Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éthiques du care'
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Pujol, Nicolas. "Spiritualité et cancérologie : enjeux éthiques et épistémologiques d’une intégration." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D015/document.
Full textA new question has arisen in the medical literature recently: must spirituality be included as a specific dimension in the care system? If several scholars arrive at a consensus in favour of this integration, considerable ethical and epistemological worries have to be expressed. This thesis in medical ethics and religious studies critically analyses this phenomenon, more specifically in the context of oncology. Our main concern is to discuss the different arguments given in medical literature justifying the necessity to develop spiritual care. In doing so, we discovered that the patients’ point of view is never taken into account, posing the question: for which reasons patients with advanced cancer would (or would not) expect spiritual care from the hospital? In response, we interviewed 20 patients undergoing treatment in a French hospital, using a semi directive methodology. Results show that patients do not expect spiritual care from the hospital but wish to be recognised as human beings and not only as “patients”. Data invites us to consider the integration of spirituality in the hospital through an ethic of recognition as opposed to an ethic of care
Bitassa, Waguena Urbain. "Le sida au Togo : enjeux éthiques et théologiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAK015.
Full textHIV/AIDS is still a serious challenge for humanity as evinced by the commitment of Governments and International Organizations. The fight against it conjures many actors, given the specific challenges it poses and the different spheres of intervention it requires. This study explores the ambivalent interweaving of interests and conflicts among the different protagonists. What about the sick in all these? The sociological study carried out in Togo proved to be an indispensable source of reflection on the subject. Beyond strategies of prevention and care, this study proposes forming multifaceted - therapeutic and institutional - alliances as a new way forward. For the highest level of efficiency on the part of actors, the author proposes: initiating centers of dialogue and undertaking a true reflection on the knotty ethical and theological issues in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Inadequacies in the present system of care warrants a new holistic vision of the human person in line with all fundamental human needs
Tosello, Barthélémy. "Les soins palliatifs en médecine périnatale : perceptions et enjeux éthiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5039.
Full textSevere or congenital morphologic anomalies are one of the main causes of infantile morbidity and mortality. Some of these antenatally diagnosed pathologies are difficult to get compatible with postnatal survival. In this context, some women choose to continue with pregnancy. Subsequently, perinatal palliative care seems to be a constructive answer to offer in such situations. It constitutes, at international level, a new clinical practice where decision dilemmas exist (prognostic uncertainty, prolonged survival, and attachment to the infant). It might be necessary to identify the factors that can affect the way of dealing with these ethical tensions. Without any national data, our work explores the perceptions and professional practices susceptible to influence parental request for continuing with pregnancy, despite the uncertainty corresponding to the postnatal condition of a newborn with lethal pathology. This thinking aims to question and debate the normativity that is to be effective especially in medical termination of pregnancy, confronting the dilemmas and divergences that affect decision taking and professional practice in neonatal palliative care.Our research revolves around three perspectives: Firstly, and at a local level, qualitative study of expertise perceptions of perinatality regarding lethal fetal pathologies and perinatal care: representations, opinions and professional practices; secondly,and at a national level, investigation of initiatives taken in perinatal care based on perceptions and professional practices; thirdly,ethical approach to the medical care as inspired by these lethal fetal pathologies and professional practices in perinatal medicine
Mano, Marie-Charlotte. "La relation de soin à l'épreuve des représentations sociales : enjeux éthiques en orthopédie dento-faciale hospitalière." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB192.
Full textA discourse focused on the Other is firmly anchored in medical discourse. But what Other is being spoken about? What identity are we talking about when considering the otherness, recognition and vulnerability of the recipient of care? Whom are we recognising? Here, we will be exploring the relational balance within the patient-carer relationship in the field of dentofacial orthopedics. A structural approach to social representations, using concept maps, will be adopted in order to examine the relationship of the therapeutic partners to the concept of care provision - a symbolic component of the treatment process which is difficult to define explicitly. Introducing the notion of care provision means placing an emphasis on the ethical, technical and political content of the care relationship. The notion of the favourable reception of the patient, a central element of the relationship which is revealed by an analysis of representations based on questionnaires, highlights the role of identity in the contemporary reconfiguration of the care relationship - a hybrid model which combines a modulated form of medical paternalism and comparative emancipation. This original perspective enables us to examine these various value registers, which illustrate and testify to the notion of the individual. This dialectic of sameness and the Other, of the identity and the recognition of the participants, thus gives rise to a debate, simultaneously theoretical, ethical and political, focused on the relational space associated with care
Saint-Lary, Olivier. "Paiement à la performance et soins primaires : étude des tensions éthiques liées à son introduction." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D021/document.
Full textPay for performance (P4P) applied to outpatient care has emerged in the 2000s and has experienced strong growth over the past decade. It was introduced in France under optional form through the Improvement of Individual Contracts Practice (CAPI) in 2009 and was generalized in 2012 with the Compensation on Public Health Objectives (ROSP). Its principle is to allocate additional compensation to doctors in exchange for a better quality of their practice, the latter being measured from a set of indicators. The principles of justice and beneficence that could be strengthened in this context seem in tension with the principle of autonomy. P4P can be regarded as an additional tool to standardize medical practices while reinforcing the exclusion of any singularity. We first asked general practitioners on the notion of medical standard. They appeared to live with the concept without expressing the need to clarify it. They felt that a strict standardization of their practice was impossible. The ethical considerations have structured their statements. We then analyzed the nature of the obstacles to the signature of CAPI from a panel of over 1,000 general practitioners. We identified two profiles of doctors: those feeling ethical risks as generally low and agreeing to sign (31.7%) and those perceiving them strong, refusing to sign (68.3%). The lack of patient information concerning the adherence of their doctor to a P4P contract was the main risk perceived by the non-signatories. Then, we investigated the impact of P4P on a variable associated with the quality of care: the consultation length. Our main result was that the CAPI has not had a significant impact on the consultation length. Finally, we interviewed patients directly. Their opinion was very divided, some thought the allocation of a bonus could improve certain practices such as prevention and screening, others being fundamentally hostile to this principle they considered going against the values care
Tudrej, Benoit. "Enjeux éthiques à la formation des étudiants et des professionnels dans le cadre d'une prise en charge préventive des effets morbides du vieillisement." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB198/document.
Full textIntroduction Although it is recalled in the 2004 public health law, taking care of health determinants linked to ageing is inadequately taken into account in the primary care procedure by general practionners (GP) Objectives To understand the reasons and reveal the ethical tensions linked to this. How can we take care of this better? Methodology Phase 1: semi-directive interviews with GPs. Phase 2: analysis of hospital reports. Phase 3: Analysis of a hospital-GP coordination method. Results GPs acknowledge doing mainly cardiovascular prevention. For the other determinants, they are favourable to an area of competence transfer, but they want to remain central in the preventive action. Hospital wards do not deal much with ageing prevention and only deal with what is linked to their speciality. There are many reasons for this of which funding and a medical approach per pathology. Conclusion Integrated medecine should enable to take care of these determinants. The care organisation model will have to change with a better hopital -GP coordination
Garbacz, Laure. "Les problèmes éthiques et juridiques de la prise en charge du patient face à l'émergence de nouvelles pratiques médicales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D014/document.
Full textIn the health care system two complementary models of patient management exist: On the one hand, the biomedical model applies the analytic methodology of exact sciences. Schematically, "being sick" is simplified as having a disease, i.e. having a "morbid entity" within the body that the health professional will need to identify. This model, typically taught in medical schools, is limited by the fact that it does not take in consideration the patient globally, but rather focuses on the organ, which is considered as an object. On the other hand, the biopsychosocial approach takes into account the relationships between biological, psychological and social aspects of the disease. According to this model, the clinical evolution of the patient is not solely determined by the biological factors, but also by the forms of collective life and co-constitutive psychosocial life events of the subject, as well as by the structures and values that characterize the community. In recent years, patients have been claiming that a change in the biomedical logic of patient management is needed and wish to be a central concern by adopting a biopsychosocial logic. However, the scientific advances of the so-called "modern" medicine have allowed the emergence of new practices that may change and significantly affect the current management of patients. Indeed, even if the therapeutic patient education (TPE) meets the concerns of supporting the psychosocial aspect and the psychological reality of the patient, telemedicine, in contrast, tends to dehumanize the caregiver / patient relationship. Both have become priorities of the public health system, although not without raising numerous questions, which could be insufficiently taken into account by the actors responsible for their implementation. The main objective of the research is to identify the various ethical and legal challenges brought by these new forms of patient management
Cano, Gavaudan Nicole. "La démarche éthique dans les pratiques psychiatriques institutionnelles : de l'implicite à l'explicite." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20711.
Full textThis work tries to identify the issues encountered in the practice of psychiatry, and to propose reference points likely to clarify thinking from an ethical perspective. We initially examined institutional psycho-therapy, an open and humanistic movement of hospitals, and deliberated the topic in light of ethical medical concepts ; in return, we hoped to interpret ethical principles in the field of psychiatry. This approach placed the accent on the experience inherent in the illness, inter-subjectivity and the institutional context. Secondly, a study conducted via semi-directed discussions among 12 hospital psychiatrists revealed that collective practices are not oriented towards the accountability of patients. The third part dealt with two surveys of hospitalized people. A qualitative study explored the perception of seclusion by 30 patients : they predominantly show negative affects and an experience of being deprived of information. Then, a questionnaire survey showed the opinion of 169 patients on the procedure and effects of a hospital stay ; their rating was over-whelmingly favourable. The confrontation of opinions by psychiatrists and hospitalized patients, compared with the three fundamental principles, revealed the primacy of a benevolent dimension, to the exclusion at times of autonomy and non-maleficence. The ethical dimension of care must continue to be queried and re-asserted unceasingly. To this end, we will continue to discuss and interrogate the pertinence of a questioning tool of practices that would validate the patient’s viewpoints
Geschwind, Herbert. "Éthique des soins palliatifs." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040162.
Full textA coat is modestly covering the unwell body of a severely diseased patient who is aware that he/she is shortly going to die. To make it softer palliative care is prone to act as a substitute for curative medicine that is no longer effective in recovering the patient from the disease. In order to endow specificity, palliative care is evolving in the framework of curative care that is thought to result in more discomfort, harm and pain as far as both sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic tools are concerned. Women are thought to be more deeply adjusted for care giving that is likely to soothe pain and absorb the emotional, spiritual and anxiety shock that is getting ahead of death. Lay people, caregivers and philosophers as well as people concerned with religion do think that doing so would be able to convert death tragedy into a more serene episode that the previous one without any help issued from conditions that used to leave dying patients living in loneliness
Frache, Sandra. "La pratique éthique des soins palliatifs pédiatriques en équipe ressource : le care de second ordre." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE003/document.
Full textFollowing the French national strategy to develop palliative care promulgated in 2010, several regional pediatric palliative care teams have been implemented nationwide. Our work will present a fundamental ethical concept, which we call “second order care”.The primary mission of these teams is to integrate a palliative approach in all areas of health care, and they are especially dedicated to assisting health care professionals. For “second order care teams”, this entails advising and supporting “first order care teams” who directly provide for patients in palliative care. However, the daily practice of these second order care teams reveals underlying ethical tensions between the principle of justice which created these teams initially (palliative care must be available to all patients in need of such care) and the ethics of care (importance placed upon the singularity of each situation). In order to resolve these ethical tensions, we used a qualitative methodology known as “participant objectivation”.Second order care implies an ethical practice combining one’s disposition, outlook and activities, which are acquired by voluntary thought movements. The ethical aim of second order carers, with the help of inductive empathy, must be to assist first order carers in being autonomous in identifying and managing their own needs. Using clinical narratives, the second order team must adapt and harmonize the different temporalities in play: that of the patient, of their family and of the first order care team. Ultimately, second order care implies a major paradigm shift: to consider our inter-dependence in place of an illusionary autonomy. The concept of second order care, which can be extrapolated to other teams with identical missions, is a necessary contribution when considering the modernization of our health care system
Zarzavadjian, Le Bian Alban. "Approches éthiques des prises de décision limites en chirurgie, dans le cadre de l'innovation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05D002/document.
Full textAims: Innovation in Surgery differs from Innovation in Medicine. We aimed to describe Ethics of Responsibility and its necessary tools in innovative process in surgery from surgeons’ standpoint. Material and Methods: Innovation in surgery is a common decision-making process except the lack of past history. Organ transplant is an ideal representation of innovation in surgery. Heart, Liver and Face transplants allow to explore all the fields in innovation in surgery. Based on this postulate, extrinsic (history, laws, society) and intrinsic factors (pure medical decision) of the decision-making process were analyzed. Considering extrinsic factors, a literature review has been performed. Considering intrinsic factors, several models of medical decision-making process were evaluated and one was chosen: the Forces Interaction Model. Using interviews with renowned transplant surgeons, extracted components of the decision were exploited. Results: History of the Surgery showed a clear dichotomy with Medicine. Laws regulating Innovation seemed to be secondary to the borderline (and innovative) practice. Seven interviews of professors and transplant surgeons were reported. Analysis showed the Forces Interaction Model as relevant in order to perform the study. Surgeons instinctively defined two different types of innovation: the innovation-breach and the innovation-development. Differently from oncological practice, innovation in surgery is a pure collective activity, based on the consensus, the scientific literature and sometime on non-rational beliefs. The successful innovative surgeon must present some traits, including resilience and integrity. Ethics of Responsibility requires assessing regulation and methodology in the field of innovation. Finally, innovation is seen differently depending on the generation of surgeons and is slowed down by French Laws. Discussion et Conclusions: The definitive facet of the Innovation in Surgery is ethically problematic, still, Innovation is essential. Thus, it needs to be improved and facilitated. On the one hand, the evaluation tool in Surgery, the Evidence-Based Surgery, must be viewed as an independent instrument considering differences with Medicine. On the other hand, an exemption from provisions of current law in innovation in Medicine seems necessary, aiming innovative steps prior standardization of a surgical procedure. Integration of Clinical Nurse Specialists should allow to strengthen Individual Ethics while Laws reinforce Public Health Ethics. The use of morbidity and mortality meeting in innovation, led by the University and opened to all disciplines, including Social and Human Sciences, dictates a retrospective auto-regulated evaluation of the innovation. This process, while maintaining high scientific standard, enables to introduce Social and Human Sciences in the innovative process
Fischer, Flora. "Les normativités des technologies numériques : approche d’une éthique « by design »." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2583.
Full textIn this research, we propose to clarify the particularity of digital ethics through two concepts: ethics by design and the normativity of digital technologies. Indeed, we propose to examine the emergence and the conceptual scope of the expression "ethics by design" in the digital context, at the crossroads of several disciplinary fields. This genealogical analysis will allow us to propose a typology of ethics by design according to its theoretical connections: between an anthropocentric ethics of intention; an object-centered ethics by design; and an ethics of mediation, centered on the subject-object relationship. As for the concept of "normativity", it seems relevant to understand the limits of "by design" as what is done and decided "by design", and to avoid any techno-ethical determinism. Among other meanings, normativity means the immanence of a power. Normativity is a fertile concept for thinking about the tension, resulting from technical mediations, between the normative being of digital technologies on the one hand, and their normative duty to be on the other. How does ethics revolve around this normativity of digital technologies? In trying to grasp the mechanisms by which this normative power is expressed or invented, we will underline the necessary dialectic between, on the one hand, a current and descriptive ethics and, on the other hand, a virtual and capability ethics. The latter will open the way to a reflection on the contribution of care ethics to the digital world through "digital concern", "digital care" and "digital encapacitation"
Boldrini, Miranda. "Éthique, imagination et réalité chez Iris Murdoch." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0039.
Full textThe thesis focuses on Iris Murdoch's (1919-1999) moral thought. The research aims to show Murdoch's heterogenic and innovator role within contemporary moral philosophy, in particular in the analytic tradition. Murdoch's philosophical perspective is analyzed in three axes : the relationship between ethics and language ; moral psychology ; the relationship between philosophical method and normativity. The thesis shows Murdoch's contribution to some central debates of contemporary philosophical ethics, notably : the critic of the dichotomy between fact and value ; moral perfectionism ; and the critic of "scientism" and the kind of non-scientific naturalism Murdoch conceive for ethics. Through this analysis, both theoretical and historical, the research argues that Murdoch played a crucial role in the constitution of an alternative line of analytic moral philosophy : a "philosophy of the ordinary" inheriting from Wittgenstein, which consider philosophical reflection as conceptual elucidation interested in ordinary moral life. In this perspective, the thesis explores the relationship between Murdoch's moral thought and contemporary ethics of care along with feminist approaches interested in moral epistemology, in order to show that what Murdoch offers for ethics is a "different moral epistemology"
Baumann, Sophie. "Enjeux éthiques posés par le diagnostic anténatal dans le cadre des maladies génétiques à révélation tardive." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC429/document.
Full textThis research carries out with the aim of evaluating the ethical challenges faced by the use of antenatal diagnosis in late-onset genetic diseases.In a first study, we analysed the decisions of Multidisciplinary Centres for Prenatal Diagnosis (MCPD) and, through real and specific situations, we identified the elements for discussion and more particularly the ones that could influence the decision-making process. Then, we conducted two questionnaire surveys that allowed to: 1) Explore the viewpoints of people directly affected by this type of pathology (responsible gene carriers - ill or asymptomatic individuals -, partners and/or parents of gene carriers); 2) Examinate the opinions of professionals, working in association with a CPDPN and who are decision-makers of the acceptability or not for an antenatal diagnosis request in this context.This work has therefore brought out questions on ethics, and views on the potential legal and social developments in this area
Batikhy, Nejma. "Étude narrative et éthique de la personne âgée hospitalisée : la chute, l'alitement, et la toilette." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2184/document.
Full textThe initial question came to my mind when I saw a patient fall physically in a hospital ward. This sighting made me wonder about the nurses’ pursuant actions, who over-laden by strict prevention rules, coded medical acts and techniques, put this particular moment on hold. And yet, it seems that this very instant alone summarizes the essence of our existence. Asymmetry here is striking: the nurse standing and the patient lying on de floor. In that case i.e. the fall, care becomes meaningful. This could create a half-parabolic situation in the caregiver-patient relationship. I am going to broach the phenomenon of fall, examine the patient’s and the carer’s life experiences, administrative rules and how these rules impact a ward’s activities. The link between nursing care and physical fall is very concrete here, but it will also serve a springboard for an opening onto another fall. My unfolding is set as follows : Start out from a concrete situation, focus on some aspects e.g. the nurses’ hush after hearing the noise of the fall trying to find out what made that noise; the length of time past, the solitude while lying on the floor, the fear the patient may have, physical efforts on both sides, to get the patient back in bed; the feeling of embarrassment and the shame the fallen ones often have. Eventually, I punctuate this work by evoking both patients’ and nurses’ accounts and testimonies in the subject. The bibliography presented in this paper is about subjects such as hospital, prison (Foucault) when it comes to restraining the patient on the account of security. Furthermore, event (Hannah Arendt and Derrida) in order to examine the key term EVENT in more detail by the quality cells of hospital institutions: “Undesired/Unwanted fall” to refer to a patient’s fall. It is a revealing event insofar as the fall causes the person to lose his/her eminence due to an unveiled truth impeding him/her to stay hidden inside his/herself. Has this eminence been false then ? Or, conversely, could that fall reveal it ?
Garrigue, Abgrall Marie. "Présence du jeune enfant : événement philosophique, source de questionnement éthique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00504947.
Full textSantin, Aline. "De l'urgence ou le mouvement de la rencontre." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS055/document.
Full textAlthough a relatively new medical specialty, Emergency Medicine has become an established and indispensable discipline within the French health care system given that its role and play are no longer questionable. However, many contingencies interfere with the practice, modifying or even disturbing healthcare results and impact. Therefore, the role of the emergency medicine physician is evolving based upon expectations of the health care system and individual patients.As it also depends on chance, the individual patient encounter in this context is mostly unpredictable and may be chaotic, and sometimes seems almost impossible to achieve. How can the physician render order out of chaos such that a high quality of care can be delivered despite chaotic work conditions? Is patient encounter a delusion, an unpredictable opportunity, or should it be anticipated as in a working plan, and even, should it be considered the full responsibility for this short-reaction-time medicine? The ethical questioning thus identified, using my experience as an emergency physician to better define the physician’s role in the emergency department has constituted the mainstay of this research project. During our reflection, diverse philosophical, sociological, and fictional sources have allowed us to support and convey our point. Realistic and factual analysis of the main features of in-hospital emergency medicine has proved to be a critical step in order to unveil the impact of this specific environment where the patient encounter takes place. Throughout the dissertation, we attempt to envision the patient’s encounter from another perspective: standing aside the course of care for questioning the caregiver's attitude, which is usually fatalistic in the practice of emergency medicine. Indeed, in emergencies and the emergency room, patient and caregiver intersubjectivity mandate the caregiver to explore his/her mission.This ethical shift facilitates a qualitative analysis of physician-patient interactions to define better the scope of the emergency physician’s role and the variables that define physician resiliency. Within this framework, the dimension of utility becomes a potential carrier of the encounter, like full ethical support. Indeed, would caregiver's utility be supported by his/her mission, his/her actions or by him/herself? Lastly, the irrepressible move toward the patient requires a transcendental approach to fulfill the commitment. Then it appears that beyond the initial contract, which is the promise of the best care, a new commitment arises: first and foremost, seeking out the encounter with the patient. Even and especially in emergencies, this commitment is critical as it permits the healthcare professional to emerge at the very heart of his/her mission
Cernoïa, Jérôme. "Mobiliser le cadre conceptuel de Pierre Bourdieu pour comprendre les intellectuels." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5280.
Full textMiremont, Marie-Claude Gilberte. "La dynamique "éthique du care", nouvel enjeu pour la gouvernance : contribution à l'analyse du concept et de sa pratique à l'hôpital." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU2010/document.
Full textThis PhD deals with the management crisis in the hospital explaining the theoretical framework and current habits of this subject. We do suggest some ways to leave a strict economic orientation and we would like to let more insights to an ethics focus. The main consideration that we have to point out is that the mission of the hospital nowadays is not strictly oriented on health but much more on economic performance. Our research develops new trends in management with a deep focus on the theory of the “CARE”. Following a qualitative methodology, we describe and make understand different ethics mindsets of the boards of hospitals as the starting point of a re definition of management tools for the actual and the future of public system in France. We do integrate in our research many theories (leadership, managerial ethics, corporate social responsibility and care)
Fave, Levert Sophie. "Parcours de soins des patients atteints de maladie rénale chronique : place et éthique des réseaux de santé ?" Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10081/document.
Full textChronic diseases necessarily imply partnership between patients and medical team. The health care system is directed towards secondary prevention and the preservation of quality of life. Chronic kidney disease is a public health priority by its prevalence, diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities, specific care as dialysis or transplantation, economics and impact on patients’ way of life. Guidelines encourage early therapeutic care plan. Renal care networks aim at raising awareness of kidney disease detection, coordinate and promote multidisciplinary follow-up and connections between hospitals and ambulatory care. This work analyses the role of renal care networks in France. A survey on access to care and care plan running supports shows a strong heterogeneity in their organisation and management. While international literature describes the positive effect of such supported care management on evolution of renal function and quality of life, using renal care networks by professionals and patients remains uncertain. The study suggests promoting supporting patients in care management and globalizing practices through training, multidisciplinary approach and pedagogic attitude. Every plan of life has to integrate all morbidities in a same coordinated and evaluated care plan
Fraisse, Wolfgang. "La responsabilité sociale des entreprises : une forme de régulation des relations de travail ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2078.
Full textThe corporate social responsibility (CSR) of major companies, defined as the voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns in both business itself and in the relationships with stakeholders, has become the site of a series of acts and standards of diverse nature and effects. Encouraged to develop social initiatives, firms have experimented with several initiatives to promote the image of social responsibility. However, with any endeavour, these are likely to demand legal assessment, especially as the subjects to which they relate are subject to state regulation. Voluntary acts of CSR can, by their recommandatory, proclamatory or declaratory formulation, refer to hard law and thus constitute an educational or informational basis of the rule of law, offering a framework for monitoring fair and rational conduct. Other standards can also prescribe behaviours and act as a form of control. Moreover, the intensification of the normative force of those voluntary measures involves legal implications, both binding and inspiring CSR development. The national framework helps to shape the initiatives in this area. This legal mesh makes the CSR a space of varying regulation, including self-regulation as a result of unilateral will in light of legal obligations. In this new dynamic, one must not overshadow the legal freedom granted by the law, which, over judgment and analysis facilitates the conception of CSR as a standard of conduct, generating regulation forms and responsibilities within the employment report
Averous, Véronique. "Essai d’Hontologie palliative : éthique, ontologie et politique de la honte en soins palliatifs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2201/document.
Full textPalliative care is in crisis between care and cure. If their emergence appeared as a necessity in the face of the human scandal of abandoning the patient at the end of their life, considered in the same way as death as shameful in the 1970s, their philosophy could not always be sufficient. The discipline, whose volunteerism and usefulness are well established, faces internal and external psycho-social brakes because of their very purpose: the dying person. Could not their sometimes "too great assurance" in their merit, be a denied shame, which reverses in to its opposite? And the difficulty of being recognized as a worthy medicine could not be based on an epistemological conflict between medical science that does not know shame and human sciences that can analyze it. Knowing that this difficulty for palliative care to be recognized would also seem to be exacerbated by a social context where performance and profitability are the foundations of social organization. There is indeed in our neoliberal society a great difficulty to appreciate unconditionally the worth of the damaged body, of dependence, suffering and agony in becoming medical knowledge. Shame more often denotes scandal and opprobrium in every language when it is linked to dignity, modesty and guilt. If it is classically understood as a negative affect from which it will be legitimate to free oneself, it is no longer possible in the confrontation at the end of life. Shame is a phenomenon that is very present in the palliative clinic and yet it cannot be said, to name oneself and even less to accept oneself. Crossing all the layers of the human being (in other words, Dasein in Heideggerian terms), from the most superficial to the deepest, until reaching the unbearable being unveiled in its primary nudity, would it not be the driving force of both polarities of the world ? It is the worst degradation which perhaps allowsan opening to a possible therapeutic ontological experience. The recognition of an ontological shame in the same way as an ontological dignity would make it possible to designate a hontological dignity, an oxymoronic term that makes sense for an authentically fraternal accompaniment. Would a moral dignity allow our society to better elaborate the ever-lasting division between supportive care and a given death, and perhaps make palliative care a worthy discipline working in tandem with techno-sciences
Dubé, Valérie. "Care et féminisme au coeur d'un projet de transformation culturelle : une approche radicale et holistique des enjeux de l'éthique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26518.
Full textThis thesis suggests an integrated vision of ethical and feminist questions that arise when using of the concept of « care ». The theoretical field called « carology », also referred to as the ethics of care, or « relational paradigm » questions the male biais in philosophy and, simultaneously, some basic philosophical distinctions such as reason / emotions or moral impartialism / contextualism, questionning alongside the ethical rationalism postulate. Basically the result of a synthetic approach, the core of this thesis is located in an invitation to consider care not simply as an ethical « device », but more as a world vision (a culture). Regarding debates in the very field of carology, conceptions from its theoretical « second wave » (those highlighting the practical and political value of care) are outlined in order to reposition the concept in its « initial phase ». On feminist issues, the outlined posture is « differentialist » — promotes the different voice in a conception of care as gendered (though radical, neither liberal, nor essentialist), so that female relational culture is presented in its universal potential more than its marginalized status (thus caring doesn’t have to be extracted from the range of feelings and gender). A radical reading also points out the dualist biais of human thought, as well as the primitive or « ontological » character of paradigms that contributes to paralyse carology [andro/ anthropo/ logocentric] — but also in part reformulâtes it. It then highlights the necessity to project the society of care as an « accessible idealism » built both on the promise of a post-patriarchal humanity and the enhancement of concrete, (though imperfect), intelligible and empowering forms of female relational culture — caring as a power rather than an alienation. The whole proposition results in an anthropological synthesis of care issues that aims to duly record relational mechanisms in their diversity (moral, epistemic, cognitive, symbolic, institutional, even metaphysical), and enlarge its reach to the non-human world. Finally, ilt presents the aboriginal traditional thought as a consistant « inspiring model » to progress towards a culturally integrated society of care.
André, Kévin. "Entre insouciance et souci de l'autre - L'éthique du care dans l'enseignement en gestion." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859075.
Full textGintz, Claire-Ange. "Les ambiguïtés de la relation de service dans le champ des soins infirmiers." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB015/document.
Full textThe main topic of this research is to identify the tensions between nurses and patients from a service relation perspective, in French hospital. The concept of service contains several meanings related to interpersonal relations: unselfish donation, contractual exchange, subordinate professional position or caring relationships. The nursing profession has arrived at an important turning point in its history. While its duty and image are very popular and well considered, its actual tasks and clinical analysis as disciplinary knowledge, is still underestimated. The recent reforms in the health care system promote patient autonomy and open information from healthcare practitioners, global effective administration system and costumer satisfaction. Nursing teams are therefore subjected to contradictory injunctions that will be explored in this manuscript: acting in patient’s best interest and following medical instructions and respecting hospital regulations. This fieldwork contributes to a better understanding of nursing care problems on a daily base. This research tends to demonstrate how nursing care has to deal with problems that are similar to those of the medical profession: the importance of patient information and patient consent, clients complaints management, and satisfaction as a new objective in nursing. Nursing care has been traditionally considered as motivated by charity and altruism. As a work and a service, nursing care has to demonstrate its efficiency and its results. This involves ethical questions such as: emotional work considered as a competence or informed consent considered as a target
Perreault, Julie. "Féminisme du care et féminisme autochtone: une approche phénoménologique de la violence en Occident." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26305.
Full textDallaporta, Bruno. "Chronicité et fin de vie en hémodialyse : tension éthique entre exactitude et vérité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS469.
Full textFrom hemodialysis, we will study certain problems more generally related to chronic disease but also to the end of life bring out the tension between three dualities: the accuracy and the truth, déontological and teleological ethics, and the logics of equivalence and superabundance. In chronic illness, we will be interested in cases where there is a contradiction between the medical duty of the physician and the will of the sick person. We will show that these refusals of care in dialysis are underpinned by a tension between the technical accuracy of the proposed treatments and the ethical and existential truth of the person. In the end of life, we will ask ourselves the question of when unreasonable obstinacy begins, how to define its limit, and how to limit or stop dialysis while being sure not to perform a homicide? We will also show that norms, standards, indicators and protocols proliferate to participate in a standardization of increasingly hegemonic practices, where several drivers are at work, such as neoliberal rationality and risk management. This leads to a disenchantment of caregivers. One observation emerges: the accuracy, the technique, the déontological ethics folded in the form of protocols and the logic of equivalence become invasive. Conversely, the truth of the subject, ethics, the responsibility of the other vulnerable, the gift of hospitality tend to be precarious. The response to this drift could be the rehabilitation of the singularity of the subject and the creation of a metaphor between technical accuracy and ethical truth. Finally, we will show how, when there is a dilemma linked to a tension between technique and ethics, the setting up of an ethics meeting allowed us to provide the most humane answer possible and to foster the development of a team culture
Porretta, Florence. "Le soin comme éthique : l’épistémologie morale à la recherche d’un nouveau paradigme à l’hôpital." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T031/document.
Full textThe ethics of care has been a major topic of discussion in recent years. Many paradoxical injunctions are heard of in hospitals, for instance the strange insistence on “welfare”, as if a caregiver had to be told notto mistreat a patient. One has however to admit that the reality of caring isn’t exactly the ideal onepictured by the healthcare authorities. The ethical knowledge of caregivers remains pretty poor in spite ofthe numerous theoretical courses and the practice guidelines that they are provided with. Recent lawsdestined to help the physicians in their practice (the most important ones being the Kouchner law on therights of sick people and the quality of the healthcare system and the Leonetti law on the patients’ rightsand end of life) are for instance still quite misunderstood.In order for health care ethics not to remain a pious incantation, one has first of all to clarify the reasonswhy the ethical thinking is still in limbo and find out the origin of resistances to carry out in action themoral values preached by the official ethicians (beneficence, respect for autonomy, respect for dignityand so on). The structural impediments that cause patent disinterest for the most vulnerable persons arehere analyzed from an epistemological and phenomenological point of view based on a threefoldexperience (medical, pedagogical and managerial).A paradigm shift is necessary to get over these impediments. While recognizing fully the importance ofscience and rationality for medicine, one has to account for the complex reality, both objective andsubjective, of health care, including the growing pressure of economic considerations. Obviously, caringisn’t always an innate behavior when it comes to caregivers. Precise actions have thus to be taken in achanging socio-economic context to ensure that the ethics of care is incorporated by every one of them.Therefore, the new paradigm will have to be less theoretical and more practical, it will reevaluatesimplicity and commonness and will hold the act of caring as such to be ethical
Reyre, Aymeric. "L’inquiétude des soignants en addictologie : entre défiance et amour, une dynamique éthique et clinique de la relation de soin." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T010/document.
Full textThe encounter with addicted patients frequently arouses a feeling of disquiet. It renders the practice of care difficult, even in expert settings, and degrades its ethical conditions. The present work explores the experience of professionals from the field of addictions treatment taking account of the diversity of their approaches and practices. It is in line with an epistemology of the complexity and adopts a complémentariste methodology. In this way, sociological, philosophical and psychoanalytical theoretical corpus can be put in discussion in order to comprehend the complexity of the ethical and clinical questions emerging from the care relationship.In a first phase, we conducted a qualitative inquiry of the caregiver’s experience. The study “Éthique et Narrativité dans les Addictions” (EthNaA) provided us with numerous data on sources and effects of disquiet in the care setting, as well as on ways out. A psychodynamical reading of these results led us to a first theory of the care relationship: in the encounter, the caregiver and the patient both withdraw on narcissistic positions which determine how they depict one another and themselves, as well as their ways of establishing mutual bounds; alternatively monsters and heroes, the protagonists grab onto each other and reject each other in a climate of distrust which infiltrates all the areas of the relationship; through the pain of this experience and the consciousness of the ethical consequences for the patient, the caregivers seek resources allowing them to restore a trust by taking care of themselves and looking for support from the “outside”, but they still seem unable to commit themselves in this move.In a second phase, as a professional enrolled in the care of addicted patients, it was necessary that we exhibit our own experience and clinical stories in order to support an ethical stand. Our experience is very similar to the caregiver’s in the study but its report allowed us to underline the intrapsychic integration of the emotional dynamics previously described. It opened the way of a second theory able to support innovative propositions likely to restore the care in its ethical and clinical qualities.The “disquiet relationship” brings a suffering patient in a silent expectation face to face with a caregiver, willing to get involved but vulnerable, in the first place because of the weakening of the function of the third position in the caregiver’s thought as well as in the institutional frame. The care relationship then locks itself in a circularity witch evokes the circle of attitudes described by Jean-Paul Sartre among masochism, hatred, sadism and love. This love, present in the caregiver’s discourses, remains withdrawn into itself and distrustful. We then started again from the caregiver’s ideas, completing them by introducing a care of the self able to restore the subjectivity of the agent through its combination with the reinvestment of the function of the third position in the caregiver’s thought. This new caring stand, through the assertion of the primacy of the third position, shall allow the acknowledgement of the patient as a subject. This “play” between protagonists shall place itself in an ethic simultaneously demanding and tolerant. The “amorous” track opened by the caregivers of the study can then rejoin the ethic of Vladimir Jankélévitch. The care relationship between two restored subjects can then make a fresh start – supported by a new dialectic between care of the self and love of the other, between piercing disquiet and anxious yearning, between distrust and trust – on a sinuous and sometimes chaotic trajectory, but which finally gives to the care the last word
Beuvelet, Olivier. "De la "finestra" à l'"image-fente" . Éthique et esthétique du cadre à partir du "Décalogue" de Krzysztof Kieslowski." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030111/document.
Full textWhat is a frame? What is seeing? What is giving to see? Taking a sequence of Decalogue:VIII as a starting point and after having reminded the importance of the albertinian finestra model as origin of the image in painting, photography and cinema, the thesis explores its handling by Kieślowski in The Decalogue.To begin with, this is done by putting into relation the polyptych project with the Mosaic Decalogue. From there we follow the stake of the second commandment — as a ghost-commandment— to see how it makes up as the root-commandment. Camera Buff is dealt with and studied by means of this commandment being brought into play. Kieślowski’s Artist life is seen in the light of its cinematographic quest of the real inside the picture and of its ethical course. Next, I explore how the frame can be considered as a figure of the Letter. This is when a dialectic of the finestra and of the fessura crops up, where the visual expression of the conflict between the scopic drive and its ethical strain can be observed. I then set about a phenomenology of the image slit inside The Decalogue, taking the pattern ofthe slit to explore the image slit as a visual apparatus and then as a metadiscursive figure.It then becomes a heuristic concept about which I explore the opening structure and then its passage functionality to follow on with the measure of the relation to the origin and finally the primary object dimension.The heuristic concept of image slit may possibly have allowed to underline the unconscious desire of bonding with the origin which the albertinian finestra possesses within itself under the form of the fessura which haunts and distorts it
Bardon, Thibaut. "Penser les outils de gestion comme des morales organisationnelles : Proposition d’un cadre intégratif foucaldien." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090015.
Full textIn this work, we propose to investigate management practices using a foucauldian perspective. To do so, we mobilize the integrative concept of ‘moral’ proposed by Foucault in order to question the discipline and the asceticism that are prescribed to organizational actors, i. E. What we call the prescribed organizational moral, as well as the individual morality of behaviors understood as the discipline and asceticism that organizational actors conduct in practice. The research question of this work can be formulated as follow: “How do organizational morals work?”. We aim to contribute to current foucauldian studies in several ways: First, the concept of ‘moral’ is particularly helpful to understand the complementary between the discipline and the asceticism prescribed to organizational actors. Second, while prescribed asceticisms have already been investigated in details, the asceticisms that organizational actors conduct in practice still need to be explored. Third, and relatedly, our work aims to better understand individuals’ reactions to management practices by considering that the ‘responses’ they produce within the organization context tighly depend on the ways organizational actors ‘see themselves’ and ‘ work on themselves’ in practice
Llabres, Sylvie. "Protection des sujets dans le cadre des essais cliniques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P072.
Full textCorvol, Aline. "Valeurs, attitudes et pratiques des gestionnaires de cas en gérontologie : une éthique professionnelle en construction." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987270.
Full textGonneaud, Justine. "L'androgyne dans la littérature britannique contemporaine : évolution et métamorphoses d'une figure." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30048.
Full textThis study tackles the aesthetics, politics and ethics of androgyny, focusing on five novels of contemporary British writers: Brigid Brophy’s In Transit, Angela Carter’s The Passion of New Eve, Jeanette Winterson’s Written on the Body, Peter Ackroyd’s Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem and Will Self’s Cock and Bull. The first part examines the aestheticdimension of androgyny, a myth of metamorphic value that destabilizes notions of space, time, bodily constraints and gendered identity. The second part analyses the interplay between the grotesque and hybrid dimensions of the hermaphroditic body in reclaiming the monstrous as a means to renegotiate identity in terms of a multiplicity and to redefine the relationship of the individual to Otherness. This finally allows to examine the political and ethical values ofthe hermaphrodite that articulates the non-foundational Levinasian ethics of alterity with the more practical approach to otherness of the ethics of care
Eyland, Isabelle. "Les savoirs professionnels liés au care chez les infirmiers libéraux : construction d'un outil d'analyse des gestes professionnels liés au care dans des situations de soins." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD012/document.
Full textThe term care has become, in recent years, increasingly popular in various fields such as education, sociology or politics. Historically, the notion of caring, care, has always been attached to the nursing function. The first references to the concept date from the 1970s in the USA and have given rise to many works, writings and definitions. This dissertation in Education Sciences focuses on the organisation of professional gestures related to care provided by nurses in private practice in rural areas. The research question is: In real work situations, what professional gestures related to care do the private practice nurses mobilize and what types of professional knowledge are they based on?The objective, through research carried out, is a double challenge. The first step is to identify the professional gestures related to care in order to make them visible and to question their possible added value in care. Secondly, it is proposed to develop a tool for the analysis of care gestures in order to inform the activity of nurses during care and to approach the concerns of professionals in work situations. In a training context, this tool would permit the analysis of care situations and to identify the mobilization of professional gestures related to care
Reversat, Bernard. "La réflexion éthique au service de l'analyse des pratiques professionnelles sur un territoire de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0621/document.
Full textThe meaning of the nursing exercise is based on the notion of “living together” and feeds on an important need for ethical reflection both from students and healthcare professionals. However, the reflection exercise and the development of training in the field of ethics have been scarce in initial training and in the career path of most of professionals in service. The individual reflexive position is not sufficient and must be completed by a collective approach of ethical reflection in which the patient, his/her family or his/her close relations are associated with interdisciplinary dialogue. The “Ethics and Health Professions” committee (as per the A Cordier report in 2003) pointed out a lack of locations and time for the nursing staff, which could allow them to “formalize” their ethical reflection. This thesis suggests identifying the systems to be created in order, for example of the sequences of simulation in health, to accompany nursing players in this questioning approach a priori but also exposit. Questionnaires will be used to enhance and consolidate the main assumption. Another research focus will attempt to objectify changes in the level of relevance of ethical principles involved, according to contexts and through observations conducted during multidisciplinary meetings between health professionals. This approach will attempt to validate another hypothesis. Finally, to answer the initial question, it appears that a Continuous Professional Development program (DPC), designed as a “new area for reflection” seems to be an opportunity that must be seized, to help care providers to clarify situations et build their practice purpose in a collegial manner
Le, Forestier Nadine. "Les Passeurs de mots. Une éthique philosophique du soin : à propos d’une enquête nationale au sein des Centres SLA de France." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T098/document.
Full textThe teaching of Doctor-Patient relationship, in particular in making announcement of the diagnosis, makes progress in the Faculties of Medicine. But in practice, communicating the thruth of a disease with fatal issue remains a distressing time because still badly told. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a motor neuron disease, is the most pejorative diagnosis to make in Neurology. In the controversy surrounding the time of the announcement of the diagnosis, and, by examining the results of 203 ALS Patients’ and their Caregivers’ questionnaires, we compare with the results of 38 ALS Centre Neurologists’ interviews. Through bringing an epistemological, ethical and philosophical analysis into focus, we argue that, in the rational multidisciplinary of the care in a rapid and incurable disease, the evolution of the clearly medical information changes the Doctor-Patient relationship into a moral injunction of presence for the Caregivers and the families. Only through the training of Doctors and a certain conception of Patient information in palliative care can the harmful consequences of such a trend be limited
Passel, Sébastien. "« MOUV », un parcours de marche urbaine pour co-construire le vivre ensemble en ville de Nice." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2023.
Full textThe project “Optimal Walk in the Green City” – called “MOUV” in French – has the aim to offer an innovative methodology responding to a being-together need, taking into account the ideational and material interactions generated by the city. Putting forward a principle of citizen participation which promotes shared knowledge of the territory, MOUV aims to develop a collective project placing actors at the heart of their lived spaces evolution. The purpose of this project is to include the daily mobility (by urban walking practices) as part of a common founder territorial construction, generating well-being for city dwellers, which brings us inevitably to a project made by the social and cognitive mechanisms transcribed in public spaces.Based on tools and methods pooling interdisciplinary skills of the project team, thirteen sessions of focus groups and social help patrols have been conducted with a diversified panel living within the same perimeter, in the city-center of Nice. In this dialectic of social and spatial, through the development of a collective learning from cartographic workshops based on an adaptation of Maslow's theory, people can define and appropriate rules and common values over the needs which spatialize their wellbeing, demonstrating a collective responsibility taken on the public spaces of their territory
Daurat, Véronique. "L'accompagnement et ses institutions : quel souci de l'autre dans le prendre soin ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30067.
Full textThis research work focuses on the people who take care of others every single day, in a hospital. It’s about thinking of and dedicating time to the nursing and hospital staff who are constantly surrounded by diseases and people who suffer from them, who worries about them on an daily basis. What is their relationship to their selves and what kind of support do they get? I will question the way they may express their own pains, but also the role of the executive staff, the management and thus, of the institution in the presupposed encounter between the various people at stake. How relevant is it, from an intellectual and cultural point of view, to extend the philosophical thought of caring to the topic of the ethics of human staff in a hospital. To what extent does the use of the philosophical process of “care” offer a meaningful and coherent perspective to the sector of support in hospital today? It’s a way to make two minds meet and interact as Montaigne phrased it, and also to consider the transposition of the “care” process as described by Joan Tronto in her successive phases.Through this process, I will question how the four phases – Caring about, Taking care of, Care giving, Care receiving – are connected to the moral and ethical notions that go along with them – Attention, Responsibility, Competence, Response – and how they are likely to find their place in the professional supporting relation
Blondet, Vanessa. "Les pratiques sédatives en unités de soins palliatifs, entre travail du care et négociation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/Blondet_Vanessa_2019_ED519.pdf.
Full textWhat are the different type of sedation in palliative care units ? How caregivers, patients and relatives negociate any kind of sedation ? What are uses of Midazolam and its negociation saying about the work in palliative care units in France ? This thesis is based on a qualitative survey, conducted among four palliative care structures. The work is based on direct and undirect observations, tracking Midazolam doses progression for 42 patients, and sixty semi-structured interviews. Materials analysis show eight Midazolam uses and among them, five sedations types. Semi-structured interviews show that palliative care work seek notably end of life (re)socialisation. Yet, there is a contradiction between this goal and the implementation of continuous deep sedation until death. Therefore, caregivers sometimes prefer a more progressive form of sedation
MAGALHÃES, Erika Barreto. "O corpo rebelado: dependência física e autonomia em pessoas com paralisia cerebral." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6640.
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Nas últimas décadas, observa-se um deslocamento dos discursos médicos em direção a uma concepção sócio-construcionista sobre as pessoas com deficiência, o que tem animado os debates a respeito da autonomia e a inserção social desse grupo. No entanto, a dualidade estabelecida por essa nova abordagem entre social-biológico não parece dar conta da complexidade que o processo de autonomia assume na vida desses sujeitos e não se sustenta sob a luz das teorias aportadas pelo pensamento pós-estruturalista. Assim, a partir da crítica ao racionalismo e ao individualismo moderno – levantada pelas reflexões feministas sobre cuidado – a contribuição da fenomenologia e das filosofias da diferença, a presente tese propõe uma análise da relação entre dependência, deficiência e autonomia de modo a considerar os elementos frequentemente descarados nos discursos militantes sobre o tema. O objetivo do trabalho consiste em analisar o processo de subjetivação de adultos com paralisia cerebral e dependência física a partir das estratégias cotidianas de conquista da autonomia. A pesquisa de campo teve duração de 14 meses, ao longo dos quais foi realizada observação participante sobre a vida cotidiana de dois indivíduos adultos com paralisia cerebral e dependência física. Entrevistas semidiretivas foram desenvolvidas com os familiares e os sujeitos com deficiência de modo a reconstituir a trajetória pessoal de cada um deles. Os resultados apontam três elementos que se articulam no fazer-autônomo dos sujeitos sob dependência física: (1) o processo de infantilização – que funciona como uma espécie de força de formatação e reificação da subjetivação desses indivíduos. A autonomia resultaria da dinâmica entre a resistência à infantilização e os efeitos desta na vida dos sujeitos com deficiência. São descritos na tese três pontos que constituem a infantilização: o argumento da vulnerabilidade como explicação para a necessidade de controle e cerceamento, a negação da sexualidade e da desejabilidade do corpo deficiente e a afirmação da razão como meio de ascensão à vida adulta; (2) dependência física e cuidado – trata-se de um elemento problematizador do projeto de autonomia como desvinculação do outro e que não pode ser descartado na compreensão deste fenômeno. O cuidado demandado pelo corpo dependente coloca em xeque o ideal de autonomia como autossuficiência presente na concepção de indivíduo moderno e exige uma análise que leve em consideração os dois polos da relação (cuidador – pessoa sob cuidado); (3) ação automizadora e invenção de si – a autonomia está intrinsecamente relacionada com os processos de subjetivação e, como tal, só pode ser percebida a partir dos movimentos cotidianos de autoprodução na relação com o outro e com o mundo. A ênfase é dada nas estratégias (ações, interações, reações) utilizadas pelos indivíduos com deficiência para resistir à circunscrição da subjetividade e para inventarem a si mesmos de modo original e singular. A hipótese central é de que o desejo (tanto quanto a razão) tem um papel determinante na busca pela autonomia. Tornar-se adulto (logo, autônomo) para as pessoas com deficiência física grave não significa necessariamente assumir a rigidez e a retidão comumente associada a essa fase da vida. Mas guiar-se pelo devir-criança e pelo prazer de experimentar a diferença a partir da multiplicidade que abriga o conceito de deficiência.
Dans les dernières décennies, il y a eu un changement dans le discours médical vers une vision social-constructiviste sur les personnes handicapées, ce qui a animé les débats sur l'autonomie et l'inclusion sociale de ce groupe. Toutefois, la dualité établie par cette nouvelle approche sociale/biologique ne semble pas tenir compte de la complexité du processus de conquête de l´autonomie et elle ne se soutient pas à la lumière des théories post-structuralistes. Ainsi, basée sur la critique du rationalisme et de l'individualisme moderne, soulevée par des réflexions féministes sur le soin et avec la contribution de la phénoménologie et les philosophies de la différence, cette thèse propose une analyse de la relation entre la dépendance, le handicap et l'autonomie. L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser le processus de subjectivation des adultes atteints d´un handicap cérébral moteur et de dépendance physique à partir des stratégies quotidiennes conduisant à l‟autonomie. Le travail de terrain a duré douze mois, au cours desquels l'observation participante a été menée sur la vie quotidienne de deux adultes atteints de handicap cérébral moteur. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été conduits avec des personnes handicapées et leurs parents en vue de reconstituer la trajectoire de vie de chacun des sujets de recherche. Les résultats montrent trois éléments liés à l´action autonomisante: (1) le processus d'infantilisation – qui fonctionne comme une sorte de formatage vigoureux et comme un outil de modélisation de la subjectivité de ces personnes. Alors, l´autonomie est le résultat de la dynamique entre la résistance et les effets de l'infantilisation dans la vie des personnes handicapées. Trois éléments peuvent être mis en lumière dans le processus d'infantilisation: - l'argument de la vulnérabilité comme explication pour le contrôle et la tutelle, le déni de la sexualité et l‟affirmation de la raison comme moyen d‟accession à l'âge adulte ; (2 ) la dépendance physique et les soins - ce qui est un élément qui pose un problème au projet d'autonomie en tant que détachement de l'autre. Le soin demandé par le corps abimé met en cause l'idéal d'autonomie comme auto-suffisance, ce qui exige une analyse qui prend en compte les deux pôles de la relation (soignant - soigné) ; (3) l'action autonomisante est l´invention de soi, l'autonomie est intrinsèquement liée à des processus subjectifs et en tant que telle ne peut être vue que par les mouvements quotidiens d´auto-production qui ont lieu dans les rapports à l'autre et dans le monde culturel. L'accent est mis sur les stratégies (les actions, les interactions, les réactions) utilisées par les personnes handicapées pour résister à la modélisation de leur subjectivité et de s'inventer soi-même de façon originale et unique. L'hypothèse centrale est que le désir (plutôt que la raison) a un rôle central dans la quête d'autonomie. Ainsi, devenir un adulte pour les personnes ayant un handicap physique ne prend pas forcément le chemin de la rigidité fréquemment associé à cette phase de la vie. L‟adulte en devenir est guidé par le plaisir de vivre la différence dans la pluralité que détient la notion de handicap.
Tollis, Claire. "Bien gérer les "espaces de nature", une éthique du faire avec : propositions pour une géographie des Associations hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814246.
Full textCaze, de Montgolfier Sandrine. "Collecte, stockage et utilisation des produits du corps humain dans le cadre des recherches en génétique : état des lieux historique, éthique, et juridique ; analyse des pratiques au sein des biothèques." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N122.
Full textThe biobanks are defined as the place of storing human body parts and human genetic data. Genetic biobanks are springing up all over the place arising ethical principles such as human protection rights, confidentiality and consent validity. We analyze historical, ethical and juridical context. And then we evaluate the practice of constitution, storing and using products human body with questionnaires intended for professionnals, research participants and research ethical committees. The results show that there is a gap between the practice and the legislative and regulatory procedures. In this perspective, our results and propositions transmitted to research professionals, population and legislators must be used to built the rules.
Scotté, Florian. "Description et évolution de l'organisation entre les phases curatives et palliatives autour des soins et de la iatrogénie : Les soins de support en cancérologie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T055.
Full textThe management of a cancer patient requires, to the caregivers, finding the best antineoplastic therapy in combination with support involvement from the diagnosis to the stage after cancer or death. During the course of care, patient and family will be confronted with different teams, different visions and different treatment approaches of their care. The work presented starts threw an analysis of French organizations of supportive care and management of iatrogenic effects due to three main types of symptomatic therapeutics: erythropoietins, bisphosphonates and opioids. Based on this photograph of accompanying cancer care, the development in an institution of an health care will be presented for ambulatory management of day hospital for chemotherapy administration, until full hospitalization in a pilot unit. The link, the differences and complementaries between the teams in curative and palliative phases will be discussed to define the role and importance of the overall look and unifying supportive care in oncology
Pombo, de Barros Carolina. "Keeping head above water : Social presence in the transitions of Brazilian women to motherhood : Comparing experiences in Brazil, France, Portugal and Sweden." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0181/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was characterizing and analysing social presence in the transition(s) of Brazilian women from privileged classes to motherhood, in Brazil, France, Portugal and Sweden, inrecent years. As a final goal, it intended to contribute to de-construct the hegemonic model of ―good motherhood in Brazil, which is established from the experiences of middle-class white Brazilian wom-en. As methodological strategy, it focused on Brazilian mothers‘ experiences of presences, using Computer-Mediated Communication and three methods in parallel: a documentary research on official re-ports of perinatal health and family policies, biographical interviews and recording of daily diaries, articulated through a phenomenological perspective. Therefore, in my fieldwork I searched, in a spiral drift-ing, how certain moral rhetorics associated to gender, class and racial norms are reproduced by privileged mothers in maternal transitions. Beyond of this process of reproducing hegemonic representation of motherhood, I also found generating hesitations and ethical enactment among these women towards marginalized mothers such as racialized, single and poor ones. Finally, this thesis discusses how care ethics raise from daily parental relationships and how improving responsive social presence is quite significant for the promotion of such ethics beyond of feminine care work
Barreto, Magalhães Erika. "O corpo rebelado : dependência física e autonomia em pessoas com paralisia cerebral." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG026.
Full textThe objective of this ethnographic study is to analyze the subjectivation process of adults with cerebral palsy and physical dependence in everyday strategies for gaining autonomy. The results show three elements in the characterization of autonomy for physically dependents individuals:(1) the process of infantilization: which acts as a molder for subjectivity. Autonomy is, thus, the result from the dynamic range between resistance and submission on the effects of infantilization;(2) physical dependence and care: this is a problem-solving element of the project of autonomy. The demanded care puts into question the ideal of autonomy as self-sufficiency and requires an analysis that takes into account the two poles of the relation (caregiver – care recipient), (3) the automizating action and the invention of the self: autonomy is related to subjectivation process and as such can only be captured by means of daily movements of self-production which takes place into intersubjectivity. The emphasis is on strategies (actions, interactions, and reactions) used by individuals with disabilities to resist to the circumscription of the self and to invent an original and unique way of life. The central hypothesis is that the desire (rather than reason) has a central role in the quest for autonomy
Nas últimas décadas, observa-se um deslocamento dos discursos médicos em direção a uma concepção sócio-construcionista sobre as pessoas com deficiência, o que tem animado os debates a respeito da autonomia e a inserção social desse grupo. No entanto, a dualidade estabelecida por essa nova abordagem entre social- biológico não parece dar conta da complexidade que o processo de autonomia assume na vida desses sujeitos e não se sustenta sob a luz das teorias aportadas pelo pensamento pós-estruturalista. Assim, a partir da crítica ao racionalismo e ao individualismo moderno – levantada pelas reflexões feministas sobre cuidado – a contribuição da fenomenologia e das filosofias da diferença, a presente tese propõe uma análise da relação entre dependência, deficiência e autonomia de modo a considerar os elementos frequentemente descarados nos discursos militantes sobre o tema. O objetivo do trabalho consiste em analisar o processo de subjetivação de adultos com paralisia cerebral e dependência física a partir das estratégias cotidianas de conquista da autonomia. A pesquisa de campo teve duração de 14 meses, ao longo dos quais foi realizada observação participante sobre a vida cotidiana de dois indivíduos adultos com paralisia cerebral e dependência física. Entrevistas semidiretivas foram desenvolvidas com os familiares e os sujeitos com deficiência de modo a reconstituir a trajetória pessoal de cada um deles. Os resultados apontam três elementos que se articulam no fazer-autônomo dos sujeitos sob dependência física: (1) o processo de infantilização – que funciona como uma espécie de força de formatação e reificação da subjetivação desses indivíduos. A autonomia resultaria da dinâmica entre a resistência à infantilização e os efeitos desta na vida dos sujeitos com deficiência. São descritos na tese três pontos que constituem a infantilização: o argumento da vulnerabilidade como explicação para a necessidade de controle e cerceamento, a negação da sexualidade e da desejabilidade do corpo deficiente e a afirmação da razão como meio de ascensão à vida adulta; (2) dependência física e cuidado – trata-se de um elemento problematizador do projeto de autonomia como desvinculação do outro e que não pode ser descartado na compreensão deste fenômeno. O cuidado demandado pelo corpo dependente coloca em xeque o ideal de autonomia como autossuficiência presente na concepção de indivíduo moderno e exige uma análise que leve em consideração os dois polos da relação (cuidador – pessoa sob cuidado); (3) ação automizadora e invenção de si – a autonomia está intrinsecamente relacionada com os processos de subjetivação e, como tal, só pode ser percebida a partir dos movimentos cotidianos de autoprodução na relação com o outro e com o mundo. A ênfase é dada nas estratégias (ações, interações, reações) utilizadas pelos indivíduos com deficiência para resistir à circunscrição da subjetividade e para inventarem a si mesmos de modo original e singular. A hipótese central é de que o desejo (tanto quanto a razão) tem um papel determinante na busca pela autonomia. Tornar-se adulto (logo, autônomo) para as pessoas com deficiência física grave não significa necessariamente assumir a rigidez e a retidão comumente associada a essa fase da vida. Mas guiar-se pelo devir-criança e pelo prazer de experimentar a diferença a partir da multiplicidade que abriga o conceito de deficiência
Derbez, Benjamin. "Entre cobaye et partenaires : l’expérience des patients dans l’économie morale de la recherche clinique en cancérologie." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0097.
Full textBased on an ethnographic field work and a socio-historical investigation, this thesis challenge both the image of the "guinea pig" and that of "partner", frequently associated with patients who participate in clinical trials in oncology. Indeed, field data collected between 2008 and 2010 in clinical research services in medical oncology, indicate that, beyond the traditionnal issue of informed consent, patient participation in research relies on the production and the negociated circulation of moral feelings (hope / trust) and specific practices of care, in patients-investigators interactions, which constitute what might be called a "moral economy" of clinical research in oncology. Setting this local moral economy in the overall structure of power relations (economic, political, social) that characterizes the clinical cancer research at national and international level, by the mean of socio-historical research allows us, however, to also understand how the process of ethical normalization of the experimental activity observed in the field is based on a set of governmental techniques - on the professionals side - and subjectification - on the patients side. Centered on the contextualized analysis of daily practices of the actors and their experience, this thesis is thus a critical contribution to ethical reflection on human experimentation
Murat, Geoffroy. "L'éthique dans les organisations militaires : traduction sur le terrain et enseignements pour les sciences de gestion." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE005/document.
Full textThis research questions the idea of military ethics. Our work uses an analytical framework combining three different disciplines: Ethics of care, developed in moral philosophy, Stakeholder theory, from business ethics, New institutionalism theory, from management science. This framework is then applied on two different research fields: the first one deals with the study of battles where ethical stakes were particularly high: the battle of Alger, the Iraqi war, the Srebrenica battle.The second one is qualitative interviews with officers coming back from the battlefield: 10 US officers from the Iraqi conflict and 7 French militaries from Afghanistan. These two research fields are completed by an analysis of initial trainings made in France and in the US for officers. Research results shows military men act upon a feeling of care, particularly strong towards their regimental comrade. This is a true ethics of care, more than virtues or an attachment to great principles that drives soldiers and officers’ action, even if this care to the other needs does not apply to all stakeholders, only to people from the same unit. Lessons of this work can lead to future researches not only for soldiers and officers trainings, but also in values, ethics and corporate culture.The research originality is also in the implementation of ethics of care and stakeholder theory upon military organisations
Couture, Vincent. "Les vases communicants : une ethnographie des services reproductifs transfrontaliers au Canada." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11862.
Full textAbstract : Cross-border reproductive care (CBRC) refers to the movement from one jurisdiction to another of persons or reproductive material as part of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. This phenomenon has been observed in many countries, but the Canadian globalized ART system (or "reproscape") remains understudied empirically. This lack of data undermines the normative development in terms of ART. The aim of this dissertation is to describe and understand the Canadian reproscape in order to support ethical and legal reflection. To achieve this goal, we conducted a multi-site clinical ethnography combining (1) literature reviews, (2) participant and non-participant observation in two fertility clinics (Quebec and Ontario), a gamete importation and distribution agency and a dozen scientific congresses, (3) as well as semi-directed interviews with 45 actors of CBRC: users, medical professionals and intermediaries. The data were analyzed by inductive qualitative analysis assisted by NVivo 11 software. Three dimensions emerge from our results. (1) Regarding the legal and clinical contexts of ART, Canada is characterized by a local mosaic of laws and regulations that paradoxically influence CBRC. The altruistic obligation established by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRA) plays a predominant role on the reproscape. (2) In terms of the experience of the main actors, the simplicity of CBRC integrated to the clinic, such as the import of semen or oocytes, contrasts with the complexity of journeys abroad for which users often feel constrained. (3) When asked about their ethical perspectives, the actors mentioned four main positions: (a) the respect for their reproductive autonomy, (b) the individual and (c) social risks of CBRC, including the exploitation of egg donors as well as gestational surrogates, and (d) AHRA inconsistencies in its ability to mitigate these risks. Our conclusion is that the Canadian reproscape is characterized, inter alia, by a situation of "reproductive outsourcing." This concept is characterized by an institutional recognition of CBRC combined with a relocation of moral and medical risks outside national borders. The results of our study underline the inextricable local and global nature of ART and how CBRC works as communicating vessels.
Cardenas, Diana. "La nutrition en médecine : approche épistémologique, problèmes ethiques et cas cliniques." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1012/document.
Full textMedical advances now allow to feed all sick people by artificial nutrition when they cannot feed themselves. However, malnutrition is still highly prevalent. Is it possible to make nutrition an ethical subject so that it be considered as real medical care? To respond to this, an epistemological approach shows that nutrition is an autonomous science that has its origins in Antiquity. It differs from Clinical Nutrition, a discipline born in the twentieth century and uses artificial nutrition techniques having the status of a drug. Ethically, this poses actual difficulties when artificial nutrition applies to particular clinical situations. Indeed, feeding patients becomes a form of care but also of treatment. This leads us to question the values of care and envision universalizable standards with a true legitimacy in the medical field. In this context, we have identified a double vulnerability of malnourished patients, characterized by the otherness of the malnourished body, but also a vulnerability induced by the lack of diagnosis and training of care givers in nutrition. To meet these issues, it becomes necessary to conceive of just institutions, that by health policy, integrate nutrition as a care and provide medical training adapted to these challenges