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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethnic conflict – Prevention'
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1
Öberg, Magnus, Frida Möller, and Peter Wallensteen. "Early Conflict Prevention in Ethnic Crises, 1990—98." Conflict Management and Peace Science 26, no. 1 (February 2009): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894208097667.
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Kravchenko, N. "Conflict-harmonizing discourse as a tool of international/ethnic conflicts prevention/regulation." Мовні і концептуальні картини світу, Вип. 11, кн. 1 (2004): 230–33.
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Jamin, Mohammad. "SOCIAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION THROUGH EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL WISDOMS." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 9, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v9i1.39430.
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Ethnic, religious, race, and cultural diversity, as well as a large number of populations, are a treasure and strength for the Indonesian people, but on the other hand, it can be potential social conflicts that jeopardize the national integrity. Local wisdom which lived generations by generations and owned by the various local community is a social asset that can be empowered in social conflict resolution. Local wisdom plays an important role, not only preventing social conflict but also providing breakthroughs to resolve conflicts that occurred. Law Number 7 of 2012 concerning Social Conflicts Resolution which reflects the principles of local wisdom, it should be more empower those principles into reality. This empowerment can be done by actualizing the values and institutionalize of local wisdom in social conflict resolution that is implemented at the stages of conflict prevention, termination of the conflict, and restoration of post-conflict.
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Hartoyo, Hartoyo. "Muakhi (Brotherhood) and its practices related to preventing communal conflict in multicultural societies." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 32, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v32i32019.227-239.
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In preventing communal conflict, the role of local wisdom is often considered to be a mechanism to maintain the peacefulness and closeness of inter-ethnic relations. Many researchers also argue that conflict prevention should practiced during both pre- and post-conflict. This study, therefore, aims to explain the role of Muakhi as the local wisdom in Lampung Province for recovering inter-ethnic relations in post-communal (inter-ethnic) conflict based on two empirical cases, namely the Balinuraga conflict in South Lampung and the Pematang Tahalo conflict in East Lampung, Lampung Province. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and documents. A total of 74 informants, consisting of local residents and community leaders from Lampung, Java and Bali ethnics totaling as many as 60 people (each village 15 people). There were also 14 informants who were village, district and regency government officials, including the police department and military personnel. The data was analyzed through a qualitative approach based on the constructivist paradigm. The study found that Muakhi refers to the concept of brotherhood accepted by the immigrants who are both ethnic Balinese and Javanese. Thus, this study suggests that the practice of Muakhi in the post-communal conflict through the strengthening of the moral values and the sociocultural relationship is an effective way of restoring communal conflict. However, this study argues that there is resistance to using Angkon Muakhi in a more detailed ceremony.
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Murasheva, Svetlana V. "THE PROBLEM OF TENSION AND CONFLICT INTER-ETHNIC INTERACTION IN TODAY'S WORLD." Society and Security Insights 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2020)4-03.
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The urgency of the problem of studying the tension and conflict of interethnic interaction in the modern world is caused by the prevalence of negative opinions and stereotypical attitudes in society about persons belonging to ethnic groups different from Russian, the rapidly growing alienation of nations, the injustice of the administrative and territorial hierarchy of peoples, facts of ethnophobia and xenophobia. The ethnic component is becoming key and decisive in the social and political life of our country and causes inter-ethnic tensions and conflicts. At the current stage of development of social relations, there is an urgent need to develop and further introduce a system of prevention and resolution of inter-ethnic conflicts, which would be based on the Concept of State National Policy. Consolidation of society in order to solve national problems should be identified as a priority in the Concept of State National Policy. Due to these circumstances, research into the tensions and conflicts of inter-ethnic interaction has conceptual and practical significance, attracts the close attention of researchers from various fields of scientific knowledge and encourages them to develop and implement effective ways of preventing and settling conflicts of this type.
The aim of the article was to present the results of the study of interethnic tensions and conflicts in the modern world. An important place is given to the impact of interethnic conflicts on the development of social relations. The scientific novelty of the provisions proposed in the article is the study of the peculiarities of interethnic interaction and conflicts. Practical importance lies in the possibility of using the findings of the article to develop programmes for preventing and settling inter-ethnic conflicts.
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Bahta, G. T. "FOLKLORE: AN INSTRUMENT OF CONFLICT PREVENTION, TRANSFORMATION AND RESOLUTION IN THE ETHIOPIAN CONTEXT." Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies 24, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1016-8427/1615.
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The article assesses the role of folklore in the form of verbal, ritual and material objects as a means of customary dispute prevention, transformation and resolution in selected ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Samples of oral narratives in the form of proverbs, myths and legends from the Amhara, Tigray, Oromo and Issa linguistic groups are found to have cohesive functions that reiterate harmony among the respective communities and individuals prior to conflicts; conciliatory and mediatory functions during inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic or personal conflicts; and lastly, compensatory functions after conflicts. The familiarity of the content in the narratives and the beauty of the language of the mediators, usually the elders, transform the state of enmity into the state of tolerance and recompense. The pre-reconciliation, reconciliation and post-reconciliation rituals usually accompanied by animal sacrifice, as well as the venues of the rituals (usually river banks and under trees), create a local colour that foreground a feeling of exoneration, absolution, communalism as well as commitment to discontinue blood feuds. The material objects mostly used during the reconciliation rituals, such as Tabots, crosses and other relics of the Orthodox Church, Kalacha, boku, Chachu, Siniqee and Hanfala of the Oromo have a frightening effect on the people who want to redress damages by force. The widest usage of folkloric elements for conflict prevention, resolution and transformation is found to have a consoling and therapeutic effect on the material and psychological dimensions of conflict. On the other hand, it is suggested that concerned bodies should preserve and make use of such rich folkloric heritage that conform with the constitution of the country and international human right conventions.
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Sunga, Lyal S. "Does Climate Change Worsen Resource Scarcity and Cause Violent Ethnic Conflict?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 21, no. 1 (2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02101001.
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Does climate change create conditions in which ethnic groups, particularly in developing countries, become more likely to struggle for scarce resources which can then spur ethnically motivated violence and serious atrocities? Or is the relation between climate change and atrocities, if there is one, far more complex and perhaps indirect? How should climate change be viewed as a risk factor for the onset of violent ethnic conflict? What practical relevance could climate change effects have on early warning and prevention of serious human rights violations including crimes against humanity and genocide? The author first considers whether climate change science warnings deserve to be taken seriously before reviewing empirical studies focussing on the supposed link between climate change and ethnic conflict. Second, he argues that it is valuable to treat climate change as a possible risk factor for ethnic conflict situations in which crimes against humanity or genocide might be perpetrated, and to reflect upon early warning and prevention in this connection. The author then sets out five considerations that research on the question of a causal link between climate change and ethnic conflict should take into account.
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Korostelina, Karina. "The system of social identities in Tajikistan: Early warning and conflict prevention." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 40, no. 2 (April 27, 2007): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2007.03.001.
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The paper aims to explore the interconnections between social identities (ethnic, national, regional and religious) and conflict intentions in Tajikistan. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of identity-based conflicts, the paper emphasizes the importance of an early warning system that centers on social identity and shows what impact such factors as national identity building, religious identity revival, and regional identity reinforcement have on processes of conflict prevention, resolution, and reconciliation. Through the examination of the components of the model, including such factors as intergroup prejudice, outgroup threat, identity salience, ingroup primacy, forms of social identity, and modes of identity meaning, the author shows the main threats to peaceful co-existence in Tajikistan.
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Leatherman, Janie. "The CSCE's (im)possibilities for preventive diplomacy in the context of ethnic conflict." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 2, no. 1 (1994): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181194x00085.
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AbstractThis article examines the CSCE response to ethnic conflict in the post-Cold War in terms of the High Commissioner on National Minorities' early warning and conflict prevention capabilities in the broader context of the CSCE's potentialities in this area. First, the special challenges of ethnic strife for conflict prevention are examined. Second, the implementation of the CSCE mechanisms and of the High Commissioner mandate is analyzed in terms of the different levels of CSCE involvement as conflict moves from the early warning to the crisis management phase. The role of the High Commissioner in the Baltic States, and the various functions served by the CSCE missions deployed to different conflict and potential conflict zones are highlighted. The conclusions reflect in preliminary fashion on the (im)possibilities of the CSCE approaches for contributing to regional peace and security in the post-Cold War period, and the ways in which CSCE cooperation with other international institutions and non-governmental actors may enhance its capacity to accomplish its objectives.
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Haigh, Richard, Siri Hettige, Maheshika Sakalasuriya, G. Vickneswaran, and Lasantha Namal Weerasena. "A study of housing reconstruction and social cohesion among conflict and tsunami affected communities in Sri Lanka." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 25, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 566–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2016-0070.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the role of housing reconstruction projects in post conflict and post tsunami Sri Lanka, and to discuss their implications on conflict prevention. Design/methodology/approach Using four housing reconstruction projects in Batticaloa, Kilinochchi and Jaffna Districts, Sri Lanka, as case studies, and a novel methodological framework, the study explores the causal relations among the independent variables associated with housing reconstruction and dependent variables related to conflict prevention. The data, gathered from interviews and project reports, were analysed using propositions from a literature review, adopting a thematic analytical approach. Findings This study finds that reconstruction has created new forms of conflicts and tensions for the people who came to live in the newly constructed houses. The hostile relations that existed among different ethnic groups during the conflict were continued, and to some extent, exacerbated by the reconstruction undertaken after the war. Practical implications The study identifies causal relations among the independent variables associated with housing reconstruction and dependent variables related to conflict prevention, which can be used to inform physical reconstruction programmes after conflict. Originality/value The research presents a novel methodological framework. The results reveal concerns in housing and infrastructure development that have implications for future research and practice in post conflict environments.
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Ioratim-Uba, Godwin. "Language, Ethnicity and Conflict: Applying Linguistic Measure to Prevent Ethnic Violence in Middle Belt Nigeria." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 21, no. 4 (October 18, 2014): 557–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02104006.
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This research highlights the efficacy of community-based language planning initiatives in ethnic conflict and violence prevention. As a threshold which elucidates how linguistic measures can help to prevent inter-ethnic violence, the research illustrates that where ethnic safeguarding reaches the extremity of violence, language issues are found to have covert but very strong causal roles as manifested in the ethnic violent conflicts affecting Nigeria’s Middle-Belt including the Berom/Afizere/Anaguta versus Hausa/Fulani; Taroh versus Hausa/Fulani (Plateau State); Tiv versus Etulo (Benue State); Tiv versus Jukun (Benue and Taraba States); and Jukun versus Kuteb (Taraba State). Paired t-test values set at a confidence interval of 95 per cent indicate that the statistical mean differences (1.60 in Tiv/Jukun and 9.60 in the Jos area) are close to the true difference occurrences in the randomly sampled populations. More significant are the two tailed P values of 0.5895 (Tiv/Jukun) showing low bilingualism; and 0.3477 (Jos area) depicting more acute bilingualism decline associated with the ethnic violence. The research then considers the application of linguistic measures vital to prevent ethnic violence. In particular, critiqued aspects of the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scales (EGIDS) are recommended to ethnic communities, voluntary organisations and governments for implementation in dealing with violent conflicts.
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Đevoić, Boženko. "Sri Lanka: Physical Reconstruction and Economic Development as Conflict Prevention Factors." Croatian International Relations Review 19, no. 69 (December 1, 2013): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2014-0003.
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ABSTRACT This article gives an overview of the 26 year long ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and examines physical reconstruction and economic development as measures of conflict prevention and postconflict reconstruction. During the years of conflict, the Sri Lankan government performed some conflict prevention measures, but most of them caused counter effects, such as the attempt to provide “demilitarization”, which actually increased militarization on both sides, and “political power sharing” that was never honestly executed. Efforts in post-conflict physical reconstruction and economic development, especially after 2009, demonstrate their positive capacity as well as their conflict sensitivity. Although the Sri Lankan government initially had to be forced by international donors to include conflict sensitivity in its projects, more recently this has changed. The government now practices more conflict sensitivity in its planning and execution of physical reconstruction and economic development projects without external pressure.
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Kemp, Walter. "Politics and National Minorities: a trade-off between security and justice?" Security and Human Rights 24, no. 3-4 (April 30, 2014): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02404016.
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For twenty years, the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities has worked to prevent inter-ethnic conflict. While there are those that have argued that the High Commissioner has ‘securitized’ minority issues by putting too much emphasis on security rather than justice, the past 20 years of the High Commissioner have shown a track record characterised by conflict prevention and “desecuritization”.
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Carment, David, and Martin Fischer. "R2P and the Role of Regional Organisations in Ethnic Conflict Management, Prevention and Resolution: The Unfinished Agenda." Global Responsibility to Protect 1, no. 3 (2009): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598409x450776.
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AbstractThe Responsibility to Protect (hereafter R2P) agendas have established a fairly high threshold for engagement by third parties in ethnic conflict when seen through the lens of direct intervention by means of force or coercion in order to mitigate overt forms of ethnic conflict such as ethnic cleansing and genocide. The absence of regional organisation activity in this area is understandable given the enormous political and financial costs associated with intervention. Yet the R2P agenda also carries with it a preventive component, and in this regard there is reason to be a little more optimistic. Ten years ago on the advice of the Brahimi Report, investments were made by most regional organisations to strengthen capacity for preventive action. In this article, we return to the question of whether and how regional organisations can or do conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the R2P's preventive component. The article unfolds in four sections. In the first part, we assess the role of regional organisations in implementing the R2P agendas. We begin with an identification of each regional organisation that either implicitly or explicitly references the R2P framework in their mandates, charters and doctrine. These organisations include the OSCE, the AU, the OAS, SAARC, ECOWAS, and ASEAN among others. Second, we provide a comparative framework that specifies the ways in which R2P is reflected in the activities of each regional organisation, with reference to capacity building, charter development, preventive diplomacy, direct engagement, and conflict management. This evaluative framework allows us to determine if there has been any shift in the way in which these organisations conduct themselves with respect to R2P principles. In the third part of the article we assess the Darfur case to illustrate our evaluative framework. The question we ask is: are the actions of the organisations involved in these conflicts consistent with R2P in its preventive as well as its interventionist interpretations? In the fourth and final section we conclude with implications for theory and policy and make some recommendations for future research.
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Gabor, Francis. "Reflections on NATO's New Mission: Conflict Prevention in the Struggles for Ethnic Self-Determination." Review of Central and East European Law 29, no. 2 (2004): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157303504774062439.
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AbstractDuring the Cold War, both NATO's role and purpose were clearly defined by the existence of the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The traditional confrontation between the NATO and the Warsaw Pact military organizations effectively has ceased to exist. The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact—combined with the emerging constitutional democracies in Central and Eastern Europe and the transformation of the Russian Federation—has essentially assured that the future threat of a confrontation between the major armies on the European continent is highly unlikely. However, it soon became obvious that several non-traditional, and quite unexpected, risks would give NATO a new mission and new challenges. One of the greatest challenges for post-Cold War Eastern Europe lies in the unresolved questions of ethnic self-determination. The unprecedented human tragedy of two world wars failed to resolve these questions. The concept of ethnic self-determination has been the central theme of the conflicts in the Yugoslav civil wars. NATO played a significant, if not central, role in the final resolution of the Yugoslav civil wars, particularly in the case of Kosovo. The Kosovo experience creates a real challenge for NATO and international legal scholars to create a more precisely defined body of international law to protect ethnic minorities and to build an effective institutional framework for the observation and implementation of so-called minority rights. which would have prevented the tragedy of the Yugoslavian civil war and can prevent future conflicts.
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Frichova, Magdalena. "Participation of Persons Belonging to National Minorities – Cases of Samtskhe-Javakheti and Gali." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 16, no. 4 (December 20, 2009): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115_016_04-11.
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This article explores inter-ethnic and minority participation issues in conflict prevention and ongoing conflict settings. Its focus is on two cases: Georgia's Armenian-inhabited Samtskhe-Javakheti and the Georgian-inhabited Gali district under Abkhaz control. Conflict prevention and resolution contexts have been deeply intertwined in Georgia. Tbilisi's approach to Armenian and Azeri minorities has been affected by ongoing conflict in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and it has in turn had an impact on Abkhaz and Ossetian perceptions of Georgian conflict resolution policies. Some progress with integration of Azeri and Armenian minorities has been achieved, but much is yet to be accomplished: among others, a genuinely open dialogue and a change in the spirit of majority-minority relations are needed. Gali Georgians are trapped between Tbilisi and Sukhumi in increasingly precarious conditions after the 2008 war. Their community has a great potential for conflict transformation activity; the parties to the conflict and the international community should support them to apply it.
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Naydenko, Vitaly N. "Ethnopolitical Tensions and Assessment of the Possibility of Ethnic-National Conflicts." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 7, no. 3 (2019): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.3.6687.
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The article examines the problems of open and latent ethnonational tension in Russian society, which in the conditions of aggravation of the social situation, may lead to the use of spontaneous methods of solving ethnonational conflicts, including those of a violent nature. A survey of 20 experts, who are qualified specialists in the sphere of ethno-extremism counteraction and ethno-national conflict localization, conducted by the author of the article, has shown that the majority of them have assessed both the current and forecasted situation in the sphere of ethnonational relations as “tense” for the next five to seven years. In their opinion, “ethnonational tension” is conditioned by a number of long-term factors that will influence the content and dynamics of ethnonational conflict in the Russian Federation: the desire of the USA for global dominance and the confrontational policy of NATO member states towards Russia; the antiRussian policy of the Ukrainian leadership, which is attempting to accuse Russia of “unleashing and waging a hybrid war against Ukraine” and actively pushing Western countries to strengthen confrontation with the Russian Federation; attempts by some states to bring territorial claims against Russia; intensification of the fight against embezzlement of budgetary funds, systemic corruption and ethno-extremist manifestations in the North Caucasus region; the ethnopolitical situation in the Republic of Crimea, characterized by manifestations of Ukrainian nationalism and militant Islamism. According to expert estimates, the highest degree of ethnonational tension is currently maintained in the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, the Republic of Crimea, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of research in the article testify to the necessity of constant study of the problem of ethnonational conflicts, research into the factors influencing the maintenance and dynamics of conflict potential, definition of Russian regions with an increased level of tension, development of recommendations to authorities on prevention and localization of ethnonational conflicts.
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De Pourcq, Kobe, Evert Thomas, Marlene Elias, and Patrick Van Damme. "Exploring Park–People Conflicts in Colombia through a Social Lens." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000413.
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SummaryNatural resource-related conflicts between local communities and nation states can be extremely destructive. Worldwide, interest is growing in gaining a better understanding of why and how these conflicts originate, particularly in protected areas inhabited by local communities. The literature on local attitudes towards and perceptions of park conservation and park–people conflicts is quite extensive. Studies have examined the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of attitudes to protected areas. However, the role of such determinants in the experience of park–people conflicts has received considerably less attention. Drawing on 601 interviews with people living in or near 15 Colombian national protected areas (NPAs), we examine the socioeconomic and geographical variables that are most influential in people’s experience of conflict related to restricted access to natural resources. We find that the experience of this type of conflict is largely explained by the NPA where a person resides, pursuit of productive activities within the NPA, previous employment in NPA administration, gender and ethnicity. We recommend implementing socially inclusive conservation strategies for conflict prevention and resolution in Colombia’s NPAs, whereby both women and men from different ethnic groups are engaged in design and implementation.
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Sampaio, Antônio. "Before and after urban warfare: Conflict prevention and transitions in cities." International Review of the Red Cross 98, no. 901 (April 2016): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383117000145.
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AbstractThe rising pressures of urbanization in fragile and conflict-affected countries have increased concerns about the vulnerability of cities to armed threats. Changes in the character of armed conflict during the twenty-first century and its effects on cities in the developing world have exposed gaps in the planning and practice of peace and security, which retain a “nation-State bias” that circumvents local perspectives and agencies. Whereas full-scale use of military power in cities remains as destructive today as it has ever been, international organizations such as the United Nations have called for changed approaches to State tactics in urban areas. Mechanisms designed to prevent conflict or to help countries transition back to peace are particularly key if massive human and economic damages are to be avoided in a world of increasingly dense cities. Another key concern is the vulnerability of developing-world cities to low-intensity, if protracted, forms of violence by non-State actors, particularly in post-conflict contexts. Conflict prevention and peace transitions in cities (including mainstream international tools such as peacekeeping, stability and reconstruction aid) are affected by specifically urban pressures linked to rising populations, migration, ethnic tensions, institutional deterioration and the weakening of urban services. Therefore, the physical and social characteristics of cities interact with military and developmental policies in unique ways. An understanding of key local actors, services and institutions affecting urban drivers of armed conflict – an urban strategic environment – can help practitioners and strategists to craft comprehensive policies.
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Adams, Simon. "Notes for the Next un Secretary-General." Global Responsibility to Protect 8, no. 4 (October 26, 2016): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00804002.
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The United Nations faces an existential crisis. The norms that bind and ‘safeguard humanity’ are currently under threat. The deliberate bombing of hospitals and the indiscriminate killing of civilians has become almost routine in Syria and several other conflicts. Numerous governments and murderous non-state actors (like isis or Boko Haram) are defying international humanitarian and human rights law. This article argues that the solution to the current global exigency and a central challenge facing the next Secretary-General is to achieve an equilibrium shift away from crisis response and towards conflict prevention. This is especially true with regard to preventing mass atrocity crimes (genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing). Historically, no single issue has done more to tarnish the reputation of the un than the failure to halt atrocities. Under a committed Secretary-General, the un has unique capacity to prevent these crimes.
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Chaer, Moh Toriqul. "Islam dan Pendidikan Cinta Damai." Istawa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 1 (February 21, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijpi.v2i1.363.
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The nation of Indonesia is the pluralist nation. The plurality suggests the existence of a difference. The understanding and management of plurality would generate a positive force for the development of the nation. On the contrary, when it is not understood and managed properly, the plurality of faiths and cultures can be a destructive factor and trigger a disaster. Conflict and social violence that often occurs between community groups are part of the plurality of religions and cultures that are not managed properly. Religious conflict as happened in Maumere (1995), Surabaya, Situbondo and Tasikmalaya Rengasdengklok (1996), (1997), Solo, Jakarta and Kupang (1998), Poso, Ambon (1999-2002), not only claimed the casualties is not a little, but it has also destroyed hundreds of places of worship (whether a church or Mosque) caught fire and was destroyed. Similarly, notes smelling of ethnic violence, such as certain ethnic violence in West Kalimantan (1933), Central Kalimantan (2000). Necessary preventive measures as early prevention efforts, so that such events do not reoccur in the future. Peace education is an effort bring education more tolerant, understanding the diversity of religions, ethnicities, and cultures.
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Amrullah, Amrullah, Muslim Muslim, Sri Nurhidayati, Wiwi Noviati, and M. Salahuddin. "Kecerdasan Budaya Dalam Proses Pencegahan dan Resolusi Konflik di Kabupaten Sumbawa." DIALEKTIKA : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36636/dialektika.v3i1.88.
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Abstraksi
Masyarakat Sumbawa dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang heterogen, karena dihuni oleh penduduk dari berbagai suku, etnis, bahasa dan agama dengan konsekuensi terhadap pembawaan adat-istiadat serta sistem hidup yang berbeda-beda. Kondisi ini adalah salah satu modal utama yang jika disalahgunakan akan bisa berdampak negatif dengan munculnya sentimen-sentimen dan konflik komunal yang bisa merusak sistem kehidupan bermasyarakat. Proses mediasi, arbitrasi dan negosiasi adalah salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan dalam meresolusi konflik selama ini. Sedangkan masih banyak metode atau pendekatan lain yang dirasa cukup efektif dan kadang terlupakan dalam pendekatan pencegahan dan resolusi konflik yaitu melalui pendekatan Kecerdasan Budaya.Sehingga riset ini, mencoba mengangkat masalah urgensi kecerdasan budaya dalam mencegah dan meresolusi konflik. Adapun masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1).Faktor-faktor apa saja yang bisa menyebabkan terjadinya konflik dalam masyarakat?, 2). Siapa saja yang berperan sebagai struktural, akselerator dan pemakin atau trigger dalam konflik tersebut?, 3). Pendekatan apa saja yang selama ini digunakan dalam upaya mencegah dan menyelesaikan konflik dalam masyarakat oleh pemerintah?, 4). Mengapa kecerdasan budaya sangat penting dalam mencegah dan menyelesaikan konflik tersebut?
Metode riset yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kualitatif.Dengan tujuan agar pengungkapan fenomena di lokasi penelitian secara leluasa memungkin untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal karena data tersebut valid dan dapat dipertanggung- jawabkan secara ilmiah dan rasional. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ada yaitu teknik observasi, interview dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dimulai dari proses pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan keabsahan datayang terdiri dari Derajat kepercayaan (credibility), Keteralihan (transferability), Ketergantungan (dependability), dan Kepastian (comfirmability).
Hasil penelitian, bahwa Terjadinya konflik di Kabupaten Sumbawa disebabkan karena adanya faktor Struktural, Akselerator dan Trigger (SAT) konflik, misalnya seperti: masih ada dan kuatnya Political Memory dalam Masyarakat. Serta pentingnya Kecerdasan Budaya dalam mencegah dan menyelesaikan konflik, karena semua aspek-aspek yang ada dalam Kecerdasan Budaya seperti: Pengetahuan, Strategi, Motivasi dan Perilaku ternyata memiliki relevansi dan kemampuan untuk mendorong dan menciptakan suasana yang aman, damai dan harmonis dalam masyarakat sepanjang masyarakat bisa dan mampu menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Kata Kunci: Kecerdasan Budaya, Pencegahan, Resolusi, Konflik
The Sumbawa community is known as a heterogeneous society, inhabited by people of various ethnic, ethnic, linguistic and religious backgrounds with consequences for different customs and systems of life. This condition is one of the main capital that if misused will be able to negatively impact the emergence of sentiments and communal conflicts that can damage the system of social life. The process of mediation, arbitration and negotiation is one of the approaches used in resolving conflicts over the years. While there are many other methods or approaches that are considered quite effective and sometimes forgotten in the approach of prevention and conflict resolution is through the approach of Cultural Intelligence. So this research, trying to raise the urgency issue of the cultural intelligence in preventing and resolving the conflict. The problems raised in this study are: 1). What factors can cause conflict in society ?, 2). Who actor that acts as a structural, accelerator and trigger or trigger in the conflict ?, 3). What approaches have been used in preventing and resolving the conflict in society by the government ?, 4). Why is cultural intelligence so important in preventing and resolving the conflict?
The research method in this research is descriptive-qualitative. The aim of this research that the disclosure of the phenomenon in the research location freely possible to get maximum results because the data is valid and can be accounted scientifically and rationally.Data collection techniques that is used in this research are techniques of observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques start from the process of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data validity consisting of credibility, transferability, dependability and comfirmability. The result of the research, that the occurrence of conflict in Sumbawa Regency caused by Structural factor, Accelerator and Trigger (SAT) conflict, for example: there is still and strong Political Memory in Society. As well as the importance of Cultural Intelligence in preventing and resolving of conflicts, as all aspects of Cultural Intelligence such as: Knowledge, Strategy, Motivation and Behavior have the relevance and ability to encourage and create a safe, peaceful and harmonious atmosphere in society as long as society can and able to internalize these values ​​in everyday life.
Keywords: Cultural Intelligence, Prevention, Resolution, Conflict
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Van Keer, Rose-Lima, Reginald Deschepper, Luc Huyghens, and Johan Bilsen. "Preventing Conflicts Between Nurses and Families of a Multi-ethnic Patient Population During Critical Medical Situations in a Hospital." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659619859049.
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Introduction: Little is known about how to avoid intercultural nurse–family conflicts in critical care settings. In this article, strategies are discussed that may be useful to prevent or mitigate intercultural nurse–family conflicts during critical medical situations in hospital. Method: Strategies are based on an ethnographic study by Van Keer et al., other literature, and expert opinion. Results: Sufficient structural measures are needed. First, institutions must create appropriate ward policies, such as including nurses in end-of-life communication. Second, nurses should be coached in the workplace. Third, institutions must provide adapted, visual, ward information to families. Additionally, education and research are needed. These measures should be actively stimulated by nurse managers and reflect a multicultural program supported by the hospital. Discussion: Intercultural nurse–family conflict prevention or mitigation should take into account organizational aspects, on hospital units and in hospital as a whole, and the crucial role of education and research.
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Gulden, Timothy R. "Spatial and temporal patterns in civil violence: Guatemala, 1977–1986." Politics and the Life Sciences 21, no. 1 (March 2002): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400005736.
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Civil violence is a complex and often horrific phenomenon whose characteristics have varied by era, setting, and circumstance. Its objective analysis has rarely been feasible at spatial and temporal scales great enough and resolutions fine enough to reveal patterns useful in prevention, intervention, or adjudication. An extraordinary data set simultaneously meeting scale and resolution criteria was collected during conflict in Guatemala from 1977 through 1986. Reported here is its spatial-temporal analysis; reported as well is a putatively novel method for estimating power-law exponents from aggregate data. Analysis showed that the relationship between ethnic mix and killing was smooth yet highly nonlinear, that the temporal texture of killings was rough, and that the distribution of killing-event sizes was dichotomous, with nongenocidal and genocidal conflict periods displaying Zipf and non-Zipf distributions, respectively. These results add statistical support to claims that the Guatemalan military operated under at least two directives with respect to killing and that one of these effected a genocidal campaign against an indigenous people, the Mayans. Implications for group-behavioral modeling, conflict prevention, peace-keeping intervention, human-rights monitoring, and transitional justice are noted.
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Zaagman, Rob, and Konrad Huber. "Towards the prevention of ethnic conflict in CSCE: The High Commissioner on National Minorities and Other Developments." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 1, no. 1 (1993): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181193x00112.
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Hubert, Don, and Ariela Blätter. "The Responsibility to Protect as International Crimes Prevention." Global Responsibility to Protect 4, no. 1 (2012): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598412x619667.
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In 2005 the UN’s World Summit endorsed the idea that its members have a responsibility to prevent and halt genocide, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and war crimes. Insufficient attention has been paid to clarifying how the definitions and evolving jurisprudence relating to these international crimes can provide clarity in identifying the unlawful acts that the Responsibility to Protect seeks to prevent and to halt. Specifically, an analysis of the elements of the crimes establishes the following parameters: attacks directed against any civilian population, committed in a widespread or systematic manner, in furtherance of a state or organizational policy, irrespective of the existence of discriminatory intent or an armed conflict. This conclusion makes reference to four ‘crimes’ redundant: crime against humanity alone provides an appropriate framework for conceptualizing and implementing the Responsibility to Protect. Although analysts focused on international crimes tend to prioritize accountability, such an approach need not be reactive. The essence of the Responsibility to Protect is best characterized as international crimes prevention.
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McLoughlin , Stephen. "Understanding Mass Atrocity Prevention during Periods of Democratic Transition." Politics and Governance 3, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i3.318.
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The purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of why some countries experience mass atrocities during periods of democratic transition, while others do not. Scholars have long regarded democracy as an important source of stability and protection from mass atrocities such as genocide, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing. But democratic transition itself is fraught with the heightened risk of violent conflict and even mass atrocities. Indeed, a number of studies have identified regimes in transition as containing the highest risk of political instability and mass atrocities. What is overlooked is the question of how and why some regimes undergo such transitions without experiencing mass atrocities, despite the presence of a number of salient risk factors, including state-based discrimination, inter-group tension and horizontal inequality. Utilizing a new analytical framework, this article investigates this lacuna by conducting a comparative analysis of two countries—one that experienced atrocities (Burundi) during transition, and one that did not (Guyana). How countries avoid such violence during transition has the potential to yield insights for the mitigation of risk associated with mass atrocity crimes.
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Duncan, Christopher R. "Reconciliation and Revitalization: The Resurgence of Tradition in Postconflict Tobelo, North Maluku, Eastern Indonesia." Journal of Asian Studies 68, no. 4 (November 2009): 1077–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191180999074x.
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This article looks at efforts to revitalize “tradition” (in Indonesian, adat) among the Tobelo people in the eastern Indonesian province of North Maluku in the aftermath of the ethnic and religious violence that swept the region in 1999–2001. It examines how some groups in Tobelo society are attempting to revive previously marginalized adat practices as a way to facilitate reconciliation between Muslim and Christian communities. Those involved in these efforts believe that a revitalization of adat will shift people's focus of identity from their religion—the focus of the recent conflict—to their ethnicity. They hope this shift in focus will transcend religious differences. The paper explores these attempts to articulate Tobelo tradition and Tobelo identity in order to prevent future violence. It also discusses the rationales and historical justifications for seeing adat as a mechanism for reconciliation and conflict prevention.
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Phillips, Alan. "The Fall of the Iron Curtain and Its Significance for the Establishment of Minority Rights Regimes in Eastern Europe." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 13, no. 1 (May 22, 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01301002.
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This article examines the development of minority rights regimes in Europe following the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. It shows how the foundations for democracy were reinforced by the Helsinki Final Act in 1975 and the opportunities it created for dialogue. The major concerns of many states to prevent irredentism and violent inter-ethnic conflicts provided the opportunity to adopt international standards on the protection and promotion of minority rights. Civil society, including members of minorities, were in the vanguard, as they promoted democratic change in 1989 and played a leading role in influencing minority rights standards and their implementation. The Conclusions of the 1990 csce Copenhagen Human Dimension influenced the undm, formed the backbone of the fcnm, and became an invaluable set of standards used by the hcnm for conflict prevention. Twenty-five years later, it is evident the fall of the Iron Curtain was highly significant for minority rights regimes throughout Europe.
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Naydenko, Vitaly N. "Expert Assessment of Negative Manifestations that Cause Ethnic and National Conflicts in Modern Russia." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 8, no. 3 (2020): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2020.8.3.7493.
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The article deals with the problems of modern ethnic conflict manifestations, which, if ethnic tension increases in Russian society, may pose a threat to Russia’s national security. The survey conducted by the author of the article (using the methods of questionnaires and in–depth interviews) of twenty experts who are highly qualified specialists in the field of countering ethnoextremism, the results of mass sociological research, analysis of scientific papers and media publications on the research topic allowed us to determine the probability of various negative manifestations that cause the emergence and development of ethno-national conflicts in the next five to seven years. The most likely negative manifestations (the maximum expert rating is “5”) are the actions of Islamist extremism, including terrorism. The main danger is the terrorist activities of the international organization “Islamic state” and its affiliated extremist structures. Experts believe that ethnoextremistic actions are quite likely (rating “3”): local population towards non-cultural migrants from the North Caucasus republics; local population towards migrants from Central Asian States and towards Russians in the national republics of Russia; local population towards the Federal government and regional authorities; as well as due to the increased influx of migrants from China towards migrants from Ukraine. Experts consider negative manifestations of regional elites towards the Federal government, local population towards Russian citizens in foreign countries, as well as manifestations of Russian nationalism and anti-Semitism to be the least likely (rating “2”). The results of scientific research presented in this article demonstrate the importance of studying the problem of negative ethnic and national manifestations, determining the degree of their influence on the content and dynamics of possible conflicts, and developing effective measures for their timely prevention and suppression.
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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna, Sanja Copic, Nikola Petrovic, and Bejan Saciri. "Victimisation and justice in intercultural context in Serbia." Temida 18, no. 2 (2015): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1502031n.
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During 2013, within the ALTERNATIVE project, Victimology Society of Serbia conducted an empirical research study with the aim to find out how people from three multiethnic communities in Serbia deal with interethnic conflicts in their everyday life and to identify both problems and positive experiences in solving them. It also analysed how victims are treated, how the security and justice are perceived by the citizens, and what is the place of restorative approaches in dealing with conflicts and security. The research was conducted in Backa Palanka, Bac, Prijepolje and Medvedja. It consisted of qualitative and quantitative part, and it had a strong action dimension. After a brief description of the research methodology, we present main research findings related to the conflicts that have been evolving since 1990 between members of different ethnic groups in three multiethnic communities in Serbia, focusing on the prevalence and characteristics of victimisation and respondents? notions of justice, i.e. mechanisms suitable to achieve justice in the concrete cases of victimisation they experienced. In the conclusion we point out that respondents attribute high relevance to both formal and informal restorative approaches, suggesting the need of citizens in general, and victims in particular to actively participate in the process of conflict transformation and prevention of further victimisations.
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Akenroye, Ayodele. "Navigating the Complexity of HIV/AIDS in African Peacekeeping Missions: Challenges and Prospects." Journal of International Peacekeeping 17, no. 3-4 (2013): 361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1704010.
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The end of the Cold War witnessed the resurgence of ethnic conflicts in Africa, which necessitated the deployment of peacekeeping missions in many crisis contexts. The risk of HIV transmission increases in post-conflict environments where peacekeepers are at risk of contracting and spreading HIV/AIDS. In response, UN Security Council Resolution 1308 (2000) stressed the need for the UN to incorporate HIV/AIDS prevention awareness skills and advice in its training for peacekeepers. However, troops in peacekeeping missions remain under national command, thus limiting the UN prerogatives. This article discusses the risk of peacekeepers contracting or transmitting HIV/AIDS, as well as the role of peacekeeping missions in controlling the spread of the disease, and offers an account of the steps taken within UN peacekeeping missions and African regional peacekeeping initiatives to tackle the challenges of HIV/AIDS. While HIV/AIDS remains a scourge that could weaken peacekeeping in Africa, it seems that inertia has set in, making it even more difficult to tackle the complexity of this phenomenon.
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Warner, Lynn A., Margarita Alegría, and Glorisa Canino. "Childhood Maltreatment Among Hispanic Women in the United States." Child Maltreatment 17, no. 2 (May 2012): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559512444593.
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Prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment among Hispanic women in the United States are presented separately for nativity status and ethnic origin subgroups, and the associations between different types of maltreatment and the development of anxiety and depressive disorders are examined. Analyses used self-report data from 1,427 Hispanic women who participated in the National Latino and Asian American Survey. Foreign-born Hispanic women compared to U.S.-born Hispanic women reported significantly lower rates of sexual assault and witnessing interpersonal violence, and a significantly higher rate of being beaten. Ethnic subgroups reported similar rates of maltreatment, with the exception of rape. Bivariate analyses were remarkably consistent in that regardless of nativity status or ethnic subgroup, each type of maltreatment experience increased the risk of psychiatric disorder. In multivariate models controlling for all types of victimization and proxies of acculturation, having been beaten and witnessing interpersonal violence remained significant predictors of both disorders, but sexual abuse increased risk of anxiety only. A significant interaction effect of family cultural conflict and witnessing violence on anxiety provided very limited support for the hypothesis that acculturation moderates the influence of maltreatment on mental health outcomes. Implications for culturally relevant prevention and intervention approaches are presented.
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Zaagman, Rob, and Konrad Huber. "Peace, Human Rights, and Minorities: Multilateral Responses and the CSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 2, no. 1 (1994): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181194x00094.
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AbstractThis article attempts to understand concurrent efforts by inter-governmental agencies in the areas of minority protection and ethnic conflict prevention. The analysis specifially aims (1) to assist in differentiating between the numerous inter-governmental organs, bodies, and mechanisms, including the CSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities, with a role in addressing minority issues, and (2) to begin the process of identifying interrelationships, overlaps, and gaps in existing capacities. In addition to the High Commissioner, the minority-related activities of the UN, the Council of Europe, and the Council of Baltic Sea States are all reviewed. The essential view is that 'the effectiveness of international response to minority questions lies not in the efficacy of single institutions but in synergetic cooperaton among them'.
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Terepyshchyi, Serhii, and Glib Khomenko. "HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN CONFLICT CONDITIONS: EVOLUTION FROM KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY TO UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 19(1) (February 3, 2020): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.19(1)-3.
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Peacebuilding in society is impossible without generating and implementing an effective higher education development strategy. Education representing the ideological and value principles of humanism, democracy, tolerance, dialogue is a powerful tool in the consolidation of a conflict society, its gradual transformation into a society of understanding. In this regard, the role of the teacher in peacebuilding cannot be overestimated. Unfortunately, most politicians prefer to finance short-term projects where certain material benefit can be obtained in a minimum period of time. This is probably one of the major strategic mistakes that can cause extremely negative consequences. In general terms, peace can be compared with a kind of humanitarian deposit that is long-term oriented. Its main dividend is the stable development of a society in which the confidence of individual citizens in each other acts as a metaphorical interest rate. That is, the greater the social trust within society, the greater the likelihood that war will not affect the territorial integrity of a particular state. The level of trust implies the support of state institutions of power from the side of ordinary citizens, as well as interpersonal trust in matters of religion, ethnic and valuebased differences. Universities should increase the level of trust within society, thus advocating as a means of conflict prevention acording to optimistic scenario or social rehabilitation acording to pesimictic scenario. However, public investment in its development should be steadily increased beside grant financial infusions.
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Erokhina, E. A. "Opportunities and Risks of Technological Enhancement of the Monitoring System of Inter-Ethnic and Inter-Confessional Relations and Early Prevention of Conflict Situations." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 3 (2018): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2018-16-3-132-142.
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The paper considers the risks of implementation of the technocratic model of national policy for local and regional communities. Two groups of socio-cultural determinants that govern the emergence of projects for technological enhancement of the monitoring system of the interethnic relations are highlighted: sociotechnical and managerial fictions. The example of introduction of artificial intelligence system into the procedures of information collection and analysis in the system of interethnic relations monitoring shows the contradiction between the growing influence of the techno-science and the underestimation of risks caused by the implementation of innovations. The paper also justifies the important role of institutions of public expertise in assessing the risks facing the society due to the implementation of projects of innovative and human development.
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Michael Kpughe, Lang. "Inter-Ethnic Conflict Management and Prevention in Cameroon's Northwest: Assessing the Role of the Justice and Peace Commission of the Catholic Archdiocese of Bamenda." Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18588/201905.00a051.
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Lang, Michael Kpughe. "Inter-Ethnic Conflict Management and Prevention in Cameroon's Northwest: Assessing the Role of the Justice and Peace Commission of the Catholic Archdiocese of Bamenda." Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18588/202005.00a051.
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Nawawi, Abdul Muid, Mulawarman Hannase, and Iwan Satiri. "Solusi Konflik Rasial pada Masyarakat Multikultural dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an." Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur'an dan Keislaman 2, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36671/mumtaz.v2i2.25.
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Conflicts that still often occur in multicultural communities such as in Indonesia is racial conflict. Racial conflicts in Indonesia have occurred between Batak ethnic groups and Flores on July 12, 1999 on Batam; between indigenous and ethnic Chinese on January 4, 2000 in Pekalongan, Central Java; and between the Madurese tribe and the Dayak tribe on February 18, 2001 in Sampit Borneo. According to Sayyid Qutb the Qur’an describes a solution in the form of preventive measures so that things that can cause potential conflicts, such as prohibiting insulting, prohibiting gossiping, and prejudice prohibitions. This paper tries to offer a preventive and persuasive solution to racial conflict in the perspective of the Qur’an
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Harroff-Tavel, Marion. "Violence and humanitarian action in urban areas: new challenges, new approaches." International Review of the Red Cross 92, no. 878 (June 2010): 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383110000421.
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AbstractA number of states are faced with the challenge of ensuring the harmonious development of rapidly expanding cities and of offering a growing population public services worthy of the name in the fields of security, health, and education. That challenge is even more difficult and more pressing because violence may erupt (hunger riots, clashes between territorial gangs or ethnic communities, acts of xenophobic violence directed against migrants, and so on) – violence that does not generally escalate to the point of becoming an armed conflict but that is murderous nevertheless.On the basis of the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of its partners, as well as reports by academic specialists, this article describes the vulnerability of the poorest and of migrants in urban areas. It presents the difficulties with which humanitarian organizations, which are often accustomed to working in rural areas, have to contend. Lastly, it describes innovative responses, from which much can be learned: income-generating micro-projects, aid in the form of cash or vouchers, urban agriculture, and the establishment of violence-prevention or health-promotion programmes to protect those affected by armed violence in disadvantaged areas.
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Magoti, Iddy Ramadhani. "Compromising for Peace through Ritual Practices among the Kuria of Tanzania and Kenya." Utafiti 13, no. 2 (March 18, 2018): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-01302005.
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Kuria people, who straddle both sides of the Kenya–Tanzania border, have experienced interminable intra- and inter-ethnic warfare emanating from cattle rustling. The Kuria people are stereotypically described as cantankerous and indisposed to compromise or forgiveness when they have been wronged. But on the contrary, archival and secondary information as well as oral interviews conducted in the region demonstrate that through participation in different ritual forms, the Kuria people themselves have been responsible for maintaining harmony and serenity with their neighbours. Kuria who abide by their cultural beliefs, social norms, and respect for traditional leadership, do forgive, regularly initiate reconciliations, and actively maintain peaceful relations through participation in various ritual forms. It is evident that rituals constitute an integral part of the customary process of conflict resolution and peace building among the Kuria. Especially those rituals related to the prevention of cattle rustling have gained recognition and formal support of the central states on both sides of the border, to the extent that the powers embodied in these traditional Kuria rituals have sometimes overridden the jurisdiction of modern courts established in the Kuria areas.
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Popov, Maxim. "MAJOR THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS." Politologija 87, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/polit.2017.3.10857.
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This article explores the major approaches to the study of conflict resolution strategy from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. It argues that conflict resolution strategy, as a civil integration resource, is a necessary tool for overcoming deep-rooted ethnic conflicts in the unstable North Caucasus. This research pursues the goal of analyzing how the strength of civil integration can affect conflict resolution and peacebuilding. The author considers the essential factors of protracted ethnic conflicts and emphasizes the destabilizing role of the repoliticization of ethnicity in a crisis society. The concept of ethnic, “identity-based” conflicts is the heuristic theoretical model of exploring causes for increased ethnoreligious tensions in the North Caucasus. This article focuses on the ability of conflict resolution strategy to de-escalate growing tensions and transform protracted identity-based conflicts. The need to stimulate civil integration is caused by moral and structural causes: from the ethical point of view, the creation of an inclusive society is the fundamental societal goal; structural factors are related to the need to reduce inequalities and differences leading to social fragmentation and an escalation of ethnic conflicts. Among the structural conditions of regional conflicts, the author names ethnosocial inequalities, a civil identity crisis, ethnopolitical neo-authoritarianism, large-scale socioeconomic polarization and an “ideological combat” between secular modernization and religious fundamentalism. While discussing conflict resolution strategies, it is necessary to consider the following: 1) Peace and integration within the North Caucasus is a macropolitical project, the content of which is determined by issues of social cohesion and civil solidarity; 2) The development of the North Caucasus after the end of armed ethnic conflicts shows the inadmissibility of political demodernization, fundamentalism and isolationism. Today, the North Caucasus remains a crucially geopolitical macroregion, as it forms the southern volatile frontier of Russia. In this case, conflict resolution strategy must serve as an integrational and preventive tool on the conflict environment by way of providing structural solutions for deep-rooted cultural antagonisms, transforming and rationalizing ethnoregional contradictions.
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Bukari, Francis Issahaku Malongza, Stephen Bugu Kendie, Mohammed Sulemana, and Sylvester Zackaria Galaa. "The Effects of Chieftaincy and Land Conflicts on the Socio-political Development of Northern Ghana." International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 1 (October 30, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i1.11008.
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This paper assesses the effects of inter-ethnic chieftaincy and land conflicts on the socio-political development of northern Ghana. The knowledge gap the study sought to fill is the use of theoretical antecedents to illustrate that conflicts have some merits for socio-political development and that conflict theories equally depict solutions to conflicts. Methodologically, the study makes use of content analysis of secondary data, by following the tenets of the realistic group conflict theory. Examples were drawn from the Konkomba, Gonja, Nanumba, Dagomba, Kusasi, Mo and the Sissala disputes of emancipation. It was revealed that major positive effects of the conflicts include improvement in the decision-making processes on community development issues, strengthening of inter-ethnic unity and helping to redeem the identity of a group. The destruction of life and property is the major demerit. It was recommended that civic education on the causes and effects of the conflicts by authentic participation of potential disputants could provide a more sustainable way of preventing conflict.
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Panchuk, Ekaterina. "ATTITUDE TO CONFLICTS IN ETHICS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-324-325.
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The interdisciplinary importance of studying the problem of conflict is emphasized. The historical analysis of the attitude to conflicts is given. The negative and positive functions of conflicts in business communication, the role of ethics in the prevention and resolution of conflicts are examined.
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Tschudin, Verena, and Christine Schmitz. "The Impact of Conflict and War on International Nursing and Ethics." Nursing Ethics 10, no. 4 (July 2003): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733003ne618oa.
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Modern nursing evolved out of a war. Today’s nurses not only work in war zones but the profession as a whole needs to consider its responsibility in caring for victims of conflict and what its international duty is in preventing wars. This means that nurses must be informed of the devastation caused by conflict not only in countries where conflicts and war take place but also world-wide. Nurses’ responsibility is to prevent illness and alleviate suffering, which includes the long-term morbidity caused by wars. They need to be more politically active in conflict resolution and prevention at local, community, national and international levels. The purpose of this article is to address these issues from an ethical perspective and to suggest implications for nursing education and practice.
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Zaznaev, Oleg, and Viktor Sidorov. "Presidential or parliamentary system: what hinds an ethnic conflict." Political Science (RU), no. 4 (2020): 290–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2020.04.14.
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Ethnic conflict management includes a set of institutional and noninstitutional features for preventing and resolving ethnic conflicts. Among the large number of measures of national states and other political actors, one can especially figure out – the optimal organization of government system, which can calm ethnically colored conflicts, up to violence, armed warfare and civil wars. This article discusses the problem of the relationship between forms of government, on the one hand, and ethnic conflicts, on the other. That causation received small attention in political science. The authors answer the question of which form of government – presidential or parliamentary – creates risks of ethnic conflict. The purpose of the article is to identify institutional elements that pose a threat to ethnic peace and harmony, as well as show the positive features of presidentialism and parliamentarism that to calm ethnic conflicts. The authors chose neoinstitutionalism as the main methodological approach, which determines the central place of political institutions in explaining the nature of ethnic conflicts. The authors' conclusions are based on a comparative analysis of the theoretical and empirical results of studies of ethnic conflicts. The authors conclude that the presidential system creates more favorable conditions for calming ethnic conflicts that the parliamentary system do. In order to “smooth out” the negative consequences of the presidential and parliamentary systems, national governments conduct institutional “experiments” to modernize classical institutional models. The article discusses atypical systems and atypical elements of systems that help solve problems inherent in a “pure” presidential and “pure” parliamentary system. The article also assesses empirical studies that providing research on causation between government and ethnic conflicts.
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Frías, Sonia M. "Challenging the Representation of Intimate Partner Violence in Mexico: Unidirectional, Mutual Violence and the Role of Male Control." Partner Abuse 8, no. 2 (2017): 146–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.8.2.146.
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Dyadic concordance types of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Mexico are examined separately for married/cohabiting women and separated/divorced women using the 2011 National Survey on Household Dynamics. In the context of couples’ anger or conflict, IPV is primarily male perpetrated; at least half of women involved in a violent relationship report male-only violence. The rates of mutual violence are 26.7% for married/cohabiting couples and 29.3% for separated/divorced couples; those of female-only violence are 23.5% among married/cohabiting couples and 8% for separated/divorced couples, most of it consisting of situational IPV. Control is associated with IPV but does not differentiate between male-only and mutually violent couples; however, it does differentiate between nonviolent and female-only couples. Women’s use of violence in relationships tends to be linked with ethnic/racial and age structures and with previous experiences of violence during their childhood and adolescence. The implications for awareness and prevention programs, public policy, and future research are discussed. Existing claims regarding the mutual nature of IPV need to be contextualized because the prevalence of dyadic concordance types of IPV might be contingent on countries’ different levels of gender inequality and different cultural scripts regarding relationships.
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Popov, Maxim. "Conflict Resolution Strategy as Political Integration Resource: Theoretical Perspectives on Resolving Ethnic Conflicts in the North Caucasus." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3368.
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This article explores the different approaches to study of conflict resolution strategyfrom a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. It argues that conflict resolution strategy aspolitical integration resource is a necessary tool for overcoming deep-rooted ethnic conflictsin the instable region of North Caucasus. The author considers structural factors of protractedconflicts and emphasizes a destabilizing role of the re-politicization of ethnicity of a regionsociety in crisis. The concept of ethnic “identity-based” conflicts is the heuristic theoreticalmodel of exploring causes for increased ethno-confessional tensions in the North Caucasus.The article focuses on the ability of conflict resolution theory to de-escalate growing ethnoconfessionaltensions and transform protracted ethnic conflicts. Interdisciplinary approach toanalyzing conflict resolution strategy as political integration resource, while combining conflicttheory and neo-functionalistic paradigm, is the methodological basis of this research. The needto stimulate political integration is caused by moral and structural causes: from the ethical pointof view, the creation of an inclusive society is the fundamental societal goal; structural factorsare related to the need to reduce inequalities and differences leading to social fragmentationand escalation of ethnic conflicts. Among the socio-political conditions of the North Caucasianconflicts, the author calls social inequalities, civil identity crisis, authoritarian and ethnopolitical“renaissance”, economic polarization, “ideological combat” between the secular modernizationand fundamentalism. Discussing conflict resolution strategy as political integration resource,it is necessary to consider the following: 1) North Caucasian integration is a macro-politicalproject, the content of which is determined by issues of social security of multiethnic Russia;2) development of the North Caucasus after the end of armed ethnic conflicts shows theinadmissibility of structural demodernization, fundamentalism and cultural isolationism. Today,the North Caucasus remains a crucially geopolitical macro-region, as it forms the southernvolatile frontier of Russia. In this case, conflict resolution strategy must serve as preventive tool onthe conflict environment by way of providing structural solutions for deep-rooted socio-culturalproblems, transforming and rationalizing regional ethnic contradictions.
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Manandhar, Naresh, Marina Vaidya Shrestha, and Sunil Kumar Joshi. "Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Knowledge About Alcohol at Bhimtar, Sindhupalchowk." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 207 (September 30, 2017): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3271.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Alcohol causes several health problems, economic and social consequences across the
world. Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country with an ambivalent regarding alcohol use
according to social, religious and cultural values. Alcohol use is very common and easily available
everywhere in Nepal. Objective of study is to find the prevalence of alcohol consumption and
knowledge of alcohol among people at Bhimtar.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 369 households, age above 20 years
of Bhimtar, Sindhupalchowk district on November 2016. 41 households were selected using cluster
sampling from all nine wards of Bhimtar village development committee.
Results: The prevalence of alcohol consumption was 232 (62.9%) in which 144 (77.4%) of males and
88 (48.1%) of females. There was 3.3 times more chance of consuming alcohol in male than female.
Majority 137 (37%) consumed Raksi followed by Jaand/Chhyang 115 (31.3% ) and mix 97 (26.4%).
On knowledge of alcohol consumption, 280 (75.9 %) and 288 (78.0%) of current drinker opined that
it would effects own health and on the family respectively. After drinking alcohol 118 (31.9%) felt it
relieved tiredness followed by felt better 103 (28%) and reduced stress 70 (18.9%). It affects heart and
damage liver said by 72 (19.4%) and 59 (16%) respectively. There were family conflict after drinking
alcohol replied by 132 (35.8%). They have good knowledge about the affect of alcohol on pregnant
women. Only 50 (13.5%) of respondent expressed that it can be given to pregnant women.
Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption was very high. There is markedly differed
in alcohol consumption by sex. It is affecting their health and family. Consumption of alcohol is
financial burden and makes conflict in the family, which will also make psychological affect on their
children. There is significant difference in knowledge of harm on alcohol consumption by education
status. It is essential to plan and develop a specific health education program among these at-risk
populations for prevention of alcohol consumption.
Keywords: current drinker; economic burden; ever drinker; family conflict; initiation.
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Apandi, Apandi. "Pendekatan Resolusi Konflik Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Konflik Regional Pada Era Digitalisasi." Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik 2, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/jisop.v2i1.6414.
Full textAbstract:
Several decades ago, internal conflicts in ASEAN countries became the world's spotlight. Even the impact is very alarming because it causes humanitarian crises, trauma due to armed conflict, violent extremism, and losses to government. Then came the time of international trade tension which had an impact on the economic growth of ASEAN countries. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of the conflict resolution approach in efforts to prevent regional conflicts in the era of digitalization. Not without reason, the still lack of mutual trust and a less proactive attitude in addressing the situation of conflict between countries made the conflicting ASEAN countries decide to resolve bilaterally or resolve cases to external parties outside ASEAN. The era of digitalization is a hot issue in the trade war and can trigger tension between ASEAN countries. Of course this is not expected, therefore prevention efforts must be made. The literature study method was chosen to examine various findings that support this research to build a strategic model of the importance of the conflict resolution approach in the digitalization era. The results of the study stated that the government must show its credibility and put forward a proactive attitude, ethics in doing business, and building mutual trust and good cooperation between ASEAN countries. A conflict resolution approach can be an alternative to preventing regional conflicts by means of non-violence.