Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ethnic Studies

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ethnic Studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethnic Studies"

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Goldstein-Shirley, David Steven. "American Ethnic Studies, or American Studies vs. Ethnic Studies?" American Quarterly 54, no. 4 (2002): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2002.0042.

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Lutz, Christopher. "Inter-Ethnic Studies." Americas 54, no. 2 (October 1997): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500026043.

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Sueyoshi, Amy, and Sutee Sujitparapitaya. "Why Ethnic Studies." Ethnic Studies Review 43, no. 3 (2020): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2020.43.3.86.

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While the United States wrestles with a college completion crisis, the Division of Institutional Research at San Francisco State University found a high correlation between Ethnic Studies curriculum and increased student retention and graduation rates. Majors and minors in the College of Ethnic Studies graduated within six years at rates up to 92%. Those who were neither majors nor minors in Ethnic Studies also boosted their graduation rates by up to 72% by taking just a few courses in Africana Studies, American Indian Studies, Asian American Studies, Latina/Latino Studies, or Race and Resistance Studies. Faculty in the College of Ethnic Studies demonstrated significant levels of high impact instruction in the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and senior exit surveys as compared with their colleagues across the university.
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Morahg, Gilead. "Are Jewish Studies Ethnic Studies?" Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 9, no. 4 (1991): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.1991.0052.

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Pellow, David N. "Environmental Studies and Ethnic Studies." Ethnic Studies Review 43, no. 2 (2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2020.43.2.9.

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This article offers insights into conceptual, pedagogical, and programmatic crossings and conflicts between the fields of Environmental Studies and Ethnic Studies. It highlights both the important intersections between the two fields and their potential value, while also addressing the challenges posed in the development of programmatic collaborations. Utilizing case studies drawn from the author’s own experiences, the article’s focus is on harnessing the strengths and limitations of both fields to promote transformative knowledge and action at multiple scales.
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Butler, Johnnella, and Betty Schmitz. "Ethnic Studies, Women's Studies, and Multiculturalism." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 24, no. 1 (February 1992): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1992.9937701.

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Prashad, Vijay. "Ethnic Studies Inside Out." Journal of Asian American Studies 9, no. 2 (2006): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2006.0017.

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Nick Mitchell. "(Critical Ethnic Studies) Intellectual." Critical Ethnic Studies 1, no. 1 (2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/jcritethnstud.1.1.0086.

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Campbell, Malik, Kelly De Leon, Martha D. Escobar, Dezzerie González, Guadalupe Granados, Carla Martínez, Diego Paniagua, Rocio Rivera-Murillo, and Tracy M. Sadek. "Ethnic Studies as Praxis." Ethnic Studies Review 42, no. 2 (2019): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2019.42.2.131.

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The authors provide a collective counter-narrative of the movement at California State University, Northridge (CSUN) to resist educational policies that have negative implications for students, particularly students of color, and threaten Ethnic Studies, Gender and Women’s Studies, and Queer Studies. The authors contextualize the movement that erupted in the fall of 2017 at CSUN within the struggles of the 1960s to transform higher education by establishing Ethnic Studies. Drawing from Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and Critical Race Theory in education, the authors maintain that, in its best iterations, Ethnic Studies is praxis that empowers communities to create transformative social change.
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Díaz, Jazz. "Art and Ethnic Studies." Ethnic Studies Review 42, no. 2 (2019): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2019.42.2.173.

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Jazz Díaz is an activist artist (artivist) who combines Art and Ethnic Studies. She describes her political consciousness and decolonizing process in navigating Western-centric art spaces. She highlights critical themes that her artwork addresses, and the essay includes examples of her work.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethnic Studies"

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Neilson, Joy. "Milwaukee's ethnic festivals| Creating ethnic-American heritage for urban ethnic tourism." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588839.

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Ethnic identity is dynamic social construction. Ethnic groups define and display their heritage to meet the social, economic, and political interests of the group. Tourism is one outlet for ethnic groups to express their identity while stimulating local economies. Ethnic tourism is becoming more popular in urban settings, as municipal governments attempt to compete for tourism income and establish a unique brand. Placing ethnic tourism within an urban setting creates additional layers of complexity that have the potential to alter the way ethnic groups interact and are perceived by locals and visitors. Tourism involves the construction of expectations through deliberate representation. When the object of expectation is an ethnic or minority group, the creation of symbols to enhance the exotic appeal can have unintended consequences for the performance of ethnicity within urban structures. This paper attempts to document the effects of urban ethnic tourism on the ethnic group that is the subject of tourism by applying a new framework for urban ethnic tourism to the ethnic festivals of Milwaukee, WI.

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LaFleur, Verna V. "Acculturation, social support, and self-esteem as predictors of mental health among foreign students: A study of Nigerian nursing students." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/775.

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Nigerians are an integral part of the nursing profession, yet there is no literature on their common health risks, such as homesickness, isolation and suicide ideation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between lack of acculturation, social support, and self-esteem and mental health among Nigerian nursing students. Berry's model of acculturation was used which identifies individuals perception of self in relation to their ethnic culture and the host culture. A sample of 76 Nigerian nursing students enrolled in Baccalaureate nursing programs from 3 universities in the District of Columbia and Maryland participated in the study. Data were obtained using an online survey of 69 items assessing their acculturation, social support, self-esteem and their mental health. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Analysis of the data included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA. The final regression model revealed that acculturation, companionship construct of social support and self-esteem are predictors of mental health status as shown by the adjusted R squared (R2 = 0.638). Recommendations are for universities to commit to increasing acculturation, social support, and self-esteem among foreign students in an effort to decrease isolation and improve their mental health. It is also recommended that future studies should be conducted on social isolation of subcultures to improve acculturation and reduce incidence of low self-esteem among foreign students within the American society. The strategies would create positive social change for healthcare organizations and nurse educators, resulting in an increase of ethnic diverse nurses and reducing the shortage of nurses in the USA.
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Li, Wenfei. "Ethnic Broadcasting and Ethnic Relations: A Comparative Study between Canada and China." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28567.

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Ethnic broadcasting is a unique phenomenon of multiethnic countries that could reflect and influence a country's ethnic relations. This study examines the ethnic broadcasting policies and practices in Canada and China, to determine existing issues, and reflect on the countries' ethnic relations and ethnic policies. This thesis analyzes the ethnic broadcasting operations in the two countries comparatively through interpreting with critical lenses the data collected from government and university databases. This analysis is especially interested in the relationship between ethnic relations and the broadcasting media, between ethnic policies and broadcasting policies, and between ethnic politics and ethnic broadcasting content. Several issues in the two countries' ethnic policies and ethnic broadcasting operations are revealed through the comparative analysis, particularly the insufficiency of public broadcasting presence and governmental involvement in Canadian ethnic broadcasting, and the politicization of ethnic relations and ethnic broadcasting operations in China.
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Elfar, Yassmeen. "Ethnic Identity in Second-Generation Arab Americans." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10006605.

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The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation between ethnic identity and gender as well as the relationship between ethnic identity and one’s country of origin. The study participants (n=335) were recruited through the social media sites Facebook, Twitter, Linked In, and Reddit. Participants completed the 15-question Multigroup Ethnic Inventory Measure (MEIM) and a Demographic Questionnaire, all done completely online. It was hypothesized that participants’ level of ethnic identity as measured by MEIM scores would differ significantly between the genders. Furthermore, it was posited that participant’s level of ethnic identity would differ significantly between countries of origin. Both hypotheses were supported. Implications of the study findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Boikhutso, Keene. "Ethnic identity in a 'Homogeneous' Nation State." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7768.

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This thesis adopts a two thronged approach to explore the two components of the common wisdom in Botswana. Firstly, it tests the claim by the common wisdom that Botswana is inherently homogeneous. That 90% of the population either speaks Setswana or belongs to Setswana speaking tribes. Secondly, it tests the fact that this perceived homogeneity connect to the countryâs democratic, economic and political success. The study uses existing Afrobarometer survey data drawn from Rounds 1 (1999), 2 (2003) and 3 (2005) Afrobarometer survey data to test both claims about Botswanaâs homogeneity thesis. The findings of this study reveal that the first part of the common wisdom is confirmed especially when using language âspoken most at home.âHowever, it is disconfirmed when using âhome language.â It is also shown that when using tribe (a putatively objective) and social identity (a more subjective) dimension of ethnicity, the level of ethnic diversity in Botswana is much higher than the common wisdom suggests. This is more apparent when language and tribe are broken down according to district and rural-urban location. It seems that minority groups are distributed across and also concentrated in certain parts of the country. With regard to the second part of the common wisdom, the results point out that difference in language, tribe and social identity exist. However, these are not politicized and not aligned with key political factors of national identity, interpersonal trust, political participation, voting and government legitimacy. There are no important politically relevant cleavages structures in Botswana. This study concludes by proposing that, it may be this lack of politicization of identity, rather than the putative homogeneity of the country, that accounts for Botswanaâs record of development and democracy.
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Colon, Jennifer L. "Engaging Underserved Populations in Clinical Research Utilizing Conceptual Bioethical Priniciples." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/456863.

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Urban Bioethics
M.A.
Minority underrepresentation in clinical research is an ongoing dilemma that is an impediment to discovering the most innovative therapies for all patients. Additionally, the lack of engagement of underserved minority populations in clinical research limits these patients to traditional standard of care treatment, preventing the potential for innovative therapies clinical research may have to offer. Healthcare providers in underserved communities may struggle with a plethora of barriers they must strategize to overcome to increase access and awareness regarding clinical research for minority patients. Some of these barriers may include: mistrust, lack of awareness of clinical trials for minorities, socioeconomic issues, health literacy and education, and communication. These can be improved with planning, better trials for minorities, commitment to the community, and patient education.
Temple University--Theses
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McLaverty, Thomas Christopher. "The influence of culture on senior leaders as they seek to resolve ethical dilemmas at work solve ethical dilemmas at work." Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158555.

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This dissertation explores some of the difficulties that arise when using the cognitive development model to explain ethical behaviour in the world of work. An alternative theoretical position is explored, one that was originally developed in anthropology by Richard Shweder and Jonathan Haidt. This position asserts that ethical behaviour is not universal, it is instead highly contextual and may be influenced by both organisational and ethnic/national culture. The influence of culture on ethical behaviour is explored using narrative research techniques. The research is based on thirty in depth interviews with senior executives who frequently faced ethical dilemmas at work. Interviewees represented a number of diverse cultural backgrounds (including British, Dutch, US, Indian, Saudi, Colombian and Brazilian) and a number of strong organisation cultures. The conclusions emphasize the importance of personal networks as a resource for resolving ethical dilemmas and the importance of different cultural approaches to managing power relations within personal networks. The conclusions question both the current and future role of compliance functions in global corporations and the effectiveness of leadership development and staff training in the field of values and ethics

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Rajiva, Mythili. "Identity and politics, second generation ethnic women in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20946.pdf.

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Fawaz, Ahmed M. Abdel Hafez. "Opportunity, ethnic identity and resources in ethnic mobilisation : the cases of the Kurds in Iraq and the Abkhaz in Georgia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1919.

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The cases of the Kurds in Iraq and the Abkhaz in Georgia were chosen to illustrate how ethnic entrepreneurs play a crucial role in the ethnic mobilisation process. The study argues that in both cases a combination of variables was at work. These cases seem unlikely comparisons at first. The primary challenge appeared to be dealing with cases that involve different contexts and identities. However, in both cases entrepreneurs exploited an appropriate domestic environment to start the process and they perceived the opportunities provided by external intervention and the state’s policy towards their groups as incentives. Choosing the intermediate variables depends on the understanding that each one provides part of the explanation. Political opportunity structure directs the attention to the cost-benefit analyses of ethnic entrepreneurs and their perceptions of the available opportunity. Ethnic identity politicisation illustrates the role of ethnic entrepreneurs in choosing and activating identities. Finally, resource mobilisation is essential in conflict as any conflict requires resources that are consumed throughout its various stages. These resources are also used by ethnic entrepreneurs to reward their followers and guarantee loyalty, or sometimes to provide material incentives to reassure those unconvinced of the movement's potential success against the central authorities.
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Blackwell, Tierra N. "Assessment of Childhood Racial-Ethnic Identity." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1343308831.

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Books on the topic "Ethnic Studies"

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1945-, Okihiro Gary Y., ed. Ethnic studies. New York: M. Wiener Pub., 1989.

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1932-, Perry Robert L., and Ashcraft-Eason Lillian, eds. Inside ethnic America: An ethnic studies reader. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1996.

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Lowy, Richard. Introduction to ethnic studies. 2nd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 2009.

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Lowy, Richard. Introduction to ethnic studies. 2nd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 2009.

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Lowy, Richard. Introduction to ethnic studies. 2nd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 2009.

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Brian, Baker, ed. Introduction to ethnic studies. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 2004.

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1948-, Ward Christopher R., ed. Ethnic studies and multiculturalism. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996.

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S, Szczepański Marek, ed. Ethnic minorities & ethnic majority: Sociological studies of ethnic relations in Poland. Katowice: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 1997.

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Alvarez, José Hernández. Revolutionary peace through ethnic studies. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co, 2004.

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Banks, James A. Teaching strategies for ethnic studies. 8th ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ethnic Studies"

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Lyman, Stanford M., and Lester Embree. "Ethnic Studies." In Contributions to Phenomenology, 194–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_44.

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Scapp, Ron. "Ethnic Studies." In A Companion to Literary Theory, 302–13. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118958933.ch24.

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Kaufman, Stuart J. "Ethnic conflict." In Security Studies, 380–94. Third edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228358-26.

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Kaufman, Stuart J. "Ethnic Conflict." In Security Studies, 422–37. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247821-30.

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Hoefflin, Steven M. "Detailed Representative Case Studies." In Ethnic Rhinoplasty, 125–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1646-9_9.

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Bedell, Briones, Beatrice Conti, Louis Gosart, Ulia Gosart, Madhumita Gopal, and Isabella Samutin. "Ethnic Violence." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_42-1.

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Bedell, Briones, Beatrice Conti, Louis Gosart, Ulia Gosart, Madhumita Gopal, and Isabella Samutin. "Ethnic Violence." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 487–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74319-6_42.

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"Ethnic Conflict." In Security Studies, 286–300. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203122570-28.

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"Ethnic Adaptation." In Ethnic Studies, 77–94. SUNY Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780791493113-009.

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"Ethnic Prejudice." In Ethnic Studies, 115–30. SUNY Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780791493113-011.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ethnic Studies"

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Kolluri, Suneal. "Enacting Ethnic Studies: Tensions That Emerge in Developing Ethnic Studies Curriculum." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1884616.

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Zhang, Yifeng, and Liman Zhang. "Expression in Ethnic Architecture of Hohhot." In The Asian Conference on Asian Studies 2021. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2187-4735.2021.7.

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Dominguez, Michael. "Ethnic Studies Mandates: What Could Go Wrong?" In 2023 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2015925.

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Diaz-Montejano, Sara. "Critical Ethnic Studies, Social Foundations, and Teacher Education." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1895363.

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Karomani, Ida Nurhaida, and Andi Windah. "Designing Inter-Ethnic Communication Model in Hospitality Industry." In 2nd International Indonesia Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (IICIS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211206.015.

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Montano, Theresa. "Chicanx Studies and the Movement for Ethnic Studies in California Voices of Chicanx Studies Educators." In 2023 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2018474.

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Nirwana, Herman, and Tesi Hermaleni. "Factors That Contribute to the Subjective Well Being of Minang Ethnic Family Adolescents." In International Conference on Psychological Studies. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010810600003347.

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Cox, Chris. "Ethnic Studies, Neoliberalism, and the California State University System." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1588403.

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Garcia, Nichole. "College Student Experiences: Healing and Power Through Ethnic Studies." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1893124.

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Blalock, Nicole. "Across California Native Landscapes: Responsibility Imbued Ethnic Studies Curriculum." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1890513.

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Reports on the topic "Ethnic Studies"

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Berggren, Erik, ed. Master in Ethnic & Migration Studies: Migration from Ukraine. Linköping University Electronic Press, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179295103.

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This report is made by students at the International Master’s Programme in Ethnic and Migration Studies (EMS), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University (LiU). Every Spring we give the first-year students the task to apply their knowledge in migration and ethnic relations on a chosen topic. The report is produced during few weeks by the students themselves. This is the sixth issue of REMS – Reports from the Master of Arts program in Ethnic and Migration Studies. This year we focus on the ongoing war in Ukraine and specifically its consequences for Ukrainian refugees fleeing the war, as well as on the Swedish and European reception of refugees. We cover far from all, but some important, aspects of the ongoing catastrophe this war entails for everybody involved. Despite a feeling of powerlessness and despair when war takes over and seem to block our capacity to think and act, it is even more important that intellectuals, researchers, and students, stick to the pens and insist on trying to understand, continue to analyse and investigate what is going on.
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Dee, Thomas, and Emily Penner. The Causal Effects of Cultural Relevance: Evidence from an Ethnic Studies Curriculum. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21865.

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Lamina, Toyin, Hamdi I. Abdi, Kathryn Behrens, Kathleen Call, Amy M. Claussen, Janette Dill, Stuart W. Grande, et al. Strategies To Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare: An Evidence Map. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb46.

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Background. Racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare continue to endure in the United States despite efforts in research, practice, and policy. Interventions targeted at patients, clinicians, and/or health systems may offer ways to address disparities and improve health outcomes in prevention/treatment of chronic conditions in adults. Purpose. This evidence map identifies existing interventions to be considered for implementation by healthcare system leaders and policymakers, and to inform researchers and funding agencies on gaps in knowledge and research needs. Methods. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus from January 2017 through April 2023 for U.S.-based studies from the peer-reviewed published literature. We incorporated supplementary information from systematic reviews. We supplemented this with the gray literature, when available, from pertinent organizations, foundations, and institutes. We held discussions with Key Informants who represented stakeholders in healthcare disparities. Findings. A vast and varied literature addresses healthcare system interventions to reduce racial and ethnic health and healthcare disparities. We identified 163 unique studies from 174 reports, and 12 intervention types not mutually exclusive in their descriptions. The most studied intervention type was self-management support, followed by prevention/lifestyle support, then patient navigation, care coordination, and system level quality improvement (QI). Most of the interventions specifically targeted patient behaviors. Few studies (5) used a comparator, which made it difficult to determine whether disparities between groups were reduced or eliminated. Most of the studies (45%) included multiple race/ethnic groups (i.e., enrolled participants from more than one racially/ethnically minoritized group or enrolled racially minoritized people and non-minoritized groups). We found few studies that exclusively enrolled Asians (6%) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (1%). Cancer was the most studied chronic condition. Randomized controlled trials were common; but less rigorous study designs were often used for system level quality improvement (QI) and collaborative care model interventions. Few studies reported patient experience as primary outcomes. Studies did not report on harms or adverse events and nor did they report on factors necessary for determining applicability or sustainability of the interventions. A number of studies reported on cultural adaptation or community involvement (either partnership or collaboration). Future studies should seek to standardize the terms in which they describe interventions and aim to specifically address whether disparities between groups are reduced or eliminated. Nonetheless, this evidence map provides a resource for health systems to identify intervention approaches that have been examined elsewhere and that might be imported or adapted to new situations and environments.
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Aziz, Md Abdul, Tahmina Akter, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam. Effect of miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism on cancer susceptibility: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0027.

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Review question / Objective: MiR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism has been studied in a wide range of cancers throughout the years. Despite a large number of epidemiological studies performed in almost all ethnic populations, the contribution of this polymorphism in cancer risk is still inconclusive. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis was performed to estimate a meticulous correlation between miR-196a2 rs11614913 variant and cancer susceptibility. Condition being studied: Different types of cancer patients and healthy controls were evaluated to detect the cancer risk in the individual case-control studies. We performed a meta analysis of these case control studies to get a pulled outcome risk.
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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Emilia Flores, Christopher Jepson, Jaya Aysola, Jordana Cohen, Michael Harhay, et al. Impact of Healthcare Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer268.

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Objectives. To examine the evidence on whether and how healthcare algorithms (including algorithm-informed decision tools) exacerbate, perpetuate, or reduce racial and ethnic disparities in access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes, and examine strategies that mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development and use of algorithms. Data sources. We searched published and grey literature for relevant studies published between January 2011 and February 2023. Based on expert guidance, we determined that earlier articles are unlikely to reflect current algorithms. We also hand-searched reference lists of relevant studies and reviewed suggestions from experts and stakeholders. Review methods. Searches identified 11,500 unique records. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we screened and selected studies to assess one or both Key Questions (KQs): (1) the effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare outcomes and (2) the effect of strategies or approaches to mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development, validation, dissemination, and implementation of algorithms. Outcomes of interest included access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes. We assessed studies’ methodologic risk of bias (ROB) using the ROBINS-I tool and piloted an appraisal supplement to assess racial and ethnic equity-related ROB. We completed a narrative synthesis and cataloged study characteristics and outcome data. We also examined four Contextual Questions (CQs) designed to explore the context and capture insights on practical aspects of potential algorithmic bias. CQ 1 examines the problem’s scope within healthcare. CQ 2 describes recently emerging standards and guidance on how racial and ethnic bias can be prevented or mitigated during algorithm development and deployment. CQ 3 explores stakeholder awareness and perspectives about the interaction of algorithms and racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare. We addressed these CQs through supplemental literature reviews and conversations with experts and key stakeholders. For CQ 4, we conducted an in-depth analysis of a sample of six algorithms that have not been widely evaluated before in the published literature to better understand how their design and implementation might contribute to disparities. Results. Fifty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, of which three were included for both KQs. One study was a randomized controlled trial, and all others used cohort, pre-post, or modeling approaches. The studies included numerous types of clinical assessments: need for intensive care or high-risk care management; measurement of kidney or lung function; suitability for kidney or lung transplant; risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung cancer, prostate cancer, postpartum depression, or opioid misuse; and warfarin dosing. We found evidence suggesting that algorithms may: (a) reduce disparities (i.e., revised Kidney Allocation System, prostate cancer screening tools); (b) perpetuate or exacerbate disparities (e.g., estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] for kidney function measurement, cardiovascular disease risk assessments); and/or (c) have no effect on racial or ethnic disparities. Algorithms for which mitigation strategies were identified are included in KQ 2. We identified six types of strategies often used to mitigate the potential of algorithms to contribute to disparities: removing an input variable; replacing a variable; adding one or more variables; changing or diversifying the racial and ethnic composition of the patient population used to train or validate a model; creating separate algorithms or thresholds for different populations; and modifying the statistical or analytic techniques used by an algorithm. Most mitigation efforts improved proximal outcomes (e.g., algorithmic calibration) for targeted populations, but it is more challenging to infer or extrapolate effects on longer term outcomes, such as racial and ethnic disparities. The scope of racial and ethnic bias related to algorithms and their application is difficult to quantify, but it clearly extends across the spectrum of medicine. Regulatory, professional, and corporate stakeholders are undertaking numerous efforts to develop standards for algorithms, often emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and representativeness. Conclusions. Algorithms have been shown to potentially perpetuate, exacerbate, and sometimes reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Disparities were reduced when race and ethnicity were incorporated into an algorithm to intentionally tackle known racial and ethnic disparities in resource allocation (e.g., kidney transplant allocation) or disparities in care (e.g., prostate cancer screening that historically led to Black men receiving more low-yield biopsies). It is important to note that in such cases the rationale for using race and ethnicity was clearly delineated and did not conflate race and ethnicity with ancestry and/or genetic predisposition. However, when algorithms include race and ethnicity without clear rationale, they may perpetuate the incorrect notion that race is a biologic construct and contribute to disparities. Finally, some algorithms may reduce or perpetuate disparities without containing race and ethnicity as an input. Several modeling studies showed that applying algorithms out of context of original development (e.g., illness severity scores used for crisis standards of care) could perpetuate or exacerbate disparities. On the other hand, algorithms may also reduce disparities by standardizing care and reducing opportunities for implicit bias (e.g., Lung Allocation Score for lung transplantation). Several mitigation strategies have been shown to potentially reduce the contribution of algorithms to racial and ethnic disparities. Results of mitigation efforts are highly context specific, relating to unique combinations of algorithm, clinical condition, population, setting, and outcomes. Important future steps include increasing transparency in algorithm development and implementation, increasing diversity of research and leadership teams, engaging diverse patient and community groups in the development to implementation lifecycle, promoting stakeholder awareness (including patients) of potential algorithmic risk, and investing in further research to assess the real-world effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities before widespread implementation.
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6

Heckman, Stuart. Understanding insurance decisions: A review of risk management decision making, risk literacy, and racial/ethnic differences. Center for Insurance Policy and Research, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52227/26712.2024.

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The racial/ethnic wealth gap is a stunning feature of U.S. household finances. Although the causes of the gap are complex, it is important that researchers investigate disparities between racial/ethnic groups in household financial management areas. We posit that first understanding insurance decisions as a critical component of overall household financial management is an important avenue for further understanding factors that may perpetuate or reduce the racial wealth gap. Moreover, risk management, including the purchase and use of insurance products, is a key yet challenging area for household financial management. Therefore, this literature review focuses on research relevant to three main questions: 1) How do consumers make risk management decisions? 2) What key skills are required to make risk management decisions (with a focus on literacy and numeracy skills)? 3) Do these skills vary between racial/ethnic groups? Regarding the first question, we find that consumers are prone to errors when making decisions involving risk, but research shows that decisions can be improved. Skilled Decision Theory (SDT) highlights that cognitive ability plays less of a central role in decision-making and that decision-making is more of an acquired skill. Consequently, learning comprehension and confidence play a crucial role in the decision-making process. In terms of the second question and the skills needed to make appropriate risk management decisions, the literature suggests that insurance literacy, not necessarily financial literacy, as well as numeracy skills are likely to be critical prerequisites to good insurance choices. In particular, the importance of statistical numeracy in decision-making cannot be overstated. Finally for our third question, our review indicates that there is a relatively limited number of available studies focusing on racial/ethnic differences in risk management decisions and skills. While some studies find differences between racial/ethnic groups in various measures of financial literacy, the findings are overall mixed and, therefore, inconclusive. Researchers should verify if there are, in fact, differences or if the differences are due to other factors that vary by racial/ethnic category.
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7

Berggren, Erik, ed. Migration and democracy. Linköping University Electronic Press, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180753036.

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This report is made by students at the International Master’s Programme in Ethnic and Migration Studies (EMS), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University (LiU). At the end of the first year of the Programme, students take the course “Critical Cases in Ethnic and Migration Studies” with Erik Berggren as Course Coor­dinator. In this course the students apply their knowl­edge and experiences in Ethnic and Migration studies to produce their own articles on a given theme. This year´s theme is “Migration and Democracy” sparked by recent moves towards more restrictive and punitive migration policies around the world, including Sweden. This development gives reasons to look into questions of democracy in connection to migration policy, at migrants (immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers) inclusion or exclusion from different realms of society, and, not least, if migrants, and immigrants, are seen as rights-bearing subjects or not. The articles engage with different aspects of migrant experiences, and democratic, social, and educational exclusions or inclusions. Many texts go beyond Sweden and Europe and look to South America. Some seek the voices of migrants themselves. Other articles deal with anti-immigrant policies and rhetoric, their structure and how they are rationalised. The International Master’s Programme in Ethnic and Migration Studies is a part of the Institute for Research in Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO), at the Department Culture and Society (IKOS) at LiU. Pro­gramme Director is Professor Claudia Tatzreiter. REME­SO is an international institute that pursues research and education. The REMS report is one of the ways in which we, as students, are trained to identify and analyse problems related to migration, integration, and diversity and to make research and education accessible to a wider audience. The first-year students of EMS, 2023.
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TITOVA, E. HISTORIOGRAPHIC REVIEW ON THE TOPIC OF THE STUDY OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-34-53.

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The article provides an overview of scientific research on the study of migration processes in the Far Eastern regions. The problems of migration, the state mechanism for regulating migration issues, and the peculiarities of interethnic interactions are very topical topics not only at the regional, but also at the national level. In the Russian Federation, studies on these topics have appeared relatively recently. Due to the fact that at the end of the 20th century there was a surge in the ethnic self-awareness of the peoples of the country, together with the intensification of socio-economic transformation processes, there are sharp, often radical, changes in the field of interethnic interactions, in particular, the growth of armed interethnic conflicts, an increase in migration outflows or inflows. etc. Modern scientific research in the field of migration processes is practice-oriented, that is, they are aimed at the implementation of narrow applied problems, there is also an increase in the accumulation of an updated extensive theoretical and methodological base. In particular, studies, for example, concerning the topic of interethnic interactions, are directly related to the topic of ethnic tolerance, which has also become very popular and in demand in the last decade for specialists from various scientific fields - psychologists, ethnographers, lawyers, etc.
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Sultan, Sadiqa, Maryam Kanwer, and Jaffer Mirza. A Multi-layered Minority: Hazara Shia Women in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2020.011.

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Shia account for approximately 10–15 per cent of the Muslim population in Pakistan, which has a largely Sunni Muslim population. Anti-Shia violence, led by extremist militant groups, dates to 1979 and has resulted in thousands killed and injured in terrorist attacks over the years. Hazara Shia, who are both an ethnic and a religious minority, make an easy target for extremist groups as they are physically distinctive. The majority live in Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan in central Pakistan, where they have become largely ghettoised into two areas as result of ongoing attacks. Studies on the Hazara Shia persecution have mostly focused on the killings of Hazara men and paid little attention to the nature and impact of religious persecution of Shias on Hazara women. Poor Hazara women in particular face multi-layered marginalisation, due to the intersection of their gender, religious-ethnic affiliation and class, and face limited opportunities in education and jobs, restricted mobility, mental and psychological health issues, and gender-based discrimination.
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10

Berggren, Erik. Migration and Culture. Linköping University Electronic Press, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180757638.

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This report is written by students in the Ethnic and Migration Studies Master’s Programme, part of the Research Institute in Migration, Ethnicity, and Society (REMESO) at Linköping University, based on the Norrköping campus. REMESO is an internationally renowned institute that pursues research in migration and ethnic relations. The Master’s Programme is highly sought after, with students coming from all over the world to attend. Their interest in how migration transforms the world and how it influences other social phenomena has fuelled their work in this publication. In their first year of studies, students take the course Critical Cases in Ethnic and Migration Studies, led by Erik Berggren as course coordinator and Kenna Sim-Sarka. The course is designed for students to apply the theoretical knowledge and experiences gained throughout the first year’s courses to produce articles beyond an academic audience for the broader public. Each REMS report is based around a specific theme, with previous themes including migration and Covid-19, migration and Ukraine, and migration and democracy. The REMS report is one of the many ways in which we, as students, are trained to identify and analyse issues related to migration, integration, and diversity and to make research accessible to a wider audience. This year’s overarching theme is Migration and Culture, sparked by recent developments in Sweden’s and Norrköping’s politics of decreasing and cutting funds for cultural activities. Arts and culture are both areas of expression for migrant communities and people on the move, as well as those fighting against racism, discrimination, and exclusion. The current debate on “Swedish culture” and on a “Swedish cultural canon” recalls monolithic understandings of culture as a natural and immutable construct, contributing to the polarisation of views rather than the multiplication of perspectives and conceptions of it. Like culture, which can be visualised as a tapestry created from different threads, different contributions, woven together to form something complex, this report is also a collection of varied articles, united by a common theme. Some articles in this report look at the accessibility of culture in Sweden and its transmission through all kinds of mediums, such as TV programmes; others engage artists or “social artists” who care about issues like migration and the fight against racism and discrimination, and some focus on specific aspects of culture and arts, such as language, food, and music. The first-year students of EMS, 2024.
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