Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethnicité – Territoires du Nord-Ouest'
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Lavigne, Julie. "Construction et réception de l'identité franco-ténoise : étude exploratoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17827.
Full textNonat, Laure. "Monde funéraire de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen de la façade nord de l'Espagne jusqu'au sud-ouest de la France : identités et espaces." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1036/document.
Full textThis doctoral work to highlight the relevance of the - atlantic cultural complex - concept, spanning the ancient and middle Bronze age, based on the analysis of funeral manifestations documented throughout Northern Spain and South-Western France. The choice to study regions which remain less visible with respect to the available documentation on the atlantic domain, as a point of reference for this research, was done in order to acknowledge their individual value and to understand the relationships between these regions and with those of the continental iberian domain. Data for the meridional atlantic zone has considerably expanded over the past thirty years, thanks to the development of preventive archaeological activities, thus enabling the contextualisation of data from past explorations. The main objective of this research is to characterise the funeral finalities and furniture used by people in this area, in order to define and delimit different cultural groups. In order to do this we used a double-scale for analysis : a micro-scale centered on Galicia and the Adour basin, and a macro-scale encompassing the central and east-central front of atlantic Iberia. The first scale allowed us to analyse the data in a very exhaustive manner, integrating brand-new data, whereas with the second scale, which is much more global and synthetic, we established a general and critical panorama of the data for the cantabrian and Basque regions of Spain. The combination of these two approaches allows us to establish a variety of comparisons on the documentation about these areas, and to identify many convergences, especially with regards to material culture that had not been addressed when constructing the Atlantic Bronze concept. This includes pottery items, as well as a certain immobilism on behalf of the atlantic regions in response to the Meseta cultures. These elements, along with funeral changes that occurred between the ancient and middle Bronze age allow us to characterise what can be considered as the common atlantic dynamics. Lastly, our database of over 260 sites, raises the question of what factors might have caused the composition of the various different cultural groups in the area, emphasizing the role played by exterior influences, local substrates and topographical obstacles
Ese trabajo de doctorado pretende valorar la pertinencia del concepto del - complejo cultural atlántico -, para los periodos del Bronce antiguo y medio, mediante el análisis de las manifestaciones funerarias documentadas de la fachada norte de España hasta el suroeste de Francia. Hemos elegido para esta reflexión el estudio de las regiones menos visibles de la documentación del ámbito atlántico con el fin, por una parte, de valorar cada una de ellas individualmente, y por otra, de comprender los tipos de relaciones que mantenían entre ellas, pero también, con las del ámbito continental Ibérico. Sobre ese espacio meridional atlántico, los datos se incrementaron de forma significativa estos últimos treinta años, gracias al desarrollo de la actividad arqueológica preventiva, y permiten, por lo tanto, contextualizar las que provienen de las antiguas exploraciones. Nuestro objetivo consiste en caracterizar las soluciones funerarias así como los mobiliarios que han sido adoptados, para definir y delimitar los grupos culturales presentes en ese espacio. Para eso, hemos procesado a una doble escala de análisis: - una micro-escala centrada sobre Galicia y la cuenca del Adour, y una macro-escala, sobre las regiones centrales y orientales de la fachada atlántica Ibérica. La primera escala nos permite analizar la documentación de forma exhaustiva, integrando datos inéditos a nuestro discurso, mientras que, con la segunda, global y sintética, establecemos un panorama general y crítico de Asturias, Cantabria y del País Vasco. La combinación de estos dos tipos de enfoques nos permite efectuar unas variadas comparaciones sobre la documentación de esos espacios e identificar numerosas convergencias, en particular en relación con aspectos de la cultura material que no habían sido tratados cuando el concepto del Bronce Atlántico nació. Estas implican, especialmente, los recipientes cerámicos, pero también la respuesta unánime de las regiones atlánticas hacia las culturas de la Meseta: la del inmovilismo. Esos elementos, así como los cambios funerarios que se operan entre el Bronce antiguo y el Bronce medio, nos permite caracterizar lo que conviene considerar como una dinámica atlántica común. Por fin, nuestra base documental, constituida por más de 260 yacimientos, nos lleva a abordar la cuestión de los factores que han estado en el origen de la constitución de los grupos culturales, múltiples, de este espacio, valorizando el papel de las influencias exteriores, de los substratos locales, así como de los obstáculos topográficos dominantes del paisaje
Forbras, Anne-Sophie Bruyelle Pierre. "Recompositions des territoires le pays minier centre-ouest du Nord-Pas-de-Calais /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace.
Full textForbras, Anne-Sophie. "Recompositions des territoires : le pays minier centre-ouest du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-27-28.pdf.
Full textMercier, Alain L. "L'historique du quaternaire supérieur du bassin de la rivière Richardson, Territoires du nord-ouest." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5122.
Full textLamirande, Iannick. "La météorisation des grès des terrasses de Bug Creek, Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9136.
Full textRousseau, Louis-Pascal. "Étude sur les frontières identitaires des collectivités métisses au Canada depuis leur émergence jusqu'à aujourd'hui." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17845.
Full textCôté, Mélanie. "Dynamique d’un glissement de terrain et la reconstruction de sa chronologie près de la ville de Fort McPherson, Territoires du Nord-Ouest." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20086.
Full textLévesque, Roxane, and Roxane Lévesque. "L'analyse spatiale des restes fauniques d'un site d'habitation des Inuits du Cuivre, au XIXe siècle, sur l'île Banks (T.N.O.), Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37740.
Full textCe mémoire examine les modèles de distribution de nourriture et d’échange réciproque des Inuits du Cuivre à travers l’analyse spatiale de restes fauniques, principalement des sections de bœufs musqués (Ovibos moschatus). La collection ostéologique du site de Kuptana (PjRa-18), excavée au début des années 1980 par Clifford Hickey, a été utilisé afin d’identifier des preuves des pratiques de partage. En raison de sa diversité taxonomique limitée et du degré de préservation des ossements, le site de Kuptana a été jugé comme un contexte parfait pour identifier les modèles de partage de nourriture grâce aux techniques de remontage des os et de l’analyse spatiale. L’analyse faunique a permis d’identifier les étapes de dépeçage, de mise en cache et de consommation sur le site tout en établissant des liens entre ces étapes grâce au remontage des ossements, au réassemblage des articulations, à l’identification de paires d’éléments et finalement à la cartographie de leur distribution sur le site. Ces éléments ont fourni un moyen de documenter les chemins que peuvent prendre les carcasses sur un site résidentiel et d’interpréter la mobilisation des ressources alimentaires dans une communauté de chasseurs-cueilleurs. Cette analyse présente une étude empirique détaillant la manière dont les sections de carcasses de bœufs musqués étaient partagées entre les membres d’un campement d’été inuit du XIXe siècle. Cette étude a permis de donner des preuves d’un échange de nourriture structuré entre les unités familiales composants le groupe résidentiel ainsi que d’évaluer l’égalitarisme des relations sociales dans une société de bandes. Finalement, elle permet l’évaluation d’une méthodologie capable de réaliser ce type de recherche en zooarchéologie.
This study examines Copper Inuit food distribution and reciprocal exchange practices through a spatial analysis of archaeological faunal remains, namely musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) osteological remains. A faunal collection from the Kuptana site (PjRa-18), excavated in 1981-82 by Clifford Hickey, Banks Island (N.W.T.), Canada, was used to provide evidence of food sharing practices. Because of it’s preservation and limited taxonomic diversity, the Kuptana site was deemed to be an ideal context for the application of bone refitting and spatial analysis techniques used to reveal food sharing patterns. The faunal analysis identifies butchering, storage and consumption areas on the site and established links between them by refitting comminuted bone, by rejoining articulated bones and through the identification of matched pairs of elements and by mapping their spatial distribution. These elements provide a means of documenting the complex paths carcasses may take at a residential site and of interpreting the mobilisation of food resources in a foraging community. The analysis provides an empirical case study detailing how parts of musk ox carcasses were shared amongst members of a 19th century Inuit summer camp. The study provides evidence of structured food exchange between family units comprising the residential group, and characterises egalitarian social relationships in a band society. Finally, it contributes an evaluation of methods available to zooarchaeologist for pursuing these goals.
This study examines Copper Inuit food distribution and reciprocal exchange practices through a spatial analysis of archaeological faunal remains, namely musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) osteological remains. A faunal collection from the Kuptana site (PjRa-18), excavated in 1981-82 by Clifford Hickey, Banks Island (N.W.T.), Canada, was used to provide evidence of food sharing practices. Because of it’s preservation and limited taxonomic diversity, the Kuptana site was deemed to be an ideal context for the application of bone refitting and spatial analysis techniques used to reveal food sharing patterns. The faunal analysis identifies butchering, storage and consumption areas on the site and established links between them by refitting comminuted bone, by rejoining articulated bones and through the identification of matched pairs of elements and by mapping their spatial distribution. These elements provide a means of documenting the complex paths carcasses may take at a residential site and of interpreting the mobilisation of food resources in a foraging community. The analysis provides an empirical case study detailing how parts of musk ox carcasses were shared amongst members of a 19th century Inuit summer camp. The study provides evidence of structured food exchange between family units comprising the residential group, and characterises egalitarian social relationships in a band society. Finally, it contributes an evaluation of methods available to zooarchaeologist for pursuing these goals.
Guêné-Nanchen, Mélina. "Régénération des bryophytes dans les tourbières perturbées." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33616.
Full textThe ecological restoration of peatland is defined as all the processes permitting the regeneration of a peatland that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed. The landscape settings and types of peatlands that require restoration actions is very diverse. The study of natural regeneration of disturbed ecosystems has frequently been used to develop restoration methods that are adapted to specific types of ecosystems. A comprehensive assessment of regeneration trajectories and the environmental and dispersal constraints, as well as the interspecific interactions is directly related to the development of restoration methods and the improvement of our knowledge on the response of species and communities to environmental changes. This thesis studies the regeneration of vegetation, especially of bryophytes, and the factors influencing their regeneration in three problematic cases of restoring disturbed peatland. Firstly, the regeneration of bryophyte communities was studied against a range of environmental conditions in 28 minerotrophic peatlands in the Northwest Territories and Alberta that had burned one, two or five years ago. A shift of dominance between pioneer (mean cover from 16 to 11 %) and late successional bryophytes (from 3 to 27 %) was observed between the second and fifth year after the fire. Bryophyte distribution and abundance were controlled by the species difference in terms of regeneration capacity related to their life history strategy, habitat niche, and the variable effect of the burned biomass. The integration of the ecological niche concept for late successional bryophytes and the use of species with a high potential of regeneration (such as Aulacomnium palustre and Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum) should be considered during the elaboration of restoration plans of minerotrophic peatlands. Secondly, the regeneration of Sphagnum mosses was studied in 25 donor sites (peatlands where surface vegetation was harvested to supply reintroduction material) on a chronosequence of 17 years according to environmental conditions and harvesting practices. It takes on average 10 years for Sphagnum mosses in donor sites to recover, though minor differences in the species composition and abundance was observed between donor sites and natural peatlands. Pioneer species (e.g., Eriophorum vaginatum), competitive species (e.g., Sphagnum rubellum) and preferential species of wet microhabitats (e.g., Chamaedaphne calyculata) were more abundant in donor sites. Harvesting practices had the greatest effect on the regeneration of donor sites, suggesting that it is possible to speed up Sphagnum regeneration by choosing appropriate management practices. Best practices would be avoiding very wet donor sites and harvesting in the midsummer should be avoided when mosses are at their lowest regeneration potential and when the risk of machinery sinking is high. Thirdly, the regeneration and development of the Sphagnum carpets were studied in two experiments conducted in two types of restored peatlands colonized by pioneer graminoid plants (Cyperaceae). In the first experiment, Carex aquatilis dominated a moderately rich restored fen and formed dense communities with a lot of litter. In the second experiment, Eriophorum angustifolium was dominant with a low cover of litter in a restored cutover Sphagnum-dominated bog where the graminoid plant cover was controlled by repeated mowing. It was demonstrated that the effect of graminoid plants on the Sphagnum carpet was determined by the litter rather than by the structure of the plant itself. Because of the shade created by the dense litter, the presence of a community of a graminoid plant that accumulates a lot of litter such as Carex aquatilis is not beneficial for the formation of productive Sphagnum carpets. The decision to control graminoid plants to enhance the growth of Sphagnum carpets should consider the cover of the plant (not necessary when mean cover < 30 %), but also its life form (less necessary when the plant grows in unique stem), its litter accumulation and potential for invasion (e.g. Phragmatis australis, Scirpus cyperinus). In conclusion, this thesis, in addition to specifically address these three problematic cases, provides a more comprehensive assessment of the processes of natural regeneration of peatland ecosystems and of driving factors. The results have a direct link with the development of tools for the restoration of peatlands and with a deeper understanding of the responses of plants and communities to environmental changes.
Léger, Huguette. "Les emplois des autochtones au projet de construction du pipeline à Norman Wells dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5125.
Full textBjornson, Jean. "Les glissements rétrogressifs de fonte de la rivière Willow, Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Canada: Caractéristiques sédimentologiques, distribution spatiale et temporelle." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26444.
Full textÖlschleger, Hans-Dieter. "Indianer und Eskimo : zur Funktion interethnischer Kontakte in der traditionellen Periode der Barren Ground-Region /." Bonn : Holos Verl, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374610444.
Full textGoval, Emilie. "Définitions, analyses et caractérisations des territoires des Néandertaliens au Weichsélien ancien en Franceseptentrionale (Approches technologiques et spatiales, élargissement au Nord-Ouest de l'Europe)." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00387035.
Full textBressy, Céline. "CARACTERISATION ET GESTION DU SILEX DES SITESMESOLITHIQUES ET NEOLITHIQUES DU NORD-OUEST DE L'ARC ALPIN.Une approche pétrographique et géochimique." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012083.
Full textDans les sites des Préalpes françaises (depuis le massif des Bornes jusqu'au Dévoluy), le matériau privilégié par les préhistoriques est le silex. Des prospections réalisées dans le cadre de ce travail et antérieurement ont permis de cartographier les ressources en silex régionales et de regrouper plusieurs centaines d'échantillons de référence. Classiquement, ce matériau fait l'objet de caractérisations macroscopiques et pétrographiques. Cependant, ces méthodes ne sont pas toujours discriminantes et certaines sources ou types de silex demeurent difficiles à identifier dans un paysage lithique complexe. C'est pourquoi nous avons tenté d'apporter un nouvel éclairage à la question de la caractérisation du silex au moyen de la géochimie. Nous avons analysé les silex de 30 sources (138 échantillons) et de deux sites archéologiques (27 artefacts) par ICP-AES et ICP-MS, en mode destructif. Les caractérisations élémentaires permettent de distinguer les silex d'étages géologiques différents. Par contre, l'hétérogénéité intra-source constatée limite les possibilités de discrimination univoque des sources appartenant à un même étage géologique, à moins qu'elles ne soient suffisamment éloignées géographiquement. Toutefois, parmi les 22 sources sénoniennes analysées, celle de la Grande-Rivoire, située sur une des voies possibles de pénétration du massif du Vercors et exploitée dès le Mésolithique moyen, présente une signature géochimique spécifique. Plusieurs artefacts lui ont été attribués. Les analyses d'un autre matériau employé durant la Préhistoire, l'obsidienne, mettent en évidence les particularités de la signature géochimique du silex.
Les approches pétrographiques nous ont permis d'établir le schéma d'approvisionnement et l'origine des artefacts en silex de huit sites archéologiques par comparaison avec les échantillons géologiques à notre disposition.
Le matériel archéologique étudié au moyen de la géochimie et par les approches non-destructives a révélé des comportements vis à vis de l'acquisition et de la gestion des silex différents en fonction de la nature des sites, de leur positionnement géographique et de la période considérée. Des zones de contact et des voies de circulation privilégiées ont ainsi été mises en évidence.
Goval, Émilie. "Définitions, analyses et caractérisations des territoires des Néandertaliens au Weichselien ancien en France septentrionale : (approches technologiques et spatiales des industries lithiques, élargissement au Nord-Ouest de l'Europe)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10103/document.
Full textThe settlement dynamics by the Neanderthal is beyond doubt one of the great topics of this decade. But once we start to talk of territory rather than modalities of occupation we open up such a vast field that we are at once confronted with the semantic vagueness of the word itself. lndeed the studies dealing with this subject matter have greatly widened over the last few years, if the number of works, conferences and books on the subject is anything to go by. Nevertheless, in the current state of research, the reconstruction of geographical spaces and their management by prehistoric man is still too often merely the result of analysis of the origin of the raw materials used. ln such studies, the framework fixed by the limits of the sites guiding choices of progression and itineraries for the Neanderthal seems to condition the territory. While in certain regions with varied materials a partial retracing of the arteries of communication and travel can be envisaged, the same cannot be said for the North of France. This study mainly tackles notions of territory, of modalities of occupation and of geographical spaces through human
Desrosiers, Marc. "Morphologie et dynamique sédimentaire à l'avant-côte et sur la partie interne de la plate-forme continentale de la mer de Beaufort, Territoires du Nord-Ouest." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26055.pdf.
Full textLiziard, Sophie. "Littoralisation de la façade nord-méditerranéenne : analyse spatiale et prospective dans le contexte du changement climatique." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950074.
Full textIraki, Aziz. "Des notables du makhzen à l'épreuve de la gouvernance : élites locales, territoires, gestion urbaine et développement au Maroc : cas de trois villes de la région nord-ouest /." Paris : l'Harmattan : Rabat : Institut national d'aménagement et d'urbanisme, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389643273.
Full textMitatre, Claire-Cécile. "Au nord du Sud : L'orientation du territoire, de la culture et de la parenté dans les oasis de l'Oued Noun (Sahara atlantique)." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100122.
Full textFruit of field conducted among the Tekna from Oued Noun, this thesis aims to show how different social domains that are territory, culture,ethnicity and marital relations, organize them with reference a space conceived as deploying cross towards the four cardinal points. Of all these domains, it is the marital relationship that the analysis gives the most important place, by highlighting a system of spatially oriented marriages. Through a comparison of marriage with other forms of establishment of kinship, this thesis will also proposing a reading of relationship between consanguinity and affinity among the Tekna
Remy, Julie. "L'organisation des territoires du quart nord-ouest de la Gaule (Bretagne et Pays de la Loire) à la fin de l'âge de Fer (IIe-Ier siècle av. n.-è.)." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2016.
Full textAt the end of the Iron Age (2th to 1st century BC), the northwest of the Gaul (the current region of Bretagne and Pays de la Loire) is subdivided into different cities. Eight of them have been subject to a particular attention within the framework of this study. This one included understanding their organization and the various habitation sites unearth by the archaeology. In fact, these last ten years some recent excavations have now supplemented the corpus of the grouped settlements, enclosed or not, as the oppidum of Moulay or Entrammes in Mayenne, or as Trégueux near Saint-Brieuc, motivating the realization of this work. At first, it focused on the forms and the functions of the grouped settlements as a supplement to the numerous already existing syntheses which deal with the rural occupation in Middle and Late La Tène, but also on the form and the place of spaces with religious characters within territories. Then, these analyses may to think about the economic links, even administrative, between these various types of sites, and at the same time in the social structuring of cities and the evolution of their organizations until the change era. Lastly, the main components of the territories of the western fringe of the Gaul were compared with those of the center or east regions of France, as city of Turons, Bituriges, Leuques and Médiomatriques
Vallières, Catherine. "Production bactérienne et structure du réseau alimentaire microbien dans le fleuve Mackenzie et l'océan Arctique côtier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24315/24315.pdf.
Full textGlobally significant quantities of organic carbon are stored in northern permafrost soils, but little is known about how this carbon is processed by microbial communities once it enters rivers and is transported to the coastal Arctic Ocean. As part of the Arctic River-Delta Experiment (ARDEX), we measured environmental and microbiological variables along a 300 km transect across the Mackenzie River and coastal Beaufort Sea in July-August 2004 to investigate the river and estuarine gradients in microbial community structure and activity, and to evaluate the influence of UV exposure and carbon supply on bacterial processes in these ecosystems. Microbial community structure changed along the transect and the contribution of particle-attached bacteria was significantly higher in riverine and transition zone stations. Experimental results showed that bacterial metabolism was carbon limited in the Mackenzie River. Photodegradation increased organic carbon biolability in the Mackenzie River and decreased it in the Beaufort Sea.
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Boullosa-Joly, Maïté. "Re-devenir Indien en Argentine : Amaicha et Quilmes à l'aube du XXIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0148.
Full textSince the 1990s, Amicha del Valle and Quilmes, two villages in Argentina have the status of "Indian Community". This study analyzes this process of claiming for an Indian identity. To understand the claiming process for an Indian identity it is important to take all aspects of what is at stake into account; political, economical, social, cultural and of course not least territorial. In this work the question is asked what it means to re-become Indian in Argentina. How is an ethnical identity which is supposed to have disappeared from the national arena reclaimed? The process of "ethnogenesis" in North West Argentina is analyzed in terms of social and historical processes as well as in terms of "borders". What this work shows is that the procedure of (re-)claiming the ethnical identity is part of a global context, linked as it is to the developed ideas of the rights of "indigenous people". But, this study does not pretend to be building a general theory on ethnicity. At the contrary, the comparative study of two neighboring villages, situated only twenty kilometers (approximately twelve and a half miles) apart, shows that the claims for identity are very dissimilar. Consequently, how to build your identity can be different even when we are part of the same geographical and cultural area
Gallant, Lisa. "Suivi, par imagerie NOAA-AVHRR, de l'état hydrique de peuplements de conifères du bassin du fleuve Mackenzie (Territoires du Nord-Ouest) dans une perspective de prévision du danger d'incendie de forêt." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.
Find full textGallant, Lisa. "Suivi, par imagerie NOAA-AVHRR, de l'état hydrique de peuplements de conifères du bassin du fleuve Mackenzie (Territoires du Nord-Ouest) dans une perspective de prévision du danger d'incendie de forêt." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2098.
Full textGallant, Lisa. "Suivi, par imagerie NOAA-A VHRR, de l'état hydrique de peuplements de conifères du bassin du fleuve Mackenzie (Territoires du Nord-Ouest) dans une perspective de prévision du danger d'incendie de forêt." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ46743.pdf.
Full textJanes, Robert R. "Preserving diversity ethnoarchaeological perspectives on culture change in the western Canadian subarctic /." New York : Garland Pub, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22542699.html.
Full textBenmihoub, Ahmed. "Formes sociales d'agriculture irriguée en Méditerranée occidentale, expériences des risques et "visions" du monde : étude de cas dans la plaine de la Mitidja en Algérie et comparaison entre plusieurs territoires irrigués du Nord et du Sud de la Méditerranée occidentale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100020.
Full textIn the Mediterranean area, irrigated agriculture is faces growing problems of physical scarcity and water pollution, increased competition from other uses, to fluctuations in agricultural markets and institutional constraints imposed by the economic and environmental crises. This thesis aims to analyze the links between social forms of agricultural farm and their report towards risks related to irrigation and to interpret these latter in the broader context of the reports of farmers to societal and to natural worlds. To this end, we construct a model of analysis, from elements borrowed mainly to theoretical approaches to vulnerability, to understand the complex and dynamic character of vulnerability associated to irrigation. The analysis results in the context of the plain of Mitidja in Algeria or in a comparative perspective between several irrigated areas in the western Mediterranean shows a significant differentiation of social forms of farming, based on unequal access to productive resources and social opportunities. Furthermore, in terms of relations to the risks associated to irrigation, the majority of farms are equipped with coping capacities rather high in the North, while vulnerable configurations dominate the South. These differences generally refer to the North / South division in relations to societal and natural worlds
Dos, Santos Chianca Maria de Fátima. "Tradition et contradiction de la modernité dans le nord-est du Brésil : les enjeux de l'ethnicité et de la muséalité des indiens Potiguara pour l'appropriation de leur territoire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG049/document.
Full textThis thesis falls within the field of Applied Sociology and Socio-Museology, guiding a museum project that aims the autonomy of Potiguara Indians. This people is originally is a “family relationship community” and want to save their “racial origin”, but there is an advanced process of a distinctive ethnic identity formation, resulting from land demarcation fights from the 80s, strengthening their identity.The earth, a representation of “spatial dimension of family relationiship”, is where is established the sense of community built by the collective work of parenting and neighborhood and through it traditional practices that keep the memory of the heritage of the ancestors are developed. If the bonds of “racial origin” come from the mestizo ancestor, also called “old brench”, the ethnic representation considered as “a cultural and a historical value” to the outsiders is the Indian culture. This ambivalence is resolved through the Toré ritual through which two symbolic expressions are shown, an inclusive solution that will open an epistemological emancipatory route to the project
Leclerc, Émilie. "Mobilité de l'arsenic dans les sédiments de lacs subarctiques contaminés par l'activité minière." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68417.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to quantify the diagenesis of arsenic (As) in the sediments, using them as environmental archives and identify the key reactions of As. Eight lakes have been visited in June 2018 and May 2019, along an 80 km transect northwest from the gold mine Giant, near Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories, Canada to collect surface water, sediment cores and porewater. These samples have been analyzed to obtain the dissolved and solid concentration of organic carbon, As, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminium (Al) and anions (nitrate, sulfate, sulfide and chloride). As concentrations in porewater were interpreted using inverse diagenetic modeling and thermodynamics calculations. The history of the fluxes of solid As deposited at the bottom of the lakes was calculated after correction for the influence of diagenesis. Diffusive fluxes of As at the sediment-water interface in response to contamination from mining activity were calculated for the two years of sampling. The results show that diagenesis is greater in lakes with lower sedimentation rates. After correction, the data indicates that the maximum As fluxes coincide with the period of mine activity. Nonetheless, lakes near the mine are still influenced by large inputs of dissolved As from their watersheds, and show high diffusive fluxes of As to the water column. Thermodynamic calculations of speciation and saturation index suggest that the mobility of Asis related to that of iron oxides and sulfur. Amorphous iron sulfide forms in the sediment and As coprecipitates or adsorbs to this mineral phase. Finally, the timing of the melting of the ice cover, which allows the arrival of oxygen, seems to determine the mobility of As in the spring. In the context of climate change shortening the duration of ice cover, an in-depth study of the effect of ice cover on redox conditions is desirable.
Pardo, Corinne. "DU RURAL À L'URBAIN. INTÉGRATIONS, USAGES ET GESTIONS DE L'ARBRE DANS LES PAYSAGES DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE NORD-OCCIDENTALE." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370852.
Full textRetamal, Leira. "Effet optique de la matière organique dissoute colorée sur la production primaire dans des systèmes d'estuaires nordiques : qualité, quantité et changements climatiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24859/24859.pdf.
Full textGarneau, Marie-Ève. "Structure et dynamique du réseau microbien dans des écosystèmes côtiers arctiques sous l'influence d'apports riverains." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19999.
Full textLe plateau côtier de la rivière Mackenzie dans la mer de Beaufort. un écosystème majeur du bassin arctique, reçoit une quantité considérable de sédiments et de matière organique terrigènes. Cette région de V Arctique canadien ouest est de plus en plus affectée par le réchauffement climatique qui augmentera vraisemblablement les apports riverains de carbone organique via l'avancée de la ligne des arbres, le dégel du pergélisol et l'augmentation des précipitations. Le réseau microbien occupe une place centrale dans le cycle du carbone et les transferts d'énergie dans les écosystèmes, mais à ce jour aucune étude n'aborde les variations spatiales et temporelles de la production bactérienne (PB) et des assemblages bactériens dans l'Arctique. La présente thèse avait pour objectif d'évaluer la structure et la dynamique des communautés microbiennes sur le plateau côtier arctique, avec une emphase sur le rôle des particules et des bactéries attachées à celles-ci. L'étude spatiale dans le panache de la rivière Mackenzie a montré que le gradient de salinité structure les communautés bactériennes qui sont dominées par le groupe Beîaproteobacteria en eau douce, et par les Alphaproteobacîeria dans la mer de Beaufort. Les secteurs influencés par la rivière présentaient des taux maximaux de PB, dont entre 75% et 96% pouvaient être attribués aux bactéries associées aux particules (AP). Cette première étude annuelle de la PB en milieu côtier arctique a montré que les communautés bactériennes de la baie de Franklin demeurent actives toute l'année puisqu'elles utilisent les substrats disponibles, soit les apports allochtones de carbone organique, pour survivre durant la noirceur hivernale. Même si en période estivale les bactéries utilisent les substrats organiques labiles de la production primaire in situ, la baie de Franklin semble être un écosystème hétérotrophe sur une base annuelle. Les bactéries AP étaient particulièrement actives au printemps et à l'été, très probablement en raison des apports allochtones saisonniers de matière organique particulaire (MOP). L'analyse de l'ADN par DGGE {denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) a montré des différences phylogénétiques entre les assemblages de bactéries libres et les assemblages de bactéries AP lorsque les concentrations en MOP sont plus élevées. A plusieurs autres sites, les assemblages libres et PA étaient similaires. La thèse souligne l'importance des particules allochtones pour les réseaux microbiens des milieux arctiques côtiers, et qu'il faut les considérer dans l'étude de la réponse des cycles biogéochimiques au réchauffement climatique dans l'océan Arctique
Pelletier, Nicolas. "Paléoécologie d’une tourbière à pergélisol en dégradation du sud des Territoires du Nord-Ouest : implications pour le cycle du carbone." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16130.
Full textPeatlands have contributed to cool the Earth's climate during the Holocene by accumulating a large carbon pool. In the Canadian boreal forest, perennially frozen soils (permafrost soils) are abundant and they are located mainly in peatlands where they form elevated plateaus. Thawing permafrost caused by atmospheric warming or other disturbances lead to the collapse of plateaus and soil saturation, impacting vegetation cover and carbon cycling. Models suggest that northern latitudes will be the most severely affected by global warming as we are already observing a decline in permafrost cover. It is important to understand how permafrost thaw affects the peatland carbon sink function as feedbacks on the climate are possible if a large amount of greenhouse gas is emitted or sequestered. I use a chronosequence representing the time since permafrost in a Northwest Territories peatland to understand the factors influencing aggradation and degradation of permafrost in peatlands and to evaluate the effect of thawing on the carbon accumulation and preservation. The carbon accumulation rates associated with the presence of permafrost in the past and present are slow, and the peat is less decomposed in areas that have been affected by permafrost longer. In sum, permafrost reduces surface carbon accumulation but allows for better preservation of the carbon already accumulated.
Desrosiers, Marc. "Morphologie et dynamique sédimentaire à l'avant-côte et sur la partie interne de la plate-forme continentale de la mer de Beaufort, Territoires du Nord-Ouest /." 1998. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=737023861&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textHiggins, Kellina Leslie. "Effet de la végétation sur la variabilité de la profondeur de dégel à petite échelle dans un paysage de tourbières en forêt boréale dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12562.
Full textIn order to better understand the impacts of climate change on permafrost degradation, it is important to understand the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on permafrost dynamics. While studies allude to the effect of broad vegetation groups on permafrost dynamics at landscape-scale, the role vegetation plays in affecting the spatial variability of active-layer development on the scale of metres, as explored here, is largely unknown. The study was carried out in a boreal forest-peatland landscape in the discontinuous permafrost zone in the southern Northwest Territories (N61°18’, W121°18’). We examined the influence of the following vegetation characteristics on the spatial variability of thaw depth: tree density, shrub cover, leaf area index, and cryptogam presence (lichen and bryophyte). We found that greater tree density was associated with shallower thaw depths while shrub cover (<50cm height) had a negligible influence. Furthermore, thaw depth depended on the cryptogam species cover and microform. This research quantifies the impact of vegetation by strata on thaw depth and may ultimately serve to refine vegetation parameters in ecosystem models and land surface schemes as part of climate models.