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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethiopië'
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1
Kelly, Samantha. "The Curious Case of Ethiopic Chaldean: Fraud, Philology, and Cultural (Mis)Understanding in European Conceptions of Ethiopia." Renaissance Quarterly 68, no. 4 (2015): 1227–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/685125.
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AbstractAn intriguing mystery in early modern intellectual history is how and why European scholars came to designate Ethiopic, the sacred language of Ethiopia, as Chaldean. This article locates the designation’s origins in a deduction made by Vatican library personnel, partially inspired by a hoax perpetrated a quarter-century earlier. It then traces the influence of this designation on the progress of historical linguistics, where theories defending the appellation of Ethiopic as Chaldean, although often erroneous, nevertheless contributed to the accurate categorization of Ethiopic as a Semitic language, and on attitudes to Ethiopian Christianity that played a role in Catholic-Protestant polemic.
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Beru, Tsegaye. "Brief History of the Ethiopian Legal Systems - Past and Present." International Journal of Legal Information 41, no. 3 (2013): 335–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500011938.
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As a country, Ethiopia needs no introduction. Its three thousand years of history has been told and documented by many who lived in and traveled to Ethiopia The discovery of Lucy, the 3.2 million years old hominid, iconic fossil in the Afar region of Ethiopia in 1974, attests to the fact that Ethiopia is indeed one of the oldest nations in the world. The origin of the northern Ethiopian Empire, is chronicled in the legendary story of Cush, the son of Ham and the founder of the Axumite Kingdom, who gave the name Ethiopis to the area surrounding Axum and later to his son. Ethiopia is thus derived from it which in Greek means land of the burnt or black faces.
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Andersen, Knud Tage. "The Queen of the Habasha in Ethiopian history, tradition and chronology." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63, no. 1 (January 2000): 31–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00006443.
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It is well known from relatively recent Ethiopic tradition that Ethiopia was once ruled by a queen called Gudit, Yodit, Isat or Gaՙwa, with both positive and negative characteristics. On the one hand she was a beautiful woman of the Ethiopian royal family, much like the Queen of Sheba, and on the other she was a despicable prostitute who, at a time of political weakness, killed the Ethiopian king, captured the throne, and as a cruel ruler destroyed Aksum, the capital, persecuted the priests, and closed the churches.
4
Bausi, Alessandro. "Tradizione e prassi editoriale dei testi etiopici: un breve sguardo d’insieme." AION (filol.) Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” 42, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 184–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17246172-40010036.
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Abstract The tradition of Ethiopic texts, although characterized by a particular temporal articulation of its own that distinguishes texts from Antiquity and Late Antiquity and texts of the medieval age, has been and is the object of study of a philology that shares the history and paradigms of the other philologies of the Christian East; like these, throughout the course of the twentieth century and almost without exception, the criterion unwittingly selected and adopted as the norm of the ‘base manuscript’ dominated. Unlike the other philologies, however, in the last two decades of the twentieth century, the Italian school of Ethiopian studies renewed by Paolo Marrassini and eventually appreciated also in Europe and in Ethiopia, has largely applied the Neo-Lachmannian reconstructive stemmatic method to Ethiopic texts. Even in the absence of universal consensus, this method is still the only one that has prompted a theoretical-methodological reflection on the phenomenology of Ethiopic texts.
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Quirin, James. "Oral Traditions as Historical Sources in Ethiopia: The Case of the Beta Israel (Falasha)." History in Africa 20 (1993): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171976.
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It is axiomatic that historians should use all available sources. African historiography has been on the cutting edge of methodological innovation for the last three decades, utilizing written sources, oral traditions, archeology, linguistics, ethnography, musicology, botany, and other techniques to bring respect and maturity to the field.But the use of such a diverse methodology has brought controversy as well, particularly regarding oral traditions. Substantial criticisms have been raised concerning the problems of chronology and limited time depth, variations in different versions of the same events, and the problem of feedback between oral and written sources. A “structuralist” critique deriving from Claude Levi-Strauss's study of Amerindian mythology has provided a useful corrective to an overly-literal acceptance of oral traditions, but often went too far in throwing out the historical baby with the mythological bathwater, leading some historians to reject totally the use of oral data. A more balanced view has shown that a modified structural approach can be a useful tool in historical analysis. In Ethiopian historiography some preliminary speculations were made along structuralist lines,5 although in another sense such an approach was always implicit since the analysis of Ethiopie written hagiographies and royal chronicles required an awareness of the mythological or folk elements they contain.Two more difficult problems to overcome have been the Ethiopie written documents' centrist and elitist focus on the royal monarchy and Orthodox church. The old Western view that “history” required the existence of written documents and a state led to the paradigm of Ethiopia as an “outpost of Semitic civilization” and its historical and historiographical separation from the rest of Africa. The comparatively plentiful corpus of written documentation for Ethiopian history allowed such an approach, and the thousands of manuscripts made available to scholars on microfilm in the last fifteen years have demonstrated the wealth still to be found in written sources. However, such sources, although a starting point for research on Ethiopian history, no longer seem adequate in themselves because they focus primarily on political-military and religious events concerning the monarchy and church.
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Erlich, Haggai. "IDENTITY AND CHURCH: ETHIOPIAN–EGYPTIAN DIALOGUE, 1924–59." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 1 (February 2000): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800021036.
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In June 1959, Emperor Haile Sellassie of Ethiopia paid a visit to President Gamel Abdel Nasser of the United Arab Republic, during which the two leaders aired matters of acute strategic importance. Several issues, some touching the very heart of ancient Ethiopian–Egyptian relations, were in the stages of culmination. These included a bitter dispute over the Nile waters (some four-fifths of the water reaching Egypt originates in Ethiopia1), the emergence of an Arab-inspired Eritrean movement, Egyptian support of Somali irredentism, the Ethiopian alliance with Israel, the future of Pan-African diplomacy, and Soviet and American influences.2 Both leaders did their best to publicly ignore their conflicts. They were able to use a rich, though polarized, reservoir of mutual images in their speeches to emphasize the dimensions of old neighborliness and affinity.3 In a joint announcement issued during the farewell party of 28 June, they even underlined a common policy of non-alignment. Though they hinted at the issues mentioned earlier in all their public speeches, they refrained from referring to one culminating historical drama.4 On that very same day, in the main Coptic church of Cairo, the Egyptian Coptic Patriarch Kyrillos VI had ceremonially appointed the head of the Ethiopian church, Abuna Baselyos, as a patriarch in the presence of Haile Sellassie and Egyptian officials. In so doing, he declared the Orthodox Ethiopian church autocephalous, and for the first time since the early 4th century, the Ethiopian church had become independent of the Egyptian church.
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Gusarova, Ekaterina. "Textological features of the Chronicle of John of Nikiu." St. Tikhons' University Review. Series III. Philology 77 (December 25, 2023): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiii202377.31-39.
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In the frame of the present research the text of the Chronicle of John of Nikiu’s translation in Geez is considered on the base of its textological features. This compilation was created in Egypt at the end of the 7th century AD by John, Bishop of the city of Nikiu, most probably in Greek. Later it was translated in Arabic and finally in the very beginning of the 17th century in Ge'ez. It reached our days exclusively in the Ethiopic revision. Nevertheless the test has conserved traces of the history of its existence. In particular it concerns foreign in relation to Ethiopia loans in lexis and some grammar constructions not intrinsic for traditional Ethiopian historiography. Such textological features of the translation from Arabic into Geez are of great interest for the scientists. They shed, albeit limited, light on the original Greek and then Arabic versions of the text of the Chronicle. In addition it forms an idea about the process of translating and personal and professional qualities of the translators in the Middle Ages in Egypt and Ethiopia.
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Eshetu, Fassil, and Degye Goshu. "Determinants of Ethiopian Coffee Exports to Its Major Trade Partners: A Dynamic Gravity Model Approach." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732520976301.
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The aim of this article is to examine export determinants of Ethiopian coffee to 31 trade partner countries using a dynamic gravity model and system generalised moment method of estimation (GMM) for the period 1998–2016. Descriptive results showed that Ethiopia was exporting only 39% of its total coffee production, and 53.5% and 34.13% of Ethiopian coffee exports were directed to European and Asian countries, respectively, over the period 1998–2016. Regression results revealed that trade openness, population size of Ethiopia, foreign direct investment and institutional quality index of Ethiopia are positively and significantly affecting volume of Ethiopian coffee export. But population of partner countries, weighted distance, lagged export volume and real exchange rate are negatively and significantly influencing export volume of Ethiopian coffee. Hence, Ethiopia needs to diversify its export destinations and export items a way from primary agricultural exports to secondary industrial exports in order to secure dependable source of foreign currency. Also, controlling corruption, increasing government effectiveness, ensuring political stability promotion of foreign direct investment and encouraging trade liberalisation would help to boost the volume of Ethiopian coffee export. JEL Codes: F12, F13, F14
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Alemu, Amsale. "Clandestine Issues." Radical History Review 2024, no. 150 (October 1, 2024): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-11257447.
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Abstract To this day, materials surrounding the 1974 Ethiopian Revolution that live in the archives of Addis Ababa University are designated as “clandestine literature.” Their publication was a clandestine affair; critiquing the emperor of the then-oldest Christian kingdom in the world and eventually professing Marxist thinking, they amounted to blasphemy. However, building an argument for Ethiopian revolution was premised on another heretical proposition: that Ethiopia, world-famous for having eluded European colonial rule, was a client state of US imperialism during the mid-century age of decolonization. This article employs a selection of Ethiopian revolutionary papers—including magazines, newspapers, and journals produced and distributed across Ethiopia, North America, and Europe—to provide a genealogy of “US Imperialism in Ethiopia,” a composite, hand-transcribed document of the late 1960s that has since been destroyed. Assembling materials marked by both their refutation of and proximity to US empire, this article argues that building the case for US imperialism in Ethiopia was a necessary step to clarify and link Ethiopian revolutionary struggle to anticolonialism. In the process, the article thinks with and extends the archival designation “clandestine” as both the conspiracy of alleging US imperialism in Ethiopia and an analytic for reading other transnational networks of revolutionary papers.
10
Kissi, Edward. "Beneath International Famine Relief in Ethiopia: The United States, Ethiopia, and the Debate over Relief Aid, Development Assistance, and Human Rights." African Studies Review 48, no. 2 (September 2005): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2005.0067.
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Abstract:This article analyzes the conflicting interpretations of famine, relief aid, development assistance, and human rights by the Ethiopian and American governments, and the complexity of each government's policy and motives. It argues that in the 1970s and 1980s, the Carter and Reagan administrations faced the moral and political dilemma of assisting people in Ethiopia who were in desperate need with-out strengthening the hostile Ethiopian government in the process. And the government of Ethiopia had to make the difficult choice of accepting American aid on American terms at a period in Ethiopian history when doing so was politically suicidal. That America provided the aid and Ethiopia accepted it exemplifies the conduct of international relations in which human dignity compels nations to accommodate one another even within the boundaries of their mutual antagonism.
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Montagnon, Christophe, Faris Sheibani, Tadesse Benti, Darrin Daniel, and Adugna Debela Bote. "Deciphering Early Movements and Domestication of Coffea arabica through a Comprehensive Genetic Diversity Study Covering Ethiopia and Yemen." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123203.
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The coffee species Coffea arabica is facing numerous challenges regarding climate change, pests and disease pressure. Improved varieties will be part of the solution. Making optimal use of the scarce genetic diversity of the species is hence essential. In this paper, we present the first study of C. arabica genetic diversity covering its complete native habitat in Ethiopia together with its main domestication centers: Yemen and Hararghe region in Ethiopia. All in all, 555 samples were analyzed with a set of Single Sequence Repeat markers. Through admixture genetic analysis, six clusters were identified. A total of two “Core Ethiopian” clusters did not participate in the domestication of the species. There were four clusters that were part of the “Domestication Pathway” of C. arabica. The first one was named “Ethiopian Legacy” as it represents the genetic link between “Core Ethiopia” and the “Domestication Pathway” in Yemen and Hararghe. The geographic origin of this cluster in Ethiopia was the south of Ethiopia, namely Gedio, Guji and Sidama, which hence appears as the source of coffee seeds that led to the domestication of C. arabica. In Yemen, in addition to the “Ethiopian Legacy” cluster, we confirmed the “Typica/Bourbon” and “New-Yemen” clusters. In Hararghe, the “Harrar” cluster, never described before, likely originates from a re-introduction of domesticated coffee from Yemen into this region of Ethiopia. Cultivated varieties around the world today originate from the “Ethiopian Legacy” and “Typica/Bourbon” clusters and but none are related to the “new-Yemen” and “Harrar” clusters. Implications for breeding strategies are discussed.
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Eshetu, Fassil, and Abule Mehare. "Determinants of Ethiopian Agricultural Exports: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis." Review of Market Integration 12, no. 1-2 (August 2020): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974929220969272.
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Although the share of developing countries in international trade has been growing over the last two decades, the share of Africa and Ethiopia in international trade has remained below 3 and 0.3 per cent, respectively. More importantly, despite the colossal effort that has been made by the Ethiopian government to remedy the problem of the export sector over the last two decades, the country has faced a twin deficit: trade deficit and fiscal deficit. As a result, the trade balance of Ethiopia has been worsening through time due to the widening gap between export and import values. Therefore, this study examined the determinants of Ethiopian agricultural exports using the imperfect substitutes’ model as a theoretical framework and system generalised moment method as an analytical model for the period 1998–2018. The regression result of the two-step system generalised moment method showed that gross domestic product, exchange rate, road network, corruption index of Ethiopia, lagged export value, indirect tax revenue and domestic saving are the major determinants of agricultural exports in Ethiopia. However, foreign direct investment and labour force are negatively and significantly related to Ethiopian agricultural exports. Hence, rapid economic growth, currency devaluation, encouraging domestic saving, reducing the tariff on export and better control of corruption would boost Ethiopian agricultural exports. Besides, controlling rapid population growth and directing foreign direct investment to the agricultural sector will also surge Ethiopian agricultural exports.
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Faille, Arnaud, Sylvia Hofmann, Yeshitla Merene, David Hauth, Lars Opgenoorth, Yitbarek Woldehawariat, and Joachim Schmidt. "Explosive radiation versus old relicts: The complex history of Ethiopian Trechina, with description of a new genus and a new subgenus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70, no. 2 (September 27, 2023): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.107425.
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The trechine beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the Ethiopian Highlands is known to be highly diverse in species, and many species groups were recognized to be characterized by unusual character states of external and genital morphology. Earlier authors described several genera and subgenera of Ethiopian Trechina endemic to certain high mountains of the country. However, the relationships of these species groups and their evolutionary history are unknown so far. Here, we present the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of Ethiopian Trechina, detect several synonymic names under Trechus sensu lato, and introduce two new species groups to the country’s fauna: the monotypic genus Baehria Schmidt & Faille, gen. nov., with the type species B. separatasp. nov. from Mt. Choke in northern Ethiopia, and the Trechus subgenus Abunetrechus Schmidt & Faille, subgen. nov., with the type species T. bipartitus Raffray, 1885; this subgenus includes three species of northern Ethiopia. We show that the composition of the Ethiopian fauna is based on multiple events of immigration, which started simultaneously with or some million years after the Oligocene-Early Miocene orogenic events north and south of the Rift Valley. Our results support the habitat island hypothesis for the evolution of the Ethiopian highland fauna. We found no evidence for an alternative hypothesis assuming a close connection of the Trechina immigration to Ethiopia and Pleistocene cooling. We, thus, conclude that the geomorphological development rather than the climatic changes are the main drivers of the diversification of the high-altitude Trechina fauna in Ethiopia.
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Sigatu, Kaleab Tadesse. "From Security Provider to a Security Risk?" Hadtudományi Szemle 15, no. 4 (2022): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2022.4.5.
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This paper aims to offer an overview of a unique and decade-long Ethiopian peacekeeping deployment in Abyei, where Ethiopian contingents comprise almost the entire force, where the deployment ended in an ungraceful manner because of disapproval from the government of Sudan. The paper reveals that the Tigray conflict which resulted in the desertion of the Ethiopian peacekeepers and Egyptian pressure on Sudan because of the GERD have contributed to the withdrawal of Ethiopian peacekeepers and the Ethiopia–Sudan border dispute brought a dark shadow on their relations in addition to the disruption of the peacekeeping deployment. The paper concludes that unless Ethiopia makes a progress on internal stability and reboots its relations with its neighbours, Ethiopia’s role as a peace mediator and peacekeeper in the region becomes an ignominy.
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Rose, Wayne A. "W. E. B. Du Bois: Ethiopia and Pan-Africanism." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719833394.
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This article examines Du Bois’s interactions with Ethiopian government representatives who were sent to America during the first half of the 20th century, and identifies numerous ways in which Du Bois provided direct and indirect support to Ethiopia and Ethiopian causes. Previous works in this genre emphasize Du Bois’s vast and varied contributions to Pan-Africanism and African American political and social thinking. However, this essay adds new information to existing narratives on Du Bois’s Pan-African focus by unearthing his specific focus and contributions to Ethiopia. Ultimately, the findings reveal the extent of Du Bois’s contributions to Ethiopia and debunk some old myths regarding his Pan-African agenda.
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Olkaba, Teklu Tafase, and Ewnetu Hailu Tamene. "Deliverology in Ethiopian Higher Education as a Quality Management Tool: Critical Review and the Insider’s Reflection." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.4p.83.
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The concept of deliverology as a systematic process for driving progress and delivering results in government and the public sector, was endorsed in Ethiopia in 2017 for the purpose of quality management in Ethiopian public universities. The impetus of this reflective review article is to examine the essence of deliverology as a quality management tool in Ethiopian higher learning institutions as a response to graduate unemployment. In Ethiopia, different reform strategies were endorsed in higher learning institutions such as: program diversification, modularization governance reform strategies and currently deliverology as a quality management tool. This paper critically reviewed the Ethiopian higher learning institutions experiences and the essence of deliverology from its inceptions to the current implementation in Ethiopian public universities. The findings portray that deliverology as strategy for quality management is not conceived in Ethiopian higher education community at large and reality on the ground is different from the literature developed on the science of deliverology.
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Abera, Communist G. "English-Ethiopian Relations: from the Establishment of the First Consulate to the War between the Two Countries (1848-1868)." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (218) (June 23, 2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-2-44-50.
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Ethiopia's international relations with Great Britain obtained their modern form under Tewodros II. It happened during his reign when the British representative office and its diplomatic mission in Ethiopia were opened. The United Kingdom was the first country to open its consulate in Ethiopia in 1848. For the British, Palmerston's opening of the consulate in Ethiopia in 1848 was a very important undertaking. However, this event was doomed to failure, as the political situation in the UK and Ethiopia made the effec-tive trade relations between them impossible. The English-Ethiopian policy of 1848-1868 can be considered as a kind of triumph of Foreign Ministers Palmerston, Russell and Prime Minister Stanley. At the same time, Emperor Tewodros of Ethiopia was very wary of the true motives of the British. The absence of an immediate response from Queen Victoria to his letter in 1862, which contained a request for military supplies, and Britain's general preference for Ethiopian neighbors did not contribute to the warm attitude of the Emperor of Ethiopia to the British consulate. Subsequently, this led to an open conflict between the two countries.
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Strebel, Barbara. "Leben auf dem Missionsfeld Chrischona-Pilgermissionare in Äthiopien (1856–1868)." Aethiopica 4 (June 30, 2013): 121–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.4.1.493.
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The Crischona-missionaries encountered considerable difficulties in Ethiopia: slow communication with Europe, financial problems, complex processes of adaptation to or differentiation from Ethiopian culture and the missionary efforts within the Ethiopian Church. Ultimately, their enterprise was doomed to failure.
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Vigne, Lucy. "A tale of two African cities–Ivory trade comparisons in Khartoum/Omdurman and Addis Ababa." Pachyderm 58 (September 30, 2017): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v58i.421.
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During a short visit to Sudan and Ethiopia in April 2017, the author learned that in Sudan the wholesale price of raw ivory was USD 279/kg for a 1-3 kg tusk. There were 56 souvenir shops seen in Khartoum/Omdurman displaying 7,073 ivory items for sale. Several shops were selling significant quantities of recently-carved ivory items. Prices for both wholesale tusks and retail ivory items had more than doubled since the last published survey undertaken by Martin in 2005. Chinese were still the main customers. Most items were pendants and bangles. Ethiopia, in contrast, has improved its law enforcement efforts and justice system considerably following the government’s confiscation of ivory items from the shops in Addis Ababa in 2015, including extra vigilance at the airport and penalties implemented. Ivory items were no longer seen in the souvenir shops in 2017. Ethiopian officials, with support from the Chinese Embassy and other embassies and conservationists, must be commended for their ongoing law enforcement efforts and success. It is hoped the successful law enforcement strategies in Ethiopia can be emulated in Sudan. Lors d'une courte visite au Soudan et en Ethiopie en avril 2017, l'auteur a appris qu'au Soudan, le prix de gros de l'ivoire brut était de 279 Dollars US/kg pour une défense de 1-3kg. Il y avait 56 magasins de souvenirs à Khartoum/Omdurman affichant 7.073 articles en ivoire à vendre. Plusieurs magasins vendaient des quantités importantes d'objets en ivoire nouvellement sculptés. Les prix des défenses en gros et des articles en ivoire de détail ont plus que doublé depuis le dernier sondage publié par Martin en 2005. Les Chinois étaient toujours les principaux clients. La plupart des articles étaient des pendentifs et des bracelets. L'Ethiopie, en revanche, a amélioré ses efforts d'application de la loi et son système de justice, suite à la confiscation des objets en ivoire des magasins à Addis-Abeba par les autorités gouvernementales en 2015, et à une vigilance supplémentaire à l'aéroport et des pénalités mises en œuvre. Les articles en ivoire n'étaient plus visibles dans les magasins de souvenirs en 2017. On doit féliciter les responsables éthiopiens, qui, avec le soutien de l'ambassade de Chine, d'autres ambassades et des défenseurs de l’environnement, font des efforts pour appliquer la loi et réussissent. On espère que ces stratégies réussies en matière d'application de la loi en Ethiopie pourront être émulées au Soudan.
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Whittington, Dale, John Waterbury, and Marc Jeuland. "The Grand Renaissance Dam and prospects for cooperation on the Eastern Nile." Water Policy 16, no. 4 (March 8, 2014): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.011b.
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The escalation of tensions between Ethiopia and Egypt over the construction of the Grand Renaissance is at least partly based on a misunderstanding of the nature of the risks this dam poses to Egypt. There is a two-part, win–win deal that can defuse tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia. First, Ethiopia needs to agree with Egypt and Sudan on rules for filling the Grand Renaissance Dam (GRD) reservoir and on operating rules during periods of drought. Second, Egypt needs to acknowledge that Ethiopia has a right to develop its water resources infrastructure for the benefit of its people based on the principle of equitable use, and agree not to block the power trade agreements that Ethiopia needs with Sudan to make the GRD financially viable. Sudan has a big stake in Egyptian–Ethiopian reconciliation over the use of the Nile. Although Sudan's agricultural and hydropower interests now align with those of Ethiopia, there does not seem to be a formal agreement between Ethiopia and Sudan for the sale of hydropower from the GRD. Because the economic feasibility of the GRD and other Ethiopian hydropower projects will depend on such agreements, Sudan has leverage with both Ethiopia and Egypt to encourage this win–win deal.
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Young, John. "Along Ethiopia's western frontier: Gambella and Benishangul in transition." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 2 (June 1999): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x9900302x.
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The lowland Ethiopian regions of Gambella and Benishangul, bordering Sudan, form a classic frontier zone. ‘Modern’ politics dates from the 1974 Ethiopian revolution, and has been shaped by developments on either side of the frontier, as well as by the complex relations among indigenous peoples, and between them and immigrants and officials from highland areas of Ethiopia. The implementation of the post-1991 Ethiopian government's programme of ethnic regionalism has intensified local rivalries, and regional governments remain weak, being highly dependent on professionals from highland Ethiopia. Education, transport links, and other indicators of development remain poor. None the less, local political power, in sharp contrast to earlier periods, has to an appreciable extent passed into the hands of indigenous leaders.
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Barinov, A. K. "Transport Infrastructure in Ethiopia." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-105-118.
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The development of transport infrastructure is a priority objective for many African countries. This process has significant impact on the efficiency of continental and world trade corridors, and also influence on the costs of economic activity. In this case, the transformation in the transport sector of Ethiopia must be noted. The government of the country has taken a decision to create national railway network and develop aviation and road lines of communication. After The Eritrean War of Independence Eritrean separation was announced and Ethiopia lost its maritime infrastructure and became a landlocked country. This situation provides great difficulties in process of international trade and economic activity for the region. Now the development of transport corridors which connect economic centers with large ports of the region is a priority task for Ethiopian government. In this case Ethiopia is actively attracting foreign investors and world financial organizations to create stable, efficient and economically profitable ways of transport communication with the port infrastructure of neighboring countries. This year, Chinese companies finished to rebuilt the railway line Addis Ababa-Djibouti, in the coming years, governments of Kenya and Ethiopia, will launch new Mombasa-Nairobi-Addis Ababa motorway. This infrastructure projects are essential for enhancing Ethiopian competitiveness and economic activity and provide opportunity to reduce transport costs. Moreover, the Ethiopian authorities are making great progress in developing the internal transport infrastructure, first of all, in terms of increased paved road and development of railway infrastructure, which promotes more efficient use of natural,economic and human resources. Foreign companies are actively involved in realization of this transport projects and it can be a perspective area for cooperation between Russian Federation and Ethiopia. The article provides a detailed overview of Ethiopian transport sector and describes the key infrastructureprojects which can be interesting for Russian companies.
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Mekonnen, Yibeltal, Charlotte Hanlon, Solomon Emyu, Ruth Vania Cornick, Lara Fairall, Daniel Gebremichael, Telahun Teka, et al. "Using a mentorship model to localise the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK): from South Africa to Ethiopia." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 5 (November 2018): e001108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001108.
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The Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, recognised the potential of the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) programme to promote integrated, comprehensive and evidence-informed primary care as a means to achieving universal health coverage. Localisation of the PACK guide to become the ‘Ethiopian Primary Health Care Clinical Guidelines’ (PHCG) was spearheaded by a core team of Ethiopian policy and technical experts, mentored by the Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town. A research collaboration, ASSET (heAlth Systems StrEngThening in sub-Saharan Africa), has brought together policy-makers from the Ministry of Health and health systems researchers from Ethiopia (Addis Ababa University) and overseas partners for the PACK localisation process, and will develop, implement and evaluate health systems strengthening interventions needed for a successful scale-up of the Ethiopian PHCG. Localisation of PACK for Ethiopia included expanding the guide to include a wider range of infectious diseases and an expanded age range (from 5 to 15 years). Early feedback from front-line primary healthcare (PHC) workers is positive: the guide gives them greater confidence and is easy to understand and use. A training cascade has been initiated, with a view to implementing in 400 PHC facilities in phase 1, followed by scale-up to all 3724 health centres in Ethiopia during 2019. Monitoring and evaluation of the Ministry of Health implementation at scale will be complemented by indepth evaluation by ASSET in demonstration districts. Anticipated challenges include availability of essential medications and laboratory investigations and the need for additional training and supervisory support to deliver care for non-communicable diseases and mental health. The strong leadership from the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia combined with a productive collaboration with health systems research partners can help to ensure that Ethiopian PHCG achieves standardisation of clinical practice at the primary care level and quality healthcare for all.
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Alemu, Getaneh Agegn. "Development and Maintenance of The Ethiopian Legal Information Website." Afrika Focus 20, no. 1-2 (February 15, 2007): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0200102008.
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Development and Maintenance of the Ethiopian Legal Information Website Information and Communication Technology in general and the internet in particular have been creating unprecedented opportunities in facilitating and streamlining access to information. Websites have become a common way of publishing legal information for the public in many countries. In Ethiopia, however, the availability of legal websites has been very limited or non-existent. Except for the constitution, no other basic Ethiopian law has ever been published online. To benefit from the tremendous potentials of the internet, a project was initiated to develop an Ethiopian Legal Information Web Site. Based on users' requirements obtained from questionnaire analysis, and current paradigms and implications, the Ethiopian Legal Information Website was designed, developed, implemented and maintained The website is an online database of Ethiopian basic laws developed by Mekelle University, Ethiopia, in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department of Ghent University, Belgium. Basic laws included on the site at present are the Ethiopian Constitution, Civil Code, Criminal Code, Civil Procedure Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Commercial Code and Family Code. The laws can be viewed and used in full text html, whereas some of the laws including the 2004 Criminal Code, Family Code, FDRE Constitution and the Tigray Regional State Constitution are available in pdf Laws can be searched by keywords using the site search engine. Comments and suggestions from experts and Ethiopian laws users have been collected, hence modifications, improvements and additions have been made to the website. The Ethiopian Legal Information Website was first hosted on the University of Ghent internet server and currently in the Mekelle University server at http://mail.mu.edu.et/~ethiopialaws/ The Ethiopian Legal Information Website has been found to be a useful web portal to access and use the basic Ethiopian laws. The University of Ghent, !LO, the Library of Congress, AUSTLII, WASHLAW, WIKIPEDIA and other major legal web portals make citations in reference to the site. While the website currently contains only the basic laws of the federal government, an action plan is prepared to include regional laws of Ethiopia. Other legal information including amendments to the laws, decisions and legal news will also be included on the site, hence a comprehensive Ethiopian Legal Web Portal will be developed and maintained.
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Yahovkin, Anton. "TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN-ETHIOPIAN RELATIONS IN 1965-1967." Paper of Faculty of History, no. 33 (March 12, 2024): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2312-6825.2022.33.270472.
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In this article, the author aims to explore the place and role of American-Ethiopian relations in US geopolitical strategies. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the American-Ethiopian relations on the East African region in the context of US foreign policy. Research methods. Historical-genetic method is used in the article, which gave an opportunity to explore the genesis of East African politics of the USA, to identify the main tendencies of this policy direction at every stage. A systematic approach was used for the comprehensive analysis of the USA East Africa policy in 1965–1967, which gave an opportunity to identify economic and geopolitical interests of the USA in East Africa, goals and objectives of major counties towards Ethiopia, and to trace in this regard the attitude of the USA towards Ethiopia’s confrontation with Somalia and Eritrea. Conclusions. Despite the orientation of the Foreign policy of the emperor of Ethiopia to the USA and his attempts to satisfy the USA interests (including the allocation of a military base in Ethiopia), Haile Selassie I failed to fully attract not only American private fund but also to make Ethiopia one of the Foreign policy priorities of the USA government. Ethiopia was of no interest to the USA not only as a potential economic partner (it remained an agricultural country with obsolete modes of production), but also as a military ally. The USA supported some plans of the emperor of Ethiopia, for example the project of accession of Eritrea to the Ethiopian Empire, for the following reasons only: due to independent Eritrean country’s insolvency due to the necessity to maintain peace and order in the Northeastern Africa, on the west coast of the Red Sea. «Right» was given to the Ethiopian Empire, which needed the access to the sea and which at that time had a relatively strong army capable to battle any inner reaction and to defend the borders of Eritrea, where American military bases were located.
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Hou, Guomiao, Fekadu Tadege Kobe, Zhihua Zhang, and M. James C. Crabbe. "Patterns and Teleconnection Mechanisms of Extreme Precipitation in Ethiopia during 1990–2020." Water 15, no. 22 (November 7, 2023): 3874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15223874.
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The occurrence of extreme precipitation events always leads to a mass of disasters. In this study, based on daily precipitation data from 20 meteorological stations in Ethiopia, we performed a detailed analysis of patterns and trends of ten extreme precipitation indices during 1990–2020. Our study revealed that different topographic conditions on the Ethiopian Plateau, Ethiopian savanna and Ethiopian desert resulted in great differences in patterns and trends of extreme precipitation. Notably, extreme precipitation intensity indices (Rx1day, Rx5day, SDII) and amount indices (R95pTOT) showed significant downward trends in the eastern desert (averagely −1.0 mm/year, −3.0 mm/year, −0.25 mm day−1/year, −6.0 mm/year) and upward trends in the northern plateau and southern savanna (averagely 0.3 mm/year, 0.4 mm/year, 0.05 mm day−1/year, 3.0 mm/year). These implied that extreme precipitation events decreased in the eastern desert and increased in the northern plateau and southern savanna during the past thirty years. Annual trends of the CDD index were upward (0.5 to 1.9 days/year) in most of Ethiopia while those of the CWD index were close to zero in most of Ethiopia, indicating that Ethiopia faced a longer duration of drought in the past thirty years. Moreover, we revealed that the local mean temperature, local mean precipitation, Southwest Asian summer monsoon and West African summer monsoon have significant impacts on the intensity, amount and duration of extreme precipitations in Ethiopia.
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Shay, Shaul. "Ethiopia – conflicts in three frontlines." Security science journal 3, no. 1 (March 26, 2022): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.3.1.6.
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Ethiopia is a multi-ethnic nation with a population of 110 million. For more than two decades Ethiopia has been considered one of the most stable countries on the African continent, with an impressive rate of economic development and a leading political status on the African continent and beyond. Ethiopian Prime Minister Ahmed Abiy signed a peace treaty with Eritrea and won the Nobel Peace Prize. Since 2020, however, there has been a rapid deterioration in the security and political situation of the country and Ethiopia is currently facing one of the most severe crises it has known in the modern era. Prime Minister Abiy has been embroiled in a confrontation with the opposition from Tigray province that has led to a bloody civil war, talks on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam with Egypt and Sudan have reached a dead end, and there has been a deterioration in the border conflict between Ethiopia and Sudan. There are concerns that the rapidly escalating civil war could trigger wider violence in Ethiopia that could even lead to it breaking up. Landlocked Ethiopia borders six countries. Troops from Eritrea are already fighting in Ethiopia and a prolonged internal crisis could suck in other neighbors and destabilize the volatile Horn of Africa region.
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Salvadore, Matteo, and James De Lorenzi. "An Ethiopian Scholar in Tridentine Rome: Täsfa Ṣeyon and the Birth of Orientalism." Itinerario 45, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115320000157.
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AbstractThis article surveys the diasporic life and legacy of the Ethiopian ecclesiastic Täsfa Ṣeyon. After examining his origins in the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia and the circumstances of his arrival in mid-sixteenth-century Rome, the article outlines his contributions to the evolving Latin Catholic understanding of Ethiopia. Täsfa Ṣeyon was a librarian, copyist, teacher, translator, author, and community leader, as well as a prominent adviser to European humanist scholars and Church authorities concerned with orientalist philologia sacra as it pertained to Ethiopian Orthodox (täwaḥedo) Christianity. As such, he was a key extra-European agent in the Tridentine project of Ethiopianist and Eastern Christian knowledge production. The article also surveys the complex modern legacy of Täsfa Ṣeyon's career, documenting his posthumous influence in the fields of Ethiopianist Semitic studies and Ethiopian vernacular historiography.
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Dobson, Teresa M., Marlene Asselin, and Alemu Abebe. "Considerations for Design and Production of Digital Books for Early Literacy in Ethiopia." Language and Literacy 20, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29414.
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This paper considers the implications of digital text production models for the development of reading materials for emergent and early readers in the Ethiopian context. We draw from several theoretical frameworks and also from comments of Ethiopian academics, writers, and publishers to ground descriptions of Ethiopian contexts of language and literacy. We then present three different models for the production and curation of digital stories for children and contemplate how these models align with existing literacy traditions and practices. We also raise questions about the potential effects on the development of literary culture and children’s literature in Ethiopia of projects aimed at rapidly producing large corpora of literature for children. Ultimately, we pose complicated cultural and linguistic questions that need to be taken into consideration to provide appropriate and original early literacy materials in Ethiopia.
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Tepedelen, Kenan. "A Forgotten Diplomatic Front of World War I: Ethiopia." Belleten 71, no. 261 (August 1, 2007): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2007.757.
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The First World War that caused the collapse of four Empires: the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, is being remembered today as a pitiless conflict that caused the death of 8.700.000 soldiers and civilians and the rendering destitute of at least quite as many. Those who study the WWI tend to focus their attention upon the large battles that took place during the 1914-18 period but few realise the enormous struggle for influence over Ethiopia - the then only independent country, other than Liberia, on the African Continent - that took place between the Entente and the Central Powers and the intensity of diplomatic efforts made to draw Ethiopia into one camp or the other. The appointment of Ahmed Mazhar Bey, a previous director of the Translation Department at the Bâb-ı Ali (Sublime Porte) as Consul General of the Ottoman Empire in the eastern Ethiopian city of Harar and the subsequent transfer of the Consulate General to the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa in 1914, led to important developments in the history of Ethiopia. Mazhar Bey who would demonstrate soon his skills of visionary in his position, was quick to realise the strategic advantages that would accrue from the alignment of Ethiopia to the ranks of the Central Empires. The Turkish Consul General's efforts towards this end were met favourably by Lidj Iyassou, the young de facto Emperor of Ethiopia, who, besides his sympathy for Islam, had developed a personal friendship with Mazhar Bey. The possible entry of Ethiopia to the war on the side of the Central Powers caused the Ambassadors of the Entente Powers (Great Britain, France and Italy) in Addis Ababa to take action and on September 10th 1916, the British, French and Italian Ministers made a joint "demarche" vis-avis the Ethiopian Government. The fruits of the Entente Powers' undertaking were soon to be harvested. The Archbishop of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church Abouna Matheos would, on the 27th September 1916, declare Prince Lidj Iyassou both deposed and excommunicated. Thus, the Addis Ababa "Coup d'Etat" of 27th September 1916, was going to change the course of the history of modern Ethiopia.
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Van der Beken, Christophe. "Ethiopia: From a Centralised Monarchy to a Federal Republic." Afrika Focus 20, no. 1-2 (February 15, 2007): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0200102003.
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Ethiopia: From a Centralised Monarchy to a Federal Republic Although the Ethiopian state traces its roots back to the empire of Axum in the first centuries AD, the modern Ethiopian state took shape in the second half of the 19th century. During that period the territory of the Ethiopian empire expanded considerably. Several ethnic groups were incorporated into the empire and the foundations for a strong, centralised state were laid Centralisation of authority in the hands of the emperor and a strategy of nation building that denied the ethnic diversity of Ethiopian society characterised the rule of Emperor Haile Selassie. At the same time, these elements contributed to its decline. Haile Selassie was ultimately deposed by a military committee in 1974. This announced the end of the Ethiopian monarchy and the transformation of the Ethiopian state, following the Marxist model. In spite of Marxist-Leninist attention to the 'nationalities issue', Ethiopia remained a centralised state, dominated by one ethnic identity. This gave rise to increasing resistance from various regional and ethnic liberation movements. The combined effort of these movements caused the fall of military rule in May 1991. The new regime, which was dominated by ethnically organised parties, initiated a radical transformation of the Ethiopian state structure that leads to the establishment of a federation in 1995.
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Gebru Tareke. "The Genesis of Student Radicalism in Ethiopia." Africa Review of Books 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2009): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/arb.v5i1.4755.
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The Quest for Expression: State and the University in Ethiopia under Three Regimes, 1952 – 2005 by Randi Rnning Balsvik. Addis Ababa University Press, 2007, 190 pp. ISBN: 978-99944-52-08-8Radicalism and Cultural Dislocation in Ethiopia, 1960-1974 by Messay Kebede. University of Rochester Press, 2008, 235 pp. ISBN: 978-1-58046-291-4 Between 1974 and 1991, Ethiopia passed through two revolutions in which students played an uncommon role. That history has been extensively analysed by scholars, including former members of the international Ethiopian student movement. The two books under review are the latest additions to the growing literature on this subject, without which Ethiopian history of the last half century cannot be fully appreciated. The books are qualitatively different: while one is merely descriptive and uninspiring, the other is interpretive and provocative, bound to cause considerable controversy especially among Ethiopians.Balsvik’s The Quest for Expression, which seeks to examine ‘the democratization process in Ethiopia’ under three regimes, is a continuation of her pioneering and first substantive scholarly work on the Ethiopian student movement. It is, however, less weighty. Slightly less than one-fifth of the book is a rehash of the first, and more than half of it deals with issues, such as the Red Terror, which are well covered in other works. Only about a third of the volume offers new material but hardly any fresh insights...
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Nikonov, Vyacheslav A. "A New Member of BRICS — Ethiopia." Public Administration. E-journal (Russia), no. 106 (October 31, 2024): 7–37. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu2070-1381-106-2024-7-37.
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The article analyzes the political, economic and cultural development of Ethiopia throughout the existence of this unique state and its role in regional and world politics. It is argued that the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is one of the oldest civilizations and the only sub-Saharan African country with a long tradition of sovereign existence. The author explores the history of various state entities, including Napata, Damaat, Aksum and others that existed on the territory of modern Ethiopia. The analysis of the main stages of the colonial expansion of the European powers in the second half of the XIX – first half of the XX centuries in the region and the participation of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union in the consistent support of Ethiopian people's struggle against foreign invaders is carried out. It provides an overview of the key events of the long-term reign of Emperor Haile Selassie, the Ethiopian Revolution and the subsequent civil war, the armed conflict in Ogaden and Soviet-Ethiopian relations in the 1970s and 1980s. The article examines the period of formation of modern Ethiopia, including the democratic reforms of the 1990s, the separation of Eritrea, the armed conflict between the central government and the Tigray rebels, and internal political processes in the country. Special attention is paid to the relations between Addis Ababa and Moscow, which are actively developing today. As a result, it is concluded that Ethiopia, which joined the BRICS in 2024, fits seamlessly into this alliance, which is a genuine “concert of civilizations”.
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Kassaye, Nigusie Wolde Michae, and Yu N. Buzykina. "The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and its role in the State before 1974." Russian Journal of Church History 2, no. 3 (November 9, 2021): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2021-60.
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The aim of the study is to consider the role and place of the Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Church in preserving the ancient traditions and culture of the peoples of Ethiopia. The history of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church is closely related to that of the Alexandrian Orthodox Church, but for a significant part of its history it fought for autocephaly, which was achieved only under Emperor Haile Selassie I. The most important function of the Church in Ethiopia was education and spread of literacy, the preservation and transfer of knowledge in the field of religion and public administration. The objective of the study is to analyze how this function was implemented during the first half of the XX century. The research is based on the documents of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation and of the Ethiopian Microfilm Laboratory EMML.
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Vasiliev, Alexey M., and Ekaterina A. Elkina. "Water of the Nile. Present. Past. Future." Asia & Africa today, no. 11 (December 15, 2024): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321507524110047.
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Hydropolitics has become an important component of international relations both in North Africa and in the countries south of the Sahara. The most prominent example is the disputes between Egypt and Ethiopia over the distribution and management of the Nile’s waters. Approximately 3/4 of the Nile’s water originates from the Ethiopian Highlands, and the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile is seen by Ethiopia as its sovereign right. The goal is to increase electricity production in this very poor country to boost the economy and address social issues. Egypt, on the other hand, relies on the Nile for 97% of its water supply. Its agriculture is based on irrigated farming, and the hydroelectric station of the Aswan High Dam contributes significantly to the country’s economy. The construction and filling of the Ethiopian dam have led to high tensions between Cairo and Addis Ababa. Numerous negotiations have reached an impasse. In 2024, the conflict expanded to the Horn of Africa. Egypt, alongside Eritrea, began supporting the internationally recognized government of Somalia, while Ethiopia established cooperation with the breakaway region of Somaliland. So far, the confrontation has not escalated to the use of military force.
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Six, Veronika. "Das Äthiopien in Adolph Knigges Roman: Realität oder Hilfsmittel." Aethiopica 2 (August 6, 2013): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.2.1.538.
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The German Adolph Knigge (1752–96), an exponent of the Age of Enlightenment, is the author of a novel, which he gave a title including some Ethiopian elements. This article seeks to answer three questions: 1. How far the description of Knigge’s Ethiopia does agree with the “real” Ethiopia. 2. What could have been the sources of his information and knowledge. 3. Why did he choose Ethiopia as peg, though he was not writing for Ethiopianists or people alike. It is obvious that for the description of the fictitious Ethiopian novel Knigge took the information from Bruce’s travel report. And it is obvious that he was familiar with Ludolf and his time. Knigge being interested in a success of his publications could rely on a sales promoting effect of the book title because of the background of information of his 18th century readership.
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Memirie, Solomon Tessema, Mahlet Kifle Habtemariam, Mathewos Asefa, Biniyam Tefera Deressa, Getamesay Abayneh, Biniam Tsegaye, Mihiret Woldetinsae Abraha, et al. "Estimates of Cancer Incidence in Ethiopia in 2015 Using Population-Based Registry Data." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.17.00175.
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Purpose Noncommunicable diseases, prominently cancer, have become the second leading cause of death in the adult population of Ethiopia. A population-based cancer registry has been used in Addis Ababa (the capital city) since 2011. Availability of up-to-date estimates on cancer incidence is important in guiding the national cancer control program in Ethiopia. Methods We obtained primary data on 8,539 patients from the Addis Ababa population-based cancer registry and supplemented by data on 1,648 cancer cases collected from six Ethiopian regions. We estimated the number of the commonest forms of cancer diagnosed among males and females in Ethiopia and computed crude and age-standardized incidence rates. Results For 2015 in Ethiopia, we estimated that 21,563 (95% CI, 17,416 to 25,660) and 42,722 (95% CI, 37,412 to 48,040) incident cancer cases were diagnosed in males and females, respectively. The most common adult cancers were: cancers of the breast and cervix, colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and cancers of the prostate, thyroid, lung, stomach, and liver. Leukemia was the leading cancer diagnosis in the pediatric age group (age 0 to 14 years). Breast cancer was by far the commonest cancer, constituting 33% of the cancers in women and 23% of all cancers identified from the Addis Ababa cancer registry. It was also the commonest cancer in four of the six Ethiopian regions included in the analysis. Colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were the commonest malignancies in men. Conclusion Cancer, and more prominently breast cancer, poses a substantial public health threat in Ethiopia. The fight against cancer calls for expansion of population-based registry sites to improve quantifying the cancer burden in Ethiopia and requires both increased investment and application of existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the Ethiopian population.
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Asteraye, Girma Birhan, Gina Pinchbeck, Theodore Knight-Jones, Klara Saville, Wudu Temesgen, Alemayehu Hailemariam, and Jonathan Rushton. "Population, distribution, biomass, and economic value of Equids in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 22, 2024): e0295388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295388.
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Background Equids play a crucial role in the Ethiopian economy, transporting agricultural inputs and outputs in the dominant subsistence agricultural systems and the critical link for value chains throughout the country. However, these species are often neglected in policies and interventions, which reflects the data and information gaps, particularly the contribution of working equids to Ethiopia. Objective To assess population dynamics, distribution, biomass, and economic value of equids in Ethiopia. Materials and methods Equine population data were obtained from the Ethiopian Central Statistics Agency (CSA) annual national agriculture surveys published yearbooks from 2004 to 2020. Parameters such as the number of effective service days and daily rental value were obtained from interviews and literature to estimate the stock monetary and service value of equids. Descriptive statistics were used to assess population dynamics and the geographical distribution was mapped. Results The estimated total Ethiopian equid population increased by more than doubled (by 131%) between 2004 and 2020 from 5.7 (4.9–6.6) million to 13.3 (11.6–15) million with 2.1 million horses, 10.7 million donkeys, and 380 thousand mules. Similarly, the number of households owning a working equid has increased. Equine populations are unevenly distributed across Ethiopia, although data were lacking in some districts of the country. The per human-capita equine population ranged from 0–0.52, 0–0.13, and 0–0.02 for donkeys, horses, and mules, respectively. The equid biomass was 7.4 (6.3–8.4) million Tropical livestock unit (TLU) (250 kg liveweight), 10% of total livestock biomass of the country. The stock monetary value of equids was USD 1,229 (651–1,908) million, accounting for 3.1% of total livestock monetary value and the services value of equids was USD 1,198 (825–1,516) million, which is 1.2% of Ethiopian 2021 expected GDP. Conclusion The Ethiopian equine population has grown steadily over the last two decades. Equids play a central role in transportation and subsistence agriculture in Ethiopia and contribute significantly to the national economy. This pivotal role is insufficiently recognized in national livestock investments.
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Countryman, Amanda M., Taís C. de Menezes, Dustin L. Pendell, Jonathan Rushton, and Thomas L. Marsh. "Economic effects of livestock disease burden in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2024): e0310268. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310268.
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The burden of animal disease is widespread globally and is especially severe for developing countries dependent on livestock production. Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in Africa and the second-largest human population on the continent. Ethiopia is one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa; however, much of the population still lives in extreme poverty, and most households depend on agriculture. Animal disease negatively affects domestic livestock production and limits growth potential across the domestic agricultural supply chain. This research investigates the economic effects of livestock disease burden in Ethiopia by employing a computable general equilibrium model in tandem with animal health loss estimates from a compartmental livestock population model. Two scenarios for disease burden are simulated to understand the effects of improved animal health on domestic production, prices, trade, gross domestic product (GDP), and economic welfare in Ethiopia. Results show that improved animal health may increase Ethiopian GDP by up to 3.6%, which improves national welfare by approximately $US 2.5 billion. This research illustrates the economic effects of improved livestock health, which is critical for Ethiopian households and the national economy.
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Otinov, D. A. "FEATURES OF SECURITIZATION OF THE WATER ISSUE IN ETHIOPIA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF CRITICAL APPROACHES TO SECURITY STUDIES." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 17, no. 4 (2023): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2023-4-68-80.
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This article seeks to explore the problem of water security in Ethiopia, involving the implementation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) project. With its existential significance for the Ethiopian nation attributed to the dam, discovering the mechanisms of constructing threats to water security, as well as possible structural preconditions for a shift from confrontational to compromise politics, are examined. Therefore, an analysis of the Ethiopian discourse on GERD is being carried out in order to identify possible signs of securitisation and / or de-securitisation of the water issue. The research also compares the explanatory power of various approaches within the theory of securitisation for this case. The key finding is the explanation of the phenomenon of water securitisation in Ethiopia as an established political technology for the management of internal processes, in contrast to the traditional approach which posits an intersubjective policy of decisive action.
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Larçon, Jean-Paul, and Corinne Vadcar. "Belt and Road in Ethiopia and China’s African Ambition." China and the World 04, no. 02 (May 17, 2021): 2150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729321500073.
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China–Ethiopia economic cooperation in the period of 2000–2020 is marked by the convergence between the industrial policy of Ethiopia, the orientations of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and the infrastructure development strategy which is the cornerstone of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China, the largest foreign investor in Ethiopia during this period, has had a major role in terms of investment and financing in the energy sector and the transportation infrastructure: Addis Ababa Airport, roads, railway, seaport terminal, and gas pipeline. The flagship project — the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway — connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti City and Djibouti’s Doraleh Container Terminal, inaugurated in 2018, provided landlocked Ethiopia with a good connection between the hinterland and the seaport: the economic corridor accounts for more than 95% of Ethiopia’s foreign trade. The development of Ethiopian Industrial Parks on the model of Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) was the second pillar of the strategy of development of an export-oriented manufacturing sector. Chinese companies operating in Ethiopian Industrial Parks in the textile and leather industries have been pioneering this activity contributing to Ethiopia’s participation in the Global Value Chains (GVCs). Ethiopian government is also planning the development of agro-industrial parks specialized in added-value agricultural products such as coffee or cut flowers exported to Europe via Addis Ababa Airport and Ethiopian Airlines Cargo. Ethiopia’s main challenges in that direction are the necessity to go up the value chain to further penetrate European markets and, most likely, to identify the products or services which could be integrated into the African markets in the new context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement that entered into force in January 2021.
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Markuš, Petar. "Neki aspekti političkih i ekonomskih odnosa Jugoslavije i Etiopije od 1975. do 1990." Radovi Zavoda za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 54, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 191–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/radovizhp.54.15.
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The Non-Aligned Movement formed the backbone of Yugoslavia’s foreign policy during the Cold War. As one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement, Yugoslavia sought to maintain, as much as possible, a balance within the Movement, which encompassed countries with differing political affiliations and systems, some of which had close relations with the opposing blocs led by the USA or USSR. After the Ethiopian revolution of 1974, which overthrew Emperor Haile Sellasie, the country was led by the Derg, a junta officially known as the Provisional Military Administrative Council, which was in 1977 taken over by a Marxist-ideological current led by Mengistu Haile Meriam, who openly showed sympathy for the Soviet bloc. The Ogaden War between Ethiopia and Somalia in 1977-1978 would prove to be a turning point in Ethiopia’s foreign policy, which moved toward closer political and economic cooperation with the USSR and Cuba. Closer ties to Cuba was a particular concern for Yugoslavia, due to Cuba’s desire to impose itself as the leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and thus turn the balance of political forces within the Movement to its advantage. In this paper we want to explore political and economic relations between Ethiopia and Yugoslavia, including economic relations between the Socialist Republic of Croatia and Ethiopia, from 1975, when a new revolutionary Ethiopian diplomatic delegation came to Yugoslavia to continue Ethiopian-Yugoslavian relations, and ending in 1990, with the disintegration of Yugoslavia and socialist systems in general, when the Yugoslav role in the Non-Aligned Movement slowly eroded. The paper will also present the joint Yugoslav-Ethiopian project Nekemte, which was implemented during the 1980s and aimed at showcasing methods to increase agricultural production in Ethiopia.
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Fenta, Haile Mekonnen, Temesgen Zewotir, and Essey Kebede Muluneh. "Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): e0282463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282463.
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Background There are a number of previous studies that investigated undernutrition and its determinants in Ethiopia. However, the national average in the level of undernutrition conceals large variation across administrative zones of Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution of composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) and identify the influencing factors it’ might be more appropriate Methods We used the zonal-level undernutrition data for the under-five children in Ethiopia from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. Different spatial models were applied to explore the spatial distribution of the CIAF and the covariates. Results The Univariate Moran’s I statistics for CIAF showed spatial heterogeneity of undernutrition in Ethiopian administrative zones. The spatial autocorrelation model (SAC) was the best fit based on the AIC criteria. Results from the SAC model suggested that the CIAF was positively associated with mothers’ illiteracy rate (0.61, pvalue 0.001), lower body mass index (0.92, pvalue = 0.023), and maximum temperature (0.2, pvalue = 0.0231) respectively. However, the CIAF was negatively associated with children without any comorbidity (-0.82, pvalue = 0.023), from families with accessibility of improved drinking water (-0.26, pvalue = 0.012), and minimum temperature (-0.16). Conclusion The CIAF across the administrative zones of Ethiopia is spatially clustered. Improving women’s education, improving drinking water, and improving child breast feeding can reduce the prevalence of undernutrition (CIAF) across Ethiopian administrative zones. Moreover, targeted intervention in the geographical hotspots of CIAF can reduce the burden of CIAF across the administrative zones.
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Tesfay, Dr Abreha. "Analysis on The Origin, Development and Contribution of Ge’ez Numerals to The Modern Mathematics Education in Ethiopia: Status, Challenges and Future Opportunities." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2023): 8049–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v10i11.01.
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From the Ethiopian ancient history, it is believed that among the first peoples to inhabit was the Ge’ez speaking agrarians who settled in the Tigrayan highlands (Northern Ethiopia) around 2000BC. The inland Axum Kingdom was founded by Menilik I, a descendent of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, after the fall of the Da’amat Kingdom. Associated with the letters in the Ethiopian alphabet starting from ancient times, there are the Ge’ez numerals also called Ethiopic numerals. This study, therefore, purely used qualitative data obtained from interviewees and document analysis. The data obtained are narrated and organized. Patterns are identified and categorized. Finally, interpretations and implications of findings are included in the analysis. Findings indicated that there is a need for modification of the Ge’ez numbers by removing the bars above and below the original skeleton of the numbers so that doing mathematics with them becomes easier. Beyond this modification, evidence indicated that the Ge’ez numbers cannot be used for doing mathematical operations without the introduction of Ge’ez zero. Without the Ge’ez zero, it is impossible to deal with place value, decimal, and fractions, as well as with the common operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and higher mathematics in general. Finally, it is the recommendation of this study to work towards awareness creation and consensus building about the common understanding and misunderstanding of Ge’ez numeration system at all levels as well as introducing this numeration system in to the school system.
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Tolesa, Shibeshi, and Barasa Tolesa. "An Examination of Ethiopian Data on the Coffee Value Chain from a Systemic Perspective." International Journal of Business and Economics Research 13, no. 6 (November 12, 2024): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20241306.11.
Full textAbstract:
Ethiopia's principal export crop is coffee. Currently, one of the most profitable exports for nations in East Africa, including Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, is coffee. Ethiopia is recognized as the source and major hub of Arabica coffee varietal. Global coffee production is insignificant, with over 70 nations and approximately 25 million growers producing coffee. Seventeen percent of coffee producers worldwide are from Ethiopia. Ethiopia, which produces 4.46 percent of the world's coffee, is the world's fifth-largest producer, behind only Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia. the biggest and most prolific grower in Africa, making up around 43.15% of the continent. Ethiopian coffee varieties vary greatly in terms of genetic variety. The nation has also captured the attention of the world because of its inherent. More than 60% of the world's coffee is produced by the top three countries—Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia together. Ethiopia is the eighth-largest supplier of coffee to the world market, accounting for 3–3.7 percent. Sixty countries import coffee from Ethiopia. The top 10 countries to import Ethiopian coffee, in terms of value, were Italy, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Belgium, South Korea, China, the United Arab Emirates, and Taiwan. They make up 84% of the whole. Japan moved up from sixth place in 2020–2021 to fourth place in the world for coffee imports in 2021–2022.
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Beyene, Berhanu, Manfred Kudlek, and Olaf Kummer. "Notes on Encoding Ethiopic for LATEX." Aethiopica 3 (September 2, 2013): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.3.1.575.
Full textAbstract:
Encoding Ethiopic for computer application is increasingly important for linguists, librarians, information and communication technologists. This paper focusses on encoding Ethiopic for the LATEX document preparation system, and on the methods and principles of the ethiop package which supports Ethiopie for LATEX. ethiop is a package developed by a research group at the University of Hamburg, that integrates Ethiopic to the TEX/LATEX system.We hope that this package opens up a new venue to scientific and mathematical document processing, using the rich and well developed TEX/LATEX system. Moreover, it could render a better data exchange mechanism by virtue of its platform independence and plain ASCII nature.
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Metekia, Tadesse Simie. "Punishing Core Crimes in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Domestic Practice in Light of and in Comparison, with Sentencing Practices at the unicts and the icc." International Criminal Law Review 19, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 160–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01901007.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1992 and 2010, Ethiopian courts prosecuted over five thousand people for the core crimes of genocide and war crimes perpetrated in Ethiopia since 1974. The vast majority of the defendants were convicted and sentenced to a range of penalties applicable under Ethiopian law. This article examines the manner in which Ethiopian courts have punished core crimes. It analyses the domestic law and practice in light of and in comparison with the sentencing practice in the unicts and the icc. The article also discusses whether Ethiopian law and practice have treated the punishment of core crimes differently than the punishment of domestic crimes.
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Paulos Aemero. "Current Fragmented Film Festival and its Impact on the Process of Building Film Industry in Ethiopia." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.4.59.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed at examining the current film festivals and filmmaking impact on the process of film company building process in Ethiopia. Thus, in this study qualitative research method was employed. Both primary and secondary sources of data were gathered where the primary data was collected through key informant interviews having 19 film maker participants of the film industry, Directors cinematographers including academicians in Ethiopian Universities in the field of film and Theatre Arts. The secondary date was obtained through books, articles and journals. The data was analyzed by using document and thematic analysis techniques. The study found out that limited or independent film festival preparation, frequent coping from western and European film festival ideas, ineffective film production systems, loose producers company unity, lack of government support on the national film festival, an increase in film festival conspiracy, the financial, human and material constraints, acceptability gaps, the issue of departure film making action and disintegration weakened the unity and strength of the Ethiopian film festival as a whole thereby pretention obstacle in the film company building process in Ethiopia. Finally, this study recommended that strong Film company institutions are mandatory to gather crumbled Ethiopian film festivals and strength which will in turn amalgamate film corporation & film company formation process in Ethiopia.
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Warbrick, Colin, and Zeray W. Yihdego. "II. Ethiopia's Military Action Against the Union of Islamic Courts and Others in Somalia: Some Legal Implications." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, no. 3 (July 2007): 666–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei188.
Full textAbstract:
Somalia has been without government since 1991. A transitional government was established in 2004 under the presidency of Abdullahi Yusuf, with the backing of the United Nations, the African Union (AU), the Arab League and the Inter-governmental Agency for Development (IGAD). The Government sat in Baidoa in southern Somalia from June 2005 until December 2006. In June 2006 the Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) took control of much of southern and central Somalia, including the capital, Mogadishu, but not Puntland and Somaliland. They declared and tried to establish an Islamic State. Somalis were told to comply with stringent Islamic rules or face harsh punishment. In the meantime, efforts to achieve national reconciliation were ongoing under the auspices of IGAD, though without much success. It was reported that on 20 July 2006 Ethiopian troops crossed into Somalia. Ethiopia only admitted to having military trainers to help the Somali Government (estimated to be 400 military personnel). On 21 July, the UIC declared a ‘holy war’ against Ethiopia. In September 2006 the Somali interim President survived an assassination attempt in Baidoa. On 25 October 2006 Ethiopia said that it was ‘technically at war’ with the Islamic Courts. After few days the UIC claimed to have ambushed and killed Ethiopian troops near the Ethiopian border.1
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Abbink, Jon. "The Ethiopian Second Republic and the Fragile “Social Contract”." Africa Spectrum 44, no. 2 (August 2009): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203970904400201.
Full textAbstract:
Eighteen years after the change of power and the ushering in of the second Ethiopian republic in 1991, the political process in Ethiopia has, according to most observers, rigidified and largely closed the space for representative democracy. This paper will look at the main organizing political ideas or ideology of the current Ethiopian republic and to the nature of its governance techniques in the face of domestic and international challenges with reference to the debate on “failing” or “fragile” states. The new “social contract” defined after 1991 and codified in the 1994 Constitution is precarious. Dissent and ethno-regional resistance to federal policies are dealt with mainly by coercion and discursive isolation. Oppositional forces voice the need for a rethinking of the organizing ideas and institutions of the second republic in order to enhance political consensus and a shared political arena, but get little response. The paper will sketch an interpretation of governance in Ethiopia, focusing on the dilemma of reconciling local and modernist political practices, and will discuss the status of “republican” ideas, in name important in Ethiopia but mostly absent in practice. Explicit debate of these ideas is usually sidelined – also in academic commentaries – in favour of a focus on the ethno-federal ideology of the Ethiopian state.