is changing and their livelihoods (crop and livestock production) are impacted. The district belongs to one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change and variability in the country where large proportions of households (62%) are under different food insecurity classes. Results suggest that local level investigations are useful in developing context-specific climate change adaptation.
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Chamberlin, Jordan, and James Sumberg. "Are young people transforming the rural economy?" In Youth and the rural economy in Africa: hard work and hazard, 92–124. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245011.0006.
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Abstract This chapter uses household survey data to address three questions: How might we think about the notion that the youth bring something new to farming? What aspects of young people's farming are visible with existing empirical windows? Do the young in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) farm differently? The analysis provides some support for many of the stylized assertions about the youth in African agriculture. Young households are associated with marginally higher propensities for engaging with intensification practices and commercial orientations. However, the very limited magnitude of these age effects suggests much caution should be exercised in making the argument that young people's inherent vim and vigour are important and underutilized assets for agricultural growth and transformation in SSA.
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Takahashi, Rui. "The Effects of Natural Disasters on Household Income and Poverty in Rural Vietnam: An Analysis Using the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 365–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3311-2_29.
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Huang, Jikun, Lanlan Su, and Xinyu Liu. "Facilitating Inclusive Use of ICTs in Rural China." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 197–211. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_15.
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AbstractThe usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is increasingly becoming an important driving force for transforming the rural economy in China. Using a unique nationally-representative household survey dataset in 2015–2019, this study documents the overall trends of internet access, computer and smartphone usage, and e-commerce adoption in rural China and examines the main factors affecting farmers’ adoption of major ICTs. The results show that the increase in usage of ICTs has been impressive. Empirical analyses suggest that human capital, resource endowment, ICT infrastructure, and neighborhood influence are the main determinants of households’ or individuals’ adoption of ICTs. However, a digital divide has emerged across regions and among farmers. This study concludes with several policy implications for fostering rapid and inclusive usage of ICTs in rural areas in the coming digital era.
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Motsholapheko, M. R., and B. N. Ngwenya. "Access to Water Resources and Household Vulnerability to Malaria in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1227–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_165.
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AbstractMalaria is a persistent health risk for most rural communities in tropical wetlands of developing countries, particularly in the advent of climate change. This chapter assesses household access to water resources, livelihood assets, and vulnerability to malaria in the Okavango Delta of north-western Botswana. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 355 households, key informant interviews, PRA-based focus group discussions (FDGs), interviews with experts in various related fields, PRA workshop participant interviews, and literature review. There was high access to natural capital, and most households engaged in nature-based livelihood activities. Access to resources determined type of livelihood activities that households engaged in. However, there was no association between household exposure and/or susceptibility, and type of livelihood activities pursued by households. Household vulnerability to malaria was higher in remote and rural locations than in urban neighborhoods. Malaria prevention and vulnerability aversion programs need to be coupled with improvements in housing and well-being in the Okavango Delta and similar wetlands.
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Nickanor, Ndeyapo, Lawrence Kazembe, and Jonathan Crush. "Food Insecurity, Food Sourcing and Food Coping Strategies in the OOO Urban Corridor, Namibia." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 169–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_9.
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AbstractThe urbanizing world population has seen increased food insecurity in urban spaces, a result of unsustainable food systems, growing inequalities and weak urban governance that lacks urban food strategies. To improve our knowledge of household strategies employed to survive in urban spaces, we conducted a household survey to examine the relationship between coping strategies,food insecurity and dietary diversity in the secondary cities corridor of Oshakati-Ongwediva-Ondangwa (OOO) in Northern Namibia. The data were collected from 853 households, using a cluster-stratified sampling design. Household food insecurity in the corridor was77%, while the mean dietary diversity was less than 5. These measures differed by coping strategy andfood sourcing mechanism. The most common coping strategy was to rely on less preferred and less expensive foods (67%). Rural–urban food transfers were another common strategy (55%), while some households grow some of their own food in rural areas (23%). Urban agriculture is very limited as are informal social protection strategies such as sharing meals, borrowing from neighbours and providing food to neighbours or other households in the community.
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Kajisa, Kei, Piedad Moya, and Fe Gascon. "The Central Luzon Loop Survey: Rice Farming in the Philippines from 1966 to 2021." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 33–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_3.
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AbstractThe Central Luzon Loop Survey in the Philippines is one of the longest-running and ongoing household-level farm surveys in tropical Asia. This chapter reviews the changes in rice farming from 1966 to 2021, with a particular focus on the past decade. The data show that rice yields have stagnated and become more variable despite a prompt and continuous switch to newer modern varieties with an appropriate nitrogen application level since the Green Revolution. This implies that the Green Revolution-type agricultural development is at a crossroads. As background factors, this chapter reviews how the adoption of labor-saving technologies, mechanization, and farm size have changed over time under increasing rural labor scarcity. A subjective assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on rice farming is also discussed.
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Temba, Pontian L., Noah M. Pauline, and Patrick M. Ndaki. "Living and responding to climate variability and change among coffee and banana farmers in the highlands of Moshi rural district, Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 9–22. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0009.
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Abstract The study aimed at exploring perceived impacts of climate variability on coffee and banana farming and community responses in the highlands of Moshi Rural District. A socio-economic survey employing qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used. Data were collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions as well as field observation. A total of 96 farmers were involved in the study. SPSS Statistics software package and Microsoft Excel were used for data processing and analysis. Findings showed that communities are knowledgeable about climate variability. Their knowledge is based on perceptions of the impacts already felt and attributed to climate variability, including unpredictable patterns of rainy seasons. Climate variability is associated with decrease in household food supply, unpredictable farming calendar and drying of water sources for irrigation and domestic use. Coffee yields showed a decreasing trend (at the rate of R2 = -0.494) during the years 1990-2016. This was contrary to bananas, which indicated an increasing trend (R2 = 0.036) of production during the same period. Communities were responding to impacts of climate variability in various ways, including intercropping, planting early maturing and drought-resistant varieties and gravity canal irrigation. Projected climate changes showed that the future was uncertain for farmers depending on rain-fed farming. Therefore, further research on viable options would help farmers adapt to current and future climatic stresses. Options may include intensified irrigation of crops and conservation farming which have the potential to increase banana and coffee production, thereby improving productivity and food security for communities.
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Mbwambo, Naza A., and Emma T. Liwenga. "Cassava as an adaptation crop to climate variability and change in coastal areas of Tanzania: a case of the Mkuranga district." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 23–33. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0023.
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Abstract This study was carried out in two villages, Kizapala and Kazole, of the Mkuranga District, in the Coast Region of Tanzania. The objective of the study was to establish the role of cassava as an adaptation crop to the changing climate and household food security. Primary data were obtained using household questionnaires and different participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques which included focus group discussions (FGDs), key informants and expert meetings. Secondary data were collected through a literature review, whereas temperature and rainfall data from 1984 to 2014 was obtained from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA). In each village, a sample size of 10% of all households was interviewed. Findings showed that 96% of respondents from Kazole village and 90% from Kizapala linked climate change with major climatic extreme events such as prolonged droughts and occasional abnormal floods. Analysis of temperature data for the last 30 years (1984-2014) revealed that temperature had significantly risen by a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.4936 for maximum and R2 = 0.777 for minimum temperature. The field survey results closely correlated with findings from the analysis of TMA rainfall and temperature data. Findings revealed a decline in crop production which resulted in food shortages and livelihood insecurity in the study villages. The respondents in both villages consider cassava as a crop that is least affected by climate and environmental extremes, thus serves to ensure food availability and security in their households. As a result, growing cassava should be considered as an adaptation strategy to climate change and variability now and in the future. Improving cassava production, processing, marketing and value chain infrastructures is, therefore, crucial for enhancing sustainable adaptation in the district.
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Sumil-Laanemaa, Merle, Luule Sakkeus, Allan Puur, and Lauri Leppik. "Socio-demographic Risk Factors Related to Material Deprivation Among Older Persons in Europe: A Comparative Analysis Based on SHARE Data." In International Perspectives on Aging, 31–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_3.
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AbstractMaterial deprivation is a key aspect of social exclusion, and the domain of economic exclusion, for the older population. In this chapter we utilised cross-sectional data from Wave 5 (2013) of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and logistic regression analysis to assess the variation in material deprivation of the population aged 50+ across four geographic clusters of welfare regimes in Europe. We used the SHARE-based Material Deprivation Index (MDI) to assess the associations between material deprivation and socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education, economic activity status, household type, number of children, residential area, chronic diseases and limitations of daily activities, and origin). We observed a pronounced variation in material deprivation among the older population across welfare clusters, with high levels of MDI in the Eastern and Southern clusters. Living alone, having a large number of children, low education, activity limitations, and being of immigrant origin significantly increase the risk of material deprivation in older age in all clusters. The study also identified subgroups of older persons that have an increased risk of material deprivation in some but not all clusters, such as those aged 80+ and rural residents in the Southern and Eastern clusters.
Conference papers on the topic "Ethiopian Rural Household Survey"
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Mukherjee, Himadri, Samarjit Kar, Swapan Paruya, Samarjit Kar, and Suchismita Roy. "Fuzzy Expert System for Rural Household Survey in West Bengal." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING, OPTIMIZATION, AND COMPUTING (ICMOS 20110). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3516381.
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Yingying, Zhu, and Ming Yihao. "Notice of Retraction: Credit demand of rural household and the credit constraints in rural areas — Based on the survey on 187 rural households in Chengdu." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5886815.
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Turdalieva, Ainura, and Raziya Abdiyeva. "The Impact of Access to Irrigation on Rural Household Income in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02666.
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Agriculture is the main source of income of households in rural area. Therefore, access to irrigation significantly impact the level of income of households. Consequently, the quality of irrigation infrastructure has essential effect on the level of household welfare and their economic performance. Improving water use efficiency and infrastructure will positively affect households’ income in rural areas. In this study we analyzed the impact of access to irrigation to household income in rural area by using of Life in Kyrgyzstan Survey data for the year of 2016. The effect of access to irrigation on income of households in Kyrgyzstan analyzed according to size of land, type of irrigation, amount of water used and cost of irrigation, gender, and age of household head by using ordinary least square regression model. Results showed that access to an irrigation canal and using the tillage method significantly increase household income.
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Gao, Bo, and Hong-lin Yuan. "Survey on rural household energy consumption-Based on the perspective of poverty alleviation in Hebei province." In 3rd International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (ICMEA 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmea-16.2016.5.
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Putriyanti, Ermayani, Desak Putu Kristian P, and Caecilia Titin R. "The Incident of Stunting in A Rural Area." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.30.
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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting contributes to the increasing number of noncommunicable disease in the future and unemployment condition due to the reduced intelligence levels. In rural areas, stunting conditions are not detected properly, and their exact extent is poorly documented. This study aimed to examine the incidence of stunting in a rural area. Samples and Method: This was a descriptive survey study. The total sample used were 84 children under five years in a rural area. The main variable of this study was stunting. Data was collected using questionnaire and medical record of children’s height from maternal and child health (MCH) book in 2015 – December 2019. Data were analysed descriptively. Results: A total of 29 children (34%) were stunted. 65 children had normal weight (77%). 2 mothers were graduated from junior high school (43%). Mothers 2 mothers had a smoking history (2%), 46 mothers did not have a health insurance (55%). The income per month for 66 mothers were less than 2 million rupiah per month. 73 mothers had family member(s) who smoke in household. 55 children had birth spacing with older sibling between 6-17 years (65.5%). 21 mothers had six family members who live together in one house (25%). Conclusion: The incidence of stunting in a rural area is 34%, in which it is higher than the target of National Development Planning Agency in 2024. Keywords: incidence, stunting, children, rural area Correspondence: Ermayani Putriyanti. Ngesti Waluyo Parakan Nursing Academy. Temanggung, Central Java. Email: ermayani.putriyanti@gmail.com. Mobile: 081328054840 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.30
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Yang, Yunxian, and Lucang Wang. "Study on Urban-Rural Social Security Differences Based on the Data of Chinese Household Income Project Survey (CHIP) in 2013." In 2020 International Conference on Management, Economy and Law (ICMEL 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201111.039.
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Tang, Lisa, Arnav Patel, Daniel J. Sweeney, Nilanjana Banerjee, Amit K. Thakur, Pranava Chaudhari, Rahul Kumar, and Jyeshtharaj Joshi. "Understanding Household Energy Challenges in Himalayan Communities Using Participatory Design Approaches." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67972.
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Abstract Traditional biomass-burning stoves are used for cooking and heating across the globe. These stoves generate smoke that results in household air pollution, which poses a significant risk to human health. In the past decades, there have been many efforts to promote the adoption of improved cookstove designs, but uptake of improved stoves is often slow due to high costs, inconsistent supply chains, and incompatibility with local cooking practices. This paper presents survey results from rural villages in Uttarakhand, India regarding routines and attitudes on cooking and space heating. Significant findings include the dual use of liquified petroleum gas and biomass fuels, the interconnected and seasonal nature of cooking and space heating, the cultural significance of traditional cookstoves, and the prominence of locally available materials in cookstove construction and maintenance. Comparisons of these surveys’ findings to previous investigations on energy use in the Himalayan region show many common trends, but also reveal regional differences. The paper concludes that due to the significance of culture and context in cookstove design, understanding user needs and behaviors and working with local communities are integral parts the design methodology for clean cookstoves. These results provide a case study which agrees with existing literature on the importance of participatory design in global development.
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"Maternal health seeking behaviors and health care utilization in Pakistan." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/xzpo9700.
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Background: Direct estimations of maternal mortality were carried out in Pakistan for the first time. Maternal health and health issues, maternal mortality and the specific causes of death among women must be studied to improve the health care of women and better utilization of maternal health services for better public health. Objective: The main objectives of this study are to analyze maternal health, morbidity and mortality indicators. The causes of death and health care utilization will be highlighted, hence, useful recommendations can be made to reduce maternal deaths and to attain the Sustainable Development Goal 3.1. Method: Utilizing the data of Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2019, crosstabs and frequency tables are constructed and multivariant analysis was conducted to find out the most effective factors contributing to the deaths. IBM SPSS and STATA were used for the analysis. Results and Conclusion: 40% population surveyed was under 15, age 65 or above. Average household members were 6-7. Drinking water facility was majorly improved in both urban and rural areas. Hospital services in rural areas were mostly (54%) in the parameter of 10+ kms and Basic Health Units were mainly found inside the community. Very few urban households were in the poorest quantile while very few rural households were in the wealthiest quantile. Women education distribution showed that a high percentage of women (52%) were uneducated and only a 12% had received higher education. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for the 3-year period before the survey was 186 deaths per 100,000 live births while pregnancy related mortality rate was 251 deaths per 100,000 live births, which was higher compared to the MMR. Maternal death causes were divided into direct and indirect causes, where major causes were reported to be obstetric Hemorrhage (41%), Hypertensive disorders (29%), Pregnancy with abortive outcome (10%), other obstetric pregnancy related infection (6%) and non-obstetric (4%). 37% women who died in the three years before the survey sought medical care at a public sector health facility while 26% at private sector and 5% at home. A majority (90%) of women who had pregnancy complications in the 3 years before the survey received ANC from a skilled provider. Keywords: Maternal health, antenatal care, maternal mortality rates, pregnancy related diseases
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Islam, Mazharul, A. K. M. Sadrul Islam, and M. Ruhul Amin. "Small-Scale Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems for the Remote Communities of the Developing Countries." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50068.
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About 2 billion people of the world, mostly in rural areas of the developing countries, do not have access to grid-based electricity. The most critical factor affecting their livelihoods is access to clean, affordable and reliable energy services for household and productive uses. Under this backdrop, renewable and readily available energy from the nature can be incorporated in several proven renewable energy technology (RET) systems and can play a significant role in meeting crucial energy needs in these remote far flung areas. RETs are ideal as distributed energy source and they can be incorporated in packages of energy services and thus offer unique opportunities to provide improved lighting, health care, drinking water, education, communication, and irrigation. Energy is also vital for most of the income-generating activities, both at the household or commercial levels. Access to energy is strongly connected to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which set targets for poverty reduction, improved health, and gender equality as well as environmental sustainability. Environmentally benign renewable energy systems can contribute significantly in the above-mentioned unserved or underserved areas in the developing countries to achieve both local and global environmental benefits. This is important in the context of sustainable development in: (i) poverty alleviation, (ii) education, (iii) gender equity and empowerment, (iv) health including other benefits like improved information access through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) centers, (v) better security, and (vi) increase in social or recreational opportunities. It is evident that proliferation of renewable energy resources through implementing their applications for meeting energy demand will promote all the three dimensions namely, social, economic and environmental of sustainable development in the developing countries. Several small scale enabling RET systems have been suggested in this paper in the light of above-mentioned issues of energy sustainability and they can significantly contribute to the improvement of the livelihood of the remote impoverished rural communities of the developing countries. With the current state of technology development, several RET systems (such as wind, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, biomass and microhydro) have become successful in different parts of the world. In this paper, an exhaustive literature survey has been conducted and several successful and financially viable small-scale RET systems were analyzed. These systems have relevance to the economies of the developing countries that can be utilized for electrification of domestic houses, micro enterprises, health clinics, educational establishments and rural development centers.
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Sloka, Biruta, Ieva Brence, and Henrijs Kalkis. "Application of information technologies for social inclusion: current trends and future prospective." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002652.
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Remote work and remote studies has increased in great extent the requirements of information technologies use and skills to apply information technologies. In European Union countries annually it is checked the availability of computer software as well as skills of information technologies use: there are annually conducted surveys on survey on use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in households and by individuals. The aim of the paper is to research theoretical aspects and to analyze internet use in regions of Latvia for checking on whether there is statistically significant use. The source of the data is the questionnaire No. ICT-persons “Use of computers and the internet in households”. As well as Labor Force Surveys, EU-SILC survey data. Research methods applied: scientific publication analysis, time-series analysis of internet use in Baltic countries, analysis of data on differences of availability of computers in households by regions of Latvia by analysis if variance or ANOVA, by territories (urban and rural) by t – test and by household size by ANOVA.
Reports on the topic "Ethiopian Rural Household Survey"
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Assaye, Abebaw, and Dawit Alemu. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Fogera Plain, Ethiopia - Round 2 Report . Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.021.
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This report presents an assessment of the changes in effects of COVID-19 on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, labour and employment, and poverty and well-being in rural Ethiopia by comparing the results of a baseline household survey (R1) in late June 2020 with a follow-up survey (R2) in late October 2020. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 106 smallholder rice farmer households (24 female and 82 male-headed) in five kebeles (villages) in the Fogera Plain area of Amhara Region. Data was also collected through 25 key informant interviews conducted in the kebeles.
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Alemu, Dawit, and Abebaw Assaye. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Fogera Plain, Ethiopia – Round 1 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.002.
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This report presents an early assessment of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, labour and employment, and poverty and well-being in rural Ethiopia. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 107 households (23 female- and 84 male-headed). Respondents were drawn from a subset of households interviewed in a 2018 APRA survey of smallholder rice farmers in five kebeles (villages) in the Fogera Plain area of Amhara Region. The COVID-19 household survey data is complemented by data from 23 key informant interviews conducted in the kebeles. The data collection for this COVID-19 study will be carried out over three rounds. This report presents insights obtained from the first round conducted during late June/early July 2020.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Papua New Guinea survey report: Rural household survey on food systems. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133067.
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Carreras, Marco, Amrita Saha, and John Thompson. Rapid Assessment of the Impact of Covid-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa – Synthesis Report 1. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.008.
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To gain a better understanding of the impact that COVID-19 is having on food systems and rural livelihoods in the region, researchers in the Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA) Programme of the Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC) are conducting a rolling series of telephone-based household surveys and key informant interviews in selected study locations across multiple countries. This report presents results from the first round of that research in seven countries – Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe – from interviews conducted in June-July 2020.1 APRA will monitor the situation as the pandemic unfolds through further rounds of data collection and analysis in late 2020 and early 2021.
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Carreras, Marco, Amrita Saha, and John Thompson. Rapid Assessment of the Impact of Covid-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa – Synthesis Report 2. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.023.
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This report presents a summary of findings emerging from the second round of a three-wave rapid assessment led by the Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA) Programme of the Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC) in October-November 2020 to examine how COVID-19 is affecting food systems and rural livelihoods in eight countries – Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It builds on a set of phone-based household surveys and key informant interviews conducted in those countries in June-July 2020, which served as the baseline for this research.1 APRA will continue to monitor the situation as the response to the pandemic unfolds through the third round of data collection and analysis planned for the first quarter of 2021.
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Matita, Mirriam, and Masautso Chimombo. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Malawi – Round 1 Report. Institute of Development Studies, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.001.
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Given the ravaging effects of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, this study seeks to estimate its likely impact on food systems and livelihoods in Malawi. This briefing note is based on our stratified random sample of 114 household heads (32 female and 82 male) drawn from an APRA household survey of groundnut producers in Mchinji and Ntchisi districts, Central Region, as well as seven key informant interviews from those areas. The APRA COVID-19 data collection will be carried out over three rounds. This report presents insights obtained from the first round of research conducted during June/July 2020.
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Islam, Asiya, and Preeti Manchanda. Gender Inequalities in Digital India: A survey on digital literacy, access, and use. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre (Digit), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/mcuu2363.
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This paper reports the main findings from a survey on gender inequalities in digital literacy, use, and access among youth (18-25 years) in three parts of India – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. In addition to gender, the survey was attentive to other inequalities too in its enquiry about the location (urban/rural), caste, household income, and education level of the respondents. This paper largely presents inequalities of gender as they intersect with urban/rural location since other variables, while important, yielded smaller numbers that need further careful analysis. The survey was informed by various contemporary developments – global growth in the use of digital technology for education, employment, and everyday lives; Covid-19 pandemic that has accelerated this growth; and the Digital India programme that aims to empower citizens through digital skilling. The survey, then, set out to explore the nature and implications of social inequalities in a society moving towards digital empowerment. The survey findings reveal overwhelming dependence among young people on smartphones for internet access and that entertainment and social media are the top uses of the internet. The survey also finds that women, particularly in rural areas, are less likely than men to exclusively own smartphones. That is, the smartphones that women have access to tend to be ‘household phones’, shared with other members of the family. This has consequences for the time and purposes that women are able to use smartphones and internet for. Based on these findings, the paper proposes avenues for further research on intersectional inequalities in digital literacy, access, and use. It also suggests policy interventions to maximise the potential of digital technology for education and employment, with specific attention to gender inequalities.
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Malek, Mohammad Abdul, Aiko Kikkawa, Yasuyuki Sawada, and Abdul Kalam Azad. Rural Development in Bangladesh Over Four Decades: Findings from Mahabub Hossain Panel Data and the Way Forward. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/ppxg8315.
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The Mahabub Hossain Panel Data (MHPD) was initiated in 1988 and maintained by and named after the late Mahabub Hossain, a well-known agricultural and development economist who led a number of reputed organizations in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies and BRAC) and in the region (International Rice Research Institute). We portray the historical context, sampling evolution, survey structure and methodology, and academic and policy contributions of the MHPD with some lessons learned for the next step forward. The MHPD has tracked rural households for a period of over 3 decades (1988–2014) with five waves of household surveys covering over 2,800 households and has collected a wide range of information on household composition, schooling of household members, assets, cropping intensity and patterns including cost and return, employment and income, consumption, participation in different government and nongovernment programs. We reviewed several books and journal articles authored by Mahabub Hossain and related academic papers and documents and collated information on MHPD, including (i) mapping out information on past and ongoing panel or cross-sectional household survey data series in Bangladesh; (ii) undertaking the review of all past rounds of MHPD survey documents, such as survey implementation plans, questionnaires, codebooks, databases, and processed data; (iii) consulting relevant stakeholders, including the past implementers of the surveys and the users of the data as needed to validate documented information; (iv) taking stock of the contribution of MHPD to academic literature and policy development; and (v) drawing a number of lessons learned for future data collection and policy making. The report aims to (i) serve as a comprehensive reference document for scholars and policy makers who wish to understand MHPD for possible use in their research; and (ii) provide a comprehensive baseline from which we can consider ways to enhance MHPD further to continue contributing to understanding the economic and social issues of today and near future. By compiling all associated research work based on MHPD, we offer a historical landscape of Bangladesh’s social and economic development and a credible explanation for the Bangladesh development model for global comparison.
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Hodey, Louis, and Fred Dzanku. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Ghana - Round 2 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.016.
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This study seeks to assess the continuing impact of COVID-19 on food systems and livelihoods in south-western Ghana and provides insights obtained from household-level and key informant data in the second of three surveys conducted during October/November 2020. This second round (R2) survey involved 107 households of oil palm farmers (86 male-headed and 21 female-headed) and 5 key local informants in the Mpohor and Ahanta West Districts of the Western Region.
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Hodey, Louis, and Fred Dzanku. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Ghana - Round 1 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.003.
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Given the ravaging effects of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, this study seeks to estimate its likely impact on food systems and livelihoods in south-western Ghana. Our sample consisted of 110 female and male respondents drawn randomly from an APRA household survey of oil palm producers in the Mpohor and Ahanta West Districts in the Western region, as well as a set of five key informant interviews. Data collection for this study will be carried out over three rounds. This report presents insights obtained from the first round conducted during June/July 2020.