Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éthique médical'
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Maillard, Sylvie. "L'éthique appréhendée par le droit médical." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G018.
Full textThis study aims at understanding how the French law system has gradually incorporated the very complex notion of ethics, with a focus on French medical standards and regulations. At first sight, the law views ethics as an organized, supervised, and institutionalized collective reflection, a questioning on the purpose of medical sciences leading to a search for guiding rules prevailing the orientation of our society. Ethics becomes a support for the construction of the legal rule and creates links between the French society, medicine and the legislator. This approach generates what can be called “social” ethics. The judiciary organizes this extra-legal activity, which serves to provide new and fresh ideas, from which the law pulls profits. The rendition of ethics by the law is descriptive, the legislation concerning itself mostly with describing the components of the official institutions concerned with ethics and their implementation. Ethics is distanced, outside the law. Looking further in the texts and court decisions, ethics cannot be restricted to a notion simply external to the law. The law views ethics as the standards to be taken into account at the heart of the legal rule, which must build, order and regulate medical practices, biomedicine and medical research on human beings. Here, the system apprehends ethics in a prescriptive and censorial manner, stating principles that must guide the practice closer to morality. This other aspect demonstrates the supplementary role taken by the law system to regulate medical practices. This entails an ethics of medical research or a “medical” ethics deeply inspired by human consciousness. At this stage in the evolution of the French law system, this understanding of ethics, at the heart of the law, is more subject to variations, if not contradictions
Aillaud, Jean-Daniel. "Les enjeux éthiques de l'offre d'écoute en milieu médical." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10073.
Full textWhen medicine based on a techno-scientific logic is widely practised based upon proofs and facts, this ‘Evidence Based Medicine’ is supported by the scientific principles of quantification, presentation and the universalism of biomedicine. When health is defined by statistics, when human suffering is measured on a simple model of brain function, the postmodern citizen is taken over by a hyper-medicalisation of existence. This thesis seeks to account for a healthcare actuality in geriatric medicine. The obsessive logic of value for money, systematic statistical evaluation and their alliance with the death drive and its consequences in discourse and action, as well as the ethical challenge they pose to the society that they represent require analysis. The sole market value the patient represents in research for return and advantage requires us to examine the issue of the future of subjectivity directly and inevitably to ask questions about the ontology, and anthropology of the living postmodern subject reduced, as a patient to an incarnation of what Hannah Arendt termed ‘work’. Indeed, our contemporary postmodernity, through scientific process rejects purely and simply the fundamental structural lack of each subject, creating a certain artificiality of being. The task then, is to demonstrate that psychoanalysis through its methods and hermeneutics can still respond to contemporary ethical demands. Consequently focusing on listening to the signifiers the patient evokes works to safeguard, in this context, what Michel Foucault termed ‘a re-subjectivation proces’ and offers the opportunity to reintroduce the ‘minimal ethical errance’ currently indispensable in avoiding definitive closure of the ill subject. Finally, we accept the consideration that an alternative subjective discourse remains, even dressed up in errors, and that it does not constitute a ‘negation of truth knowledge’ but an intuitive knowledge created by the ill subject according to their own logic, attesting that these psychoanalytical ethics are clearly anthropological in nature
Jebali, Abderrazak. "La responsabilité médicale : approche juridique & approche éthique : étude comparative." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082508.
Full textDealing with medical responsability, is to ask the law about its mechanisms, its rules and instruments. It is to ask medicine about its logic, tools and therapeutical means and to ask the ethics and the deontology about their principles. It is also to mix the four topics into their dialectics with concrete cases. An important conflict facing medicine and ethics with law, and a big intellectual dilemma has therefore presented itself to this thesis. Added to the traditional conflict of legitimate interests between parties, there is a conflict of concepts, an opposition of paradigms and even an antagonism in the reasoning. Furthermore, the relationship is inevitably difficult between law and medicine. Both are bound to manage the uncertain and the probable. And the jurisprudence has exhausted the elasticity of laws to bring the necessary solutions. This thesis attempts to enlighten these issues through the confrontation of law and ethics in their relationship with medicine
Lizee-Butruille, Céline. "Pour une lecture éthique du principe juridique du consentement au soins." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081841.
Full textLe, Gall Guy. "Le corps médical dans la structure hospitalière : problèmes et perspectives." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082519.
Full textThrough this work we have tried to identify the roots of the malaise among the medical profession in hospital settings. The evolution of knowledge during the 50 last years compared with its progression during the previous centuries partly explains the extent of the generalized disenchantment. The possibilities and costs resulting from progress mandates an ethical reflexion based on the patient and public health as a whole. The doctor-patient relation has changed over the years , patients becoming more and more demanding users of the health care system inevitably creating a judicialization of this relationship. Contrasting with these upheavals the hospital strucuture has kept all its inertia: absence of adaptation of the ordinances of 1958 to the new challenges, maintenance of a hospital architecture centered on departments , segmentation of the powers and countervailing powers with a plethoric bureaucracy. . . Observing this crisis and illustrating it with some concrete examples it appeared logical to us to evoke the great principles which must inspire the future essential reforms. Meritocracy based on results must be introduced into hospitals. Terms like “responsibility” and “duty” will have to influence the new organisational diagrams. The creation of poles of responsibility bringing together several departments instigated by leaders elected by health care personnel on precise objectives, becomes a necessity. In the context of fees based on activity these changes imply, a better evaluation of medical practice, a redefinition of the assignment of each professions because of the transfers of competence inevitably resulting from the demographic problems, a reappraisal of the criteria of professionalism and a continuous search for improvement of competence. If these changes are to be seen in the long term it is also necessary to reconsider the initial training putting emphasis on a philosophy based on fellowship which allows the transmission of experience
Larger, Victor. "Amour et personne, psychologie et éthique de la relation médicale." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_larger_v.pdf.
Full textThe medical relationship seems to have a well-defined aim : healing, i. E body “repair”. Medical science, based on an exclusive positivist materialism, is the doctor's main reference. Even so, doctors and patients are often aware of neglecting an important part of what the real issue of the consultation is. In fact, in this interpersonal encounter, two people are deeply involved and the purely medical aspect is even often a mere pretext. The consultation is the place where the sick person is revealed. It is then necessary to consider the human concept through the history of philosophy based on the modern personalist movement. Having a better comprehension of this notion, relational implications in the medical meeting context can be clarified. It's the friendly involvement the doctor has and nourishes for his patient that binds its ethical attitude to his service , giving a framework to the technical approach
Choutri, Kalil. "Devoir médical et droits de l'Homme : une relation garantie par l'obligation juridique." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21020.
Full textThe achievement of human rights, in the XVIIIth century, allowed in the XXth century the elevation and affirmation of peripheral human rights such as socio-economic rights. The health law is a perfect illustration as a condition to the right of health by putting at national and international levels the necessary ethic rules and the fundamental legal rules guarantying the rights of sick persons in the medical relationship. This thesis follows the idea that the relationship physician/patient is the base of the therapeutic relationship born from its antic reminiscences. The quality of this meeting, between medical person and the sick person, is function of the effective enforcement of rights and obligations set, according to the case, by deontology, ethic, agreement or law. By observing the history of medicine, one notices that the conscience, the moral, the philosophy and the religion have also an important role in the equilibrium of this meeting, even if they gained recognition first as amoral obligation for physicians in the interest of the medical family and later in the interest of the Council of Physicians (Ordre des médecins). This research deals with this issue and details the emergence, the role, the strength and the weaknesses of all theses notions induced from the medical relationship. It contributes also to set the bases of a new definition "the medical duty", which includes the above notions. The medical duty becomes a possible factor of the therapeutic relationship equilibrium (Part I). The relationship physician/patient is observed through medical, technological and scientific progresses, and through the influence of medical power on the therapeutic research. A medical power, occasionally ignoring the medical duty, allows a risk for the human rights in general and for the sick person in particular. This research shows that between the medical duty and the human rights, an equilibrium is needed set by predetermined and constant obligation, the reason alone is not enough. The agreement and the law come to balance this relationship in the interest of all (Part II)
Savatier, Emmanuel. "Les données de la responsabilité médicale à la fin du XXeme siècle." Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33023.
Full textGorincour, Guillaume. "Aspects éthiques de la prise de décision dans l'interruption médicale de grossesse : le point de vue des soignants." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20731.
Full textParizeau, Marie-Hélène. "Le concept éthique de consentement à l'expérimentation humaine : l'exemple de l'essai contrôlé de la ciclosporine dans le diabète insulino-dépendant." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120005.
Full textTicular focus on the clinical trial of cyclosporin in insulin dependant sent). Different forms of consent were defined : namely emotional con
Courapied, Romain. "Le traitement esthétique de l'homosexualité dans les oeuvres décadentes face au système médical et légal : accords et désaccords sur une éthique de la sexualité." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20038/document.
Full textBy the end of the 19th century, medicine overwhelmingly took hold of the homosexual phenomenon, basing itself on new findings related to psychopathology. Not only were characters physically identified thanks to a series of so-called scientific criteria, but they were also analysed through mental mapping. Although the aim of the classification of sexual behaviours was to cure rather than punish, the practices of sexual minorities were still stigmatized. As far as the judiciary system was concerned, French laws were considered to be quite lenient in so far as homosexual relationships had no longer been regarded as offences since the 1810 penal code. Nevertheless, the distorted use of the affront to public decency enabled to control people's behaviours and, by the end of the century, an increase of the trials focusing on cases of indecent exposure could be noticed. Our work, that definitely ascribes itself within the field of Gender Studies and Queer theory, is first and foremost epistemological and seeks to analyze how a body of expertise about homosexuality emerged in the second half of the 19th century, through the medical corpus that turned out to be prevalent in the studies that were conducted then, as well as through both legal and literary texts, although they were quite overlooked then. Our analyses also pertain to the history of representations, as we offer to define the aesthetics of decadence by adding a signifier: homosexuality. Finally, we also plan on scrutinizing texts by relying on three main themes that are meant to emphasize the decadent use of a homotextuality : the symbol of flowers, the figure of the androgyne and the myth of Narcissus
Civil, Marc-Félix. "Analyse existentielle et éthique du consentement aux soins en psychiatrie." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0049/document.
Full textExistential consent refers to a favorable agreement given by Dasein after understanding the meaning and significance of what he is experiencing, his experiences, his preoccupations in the world, his projections in time, his projects. Through this work we have discovered in a practical way that this consent can be done either hot when it is in a crisis situation (under the weight of the disease acutely) or cold when it is not in crisis. We also noticed that an active encounter is necessary for this type of consent. This meeting assumes the possibility of language exchanges between the patient and the healthcare team. In this encounter are important elements of the patient's daily life, all the details of his life which seem to him primordial in rising to his conscience for the moment and for which the disease appears to be a hindrance that the treatment or the care Will lift. And the fact that this encounter is a first condition, this consent comes up against the wall that marks its limits. For how can we find these meanings and meanings in the life of the subject, if he refuses to enter into communication, if he refuses to express himself, if he is very agitated, if he is in a coma? Each of these aspects constitute points that still need to be explored from an existential point of view
Danino, Michel Alain. "Analyse du couple information consentement : l'exemple de la chirurgie plastique." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05DA04.
Full textObtaining a patient's informed consent to treatment is an expected component of clinical interactions. The notion that a person as an autonomous being has a right to decide whether or not to consent to medical treatment from an informed basis has its origins in both law and ethical theory. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the reality of informed consent in the particular field of plastic surgery. We decided to analyse the information and consent process in our daily medical practice. The problem is to know if the doctor and patient relationship can be reduced only to the informed consent. Our results are showing the difficulties of real information. Our conclusion is that informed consent is a utopia, and we pointed out different option in order to get a better relation
Lhermite, Astrid. "Éthique des soins aux personnes âgées : la capacité à consentir et traitement involontaire." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20012/document.
Full textOur research deals with ethical questions in gerontology, especially the capacity to consent and involuntary treatment. Our research is based on the Integration Information Theory of N.H. Anderson (1981). 98 lay people, 21 psychologists, 37 nurses and 14 physicians judged a nursing home resident’s capacity to consent on 50 scenarios combining 3 factors : “type of Decision”, “type of Problem”, “social Support”. 101 lay people, 20 psychologists, 20 nurses and 10 physicians judged the acceptability of involuntary treatment on 48 scenarios combining 4 factors : “type of Disease”, “physician’s Decision”, “Explanations”, and “Cognitive status”. Results don’t show differences between lay people and health professionals in the way they integrate the factors presented. In the first study, the factor “type of Problem” is the most significant, followed by “social Support”. 4 groups of participants distinguish themselves by the way the weigh the factors. In the second study, the factor “Explanations” is the most significant, followed by “physician’s Decision”. 3 groups of participants distinguish themselves. Individual variables like age, gender, educational level or experience have no effect. Assessment of the capacity to consent and acceptability of involuntary are influenced by the factors presented and it appears that there are different positions among the participants
Ducournau, Pascal. "Consentement éclairé et recherche en génétique humaine : essai de socio-éthique." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30130.
Full textThe aim of this study is the implementation of a juridical and ethical norm (the informed consent) in the practice of biomedical research protocols. A procedure is thus used to allow the cooperation of each participant to occur as an informed decision. Different adjustments of actors with this procedure are more particularly investigated. Stemming from qualitative and quantitative data, this study describes these adjustments in the context of a DNA bank constitution for cardio-vascular diseases epidemiology. Contradictory effects of the consent procedure are underlined in the last chapter of this thesis, notably the generated decision format where each participant is separated from the others when he constructs his own opinion and consent. The produced relationship between experts and lay people is then on the opposite side of those that allow the constitution of “hybrid collectives”, where lay people can actively involve themselves in the knowledge and the decision of cooperation
Béranger, Jérôme. "Modèle d'analyse éthique des systèmes d'information en santé appliqué à la Cancérologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5017.
Full textNew information and communication technologies (NICT) are transforming the practice of medicine. Information systems (IS) appear complexes to most of users. What are the data hosted? Who can I transfer them? It is clear that patients as well as health professionals are struggling to locate in these new devices sprawling computerized exchanges. Physicians have to communicate through electronic media with patients? How do they communicate with each other? The health information circulating on the networks are secure? Certainly, development of communication tools is a chance to improve the quality of monitoring and management of patients. However, we still lack a step back and readability. However, this relative electronic opacity presents, at the end, risks to the practice of medicine need to know ahead, starting with the suspicion cast on medical confidentiality is the cornerstone of the special dialogue. On a methodological level, this research defines its object of study, being confined to the "patient circuit" of the cancer sector. Survey work on the needs of health professionals was conducted in health facilities in the Bouches-du-Rhone. He served in the implementation of an ethical model of IS based on the basis of four principles of biomedical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice. The interest of this model is generating scores and ethical charter on initial expectations, the final realization and the means involved in the development of an IS in oncology. This thesis attempts to show that it is possible to reconcile ethics and technology by converting the technical language in the terminology of ethics
Tenenbaum, Annabelle. "Droits des patients et éthique en odontologie : évaluation des représentations des compétences professionnelles lors de la mise en place d'un enseignement." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T049.
Full textThis research follows the introduction of educational reforming in the dental faculty of the University Paris Descartes. Aim: The study looks for assessing the reaction of students after ethics thought and evaluating the influence of a 2 years ethics courses. As an other purpose, the study screens the way to developing a dental ethics education program. Materials and methods: Questionnaire were distributed to second, third and sixth year students and to the teachers thru the intranet school. The questions were used to assess the participants' ability to formulate concepts relating to the Act of March 4, 2002 and the principles of biomedical ethics as Beauchamp and Childress. The use of clinical vignettes offers the possibility to confront the participants to practical situations. Results: 250 students (75%) and 49 teachers (38%) participated. Students at the beginning of their studies are more interested in the human components of the care relationship. Students at the end of their studies and teachers consider their role more through the medical aspect of care. The concepts of autonomy and beneficence lead to confusion. The promotion, which benefited from the teaching of ethics, is distinguished from the other promotions. Conclusion: The implementation of such teaching requires the involvement of teachers and the support of the university and hospital. This education project must be deployed in the future and evolved, in terms of content and form, to best suit the needs of students and the benefit of patients
Batikhy, Nejma. "Étude narrative et éthique de la personne âgée hospitalisée : la chute, l'alitement, et la toilette." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2184/document.
Full textThe initial question came to my mind when I saw a patient fall physically in a hospital ward. This sighting made me wonder about the nurses’ pursuant actions, who over-laden by strict prevention rules, coded medical acts and techniques, put this particular moment on hold. And yet, it seems that this very instant alone summarizes the essence of our existence. Asymmetry here is striking: the nurse standing and the patient lying on de floor. In that case i.e. the fall, care becomes meaningful. This could create a half-parabolic situation in the caregiver-patient relationship. I am going to broach the phenomenon of fall, examine the patient’s and the carer’s life experiences, administrative rules and how these rules impact a ward’s activities. The link between nursing care and physical fall is very concrete here, but it will also serve a springboard for an opening onto another fall. My unfolding is set as follows : Start out from a concrete situation, focus on some aspects e.g. the nurses’ hush after hearing the noise of the fall trying to find out what made that noise; the length of time past, the solitude while lying on the floor, the fear the patient may have, physical efforts on both sides, to get the patient back in bed; the feeling of embarrassment and the shame the fallen ones often have. Eventually, I punctuate this work by evoking both patients’ and nurses’ accounts and testimonies in the subject. The bibliography presented in this paper is about subjects such as hospital, prison (Foucault) when it comes to restraining the patient on the account of security. Furthermore, event (Hannah Arendt and Derrida) in order to examine the key term EVENT in more detail by the quality cells of hospital institutions: “Undesired/Unwanted fall” to refer to a patient’s fall. It is a revealing event insofar as the fall causes the person to lose his/her eminence due to an unveiled truth impeding him/her to stay hidden inside his/herself. Has this eminence been false then ? Or, conversely, could that fall reveal it ?
Tresvaux, du Fraval Frédéric. "Le dispositif d'annonce du cancer : reflet de l'évolution de la place du patient dans le système sanitaire français." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070008.
Full textIn this manuscript we try to solve the following problem: Does the French cancer announcement guideline is a witness of the patient's status evolution in the French health System? Through a historical, epistemological and ethical study of the medical information and the disease announcement concepts, we observe that the cancer announcement guideline actually reflects the changing role of the patient in the French medical System (patient becomes informed-accompanied), the recent direction taken by the system's organization (a power redistribution within the health System) and gives the keys to the systemic recommendations development suited to this emerging System (ethical reforms and epistemological consideration)
Galopier-Legouge, Catherine. "Analyse critique et aspect éthique des décisions de la cour de Cassation du 17. 11. 2000 au 28. 11. 2001 relatives à l'erreur ou à l'abscence de diagnostic prénatal et à ses conséquences indemnitaires." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T046.
Full textThe Supreme Court, through six judgements issued between 17th November, 2000 and the 28th November 2001, has ruled on the loss to the mother and the consequential pain and suffering for which damages should be paid to the parents of the handicapped child in the context of the contractual liability of the doctor in cases of negligence leading to error of prenatal diagnosis. It has allowed the handicapped child, as a third party to a contract, to bring a court action; he can now sue the health professional, invoking his or her liability and demand damages: that resulting from the handicap. It has enforced the application of the law concerning abortion and the choice of the mother. To understand these decisions we need to study the legal act. If they are legal, if methods used seem to highlight the understanding of judges, the ethical approach followed reveals an attainable concept of respect for the individual. However, the possible legal framework assigned to these decisions, extending to a desire to establish governance over the decisions of judges, is questionable
April, Marie-Josée. "Le consentement comme risque partagé : l'exigence éthique dans la problématique du consentement à la recherche expérimentale impliquant des ±sujets¿ humains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24748/24748.pdf.
Full textHirsch, Emmanuel. "Morale, éthique : la figure médicale." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR2020.
Full textModern medical practice observation and analysis versus new ethic issues that produce in post-modern times - and by reactualisating it - the ethical problem and its value. What is the medical ethic custom position in front of the infinities potentialities? how to regulate the actual procedures applied in the biological research and in the practicals consequences fields? exploration of this upcoming order that deeply changes the very involving human conceptions, the human meaning, the human future
Kanoun, Sonia. "Information médicale et médicaments à usage humain : des essais cliniques à la mise sur le marché du médicament à usage à usage humain." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083047.
Full textMedical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors along with the recognition of fundamental principles such as human dignity, respect of the individual or acceptance of some autonomy for subjects – even the most vulnerable – together led to a decline of medical paternalism, which is the direct result of generalized medical information. As a product that is consumed for a particular purpose, medication must be accompanied by extensive information, equally as much during clinical trials as after release on the market. With medication there is a therapeutic goal in which the fundamental principle is "first of all, do not harm". Therefore medication must meet specific guarantees regarding its effectiveness or primacy of benefits over risks. Medication that is more efficient, invasive, and aggressive requires patient consent prior to consumption. In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has been shaken by an impressive number of crises leading to increased questioning of how those products – ostensibly administered for patients' well being – could have such catastrophic repercussions on the health of a few patients. Any information about human life sciences takes a clearly defined position in several respects. For example, the advancement of pharmaceutical development must meet legal requirements, particularly the obligation to publish. It is also imperative that the law distinguishes what information can be made public. Finally, information is inherently ambiguous in advertising. Is it good to know it all?
Farges, Eric. "Dynamique professionnelle et transformations de l’action publique : Reformer l’organisation des soins dans les prisons françaises : les tentatives de spécialisation de la « médecine pénitentiaire » (1970-1994)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20043/document.
Full textArticle 2 of French law No 94-43 of January 18, 1994, which concerns the transfer of the organization of health care in prisons from the Ministry of Justice to the public hospital service, has often been presented as a necessary public health reform considering the state of French prisons. The AIDS epidemic and the voluntary work of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Justice have revealed the need for what has been called a “sanitary revolution”. However, the conditions required for this reform would seem to require a dual approach: both professional and institutional, which this study will underline. Indeed, The French law of January 18, 1994 is also the reform of a profession, and of a sector of action, that is strongly criticized publicly. The reform of organization of health care in prisons underlines the failure of a strategy for a medical specialty, and is viewed by a few observers as an attempt by some practitioners to establish a particular position within the medical sector.Launched in the early sixties by the very first Doctor-inspector for prisons, Georges Fully, the assertion of specific “ health care in prison” was designed to give more legitimacy to the practitioners and therefore to allow them a greater level of autonomy from their employer, the prison administration. The specialization was designed to be an additional resource to help to put an end to the tension that the practitioners working in prison had to face, between their contract status at the Ministry of Justice and their status as general practitioners working in prisons . However, after the violent protests in prisons during the seventies, the organisation of “ health care in prisons” became for the new Doctor-inspector, Solange Troisier, a means of legitimizing the work of a discredited public service. The consecration of a specific medical practice for prisoners was also for her a means of asserting the requirements of the Code of Criminal Procedure over those of the Code of Medical Ethics. Thus the specialization of health care in prison became a means of empowerment not for the Ministry of Justice but for the medical sector.The reform of 1994 marks the failure of this attempt of medical specialization. It results from interactions between a group of practitioners defending the idea of a non-specific medical care and several militant magistrates, coming from the trade union of magistrates, working in the prison administration who were in favour of a opening-out of the penitentiary institution. The French law of January 18, 1994, highlights the accomplishment of this type of strategy and the failure to create a specialized health care in prison, the latter being then attached to a stigmatized and outdated past.The issue of this thesis is consequently to explore the sociogenesis of a reform from the dynamics which guide a professional group, on the one hand, and the evolutions which affect a public sector of action, on the other hand. We will also show that the specialization of medicine can be understood only if it is apprehended differently and subsequently cannot be reduced only to its medical dimension
Wolf, Manuel. "Le consentement dans la pratique médicale en France : aspects philosophiques, juridiques, sociologiques et médicaux." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05N138.
Full textValentin, Claude. "Approches éthiques des fondements de la médecine dans ses rapports à l'enfant : enfance d'une éthique, éthique d'une enfance." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0273.
Full textBasset, Pierre. "Aspects éthiques des situations de refus et arrêt de traitement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS015/document.
Full textAbstract : The objective of this work is to study what brings a sick person to formulate a refusal of treatment, based on a three-pronged approach. One of the patient and his relatives, one of professionals faced with this refusal, and one of a multi-professional ethics reflection group, bringing together representatives of humanities and social sciences, as well as “ordinary citizens”, bringing the outside eye of the city. Looking for the meaning of a refusal consists of analyzing and decoding a willingness of the person that something happens or does not happen, and corresponds to the dialectic of the gift and acceptance of the care. To refuse a treatment doesn’t mean refusing care. Situations of refusal pave the way for reflection about our individual and collective behavior, our doubts, our uncertainties as well as conflicting values. This work explores the complexity of such problems encountered in daily clinical practice, in order to deepen the questioning about the interaction played between the different actors. It also shows how important it is to working methods that promote the ethics of dialogue. Considering the choices faced by those who assume the responsibility for the decision, the question arises of which resources to use to promote ethical reflection, avoiding the arbitrary nature of personal convictions
Sismondini, Evelyne. "L'éthique médicale et le droit : éléments de régulation des pratiques et des recherches médicales." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0028.
Full textCaulfield, Fiona. "Qualitativ research in cardiology." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE005.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis uses qualitative research methods in the field of cardiology to investigate (1) end of life issues and (2) consent issues. In a first study, we investigated the experiences and perceptions of physicians, nurses and nurses’ aides vis-à-vis end-of-life situations in the Cardiology department, with particular focus on heart failure patients. We found that overall, there is a predominantly active and curative attitude in cardiology, particularly among physicians, who are not accustomed to dealing with end-of-life situations and often reluctant to initiate these discussions with patients. Nurses and nurses’ aides have a more comfort-giving role, and as such, are more open to holding end-of-life conversations with patients and families. However, their actions are limited by what the physicians have previously discussed with the patient. Nurses do not address end-of-life questions with the patient if the physician has not already done so. Perspectives to harmonize the approach to end-of-life care in our Department include education of future healthcare providers, interventions to increase knowledge and boost confidence among healthcare providers, and research into the optimal time to initiate palliative care in heart failure patients, and consensual triggers that should prompt referral to specialist palliative care. Finally, training in communication would help to enhance healthcare providers’ skills in dealing with end-of-life issues in cardiology.In the second part of this work, using grounded theory methodology, we sought to investigate the factors that influenced the decision to accept or decline to participate in clinical research in elderly patients. Our results indicate that the individual characteristics of the trial are not the main determinants in the decision. Patients who have other major occupations in their life (e.g. recent bereavement, or a caregiving role for a spouse or relative) do not have sufficient mental and/or physical resources to be able to accept research participation. Among those who have the sufficient mental and/or physical resources, there are patients with high trust in the medical profession, who engage little in their own health and trust the healthcare provider to guide their decision; these patients tend to accept. Conversely, at the other end of the spectrum are patients who engage actively in their own health, read a lot, and ask many questions, and have low trust in the medical profession. These patients tend to refuse to participate in research. Finally, in a separate publication, we also discuss the ethical considerations related to obtaining consent in seriously ill patients
Do, Outeiro Gisèle. "La désignation d'une personne de confiance : applicabilité en médecine d'urgence." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130017.
Full textBardy, Philippe. "L'humain à l'épreuve de la télémédecine : pour une éthique du télésoin sensible à la temporalité et à la santé émotionnelle de la personne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H217.
Full textThis thesis examines primarily the temporalities and the psycho-emotional dimensions of diabetes, chronic renal and heart failures in French patients engaged in home telemonitoring and self-care management practices, also known as telecare. Based on patients experience, the phenomenological approach to home dialysis, heart telemonitoring and insulintherapy proposed in this thesis, brings the values of temporality and affective sensibility, whichare constitutive of the “care subject’s” identity, back to the center of the current ethical debate.Technologically-challenged patients, using computerized devices and other connected objects to collect time-sensitive data about their health, also known as “chrono-technologies”, are not neutral carriers of diagnosable symptoms. Indeed, patients are persons, or personal beings aswell as co-carers, whose know-how must be acknowledged in “time-sensitive” care practices. Such practices, which address patients’ temporalities and psycho-emotional issues, require a relational ethics, inspired by medical ethics and an ethics of care, focusing on vulnerability andemotional health. The aim of this relational ethics is threefold: overseeing telecare good practices, defining the possible conditions for a new therapeutic alliance compliant with patients’own values and preferences and reconciling the technical and human sides of (tele)care
Boggero-Largenton, Carmen. "Les références médicales opposables : droit et éthique." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082026.
Full textJourno, Philippe. "L'assistance médicale à la procréation : science, éthique et droit." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P172.
Full textGilioli, Christian. "Ethique médicale et modernité : la question de la technique." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0133.
Full textAngot, Jean-Baptiste. "Médecine et philosophie : une éthique médicale est-elle possible aujourd'hui ?" Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M082.
Full textMano, Marie-Charlotte. "La relation de soin à l'épreuve des représentations sociales : enjeux éthiques en orthopédie dento-faciale hospitalière." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB192.
Full textA discourse focused on the Other is firmly anchored in medical discourse. But what Other is being spoken about? What identity are we talking about when considering the otherness, recognition and vulnerability of the recipient of care? Whom are we recognising? Here, we will be exploring the relational balance within the patient-carer relationship in the field of dentofacial orthopedics. A structural approach to social representations, using concept maps, will be adopted in order to examine the relationship of the therapeutic partners to the concept of care provision - a symbolic component of the treatment process which is difficult to define explicitly. Introducing the notion of care provision means placing an emphasis on the ethical, technical and political content of the care relationship. The notion of the favourable reception of the patient, a central element of the relationship which is revealed by an analysis of representations based on questionnaires, highlights the role of identity in the contemporary reconfiguration of the care relationship - a hybrid model which combines a modulated form of medical paternalism and comparative emancipation. This original perspective enables us to examine these various value registers, which illustrate and testify to the notion of the individual. This dialectic of sameness and the Other, of the identity and the recognition of the participants, thus gives rise to a debate, simultaneously theoretical, ethical and political, focused on the relational space associated with care
Leplège, Alain. "Epidémiologie et décision médicale : aspects épistémologiques et éthiques." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100081.
Full textThe problem which is at the origin of this work is the following : what is the influence of the mathematisation of medical uncertainty on the doctor-patient relationship ? The frame of analysis is clinical medicine. The thesis stars with the mathematisation of medical uncertainty within the field of epidemiology. I then examine the impact of this new knowledge on medical practice, especially from the perspective of medical ethics ; and i try to figure out how such a modification is possible. When one try to understand how the practitioner can make use of epidemiologic data, two problems arise. The first one originates in the discrepancy that exists between the object of clinical medicine (the individual patient) and that of epidemiology (groups of patients). The second problem is related to the frequent lack of meaningful information and the correlative necessity for the physician to guess subjectively what are the olds that apply to his / her patient. These two problems find an elegant solution within the bayesian framework (bayesian or utility decision theory). As a normative theory, this theory prescribes that a specific behavior should be adopted. The problem is that, in medicine, every decision has some ethical consequences. My thesis is that the epidemiological interpretation of medical reality implies a reinterpretation of the doctor-patient relationship in terms of…
Aucher, Isabelle. "L'embryon fruit de l'assistance médicale à la procréation : éthique et loi." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M121.
Full textCouture, Vincent. "Les vases communicants : une ethnographie des services reproductifs transfrontaliers au Canada." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11862.
Full textAbstract : Cross-border reproductive care (CBRC) refers to the movement from one jurisdiction to another of persons or reproductive material as part of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. This phenomenon has been observed in many countries, but the Canadian globalized ART system (or "reproscape") remains understudied empirically. This lack of data undermines the normative development in terms of ART. The aim of this dissertation is to describe and understand the Canadian reproscape in order to support ethical and legal reflection. To achieve this goal, we conducted a multi-site clinical ethnography combining (1) literature reviews, (2) participant and non-participant observation in two fertility clinics (Quebec and Ontario), a gamete importation and distribution agency and a dozen scientific congresses, (3) as well as semi-directed interviews with 45 actors of CBRC: users, medical professionals and intermediaries. The data were analyzed by inductive qualitative analysis assisted by NVivo 11 software. Three dimensions emerge from our results. (1) Regarding the legal and clinical contexts of ART, Canada is characterized by a local mosaic of laws and regulations that paradoxically influence CBRC. The altruistic obligation established by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA) plays a predominant role on the reproscape. (2) In terms of the experience of the main actors, the simplicity of CBRC integrated to the clinic, such as the import of semen or oocytes, contrasts with the complexity of journeys abroad for which users often feel constrained. (3) When asked about their ethical perspectives, the actors mentioned four main positions: (a) the respect for their reproductive autonomy, (b) the individual and (c) social risks of CBRC, including the exploitation of egg donors as well as gestational surrogates, and (d) AHRA inconsistencies in its ability to mitigate these risks. Our conclusion is that the Canadian reproscape is characterized, inter alia, by a situation of "reproductive outsourcing." This concept is characterized by an institutional recognition of CBRC combined with a relocation of moral and medical risks outside national borders. The results of our study underline the inextricable local and global nature of ART and how CBRC works as communicating vessels.
Halimi, Aline. "Problèmes d'éthique médicale face au sida." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11170.
Full textJaunait, Alexandre. "Comment pense l'institution médicale ? : une analyse des codes français de déontologie médicale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0013.
Full textLe, Coz Pierre. "Le moment philosophique de la décision médicale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20686.
Full textBenjelloun, Mohamed Amine. ""Don et anonymat : la question des identités"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5032/document.
Full textThrough our practice of child psychiatry and confronted with the lived of families concerned with the question of gametes or organs donation, it seems that numerous aporia related to donation and anonymity experiences have not been considered by medicine. If donation and anonymity have been central to medicine to the point that they have become principles, they have never been subjects of education or profound reflection. Philosophy and literature also bring some possible answers. Donation is a present without the presence, carrying with itself some abandonment, without reason, to someone who doesn't ask for anything, precisely because he would not know that he was given something. Anonymity gives an opportunity to fade away, just to be able to meet the other, closer. This obliteration starts from the very beginning. It aims at any founding trace, in order, paradoxically to allow the subject to approach in wandering and doubt a possible encounter with the unknown and the outside, far from an otherness that be only would be radical.Finally, the issue of organ donation, of gamete donation, of anonymity, forces us to rethink simultaneously the question of relationship and identity. The donor and recipient, meet and are necessarily immersed in the other's time: how to build a sphere for oneself and a sphere for the other, an intersubjectivity which would enable the communication between materials of different origin? How to recognize ego and alter, as ipseities? Concepts of narrative identity, entangled stories allow to pass over the question of anonymity. Anonymity would then protect identity. And better still, would allow for an ethical recognition to happen
Leclercq, Valérie. "Guérir, travailler, désobéir: Une histoire des interactions hospitalières avant l’ère du « patient autonome » (Bruxelles, 1870-1930)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/253764.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Oussi, Christian. "Pouvoirs et médias de masse : éthiques politiques et économiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1007.
Full textThis thesis aims at defining the reciprocal unfluences‘berween mass medias and political and economical powers. The research concentrates on Arabs and Middle East Countries. To start we present 4 authors that have illustrated this in the litterature and 7th art. After that we put our attention to the evolution of different powers and communication tools in past history. Then we put our attention on the different constitutions defining the limit of political powers.But also to the mangement of mass information required in the framework of firms and various institutions showing how the manner things that are presented can influence the public, executives and shareholders. In an experimental part we report interwiews taken from a pannel of journalists. Also we show the frame of an inquiry devoted to business and political people as to their attitufe vs mass medias and power influences that they can have experienced
Michard, Jean-François. "Le territoire du médecin légiste. Éthique & Épistémologie de l’expertise médico-judiciaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T078/document.
Full textThe expert report composed by a forensic pathologist often plays a key role in many criminal trials in order to either free or convict the defendant. By unearthing useful facts for the inquiry, the forensic pathologist has a duty to be neutral, use up-to-date scientific knowledge and data and to search for the truth in underlying events. But is the usual position of axiological neutrality relevant? Can values be evacuated from the expertise? Can the truth be achieved? What is actually science in the field of forensics? Is the forensic pathologist not using other tools to reach a conclusion? To address these issues, this work proposes to investigate the relationship between facts and values in the field of forensic expertise, as well as to examine the way the forensic scientists draw conclusions and in turn how these are stated
Bonneau, Catherine. "Interruption volontaire de grossesse : aspects médicaux, sociologiques, psychologiques et éthiques." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P057.
Full textHuybrechts, Valérie. "Ethique de la recherche appliquée à la chirurgie : Evaluation de la protection des personnes et de l’intégrité scientifique dans la recherche en chirurgie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D016/document.
Full textGire-Houlonne, Daniel. "Ethique et publicité médicale." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11242.
Full textCouapel, Morgane. "Droit, éthique et médecine de substitution." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0052.
Full textMedicine by substitution includes therapeutics based on man’s treatment by elements and products of other people’s body. It concerns organs, tissues and cells transplantations, medically assisted reproduction and cloning. Law is necessary to provide a frame for it, but it is not enough to obtain a complete study of it. A pluridisciplinary approach is essential. The adopted legislation, revised after a five years’ delay, contributes to guarantee the respect of law, security and quality principles as far as using the human body is concerned. This legal and national approach must combine with a supranational approach and an extralegal approach, particularly in the fields of ethics, religion and society. It is possible to handle the human body in other people’s interest. But, it will have to guarantee the respect and the protection of persons, while authorizing the realization of saving therapeutics