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Journal articles on the topic 'Ethnic neighborhoods'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Craw, Michael. "Exit, Voice, and Neighborhood Change: Evaluating the Effect of Sub-local Governance in Little Rock." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 2 (2017): 501–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087417716781.

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The relationship between neighborhood racial composition and property values is generally explained as a consequence of White household exit from racially and ethnically mixed neighborhoods. But some neighborhoods offer opportunities for households to exercise voice in response to neighborhood change rather than exit. This article argues that differences across neighborhoods in how they are governed play a significant role in mediating the relationship between property values and neighborhood racial and ethnic composition. Using geocoded data on sales of detached single family homes in Little

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2

Pasco, Michelle C., and Rebecca M. B. White. "A Mixed Methods Approach to Examining Mexican-Origin Adolescents’ Use of Ethnic-Racial Labels in Neighborhood Contexts." Journal of Adolescent Research 35, no. 4 (2019): 489–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558419868220.

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We employed a mixed method design to describe Mexican-origin adolescents’ ethnic-racial label usage in the context of ethnically/racially segregated neighborhoods. Data come from three sources: 26 semistructured interviews with 14 Mexican-origin adolescents (mean age = 15.43, SD = 1.22), 64.3% female, living in neighborhood environments predominated by Latinos; neighborhood ( N = 9) data from the U.S. Census Bureau; and systematic social observations of neighborhood block faces ( N = 256). Using Key-Word-In-Context analysis, we found that adolescents used a variety of labels to describe themse

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Owens, Ann, and Jennifer Candipan. "Racial/Ethnic Transition and Hierarchy Among Ascending Neighborhoods." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 6 (2018): 1550–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418770810.

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This article examines the racial/ethnic population dynamics of ascending neighborhoods—those experiencing socioeconomic growth. Drawing on Census and American Community Survey data from 1990 to 2010, we first explore whether changes in racial/ethnic composition occur alongside ascent. We find that, while most neighborhoods’ racial/ethnic composition does not dramatically change during this period, neighborhoods that experienced ascent are much more likely to transition from majority-minority to mixed race or predominantly White than nonascending neighborhoods. Then, we use microdata to analyze

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Alba, Richard D., Nancy A. Denton, Shu-yin J. Leung, and John R. Logan. "Neighborhood Change under Conditions of Mass Immigration: The New York City Region, 1970–1990." International Migration Review 29, no. 3 (1995): 625–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900301.

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This article investigates the shifting racial and ethnic composition of neighborhoods in the Greater New York metropolitan region in the 1970–1990 period, during which the region has been one of the nation's major receiving grounds for new immigrant groups. Neighborhoods are defined in terms of census tracts, and changes in neighborhood composition are tracked with data from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 censuses. Four racial/ethnic groups are considered: non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics and Asians. The analysis, which exploits the neighborhood transition table (Denton and Massey

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Gilster, Megan E., Cristian L. Meier, and Jaime M. Booth. "Assessing the Role of Ethnic Enclaves and Neighborhood Conditions in Volunteering Among Latinos in Chicago." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 49, no. 3 (2019): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764019889188.

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Neighborhoods may be important for formal volunteering because they vary in the extent to which they have institutions that support participation and problems that motivate participation. According to social heterogeneity and ethnic community theories, we should expect that living in ethnic enclaves, neighborhoods where residents are predominantly of the same ethnic group, would promote formal volunteering. Latino ethnic enclaves may also have more institutions and problems. However, no studies have examined neighborhood effects on formal volunteering among U.S.- and foreign-born Latinos. We i

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Truong, Alya, Mi-Ok Kim, Meg Mckinley, Scarlett L. Gomez, Salma Shariff-Marco, and Iona Cheng. "Abstract B090: Breast cancer incidence rates by neighborhood socioeconomic status and ethnic enclaves among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander females in California." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 12_Supplement (2023): B090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-b090.

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Abstract Background—Among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) females in the U.S., breast cancer incidence has steadily increased1. Of note, California has the largest population of AANHPI residents in the United States2. Few studies have examined whether the incidence rates of breast cancer among AANHPI populations differ by the neighborhood social environment. Thus, we examined the incidence of invasive breast cancer by AANHPI ethnic enclave (ethnically distinct neighborhoods) and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) among AANHPI females in California. Methods—

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7

Walton, Emily, and Mae Hardebeck. "MULTIETHNIC NEIGHBORHOODS ON THE GROUND." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 13, no. 2 (2016): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x16000230.

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AbstractAs our nation and our neighborhoods increasingly diversify, we should understand how to sustain integrated communities that are equally beneficial for all residents. Though our policies encourage diversity as a theoretical social good, we actually know little about what happens on the ground in multiethnic neighborhoods. We conduct a comparative case study of the only two Boston neighborhoods to have maintained at least 10% representation of four racial and ethnic groups over the past two decades. Using survey data and ethnographic field observations, we examine residents’ experiences

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Lee, Hyunjung, and Lorena M. Estrada-Martínez. "Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Neighborhood Changes from Adolescence to Adulthood: Latent Class Growth Analysis and Multilevel Growth Curve Models." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (2020): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061829.

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The role of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic composition on depression has received considerable attention in the United States. This study examines associations between trajectory patterns of neighborhood changes and depressive symptoms using data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We used latent class growth analysis to determine the number and distribution of person-centered trajectories for neighborhood characteristics, and multilevel growth curve models to examine how belonging to each class impacted depression trajec

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9

Cook, Benjamin L., Samuel H. Zuvekas, Jie Chen, Ana Progovac, and Alisa K. Lincoln. "Assessing the Individual, Neighborhood, and Policy Predictors of Disparities in Mental Health Care." Medical Care Research and Review 74, no. 4 (2016): 404–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558716646898.

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This study assesses individual- and area-level predictors of racial/ethnic disparities in mental health care episodes for adults with psychiatric illness. Multilevel regression models are estimated using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys linked to area-level data sets. Compared with Whites, Blacks and Latinos live in neighborhoods with higher minority density, lower average education, and greater specialist mental health provider density, all of which predict lesser mental health care initiation. Neighborhood-level variables do not have differential effects on mental health care

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10

Yang, Yukun, Ahyoung Cho, Quynh Nguyen, and Elaine O. Nsoesie. "Association of Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition and Historical Redlining With Built Environment Indicators Derived From Street View Images in the US." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (2023): e2251201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51201.

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ImportanceRacist policies (such as redlining) create inequities in the built environment, producing racially and ethnically segregated communities, poor housing conditions, unwalkable neighborhoods, and general disadvantage. Studies on built environment disparities are usually limited to measures and data that are available from existing sources or can be manually collected.ObjectiveTo use built environment indicators generated from online street-level images to investigate the association among neighborhood racial and ethnic composition, the built environment, and health outcomes across urban

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Velasquez, Alfredo, Jason Douglas, Fangqi Guo, and Jennifer Robinette. "IN THE EYES OF THE BEHOLDER: RACE, PLACE, AND HEALTH." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.877.

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Abstract Racial and ethnic health disparities are fundamentally connected to neighborhood quality. For example, racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to live in neighborhoods with signs of physical disorder (e.g., graffiti, vandalism), and physically disordered environments have been noted to associate with increased risk for chronic illness. Given that older adults may spend more time in their neighborhoods than younger adults as they transition out of the workforce, examining associations between neighborhood physical disorder and health among older minorities is of critical importanc

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Mieczkowski, Thomas M., Geoffrey P. Alpert, Roger G. Dunham, and Ronald Barri Flowers. "Policing Multi-Ethnic Neighborhoods." International Migration Review 24, no. 1 (1990): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546683.

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Hess, Chris L. "Light-Rail Investment in Seattle: Gentrification Pressures and Trends in Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 1 (2018): 154–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418758959.

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Research often finds a positive relationship between public transportation investment and gentrification in nearby neighborhoods. This dynamic is particularly important in urban contexts that plan for transit-oriented development and creating future “walkability.” In this study, I demonstrate a link between transit investment and changing neighborhood racial and ethnic composition, using a case study of the recent light-rail project in Seattle, Washington. Descriptive analyses and difference-in-difference models suggest that affected neighborhoods in Seattle experienced rising shares of non-Hi

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14

Tan, Yiming, Mei-Po Kwan, and Zifeng Chen. "Examining Ethnic Exposure through the Perspective of the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem: A Case Study of Xining, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (2020): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082872.

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An increasing number of studies have observed that ignoring individual exposures to non-residential environments in people’s daily life may result in misleading findings in research on environmental exposure. This issue was recognized as the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). This study examines ethnic segregation and exposure through the perspective of NEAP. Focusing on Xining, China, it compares the Hui ethnic minorities and the Han majorities. Using 2010 census data and activity diary data collected in 2013, the study found that NEAP exists when examining ethnic exposure. Respond

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15

Chua, Vincent, Eik Leong Swee, and Barry Wellman. "Getting Ahead in Singapore: How Neighborhoods, Gender, and Ethnicity Affect Enrollment into Elite Schools." Sociology of Education 92, no. 2 (2019): 176–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040719835489.

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Is education the social leveler it promises to be? Nowhere is this question better addressed than in Singapore, the emblematic modern-day meritocracy where education has long been hailed as the most important ticket to elite status. In particular, what accounts for gender and ethnic gaps in enrollment into Singapore’s elite junior colleges—the key sorters in the country’s education system? We consider how the wealth of neighborhoods has combined with the elite status of schools to affect the social mobility of gender and ethnic groups. Analyzing data from 40 years of junior college yearbooks (

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16

Olvera, Jacqueline. "The Growth of Ethnic Organizations in the Context of Neighborhood Change: Organizational Ecology in Postwar San Francisco." City & Community 14, no. 1 (2015): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12096.

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Which neighborhood conditions foster the growth of ethnic organizations? This paper explores how changing unemployment, homeownership, and immigration in neighborhoods shape the growth of ethnic organizations in San Francisco from 1940 to 1970. Using hierarchical linear modeling, this paper analyzes the growth of white ethnic and racial minority organizations as postwar neighborhood changes took form. Results indicate that white ethnic and racial minority organizations experience very different growth trajectories. Findings indicate that the growth of racial minority organizations was negative

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17

Martin, Deborah G., and Steven R. Holloway. "Organizing Diversity: Scales of Demographic Change and Neighborhood Organizing in St Paul, MN." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 6 (2005): 1091–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36142.

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Neighborhood involvement in urban governance remains a pressing goal in an era of globalization. Cities have instituted a variety of structures to facilitate this involvement, including quasi-formal neighborhood or district councils. At the same time, urban populations are changing rapidly because of multiple dynamics operating at multiple scales. Immigration, for example, continues to transform inner-city neighborhoods despite the emergence of suburban immigrant enclaves. Existing research inadequately addresses the interaction between efforts to organize neighborhood political involvement an

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Nathan, Noah L. "Local Ethnic Geography, Expectations of Favoritism, and Voting in Urban Ghana." Comparative Political Studies 49, no. 14 (2016): 1896–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414016655540.

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African democracies are increasingly urban. While ethnicity is generally correlated with vote choice, recent research suggests there may be less ethnic voting in cities. But I show that voting for ethnically affiliated parties is as common in some neighborhoods in urban Ghana as in rural areas, while virtually non-existent in other neighborhoods elsewhere within the same city. This intra-urban variation is not explained by differences in the salience of ethnic identities or other individual-level characteristics of voters themselves. Instead, it is influenced by the diversity and wealth of the

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19

Waerniers, Rachel. "Neighborhood and Identity: An Explorative Study of the Local and Ethnic Identities of Young Ethnic Minorities in Belgium." City & Community 16, no. 4 (2017): 380–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12269.

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In this paper, a qualitative study is conducted in different neighborhoods in the Belgian city of Ghent to investigate the local attachments of young ethnic minorities and how these are related to ethnic identities. Analysis of the narratives of the young people shows that ethnic and local identities do not have to be mutually exclusive but are in a complex interaction. The first narrative distinguished is characterized by the expression of a strong neighborhood identity along with positive attitudes toward others. A second narrative contains the expression of a strong ethnic identity in the f

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20

Böhlmark, Anders, and Alexander Willén. "Tipping and the Effects of Segregation." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 1 (2020): 318–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170579.

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We analyze how neighborhood ethnic population composition affects the short- and long-run education and labor market outcomes of natives and immigrants. To overcome the problem of nonrandom sorting across neighborhoods, we borrow theoretical insights from the tipping point literature and exploit estimated tipping thresholds as instruments for changes in ethnic population composition. Our results provide little evidence in support of the idea that living in a neighborhood with a higher immigrant share leads to worse outcomes. (JEL I20, J15, J24, R23)

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Hyde, Allen, and Mary J. Fischer. "New Faces, New Neighbors? How Latino Population Growth and Lending Expansion Shapes the Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition for White and Latino Homebuyers." City & Community 20, no. 2 (2021): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535684120981344.

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Fueled by increased socioeconomic status (SES), geographic mobility, and access to lending, Latino home buying expanded during the recent housing boom. However, less is known about the types of neighborhoods Latino homebuyers accessed during this time. To address this gap, we explore how SES, mortgage type, and the metropolitan racial and ethnic context affected the racial and ethnic composition of neighborhoods for new white and Latino homeowners. We use data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act to explore these processes in 317 U.S. metropolitan areas from 2000 to 2010. Overall, we find evi

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Jiang, Yanping, Fengyan Tang, and Dinesh Mendhe. "NEIGHBORHOOD SEGREGATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF OLDER CHINESE IMMIGRANTS LIVING IN GREATER CHICAGO." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1408.

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Abstract Neighborhoods profoundly influence health of older adults, with those living in more affluent neighborhoods tending to be happier and healthier. However, which neighborhoods to live, is shaped by pull and push factors, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities that disproportionally live in segregated neighborhoods characterized by social and economic deprivation. Residential segregation, however, is not well-examined among older Asian Americans. This study aimed to close this gap by investigating neighborhood, sociodemographic, and health behavior characteristics among older Chines

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Delmelle, Elizabeth C. "Differentiating pathways of neighborhood change in 50 U.S. metropolitan areas." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 10 (2017): 2402–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17722564.

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Rapid transformations sweeping the United States over the past 50 years have necessitated a reassessment of longstanding theories on how the neighborhood change process has unfolded. This article builds upon recent methodological advancements aimed at understanding longitudinal dynamics by developing a workflow that blends the self-organizing map and a sequential alignment method to visualize pathways of change in a multivariate context. It identifies the predominant pathways in which neighborhoods have changed according to their racial, ethnic, socioeconomic and housing characteristics in the

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Logan, John R., Seth Spielman, Hongwei Xu, and Philip N. Klein. "Identifying and Bounding Ethnic Neighborhoods." Urban Geography 32, no. 3 (2011): 334–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.32.3.334.

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Drever, Anita I. "Germans in Germany's Ethnic Neighborhoods." Schmollers Jahrbuch 128, no. 1 (2008): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.128.1.175.

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Friedson, Michael, and Patrick Sharkey. "Violence and Neighborhood Disadvantage after the Crime Decline." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 660, no. 1 (2015): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215579825.

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Violent crime is known to be concentrated in the same urban neighborhoods as poverty and other forms of disadvantage. While U.S. violent crime has declined at an unprecedented rate over the past two decades, little is known about the spatial distribution of this decline within cities. Using longitudinal neighborhood crime data from six U.S. cities during the national crime decline, this article examines changes in (1) crime rates of neighborhoods grouped by their initial crime levels, poverty rates, and racial/ethnic makeups; (2) the neighborhood exposure to violence of urban residents classif

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Goldsmith, Pat Rubio. "Learning Apart, Living Apart: How the Racial and Ethnic Segregation of Schools and Colleges Perpetuates Residential Segregation." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 112, no. 6 (2010): 1602–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811011200603.

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Background Despite a powerful civil rights movement and legislation barring discrimination in housing markets, residential neighborhoods remain racially segregated. Purpose This study examines the extent to which neighborhoods’ racial composition is inherited across generations and the extent to which high schools’ and colleges’ racial composition mediates this relationship. To understand the underlying social processes responsible for racial segregation, I use the spatial assimilation model, the place stratification model, and perpetuation theory. Population Data for this project are from the

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Beach, Brian, Daniel B. Jones, Tate Twinam, and Randall Walsh. "Racial and Ethnic Representation in Local Government." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 16, no. 2 (2024): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200430.

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Does the presence of underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in a legislative body differentially impact outcomes for members of those groups? We study close elections between White and non-White candidates for California city council and the corresponding impact on housing values, a summary statistic for neighborhood investment. We find electing non-White rather than White candidates generates differential home value gains in majority non-White neighborhoods. This result, which is not explained by correlations between candidate race and political affiliation or neighborhood racial composition a

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Logan, John R., Richard D. Alba, and Wenquan Zhang. "Immigrant Enclaves and Ethnic Communities in New York and Los Angeles." American Sociological Review 67, no. 2 (2002): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240206700207.

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The predominant post–1965 immigrant groups have established distinctive settlement areas in many American cities and suburbs. These areas are generally understood in terms of an “immigrant enclave” model in which ethnic neighborhoods in central cities serve relatively impoverished new arrivals as a potential base for eventual spatial assimilation with the white majority. This model, and the “ethnic community “ model, are evaluated here. In the ethnic community model, segregated settlement can result from group preferences even when spatial assimilation is otherwise feasible. Analysis of the re

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Shi, Yuyan, Kristin Meseck, and Marta M. Jankowska. "Availability of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Stores and Neighborhood Characteristics in Colorado." Journal of Addiction 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7193740.

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Objective. To examine the availability of marijuana stores in Colorado and associations with neighborhood characteristics.Methods. The addresses for 650 medical and recreational marijuana stores were geocoded and linked to the characteristics of 1249 census tracts in Colorado. Accounting for spatial autocorrelations, autologistic regressions were used to quantify the associations of census tract socioeconomic characteristics with the availability of marijuana stores.Results. Regardless of store types, marijuana stores were more likely to locate in neighborhoods that had a lower proportion of y

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Argeros, Grigoris, Jenni L. Hoffman, and Natalie Dove. "An Exploratory Ecological Study between COVID-19 Vaccination Rate and Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Status Neighborhood Conditions in Michigan." COVID 3, no. 2 (2023): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid3020019.

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COVID-19 vaccination rate disparities continue to persist in the U.S., despite their wide availability. A multidimensional host of sociodemographic, economic, political, and cultural factors have resulted in differences in vaccine coverage rates across the U.S. The present study descriptively explores one component of the complex relationship among what drives COVID-19 vaccination rate differences—specifically, the relationship between neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and vaccination rates in Michigan. Data from the 2019 5-Year American Community Survey are merged with vaccine cov

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Kutmanaliev, Joldon. "Public and communal spaces and their relation to the spatial dynamics of ethnic riots." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 7/8 (2015): 449–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2015-0027.

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Purpose – This paper is one of the first attempts to explain the local dynamics of the 2010 ethnic riots in Kyrgyzstan. No scholarly work has attempted to systematically analyze the 2010 ethnic violence and its local dynamics on the neighborhood scale. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on this gap by analyzing neighborhoods’ responses to the emerging violence in the city of Osh. In order to do this, the author compares two typical neighborhoods in Osh, one violent and the other non-violent, with different spatial structures and built environments that demonstrate/represent similar dyn

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Stolzenberg, Lisa, Stewart J. D’Alessio, and Jamie L. Flexon. "The Impact of Violent Crime on Obesity." Social Sciences 8, no. 12 (2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8120329.

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Dwelling in a violence-plagued neighborhood may amplify obesity by engendering psychological distress or by cultivating a sedentary, homebound lifestyle. This relationship is speculated to be especially relevant for black and Hispanic citizens because they are much more likely than whites to live in violence-beleaguered neighborhoods. Results from two multilevel analyses of 12,645 residents living in 34 New York City neighborhoods show that, while the violent crime rate does not have a direct effect on obesity, it does condition the relationships between race, ethnicity, and obesity. As the vi

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Thierry, Amy, and Heather Farmer. "ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING TRAJECTORIES BY RACE/ETHNICITY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2075.

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Abstract Older adults living in neighborhoods with high physical disorder and low social cohesion may be especially vulnerable to experiencing declining health. However, less is known about how neighborhoods may influence age-related patterns of cognitive functioning for different racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, we examine whether perceived neighborhood characteristics (safety, cleanliness, and social cohesion) are associated with trajectories of cognitive functioning across race/ethnicity. Using data from the 2006-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, our study includes 11,870 non-H

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Bhatti, Yosef, and Kasper M. Hansen. "The Effect of Residential Concentration on Voter Turnout among Ethnic Minorities." International Migration Review 50, no. 4 (2016): 977–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12187.

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Utilizing a large and unique dataset composed of government records, we study the widely contested effect of co-ethnic residential concentrations on voter turnout. Non-Western immigrants are moderately affected by the concentration of co-ethnic voters in their neighborhoods. As the local concentration of same-ethnicity voters increases, so does the individual's propensity to turn out for the election. In general, the concentration of non-Western immigrants in the neighborhood has only a very limited impact on an immigrant's propensity to vote. Finally, we investigate the possible mobilizing ef

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Sharp, Gregory, and Richard M. Carpiano. "Neighborhood social organization exposures and racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension risk in Los Angeles." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (2023): e0282648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282648.

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Despite a growing evidence base documenting associations between neighborhood characteristics and the risk of developing high blood pressure, little work has established the role played by neighborhood social organization exposures in racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension risk. There is also ambiguity around prior estimates of neighborhood effects on hypertension prevalence, given the lack of attention paid to individuals’ exposures to both residential and nonresidential spaces. This study contributes to the neighborhoods and hypertension literature by using novel longitudinal data from th

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Omori, Marisa. "Spatial Dimensions of Racial Inequality." Race and Justice 7, no. 1 (2016): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368716648461.

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While scholars have noted that The War on Drugs has disproportionately impacted Black and Latino communities, we have little understanding as to how spatial patterns of prosecution and sentencing drive these inequalities. This article explores the geography of race in drug prosecutions by examining the role of neighborhood racial/ethnic and other demographic characteristics on sentencing outcomes for drug defendants in Sacramento, CA. We examine both the rate and length of sentences by block group. Specifically, we first estimate models for the number of prison, jail, and probation or fine sen

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Humphrey, Jamie, Megan Lindstrom, Kelsey Barton, et al. "Social and Environmental Neighborhood Typologies and Lung Function in a Low-Income, Urban Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (2019): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071133.

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Consensus is growing on the need to investigate the joint impact of neighborhood-level social factors and environmental hazards on respiratory health. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to empirically identify distinct neighborhood subtypes according to a clustering of social factors and environmental hazards, and to examine whether those subtypes are associated with lung function. The study included 182 low-income participants who were enrolled in the Colorado Home Energy Efficiency and Respiratory Health (CHEER) study during the years 2015–2017. Distinct neighborhood typologies we

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Besbris, Max, Jacob William Faber, and Patrick Sharkey. "Disentangling the Effects of Race and Place in Economic Transactions: Findings from an Online Field Experiment." City & Community 18, no. 2 (2019): 529–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12394.

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Scholarship on discrimination consistently shows that non–Whites are at a disadvantage in obtaining goods and services relative to Whites. To a lesser extent, recent work has asked whether or not place of residence may also affect individuals’ chances in economic markets. In this study, we use a field experiment in an online market for second–hand goods to examine transactional opportunities for White, Black, Asian, and Latino residents of both advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our results show that sellers prefer transactional partners who live in advantaged neighborhoods to those w

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Sampson, Robert J., Jeffrey D. Morenoff, and Felton Earls. "Beyond Social Capital: Spatial Dynamics of Collective Efficacy for Children." American Sociological Review 64, no. 5 (1999): 633–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312249906400501.

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We propose a theoretical framework on the structural sources and spatially embedded nature of three mechanisms that produce collective efficacy for children. Using survey data collected in 1995 from 8,782 Chicago residents, we examine variations in intergenerational closure, reciprocal local exchange, and shared expectations for informal social control across 342 neighborhoods. Adjusting for respondents’ attributes, we assess the effects of neighborhood characteristics measured in the 1990 census and the role of spatial interdependence. The results show that residential stability and concentra

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Millar, Roberto J. "Neighborhood Cohesion, Disorder, and Physical Function in Older Adults: An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 9 (2019): 1133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319890944.

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Objectives: This study examined the link between neighborhood social cohesion, disorder, and physical function in older adults, and identified potential racial/ethnic differences in these associations. Method: Data come from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS; N = 5,619). A series of linear regression models were used to predict physical function. Subgroup analyses and neighborhood/race interactions were used to examine differences. Results: Neighborhood disorder was associated with poorer physical function ( p < .05), while neighborhood cohesion was not ( p = .06). Although

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Klein, Sacha. "The Availability of Neighborhood Early Care and Education Resources and the Maltreatment of Young Children." Child Maltreatment 16, no. 4 (2011): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559511428801.

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Using Census and administrative data for 2052 Census tracts in a large urban county, this study explores the relationship between several indicators of social organization and neighborhood rates of child maltreatment for 0- to 5-year-olds. Spatial regression models demonstrate that neighborhoods with a higher percentage of 3- and 4-year-olds attending preschool or nursery school, both locally and in adjacent neighborhoods, had lower rates of early maltreatment referrals and substantiations. Neighborhoods with more licensed child care spaces relative to child care need, as defined by the number

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Bockmeyer, Janice. "Social Cities and Social Inclusion: Assessing the Role of Turkish Residents in Building the New Berlin." German Politics and Society 24, no. 4 (2006): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2006.240402.

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Both Berlin and the European Union are transformed by global migration trends that are creating extraordinary ethnic diversity. Social inclusion is now one of the top priorities of the EU's URBAN II program. Berlin's Social Cities/Neighborhood Management program stands at the vortex of joint EU, German and city-state efforts to achieve social inclusion in low-income, ethnically diverse communities. This article assesses the impact of Social Cities/Neighborhood Management on inclusion for Berlin's large Turkish minority in two immigrant neighborhoods. It focuses particularly on the level of inc

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Krivo, Lauren J., María B. Vélez, Christopher J. Lyons, Jason B. Phillips, and Elizabeth Sabbath. "RACE, CRIME, AND THE CHANGING FORTUNES OF URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS, 1999–2013." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 15, no. 1 (2018): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000103.

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AbstractFor over a century, scholars have traced higher levels of serious crime in minority compared to White neighborhoods to stark socioeconomic inequality. Yet, this research is largely cross-sectional and does not assess how ethnoracial differences in crime patterns evolve over time in response to shifting structural conditions. The new century witnessed substantial changes to the circumstances that undergird the ethnoracial divide in neighborhood crime as well as a national crime decline. How are the changing dynamics of urban inequality reinforcing or diminishing racial and ethnic dispar

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Ng, Yee To, Elizabeth Munoz, and Markus Schafer. "Where We Live Matters: Residential Influences on Health and Well-Being." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2242.

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Abstract Growing evidence indicates that residential contexts are implicated in the health and well-being of older adults. Operationalization of these contexts varies and includes psychosocial, physical and socioeconomic neighborhoods, and more proximal contexts (e.g., home environment). We aim to bring together a diverse set of papers focused on the living environment to understand how contextual factors are associated with individual outcomes. Muñoz and colleagues applied a lifespan perspective by evaluating associations between current and childhood neighborhood perceptions on cognitive hea

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Timberlake, Jeffrey M. "Separate, But How Unequal? Ethnic Residential Stratification, 1980 to 1990." City & Community 1, no. 3 (2002): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00022.

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Much recent scholarship has focused on inequality in the socioeconomic status of neighborhoods in which different racial and ethnic groups are concentrated. However, the most widely used measures of residential inequality merely describe the extent to which groups are nominally differentiated in residential space. I use 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census data to calculate levels of and changes in residential stratification—the degree to which members of one group tend to live in more advantaged neighborhoods than members of another group—between whites and blacks, Latinos, and Asians. Results both conf

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Gaston, Symielle, Jesse Wilkerson, Nat MacNell, W. Braxton Jackson, and Chandra Jackson. "0233 Racial/ethnic Residential Segregation - a Component of Structural Racism - and Sleep Health by Neighborhood-level Poverty." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (2023): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0233.

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Abstract Introduction Racial/ethnic residential segregation may contribute to sleep disparities by concentrating poverty and impairing sleep among minoritized groups. Yet, due to racism, equitable access to sleep-promoting resources may not occur in integrated neighborhoods. Further, social/cultural factors within ethnic enclaves could be protective. Methods To investigate whether relationships between racial/ethnic residential segregation and sleep vary by census tract-level poverty among US adults, we linked nationally-representative National Health Interview Survey data (2011-2017) to 2012

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Kuppinger, Petra. "A Neighborhood Shopping Street and the Making of Urban Cultures and Economies in Germany." City & Community 13, no. 2 (2014): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12064.

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This paper examines the cultural, social, and economic contributions of multi–ethnic neighborhood businesses to the transformation of German cityscapes. The diversity on N–Street in Stuttgart has been at the forefront of urban transformations and cultural production. I show that neighborhood stores and shopping streets are sites of urban experiments and cultural beginnings which produce new authenticities in the face of rapid urban homogenization. Combining theoretical debates about urban “authenticities,” the creative potential of immigrant neighborhoods, and ethnic/cross–cultural economies,

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Showell, Nakiya N., Katie Washington Cole, Katherine Johnson, Lisa Ross DeCamp, Megan Bair-Merritt, and Rachel L. J. Thornton. "Neighborhood and Parental Influences on Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors in Young Low-Income Pediatric Patients." Clinical Pediatrics 56, no. 13 (2016): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816684599.

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This study explores the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and caregiver preferences for establishing diet and physical activity behaviors among low-income African American and Hispanic young children (2-5 years). Primary caregivers of young children were recruited from 2 urban pediatric clinics to participate in focus groups (n = 33). Thematic analysis of transcripts identified 3 themes: neighborhood constraints on desired behaviors, caregivers’ strategies in response to neighborhoods, and caregivers’ sense of agency in the face of neighborhood constraints. This study elucidate

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Bunel, Mathieu, Samuel Gorohouna, Yannick L’Horty, Pascale Petit, and Catherine Ris. "Ethnic Discrimination in the Rental Housing Market: An Experiment in New Caledonia." International Regional Science Review 42, no. 1 (2017): 65–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017617739065.

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This study focuses on the links between ethnic discrimination, housing discrimination, and the ethnic composition of neighborhoods at a specific spatial level, that of the city quarter. Our goal is to determine whether discrimination exacerbates residential segregation. We measure discrimination and access to housing in Greater Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, by ethnic background, distinguishing between the people of Kanak (the indigenous people) and those of European descent. Between October 2015 and February 2016, four applicants individually responded to 342 real-estate rental ads, ma

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