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1
Anderson, Christopher C. "Ethnocentrism in Russia and Ukraine." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2037.
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This dissertation is an investigation into the causes and consequences of ethnocentrism in Russia and Ukraine. It expands on the current literature in political science which has focused exclusively on data from the United States. By examining new countries, this work increases our knowledge about the characteristics of ethnocentrism and its effects. I also go beyond what has been done in previous work by examining ethnocentrism’s variable effects on different ethnic groups in a society.
The dissertation is broken down into two parts. The first half, chapters one, two and three, look at the relationship between ethnocentrism and different ethnic groups. Using the ideas of William Sumner as a starting point, I investigate the differences in in-group and out-group attitudes across high-status and low-status ethnic groups using survey data from the United States, Russia and Ukraine. I also explore how group status influences individual levels of ethnocentrism.
In chapters four and five I use ethnocentrism to help explain individual-level foreign policy attitudes and vote choice in Ukraine. Using survey data and multivariate logistic and linear regression models, I show that ethnocentrism has distinct effects on ethnic Russians and ethnic Ukrainians living in Ukraine and that these effects are substantively significant. Ethnocentric Russians in Ukraine are much more likely than ethnic Ukrainians or non-ethnocentric ethnic Russians to support integration with Russia, to support fighting terrorism and to oppose NATO membership. They were also significantly less likely to vote for Viktor Yushchenko during the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election.
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Collaco, Christine M. "The importance of intercultural willingness-to-communicate in reducing ethnocentrism and behaviors associated with ethnocentrism." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/730.
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This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and intercultural willingness-to-communicate with ethnocentrism and intended behaviors associated with ethnocentrism. Data collected from a group administered survey of 497 undergraduates at a small private university and junior college in the western United States was used to test two proposed communication models. The results indicated that both emotional and social intelligence were strongly associated with ethnocentrism and intended behavior associated with ethnocentrism. More significant, however, is the significance in intercultural willingness-to communicate relationship and predictability towards reducing ethnocentrism and intended behaviors associated with ethnocentrism.
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Etinson, Adam. "Human rights and the problem of ethnocentrism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1a851e2-cca5-4ccc-9c62-97d0ead23392.
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Despite its prominence as a pejorative term in moral and political philosophy, the phenomenon of ethnocentrism has escaped the focused attention of moral and political philosophers. Little sustained effort has been devoted to its in-depth analysis. This thesis attempts to fill in that gap in the philosophical literature, with a particular focus on the analysis of ethnocentrism as a problem, or rather a set of problems, facing the theory and practice of human rights. The thesis begins by drawing a core distinction between ethnocentrism as a moral phenomenon (i.e., a form of moral partiality), on the one hand, and as an epistemological phenomenon (i.e., a mode of judgment), on the other. After singling out the epistemological aspect of ethnocentrism as its main focus, the thesis argues for four interlocking claims. The first claim is that ethnocentrism represents an unwarranted mode of judgment, and thus an epistemic hazard that ought to be avoided if at all possible (Chapter One, §3). This claim is defended at length against the version of political constructivism advanced by John Rawls, which, by grounding political argument exclusively in ideas and values embedded in a common public culture, implicitly justifies a form of ethnocentrism (Chapter Two). The second claim is that moral argument cannot avoid ethnocentrism by grounding itself, as some have thought, in judgments upon which there is broad moral consensus, or rather by avoiding any appeal to judgments that are the subject of marked dissensus (Chapter Three and Chapter Four). Thirdly, the thesis argues that ethnocentrism is, if avoidable, only so to a limited extent (Chapter Six, §2). And fourthly, it offers an outline of how this limited form of avoidance might work (Chapter Five and Chapter Six, §3).
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Lingli, Ying. "Relationship between Foreign Film Exposure and Ethnocentrism." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1242850053.
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Ritchie, Ian. "Ethnocentrism as focal problem in African theology debates." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64015.
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West, Joyce Phillis. "Student teacher ethnocentrism: attitudes and beliefs about language." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80425.
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After the dismantling of apartheid in South Africa, democratic transformation included desegregating mono-ethnic environments, such as schools and higher education institutions, through the integration of learners and students from diverse multilingual and multicultural backgrounds. A further ideal encouraged mother-tongue education. Yet, a growing preference for English as the medium of instruction ensued, especially in multilingual urban areas. This study investigated the degree of ethnocentrism that student teachers studying at a mono-ethnic private higher education institution had and what their attitudes and beliefs about language-in-education issues were since such outlooks could potentially affect their classroom practices. Ethnocentrism, the tendency of an individual to identify strongly with their own ethnicity and to reject others’, draws on the premises of the social identity theory owing to the focus on in-group-out-group distinctions, racism and stereotyping.
Using an online questionnaire to generate primarily quantitative data, this embedded mixed-methods study investigated 1 164 student teachers’ reasons for choosing to study at a mono-ethnic higher education institution. Their degree of ethnocentrism as well as their attitudes and beliefs about languages used for social and educational purposes were measured by the standardised Generalised Ethnocentrism and Language Attitudes of Teachers Scale. Key findings from the qualitative data indicated that student teachers chose to study at a particular institution because of a shared mono-ethnic social identity, which strongly relates to a common language (Afrikaans), culture (Afrikaner), religion (Christianity) and possible race (Caucasian). The quantitative data showed a statistically significant relationship between the student teachers’ degree of ethnocentrism and their attitudes and beliefs about language-in-education issues. Overall, in line with the social identity theory, findings pointed to the formation of social identities based on shared ethnic characteristics, such as language, culture, religion and race. The study provides a more comprehensive understanding of how ethnocentrism, social identities and particular perspectives of language-in-education issues exist on a continuum. Unchecked, such attitudes and beliefs may have far-reaching consequences for multilingual classroom practices, especially where English as the medium of instruction is the mother tongue of neither the learners nor the teacher.Afrikaans: In Suid-Afrika het demokratiese transformasie die desegregasie van mono-etniese omgewings, soos skole en hoëronderwysinstellings, ingesluit. Dit het onder andere meegebring dat leerders en studente uit verskillende taal- en kultuuragtergronde saam in die leeromgewing verkeer. Moedertaalonderrig is ook veral tydens aanvangsonderrig aangemoedig. Tog het daar toenemend ʼn voorkeur vir Engels as onderrigmedium ontstaan, veral in meertalige stedelike gebiede. Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die mate van etnosentrisme wat studenteonderwysers openbaar terwyl hulle by ʼn mono-etniese private hoëronderwysinstelling ingeskryf is. Hulle houdings en oortuigings met betrekking tot taalonderrigkwessies is ook vasgestel. Etnosentrisme, die neiging van individue om sterk met hul eie etnisiteit te identifiseer en dié van ander te verwerp, is geskoei op die sosiale identiteitsteorie met ‘n fokus op binnegroep-buitegroeponderskeid, rassisme en stereotipering. ʼn Aanlyn vraelys is gebruik om hoofsaaklik kwantitatiewe data te genereer wat verskaf is deur 1 164 studenteonderwysers. Sowel hulle graad van etnosentrisme as hul houdings en oortuigings oor tale wat vir sosiale en opvoedkundige doeleindes gebruik word, is gemeet aan die hand van die gestandardiseerde Generalised Ethnocentrism en Language Attitudes of Teachers skaal. Sleutelbevindinge uit die kwalitatiewe data dui aan dat studenteonderwysers verkies om aan ʼn spesifieke instelling te studeer waar ʼn gedeelde mono-etniese sosiale identiteit, wat sterk verband hou met ʼn gemeenskaplike taal (Afrikaans), kultuur (Afrikaner), godsdiens (Christendom) en moontlik ras (blank) heers. Die kwantitatiewe data het ʼn statisties beduidende verband getoon tussen die studenteonderwyseres se graad van etnosentrisme en hul houdings en oortuigings rakende taal-in-onderwyskwessies. Die bevindinge dui ook op die ontwikkeling van sosiale identiteite gebaseer op samehorigheidseienskappe soos taal, kultuur, godsdiens en ras. Die studie bied ʼn meer omvattende begrip van hoe etnosentrisme, sosiale identiteite en bepaalde perspektiewe van taal-in-onderwys-kwessies op ʼn kontinuum bestaan. As voornemende onderwysers nie bewus gemaak word van hulle sterk etnosentriese oortuigings nie, kan dit verreikende gevolge vir meertalige praktyke in die klaskamer inhou, veral waar Engels as onderrigmedium gebruik word, maar nie die moedertaal van die leerders of die onderwyser is nie.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Humanities Education
PhD
Unrestricted
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Giacomuzzi, Andrea. "Constructing An Hyphenated Society: Women, Ethnocentrism, and Migration." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195873.
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In this dissertation I explore the relationship between women, the state, and religious institutions in western Austria--the most conservative part of the country. The fall of the Iron Curtain triggered widespread fears of massive migration flows from Eastern Europe, and created strong sentiments against migrants, especially those from the East and South and led to a rise in ethnocentrism and xenophobia. Turks, who comprise the largest migrant population, are especially vulnerable to the resulting discriminatory practices and attitudes.The questions I posed focused on how Turkish women who have arrived since the economic boom of the 1980s, their children born in Austria, and women of pre-WWII Austrian ancestry deal with the challenges integration brings. Further, I examine the effect patriarchal, elitist discourse has on both Austrian and Turkish migrant women's self-perception, sociopolitical status and their worldviews.
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Sinkovics, Rudolf, and Hartmut Holzmüller. "Ethnocentrism. A key determinant in international corporate strategy formulation?" Absatzwirtschaft., Abt. f. Marketing, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1994. http://epub.wu.ac.at/544/1/document.pdf.
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In sociology and psychology the concept of "ethnocentrism" is widely used to explain human behavior in and between different cultural entities. Since international management can be characterized by high levels of interaction between individuals from diverse cultures, we think ethnocentrism is worth being considered a determinant in this field. Especially, individual ethnocentrism might shape and influence the relation between international companies, their strategy formulation and different stakeholder groups. This workshop paper targets the conceptual identification of different areas of corporate strategy formulation which are assumed to be influenced by varying levels of ethnocentrism. A brief review focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of ethnocentrism and possibilities for measuring the construct. Finally, a research design is developed which will be used to determine the influence of manager ethnocentrism on corporate strategy formulation. (authors' abstract)Series: Konferenzbeitrag
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Siamagka, Nikoletta-Theofania. "Extending consumer ethnocentrism : development and validation of the CEESCALE." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/806/.
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The concept of consumer ethnocentrism has been in the centre of scholarly inquiry for more than twenty years. The original dimensionalisation and operationalisation of the construct has been introduced in the marketing literature back in 1987. Since then the relevant literature unquestionably applies the existing scale, namely the CETSCALE. This thesis seeks to explore consumer ethnocentrism facets under the light of increased globalisation and integration and consequently develop an enhanced measurement instrument. A mixed methods approach is pursued and as a result, several deviations from the original conceptualisation and operationalisation of consumer ethnocentrism are evidenced. Although some of the already established dimensions prevail to be equally relevant in these days, there are numerous other areas that the CETSCALE fails to capture. In particular, the new, extended scale (CEESCALE) encapsulates the novel notions of impure altruism and self enhancement, social demonstrability of benefits of consuming domestic products and finally, buying inertia. Following the development of the CEESCALE, construct validity is established. The superiority of the CEESCALE to the CETSCALE is attested by better predictive validity estimates.
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Lira, Marissa DeAnna. "Female Genital Cutting: Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Universal Morality." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321775.
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Amor, Meir. "State persecution and vulnerability, a comparative historical analysis of violent ethnocentrism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41006.pdf.
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Taylor, Alistair. "Neo-pragmatist accounts of truth: Rorty's "ethnocentrism" and Putnam's "internal realism"." Thesis, Department of Philosophy, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9008.
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This work will discuss a recent series of public exchanges that took place between the two founding figures of neopragmatism, Richard Rorty and Hilary Putnam, regarding truth and its relation to justification. Like the classical pragmatists Peirce, James, and Dewey, both Rorty and Putnam argue that we should refrain from taking the term “true” to denote a successful correspondence between a proposition and a single, fixed, absolute reality. Given this substantial common ground, their exchanges provide a direct insight into a tension that lies right at the heart of neopragmatism. Both attempt to interpret truth as importantly related to the prospect of justification amongst peers, without simply providing a reductive definition of “true” as synonymous with “whatever happens to be the contemporary consensus.” Rorty and Putnam thus attempt to navigate an approach to the notion of truth that avoids the problems associated with “absolute” theories of truth on one extreme, and utter “relativism” about truth on the other. In this essay I will attempt to clarify the points of compatibility and points of departure between Rorty and Putnam’s views by closely examining the debates that occurred between the two.
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Ni, Dhonaill C. G. "Impacts of ageing on identity & comparing experiences in Northern Ireland and Zambia." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580141.
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Frebert, Nicolas. "L’orientation culturelle comme facteur de déshumanisation : comparaison entre expression de valeurs individualistes et collectivistes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20053.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de vérifier si la perception d’humanité d’une cible varie en fonction des valeurs culturelles qu’elle exprime. En France, les valeurs dominantes correspondent, d’après un ensemble d’études de psychologie interculturelle, à des valeurs individualistes. En s’appuyant sur ces données, plusieurs études ont été mises en œuvre pour comparer les attributions d’humanité à une cible qui exprime soit des valeurs individualistes, soit des valeurs collectivistes. D’après l’hypothèse ethnocentrique, l’expression de valeurs collectivistes devrait susciter moins d’attributions d’humanité que l’expression de valeurs individualistes. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, plusieurs mesures d’attributions d’humanité ont été utilisées. Trois prétests ont notamment été réalisés en vue de valider une mesure francophone d’Unicité Humaine et de Nature Humaine via des traits de personnalité. Quatre études expérimentales ont ensuite été mises en place pour répondre à la problématique générale. Les données obtenues ne permettent pas de confirmer l’hypothèse ethnocentrique et montrent que l’expression de valeurs individualistes et collectivistes sont chacune associées à des aspects spécifiques de l’humain. Les résultats conduisent à une réflexion au sujet de la validité convergente des mesures d’attributions d’humanité et de leur capacité à s’émanciper des effets de positivité. Une discussion concernant le statut normatif des valeurs individualistes est également engagéeThe aim of this thesis is to test whether perceived humanness of an individual depends on the cultural values he expresses. Several studies in cross-cultural psychology identified individualistic values as the dominant values in France. Based on these data, we conducted a set of research studies to compare humanness attributions to a target person that expresses either individualistic or collectivist values. According to the ethnocentric hypothesis, the expression of collectivistic values should elicit fewer attributions of humanness than the expression of individualistic values. To test this hypothesis, several measures of humanness attributions were used. Three pre-tests were conducted to validate a francophone measure of Human Uniqueness and Human Nature via personality traits. Then, four experimental studies were set up to address the ethnocentric hypothesis. The data collected did not confirm the ethnocentric hypothesis and showed that the expression of individualistic and collectivistic values are each associated with specific aspects of human being. The results lead to a reflexion about the convergent validity of measures of humanness attributions and their ability to avoid being biased by positivity effects. The normative status of individualistic values is also discussed
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Goldberg, Roland Henry. "Determining consumer ethnocentrism and lifestyle among Black Diamonds in Sandton / Goldberg, R.H." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7003.
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The combined study of consumer ethnocentrism and lifestyle is a unique approach that marketers can use to determine consumer buying behaviour and to refine market segmentation. In particular, marketers need to study consumer buying behaviour and examine the main influences regarding what, where, when and how consumers buy, as this knowledge will allow marketers to predict how consumers make their purchase decisions and how they will respond to various marketing strategies. A better understanding of the buying behaviour of consumers in a prospective market segment will help marketers to devise more effective marketing strategies for targeting consumers in the particular market segment they wish to pursue, and therefore, market segmentation is an extremely useful marketing tool. The Black Diamond consumer segment in South Africa has been receiving heightened attention from marketers recently due to the increasing purchasing power of this segment, and therefore it is necessary for marketers to gain a more profound understanding of these consumers so that they will be able to address Black Diamonds' specific needs, wants and preferences. This will assist marketers to devise marketing strategies that target the Black Diamond segment more effectively. The primary objective of this study was to determine consumer ethnocentrism and lifestyle among Black Diamonds in Sandton. This objective was addressed by using an adapted version of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE) to measure the level of consumer ethnocentrism among Black Diamonds and by determining the lifestyle of this group by using the activities, interests and opinions (AIO) approach to measure the levels of six lifestyle dimensions, namely fashion consciousness, self–consciousness, health consciousness, homemaking, community orientation, and cost–consciousness. Based on literature consulted, an interviewer–administered questionnaire was developed and distributed to Black Diamond consumers by five fieldworkers in the Sandton area, in the city of Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province. Convenience and judgement sampling (non–probability sampling methods) were used and a total of 200 respondents participated in this study.
The validity and reliability of the adapted version of the CETSCALE used in the questionnaire to measure the level of consumer ethnocentrism of respondents, as well as the six batteries of statements used to measure the levels of the respective lifestyle dimensions, were determined by means of factor analysis. The results indicated that consumer ethnocentrism is moderately high among respondents. Furthermore, moderately high levels of fashion consciousness, self–consciousness, health consciousness and cost–consciousness were found among respondents. Low levels of interest were established in homemaking activities and community orientation. It was found that various underlying relationships exist between consumer ethnocentrism and lifestyle dimensions of respondents, specifically between the lifestyle dimensions of health consciousness, homemaking and community orientation. It was further found that significant differences exist between the perceptions of respondents toward consumer ethnocentrism and the lifestyle dimensions in terms of their diverse age categories. It is recommended that marketers should stress product attributes, benefits, and superior aspects of the product by underplaying the product's country of origin, in light of the high level of consumer ethnocentrism prevalent among Black Diamonds. Furthermore, it is recommended that marketers and organisations should adapt and modify their current marketing strategies in order to appeal to the various lifestyle dimensions of Black Diamonds, specifically focussing on the higher levels of fashion consciousness, self–consciousness, health consciousness and cost–consciousness among Black Diamonds, whilst underplaying homemaking and community orientation. By considering consumer ethnocentrism and lifestyle, and realising that these factors affect the buying behaviour of Black Diamonds, marketers will be able to develop effective marketing strategies that will allow them to target the Black Diamond consumer segment more effectively and efficiently. Recommendations for future research include examining consumer ethnocentrism and lifestyle among Black Diamonds in a wider geographic area, drawing a larger sample size from the target population, and being more selective with regard to the respondents included in the study, in order to ensure that the most appropriate respondents do indeed form part of population under scrutiny. Furthermore, in order to improve the validity of the study, future research could be conducted by incorporating more qualitative forms of research such as focus groups and interviews. In addition to the six lifestyle dimensions that were measured in this study, a wider range of lifestyle dimensions can be measured in future research.Thesis (M.Com. (Marketing Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Al, Ganideh Saeb Farhan. "An investigation into consumer ethnocentrism and product country images amongst young Jordanians." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438064.
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Chandrasen, Abhirarm. "Sojourner consumer behaviour : the influence of nostalgia, ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism and place attachment." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/80289/.
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In today’s interconnected world, increasing numbers of consumers are becoming involved in an internationally mobile lifestyle. During this transitional event, these international consumers become temporary residents in a foreign host country. Transient consumers are formally known as sojourners. Despite the recognition that sojourners’ international mobility is contributing to the development of multicultural marketplaces worldwide, there is a paucity of empirical evidence on their consumer behaviour. As opposed to other border crossers, sojourners do not travel with the intention of settling down in the host country. Thus, their psychological profile differs from that of permanent movers and, consequently, there is a need for a separate study of sojourners as consumers. To this end, this thesis builds on the notions of home and host countries from the consumer acculturation theory. Specifically, the influence of psychological values relating to sojourners’ home and host country on their consumer behaviour is examined in two investigations. Using structural equation modelling and related statistical methods, the findings from the two investigations add to the development of the knowledge on this consumer group. The home country investigation shows that nostalgia and ethnocentrism are two influential drivers of sojourners’ buying intention towards products from home. Importantly, it is also found that the length of stay in the host country and the product category determine the extent to which the two values shape sojourner consumer behaviour. The host country investigation reveals that sojourners’ level of place attachment to a host country is a useful predictor of sojourners’ origin recognition accuracy of the host country’s brands. This is an important finding, as brand origin recognition accuracy has been found to influence attitudes and intentions. The two investigations contribute to the consumer acculturation theory by uncovering the influence of the country-specific psychological values that drive consumer behaviour. The findings on the influences of values and demographic characteristics provide practical means for marketers to target sojourners as customers.
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Derbisheva-Sutherland, Onola. "Russian Ethnocentrism and the West: Cultural and Historical Dynamics of Perception of the West in Russia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4462.
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Opposition to the West is one of the stable characteristics of the Russian history. It
is not only enshrined in the mentality of Russian people, but has become an integral part
of the social and political culture of the country. The crisis facing Russia at the present
time, the active modernisation and inclusion in the globalisation not only further
exacerbate this confrontation, but also actualise the perennial alternative facing Russia:
to converge with the West, or enter a new confrontation with it. This study explores the
influence of the ethnocentric dimension on the cultural and historical dynamics of the
paradigm 'Russia vs the West'. The new concept of content, structure, forms and levels
of the ethnocentrism phenomenon developed by the author is tested on the basis of
integrated analysis of cultural and historical evolution of Russia, the exploration of
interaction between the processes of modernisation and the peculiarities of the
perception of its 'modernisation standard' – the West. The data employed by the author
comes from sociological studies conducted in the last 20 years and enables not only to
identify the major determinants and factors influencing the current strategy of relations
between Russia and the West, but also to predict the possible scenario of the
development of processes of post-Soviet modernisation of this country and its
interaction with the outside world.
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Puddifoot, J. E. "Ethnocentrism : Structure and change in a sample of English adolescent high school pupils." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378743.
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Kuok, Lynn Chern Shih. "Identity matters : nation-building and its impact on multi-ethnic societies : a study of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610405.
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Al-shegagi, Mariam. "Känslan av utanförskap : Om rasifiering ur gymnasietjejers perspektiv." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27629.
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Utifrån tidigare forskning om rasifiering undersöktes i denna studie hur elever med invandrarbakgrund gav mening åt erfarenheter och upplevelser av rasifiering. Rasifiering är en process där man skapar raskategoriseringar och genom vilken icke-vita har blivit socialt konstruerade. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns en relation mellan rasifiering och självkänsla. Ambitionen var att ge en ny kunskap och ökad medvetenhet om rasifiering och dess påverkan på elevers självkänsla. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio gymnasieelever genomfördes. Intervjuerna transkiberades och analyserades med en tematisk analys. Genomgången av intervjuerna visade att gymnasieeleverna upplevde att de någon gång under sitt liv blivit rasifierade då de upplever känslor som utanförskap och underlägsenhet i förhållande till svenskheten. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonerna har en självbild i form av en rasifierad sådan. Självkänslan är intimt sammankopplad med kategorierna ”svensk” och ”invandrare” eftersom att man inte ser sig själv som ”svensk” då man har föräldrar födda utanför Sverige.
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Albertson, Kari E. "Interethnic communication apprehension another look at predictor variables with more diverse populations /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2258.
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Thaler, Carol-Lyn Sakata. "Development of an ethnocentrism scale for junior high school students in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25530.
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Ethnocentrism is a cognitive bias whereby people and practices of other cultures are viewed and judged according to what is right and wrong in one's own cultural group. Social studies teachers, when teaching about peoples and cultures, implicitly, if not explicitly, try to prevent the development of an ethnocentric attitude in their students. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable ethnocentrism scale for use by social studies teachers to gain feedback of how a particular unit of study effected their students. The scale can be used as a pre-post test measure before and after a course or unit of study.
The known California E-scale, British Ethnocentrism Scale, and Australian Ethnocentrism Scale became the models for the construction of this scale. The developed ethno-centrism scale is a 30 item Likert summated rating scale using six response steps ranging from "agree very much" to "disagree very much".
To insure content validity, test items were based on interviews with members of several minority groups in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia to gather information about practices and customs particular to their culture. The whole study was conducted using grade eight and nine students from four junior high schools in one Lower Mainland School District. The pool of test items were administered to approximately 550 subjects to gain data for item and factor analysis. Two ethnocentrism scales were constructed using items with high reliability rankings. The two forms were administered to groups of students to establish whether the forms were statistically parallel. The forms were not statistically parallel. One form using items with high item reliability rankings was constructed. An intervention study was conducted to check for construct validity. Eight social studies classes in one school were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental classes were exposed to a three day lesson on ethnocentrism. The developed scale was used as a posttest measure. A significant difference between the two groups was reported. The experimental group means were significantly lower (p < .05), less ethnocentric, than control group means.
Finally, the scale was administered to 215 students to gather data for test-retest reliability. At this stage the students were also administered a dogmatism scale and a self concept scale to check for concurrent and construct validity. Test-retest coefficent was high (p = .83) and the Hoyt reliability coefficent for test consistency was high for all administrations of the form ranging from .87 to .94.
Recommendations for use of the developed ethnocentrism scale and areas for future research were based on the findings.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
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Pentz, Christian Donald. "Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes towards domestic and foreign products : a South African study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18037.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The continued growth of international trade has resulted in levels of global product availability that is not only unprecedented, but would have been regarded as impossible not too long ago. Products of almost every conceivable national origin are now readily available in numerous countries throughout the world. Because the “country of origin” label of a product is a factor that could influence the buying behaviour of consumers, prescient international marketers know that they need to investigate consumer attitudes toward both domestic and imported products and the findings of these investigations should be used to formulate more effective marketing strategies. Previous research into the “country of origin” phenomenon has focused on consumer ethnocentrism as a possible reason why consumers would buy a domestic rather than an imported product. The basic premise of the concept of consumer ethnocentrism is that the attitudes and purchase intentions of consumers can be influenced by what could be called nationalistic emotions. In short, consumer ethnocentrism implies that consumers might regard the purchase of foreign products as “wrong”, as it might harm the domestic economy and result in job losses in industries that compete with imports. As a result, consumer ethnocentrism has been actively researched in developed countries in particular, but there seems to be a dearth of knowledge about consumer ethnocentrism in developing countries. This study‟s primary objective is therefore to investigate consumer ethnocentrism in a developing country, in this case South Africa. The study is based on a review of the literature, covering aspects such as marketing, consumer behaviour, globalisation and especially the phenomena of country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism. The literature review was followed by an empirical, survey-based study investigating consumer ethnocentrism in South Africa. A novel contribution of this study is that consumer ethnocentrism was investigated among different racial groups in the same country. This was done to assess whether there are significant similarities and/or differences between different racial groups in terms of consumer ethnocentrism and any of the attitudinal variables relevant to international marketing. A conceptual model (containing sixteen variables) was developed as a guideline from the literature review to investigate consumer ethnocentrism and how it could influence the attitudes of South African consumers (of different races) towards the import of foreign products (Chinese clothing in this case) and ultimately the willingness of these consumers to buy imported clothing. A questionnaire was subsequently developed to collect data from a sample of black and a sample of white South African respondents. An exploratory factor analysis of the data was done and the results indicated that for the samples of both black and white respondents, the original number of variables (excluding demographic variables) that drive consumer ethnocentrism could be reduced to ten. These variables were exactly the same for both sub-samples studied. The proposed theoretical model was also empirically tested by means of the structural equation modelling technique. The result of these tests was the creation of structural models for both sub-samples, illustrating all the variables and indicators of the measurement model and the structural relationships among the different variables. From the results it is clear that even though there were differences in terms of the impact of a number of antecedents on consumer ethnocentrism, the two sub-samples responded in a relatively similar way. The results also indicated that the antecedents, cultural openness, patriotism, individualism, age, income, attitude towards human rights and history of oppression, were regarded as antecedents for consumer ethnocentrism by both sub-samples. The differences confirmed were that the sample of white respondents also regarded nationalism and gender as predictors of consumer ethnocentrism. The results also revealed that black respondents seemed to be more ethnocentric than their white counterparts. From the results it seems that, due to the differences between the two sub-samples of this study, marketing strategies related to consumer ethnocentrism should not be identical for white and black South African consumers. Based on the results, a number of marketing strategies that could be implemented by both local and international marketers for the South African market are proposed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die volgehoue groei in internasionale handel het daartoe gelei dat ʼn verskeidenheid produkte van verskillende nasionale oorspronge deesdae in baie lande regoor die wêreld beskikbaar is. Weens die feit dat die sogenaamde “land van oorsprong” van ʼn produk verbruikers se aankoopgedrag kan beïnvloed, het vooruitdenkende internasionale bemarkers begrip vir die feit dat hulle verbruikers se houdings teenoor beide plaaslike en ingevoerde produkte moet ondersoek, en hierdie resultate moet gebruik in die formulering van meer suksesvolle bemarkingstrategieë. Vorige navorsing oor “land van oorsprong” studies het die konsep van verbruikers-etnosentrisme geïdentifiseer as ʼn moontlike rede waarom verbruikers eerder „n plaaslike as ʼn ingevoerde produk sou aankoop. Die uitgangspunt is dat hul nasionalistiese emosies die houding en aankoopintensie van verbruikers kan beïnvloed. In kort impliseer verbruikers-etnosentrisme dat verbruikers sal voel die aankoop van buitelandse produkte is verkeerd, aangesien dit die plaaslike ekonomie kan skaad en werkverliese tot gevolg mag hê in industrieë wat deur invoere geraak word. Oor die jare is die konsep van verbruikers-etnosentrisme aktief nagevors in veral ontwikkelde lande, maar dit blyk dat daar ʼn groot leemte bestaan ten opsigte van kennis oor verbruikers-etnosentrisme in ontwikkelende lande. Om hierdie probleem aan te spreek is die primêre doelstelling van hierdie studie om verbruikers-etnosentrisme in ʼn ontwikkelende land (Suid-Afrika) te ondersoek. Die studie begin met ʼn literatuuroorsig wat aspekte insluit soos bemarking, verbruikersgedrag, globalisasie, die land van oorsprong fenomeen en verbruikers-etnosentrisme- verskynsel. Die literatuuroorsig is gevolg deur ʼn empiriese studie om verbruikers-etnosentrisme in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek. ʼn Unieke bydrae van hierdie studie is dat verbruikers-etnosentrisme ondersoek is tussen verskillende rassegroepe. Dit is hoofsaaklik gedoen om vas te stel of daar wesentlike verskille sou wees tussen verskillende rassegroepe ten opsigte van verbruikers-etnosentrisme en ander veranderlikes wat verband hou met internasionale bemarking. Uit die literatuur is ʼn konseptuele model (met sestien veranderlikes) ontwikkel as ʼn riglyn om die volgende te ondersoek: verbruikers etnosentrisme, hoe dit die houding van Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers (van verskillende rasse) teenoor buitelandse produkte (Chinese klere) beïnvloed en uiteindelik die bereidwilligheid van hierdie verbruikers om ingevoerde produkte te koop. ʼn Vraelys is ontwikkel om data van ʼn steekproef swart en ʼn steekproef wit Suid-Afrikaanse respondente in te samel. ʼn Verkennende faktoranalise is op die data uitgevoer en die resultate het aangedui dat die oorspronklike hoeveelheid veranderlikes (uitsluitend demografiese veranderlikes) gereduseer kon word na ʼn totaal van tien vir beide steekproewe wit en swart respondente. Hierdie veranderlikes was presies dieselfde vir beide subgroepe wat gebruik is. Die voorgestelde model is ook verder empiries getoets met behulp van die structural equation modelling-tegniek. Die resultaat van hierdie toets was die skepping van strukturele modelle vir beide steekproewe. Hierdie modelle illustreer al die veranderlikes asook die aanduiders van die metingsmodel en die strukturele verhoudings tussen die onderskeie veranderlikes. Die resultate toon duidelik dat ten spyte van die feit dat daar verskille met betrekking tot die impak van ʼn aantal veranderlikes op verbruikers-etnosentrisme was, die twee subgroepe relatief konsekwent gereageer het. Die resultate dui daarop dat die veranderlikes, cultural openness, patriotism, individualism, age, income, attitude towards human rights and history of oppression deur beide groepe as voorspellers van verbruikers-etnosentrisme geag is. Die verskille wat bevestig is, is dat die steekproef van wit respondente ook nasionalisme en geslag as voorspellers van verbruikers-etnosentrisme gereken het. Die resultate het verder bevestig dat die swart respondente skynbaar meer etnosentries as hul wit eweknieë is. Weens die verskille wat tussen die twee steekproewe aangeteken is, blyk dit dat bemarkingstrategieë wat verband hou met verbruikers-etnosentrisme nie presies dieselfde moet wees vir swart en wit Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers nie. Gegrond op die resultate is ʼn aantal bemarkingstrategieë vir die Suid-Afrikaanse mark geformuleer en voorgestel wat deur plaaslike en internasionale bemarkers geïmplimenteer kan word.
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Banyasz, Alissa M. "Predicting Religious Ethnocentrism of Christians Towards Non-Christians: Testing a More Comprehensive Model." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1436198354.
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Al, Zubia Salem. "La mobilité d'étudiants libyens en France : relever le défi de l'altérité - un pari impossible ? une approche quantitative et exploratoire." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1020.
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Notre recherche s'intéresse à la mobilité étudiante libyenne. Les particularités du public concerné ainsi que les objectifs de leur séjour en France différencient à plusieurs égards cette mobilité d'autres formes de mobilité académique. En effet, notre échantillon est constitué de professeurs (dans différents domaines) ayant repris des études et qui sont, en partie, des non-spécialistes en langue française, donc sans connaissance préalable de cette langue. Un certain nombre de ces étudiants était accompagné de leur famille. Ces faits constituent les spécificités les plus saillantes de l'échantillon d'enquête. L'étude s'intéresse, au moyen d'une approche quantitative, au parcours de ces étudiants « particuliers ». Notre recherche veut mettre en lumière les manières dont ces étudiants, qui ont longtemps vécu dans un système fermé où ils étaient, entre autres, exposés à la diffusion d'images négatives sur l'Occident ont fait face à une altérité linguistique et culturelle très différente de leur milieu d'origine. Elle interroge l'impact du choc culturel, les stratégies d'adaptation à des pratiques sociales qui ne leur sont absolument pas familières et leur disposition à l'ouverture. Une importance particulière est accordée à l'influence de la religion, base de leur culture d'origine, sur la perception de la différence. Nous montrons que la mise en perspective de deux univers opposés induira des questionnements sur l'autre et sur soi auxquels les étudiants répondront par une forte résistance au milieu d'accueil, nourrie par un bouclier identitaire omniprésent, même si l'expérience a permis à certains d'acquérir un regard plus large sur la différence et sur l'échange avec l'autre différent. Par ailleurs, l'étude pointe les failles du système éducatif libyen et de la politique éducative libyenne en général, caractérisés par un manque de vision globale et de décisions aléatoires. Par ses résultats, l'étude espère contribuer à améliorer la compréhension des problèmes spécifiques auxquels ces étudiants sont confrontés et qui rendent indispensables une préparation, un accompagnement ainsi qu'un retour réflexif sur l'expérienceOur research deals with the Libyan students’ mobility, but this study differs from the usual student studies due to the nature of its sample and the objectives of this mobility. Indeed, our sample is composed of professors (in different areas) who have resumed studies, a growing number of non-specialists in French who have never studied this language before, and finally the very nature of this mobility is intriguing because these professors have moved with their families. We are talking about the specificities of the Libyan students’ mobility. Through a thorough study, the work focuses on the journey of these students 'special needs'. Indeed this work is to measure the extent of the culture shock experienced by these very students. The analysis shed light on the dynamics of their representations. The encounter with other students revealed our own students many realities about themselves during their time at universities. Our students who also have developed strong resistance home about Western identities nourished by an omnipresent identity shield face challenges and have to debunk some misinterpretations. Although the factors influencing on the social background are important, we were able to identify the most important ones for our respondents. The study also emphasizes on the flaws of the Libyan education system, and the Libyan educational policies in general, characterized by a lack of global vision and partial decision making. The result of this study can contribute to better preparation for Libyan students who want to study abroad and also to suggest that more intercultural awareness must be taken into consideration when it comes to students’ mobility
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Apostolides, Anastasia. "Western ethnocentrism a comparison between African witchcraft and the Greek evil eye from a sociology of religion perspective /." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102008-151744/.
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Crane, Tara Christopher. "Adoption, construction, and maintenance of ethnic identity : a Scottish-American example /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946251.
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Moore, Bridget Rose. "Designing for multicultural and international audiences creating culturally-intelligent visual rhetoric and overcoming ethnocentrism /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0003036.
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Gu, Fang Flora. "Three studies on business-to-business relations effects of fairness, guanxi, and national animosity on firm performance in China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3625342X.
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Wagner, Linde. ""Eu" e o "outro" : executivos expatriados e itinerantes vivenciando uma nova realidade cultural no âmbito profissional e pessoal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18610.
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Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva que tem como objetivo entender como os executivos expatriados e executivos itinerantes estão vivenciando uma nova realidade cultural no âmbito profissional e pessoal. O problema de pesquisa constitui-se em identificar e analisar os entraves e os facilitadores com os quais os executivos expatriados e os executivos itinerantes se defrontam ao iniciarem suas atividades profissionais em outro país e utilizar este conhecimento para desenvolver meios para facilitar o contato intercultural, focando no executivo itinerante. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários abertos com quarenta executivos da empresa transnacional (quatorze executivos expatriados, onze executivos expatriados retornados e quinze executivos itinerantes). Para a análise das respostas às perguntas do questionário, utilizou-se a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados são apresentados em três conjuntos de categorias: vinte categorias iniciais, posteriormente reagrupadas em nove categorias intermediárias e, por último, sintetizadas nas categorias finais: A preparação para o contato com outras culturas, O contato com outras culturas e Desenvolvendo a interculturalidade. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a importância de não só executivos expatriados receberem treinamento intercultural, mas também os executivos itinerantes, que transitam entre as diferentes culturas das diversas localidades da empresa transnacional, necessitam de um treinamento cultural para embasar o contato intercultural. A pesquisa também indica características necessárias em um executivo itinerante e a importância do conhecimento prévio do idioma da localidade.This is an exploratory-descriptive research, with the objective to understand how the expatriate and itinerant executives are experiencing a new cultural reality in a professional and personal ambit. The researched problem consist in identify and analyze the barriers and facilitators that the expatriate and itinerary executives are exposed to when performing professional activities in other countries, and use this knowledge to develop ways to facilitate the intercultural contact, focusing on the itinerate executive. The data was collected using an open questionnaire with forty executives from a transnational company (fourteen expatriates’ executives, eleven returned expatriate executives and fifteen itinerant executives). Content analyze methodology was used to analyze the answers given to the questionnaire. The results are presented in three groups of categories: twenty initial categories, posterior rearranged in nine intermediary categories and, at last, synthesize in three final categories, which are: the preparation for the contact with other cultures, the contact with other cultures and developing interculturality. The obtained results indicate the importance that not only expatriate executives should receive intercultural training, but also itinerant executives, which transit the different cultures of the various transnational company localities, need a cultural training to base the intercultural contact. This research also indicates needed characteristics of the itinerant executives and the importance of the previous knowledge of the local idiom.
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Park, Hye-Jung. "A study of Korean consumers' behavioral intentions toward purchasing imported casual clothing and the impact of consumer ethnocentrism as an external variable : an application of the theory of reasoned action /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962551.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999.Consumer questionnaire (Appendice 4) is in Korean. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 240-244). Also available on the Internet.
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Case, Danielle. "The former Yugoslavia and Burundi/Rwanda, two case studies on the role of ethnocentrism in warfare." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22820.pdf.
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Busambwa, Kanunu Emmanuel. "Building a multicultural congregation at Central park United methodist church: paradigm shift from Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2009. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/333.
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The writer of this dissertation was in a very unique situation within the United Methodist Church. He was faced with as the first part of his title says, “Building a multicultural congregation.” In Chapter I we find that he lifts up the fact that the most segregated hour in the United States of America is the hour of worship for Christians every Sunday morning. In particular the writer was specifically concerned with Central Park United Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama where he was assigned as senior pastor. He was immediately faced the issue of a church in a community that had changed due to white flight. Chapter II looks at the ministry issue that faced Central Park. The researcher had to honestly look at how to respond to a dying church, a church that has a sanctuary that seats 500 people but only welcomed 45-50 people to service on Sunday. Previously, the church had failed to look at the change of environment and had not made any steps towards inclusivity of the changed neighborhood that was now predominately African American. The researcher look at a systematic way offered by Robert Dale and Martin Samnen of tracking the growth of the church. As well as Mark Chaves’ book Congregations in America. It was in the reading of the aforesaid book he found the undergirding of how to deal with the issue of racism by providing for Central Park a model for racial reconciliation in worship. It was detenmned that a ministry of empowerment and spiritual growth was needed in order for Central Park to make any transition. Other resource matenal used to help address the ministry issue were Transforming Mission Paradigm S/il/is in Theology ofMission (American Society of Missiology) by David Bosch and The Church Enslaved. A Spirituality of Racial Reconciliation We find the literature review in Chapter III that considered for addressing the issue of multiculturalism and diversity in the society at large. Donald McGarvan was looked at for his missiological perspective and Charles Taylor for the empincal perspective. For the theoretical perspective the researcher looked at Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. He reviewed the theological perspective from Alfred North Whitehead’s point of view The researcher was drawn to the Book of Matthew (28:18-20) in regards to the biblical perspective. For the purpose of clarity and understanding he used the Contemporary English Version for interpretation It is in Matthew where the great commission from the Lord is lifted about disciple making. Jesus talked about nations that need to be discipled, thus people from all different backgrounds, ethnics, colors and genders were included. The researcher felt that Matthew brought another alternative to the two existing contexts at Central Park. Chapter IV looks at A Strategic Model for Ministry. With a white congregation located in a 95% black community there was a need to build a multicultural congregation at Central Park. The preliminary consideration was that Central open her doors to the community surrounding the church and that they become a visionary church. A church that will own responsibility for her geographical location. This was done in phases. Phase one dealt with inside the church and phase two dealt with outside the walls of the church. A qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted which led to the proposed strategy for Central Park. Thus, implications of the project were reviewed. The final chapter of this dissertation Chapter V is the summary and conclusion of the project itself. The researcher looked at what was learned from the project and gave an evaluation of the process. He concluded that the project demonstrated that there is a need for a paradigm shift in how we do ministry in the church.
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Yi, Tong-jin. "The effects of managers' cultural distance, ethnocentrism, and quality-of-life (QOL) orientation on program standardization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38049.
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Beyer, Leslie Ann. "Mapping the semantic contour of cultures : identifying majority culture ethnocentrism as a means toward intercultural empathy /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193665233732.
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Lee, Dong-Jin. "The effects of managers' cultural distance, ethnocentrism, and quality-of-life (QOL) orientation on program standardization /." This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-152058/.
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Tsakona, Roumpini. "Corporate philanthropy and brand morality perceptions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33863.
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First, the current study aims to provide companies with a comprehensive understanding on how consumers' ethical associations emerge, so that they will be better positioned to design social strategies aligned with consumers' expectations, and communicate their contribution to several social needs in an effective way. In this context, the objective is to empirically investigate the effect of varying geographic scope of companies' donations on consumers' perceptions of brand morality. The second objective is to examine the impact that a company's donation size has, on consumers' perceptions of brand morality, their willingness to pay a price premium, and their intentions to spread positive word-of-mouth. The third objective of this study is to complement extant research on the role that various individual differences paly on whether or how strongly consumers react to a company's philanthropic activity. Specifically, this research intends to investigate how people's ethnocentric tendency, perceived social control, attributions about company motives, and cause involvement, are likely to exert influence on their perceptions of brand morality, positive word-of-mouth intentions, and willingness to pay more. The final objective of this research is to add knowledge to the literature on potential outcomes of perceived brand morality, which has currently received little attention. More specifically, the question that will be addressed in this study is whether, and to what extent, consumers' positive word-of-mouth communication intentions, and willingness to pay more are affected by their perceptions of the brand's morality.
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Bhattacharya, Anindya. "Shifting paradigms:politics of authorial represention of the partition of India in novels in English." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2490.
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Reynoso, Landeros Victor Manuel, and Sebastian Lang. "The Enchilada effect: Do ethnocentrism,affinity & PCI influence the COO effect onconsumers’ foreign product attribute andtype preferences?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18391.
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Purpose: To identify the relevance ethnocentrism, affinity and product country-image (the three theory effect affectionately called “the enchilada effect” by the authors) have on the consumers’ decision-making process as well as their effect on the consumers’ preferences for certain product attribute importance and types. Problem: In modern society most marketplaces around the world are full of foreign products. The importance ethnocentrism and the country of origin (COO) effect have on the consumers’ decision process has already been studied and identified on several researches along several decades. This mentioned, the authors think not only ethnocentrism, but also affinity and PCI might have an effect on this decision process as well. Therefore, they believe this to be an interesting and important consumer behavior phenomenon to investigate. Further, they want to identify how much these theories influence the consumers in two areas: first, the relative preferences of 8 attributes importance (price, quality, design, weight, energy saving, capacity, material, and HDD storage capacity) distributed in 4 product categories (laptops, refrigerators, bicycles and shoes); and second, their effect on consumers’ preferences over two types of product versions (low-end versus high-end) that differ in price and their added features with the basic price-quality relationship i.e. the more expensive the better it is.
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Hinenoya, Kimiko. "A sociolinguistic study of the effects of ethnocentrism and cultural traits on proficiency of Japanese speakers of English." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40160.pdf.
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Ding, Qing Shan. "The effects of country of origin, consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity on product preference and willingness to buy." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9018.
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This study's primary aim is to explain Urban Adult Chinese Consumers' preference between foreign and Chinese products. It examines how Country of Origin (COO), Consumer Ethnocentrism (CE) and Consumer Animosity (CA) influence Urban Adult Chinese Consumers' product preference and willingness to buy. The existing knowledge is divided on this issue. By reviewing the relevant literature, it is clear that there are two completely different approaches of investigating the impact of COO on Chinese consumers. The researcher of this current study classified the two opposing methods as 'the simplistic approach' and 'the cautious approach'. Studies follow 'the simplistic approach' firmly believe Chinese consumers overwhelmingly evaluate foreign products positively and they have a strong preference for foreign products. Research follows 'the cautious approach' argues that Chinese consumers' complexity and internal differences cannot be ignored, some of them prefer Chinese products and they cannot be simply considered as in favour of foreign products. Past studies all concluded that Chinese consumers hold low to moderate level of CE beliefs. However, two investigations concluded Chinese consumers harbour strong animosity towards the Japanese. This study follows the philosophical understanding of pragmatism. The research questions are the most important factors that determine the research strategy and quantitative and qualitative methods can complement each other to address the research problem. This study employs a concurrent embedded mixed methods research strategy that consists of a street survey and semi-structured interviews. Due to the distribution pattern of the quantitative data, this study used non-parametric analysis methods including: Chi-Square Test for Independence, Spearman's Rank Order Correlations, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis Test. The qualitative section of the investigation focuses on four issues: how Urban Adult Chinese Consumers (UACC) determine whether a product is foreign or Chinese, sources and background of animosity, the impact of domestic alternatives and areas for Chinese products to improve. This study discovered that UACC's preference between foreign and Chinese products remain divided. They cannot be simply considered overwhelmingly in favour of foreign products or prefer Chinese products. For those UACC have a preference for foreign products, quality and design are the main two reasons. Desire to support China's domestic industry and patriotism are the main driving forces behind some UACC's preference of Chinese products. UACC holds low to moderate level of CE beliefs, which suggests they are worldminded consumers that capable of evaluate foreign products based on merits, without strong negative bias. UACC have strong animosity towards the Japanese, but antagonistic sentiments towards the Americans and French are relatively low. There are complex sources of animosity and this study identified a wide range of factors that contributed to UACC's strong animosity towards the Japanese. The main area of original contribution of this study concentrates on Consumer Animosity. It discovered a wide range of sources of animosity towards the Japanese and constructed an enhanced animosity model.
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Stankevičienė, Gintarė. "Etnocentrizmo panaudojimas turizmo sektoriaus konkurencingumui didinti." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110705_170622-07638.
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Turizmas yra viena iš sparčiausiai augančių pramonės šakų, kai kurioms šalims tai vienintelis būdas gauti pajamas. Turizmas kuo toliau tuo svarbesnis ne tik žmonėms, bet ir šalims – pritraukiami didesni turistų srautai, gaunamos didesnės pajamos padeda tapti šaliai konkurencingesne. Tam, kad turizmo sektorius būtų konkurencingas, svarbu įvertinti įvairius faktorius, kurie didina sektoriaus konkurencingumą. Etnocentrizmas šiame darbe bus pritaikomas turizmo sektoriaus konkurencingumui didinti – bus bandoma išsiaiškinti kaip jis veikia būtent šį sektorių, kokios galimybės padidinti sektoriaus konkurencingumą pasitelkus šį reiškinį.-.
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Alejandro, Audrey. "La thèse de la domination occidentale face à l'épreuve de la réflexivité : "nous" et les chercheurs indiens et brésiliens en Relations internationales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0445/document.
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Cette recherche interroge le problème auquel se trouvent confrontés les chercheurs qui, en Relations Internationales, dénoncent la domination « occidentale » au sein de cette discipline. Afin de promouvoir le dialogue et la diversité à l’échelle globale, ils défendent l’intérêt d’une démarche réflexive contre les pratiques de fermeture et de hiérarchisation exercées, selon eux, par les chercheurs « mainstream » « positivistes ». Vingt ans après les débuts du programme réflexiviste cependant, l’émergence d’une autocritique sème le doute sur les capacités de ce projet à produire une alternative aux pratiques académiques qu’il dénonce: les chercheurs réflexivistes en Relations Internationales reproduisent-ils la « domination occidentale » qu’ils révoquent ?Pour mener à bien cette recherche, nous avons analysé la publication internationale en Relations Internationales comme une situation d’énonciation à laquelle nous participons en tant que chercheuse réflexiviste. Une enquête socio-historique, menée sur l’internationalisation des chercheurs en RI en Inde et au Brésil, ainsi que l’analyse de différents corpus composés des discours des agents sur lesquels portent notre enquête (les chercheurs « réflexivistes », les chercheurs « mainstream », et les chercheurs indiens et brésiliens), représentent nos sources principales.Conformément aux soupçons formulés par l’autocritique, notre travail met en avant l’eurocentrisme de la thèse de la domination occidentale. Il révèle en outre la naturalisation particulière des rapports sociaux produits par le réflexivisme du fait de son ambition émancipatrice. Cependant, contrairement à cette critique de la critique, nous percevons comme un point positif la prise en compte, par les réflexivistes, de leur participation aux processus de hiérarchisation académique. En effet, notre expérimentation montre que l’acceptation de notre participation aux rapports sociaux que nous étudions a représenté la condition nécessaire pour transformer nos propres rapports sociaux, dans le sens de la diversité et du dialogue académique que nous recherchonsThis research focuses on the problems faced by International Relations scholars who denounce the « Western »-domination of their discipline. In order to promote academic dialogue and diversity, they defend the use of reflexivity against the parochial and discriminative practices allegedly conducted by those they designate as the « mainstream » « positivist » literature. Twenty years after the beginning of the movement, self-criticisms have emerged among the reflexivists. This self-critical appraisal suspects reflexivism of not being able to produce an alternative to the academic practices it denounces; are reflexivist scholars merely reproducing the « Western-domination » they denounce?In order to complete this research, I have analysed International Relations international publication processes as a situation of utterance in which I participate as a reflexivist researcher. A socio-historical investigation on the internationalisation of International Relations in Brazil and India, as well as a textual analysis composed of the discourses of the different academic groups under investigation (the reflexivists, the « mainstream », and the Indian and Brazilian International Relations scholars) represent my main sources of analysis. In accordance with the self-criticism suspicions, my research puts forward the eurocentrism of the « Western-domination thesis ». It also highlights how the fact that reflexivism poses as « critical » generates a specific status quo. However, contrary to this critique of the critique, I consider that, by taking into further account their participation in academic discriminative processes, reflexivists are engaging an encouraging dynamic for reflexivism in International Relations. Indeed the experimentation I conducted through this PhD shows that the acceptance of our participation in the social dynamics we study represents a necessary step toward transforming our social relations in favour of more academic dialogue and diversity
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Tay, Chee H. K. "A consumer ethnocentrism model of foreign grocery retail store patronage in Beijing : do extrinsic cues and shopping orientation matter?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7841.
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The most widely used marketing concept to explain consumers' reluctance to patronise foreign retail stores and to purchase imported products is consumer ethnocentrism (CET). To date, however, research has mostly concentrated on the antecedents and consequences of CET, whilst little is known about variables that may offset the impact of CET. This study represents the first step in addressing this gap by examining shopping orientation, specifically utilitarian value, as a moderator of the relationship between CET and the consumers' willingness to shop in foreign grocery retail stores (WTS). Other important research gaps addressed in this study are context specific (i.e., consumers and grocery retailers in China), which includes an investigation of the impact of country-of-origin cue, store brand cue, CET and shopping orientation on WTS, the causal relationships between CET, WTS and customer loyalty (i.e., attitudinal and behavioural loyalty) as well as between shopping orientation and customer loyalty, and the robustness of the CETSCALE (i.e., CET measurement instrument) in relation to socially desirable response bias. Building on an extensive literature review, a consumer ethnocentrism model of foreign grocery retail store patronage was conceptualised and examined for its theoretical applicability in Beijing via an initial qualitative study. The conclusive quantitative phase was store-intercept surveys conducted in four Beijing hypermarkets owned by two established domestic and foreign grocery retailers in China; this achieved a total sample of 500 questionnaires. Rigorous statistical assessment of the collected questionnaires was undertaken, where the raw data was verified for data entry accuracy, missing values in the raw datasets were resolved via the multiple imputation method, and the multiple imputed datasets were assessed for outliers and non-normality. The conceptual model was then tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Based on conventional SEM procedures, the main results revealed that utilitarian value was a significant moderator of the relationship between CET and WTS, whilst the country-of- origin cue and store brand cue returned non-significant effects. In addition, store origin was a significant moderator of the relationship between WTS and loyalty intention towards foreign grocery retailers, i. e., this relationship was positively related for Beijing consumers who shop in foreign grocery stores but non-significant for those who shop in domestic grocery stores. The findings, theoretical and managerial implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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"Ethnocentrism." Absatzwirtschaft., Abt. f. Marketing, 1994. http://epub.wu-wien.ac.at/dyn/dl/wp/epub-wu-01_34f.
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Su, Ya-Ling, and 蘇雅齡. "Cross Culture Validation with CETSCALE on Consumer Ethnocentrism." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51532172922889114257.
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碩士清雲科技大學
企業管理系暨經營管理研究所
97
This research was intended purportedly to study and or to validate the CETSCALE that was used to measure consumer ethnocentrism. Shimp and Sharma (1987) developed a measurement scale preference to use domestic products against foreign products. The result was conspicuously apparent that Americans were realistically ethnocentric towards American-made products. However, Shimp and Sharma (1987) claimed that whether or not the CETSCALE could the applicable to other countries and fit to different cultures is entirely problematic. Their research was left over some unsettled questions such as demographic and socioeconomic groups and so forth. The present research was designed to validate the CETSCALE. The result showed that the scale could not be accepted universally, but could be only applicable to the case that is similar to that of America, but not to those that are different from America.
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Cheng, Yu-Ru, and 程郁茹. "The Moderating Effects of Conspicuous Consumption and Ethnocentrism on Purchasing." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40078512203708053400.
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碩士淡江大學
國際貿易學系國際企業學碩士班
95
We are living in a time of internationalization nowadays, which is rife with different matters that come from different nations. Nevertheless, there are lots of brand products in the market which all come from different countries. Above all, when consumers are faced with numerous products, the manufacturer not only realizes what clues consumers depend on purchasing products, but it’s also important to know how their tendency of domestic and foreign product is. When domestic enterprise encounter with international market, it’s note worthy that focusing on the product image of localization for using consumer ethnocentrism to evoke its purchasing behavior. There is no denying that Taiwan has developing in a highly advanced economy, it is not only a material wealthy society, but also has entered a conspicuous consumption level of behavior. The mainly purpose of this study is to understand the influence consumer Ethnocentrism and Conspicuous Consumption on purchasing. This study takes consumer Ethnocentrism and Conspicuous Consumption as the moderate variables to analyze the moderating effects of Conspicuous Consumption and Ethnocentrism on purchasing. We apply Multiple Regression Analysis method to confer the influence of Perceived quality, Perceived value and Purchase intention between domestic and foreign products. The results of this study indicate: (1) Taiwan consumers have preferable evaluation of quality and Perceive value for foreign well-known brand product than domestic brand product. (2) Purchase intention is significantly affected by Perceive quality and Perceive value. (3) Purchase intention is significantly positively affected by Perceive quality and Perceive value of foreign product when Social status demonstration, as a dimension of Conspicuous Consumption is used as moderator. (4) Purchase intention is significantly negatively affected by Perceive quality and Perceive value of foreign product when Socio-economic conservatism, as a dimension of Ethnocentrism is used as moderator.
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Nien, Han-Peng, and 粘漢鵬. "Influences of Country of Origin and Consumer Ethnocentrism on Brand Preferences." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06458507958893365213.
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碩士國立中興大學
行銷學系
93
This study examines how consumer ethnocentrism influences preferences of imported or domestic brands of mobile phones while considering the country of origin effects. The CETSCALE was applied in the study to examine the intensity of consumer ethnocentrism. The data were gathered by conducting separate consumer surveys in Taipei, Taiwan, and in Shanghai, China. Stratified sampling was used in both surveys following the age distributions of the population between the ages of 15 to 64 in Taipei and in Shanghai. Total valid samples were 336 in Taipei and 281 in Shanghai. Four factors are extracted separately to explain the patterns of westernization of respondents in Taipei and in Shanghai. For the respondents in Taipei, westernization can be described in dimensions of experience, fashion, global view, and event. For the respondents in Shanghai, westernization can be explained in factors of foreign superiority, experience, interaction, and media contact. The CFA is applied in this study to examine the fit of the CETSCALE in two types of scales, the Likert scale and the RGT scale. Results indicate that these two types of the CETSCALE have their own dimensionality, and have appropriate reliability and validity measures. However, the model with the RGT type of scales seems to be relatively less consistent internally. The Likert scale of CETSCALE is used in the further analyses in this study and the CETSCALE can be easily compared with the previous research. The probit models applied in this research investigate the relationships between observable variables and purchasing intentions toward foreign brands. In Taipei and in Shanghai, if marketers want to sell foreign products to consumers, they may target those who are more westernized, less ethnocentric, married, younger, have positive attitudes toward foreign brands, and with higher educational levels. The respondents in Taipei and in Shanghai were classified into two groups, the non-ethnocentric and the ethnocentric groups. The significant differences of the CETSCALE scores between non-ethnocentric and ethnocentric groups are used as the base to term clusters. In the results of the cluster analysis, the non-ethnocentric consumers in Taipei purchase mobile phones more frequently than the ethnocentric consumers do. Nevertheless, non-ethnocentric consumers are prone to purchase the foreign brands. Non-ethnocentric consumers in Taipei have relatively less positive attitudes toward domestic brands, while the non-ethnocentric group in Shanghai holds more positive attitudes toward foreign brands. Apparently, the non-ethnocentric consumers in both cities are more westernized. In demographic variables, non-ethnocentric consumers are more likely to be single, younger, and have more experiences of overseas traveling in addition to higher educational levels. Interestingly, the non-ethnocentric consumers in Shanghai are significantly wealthier than ethnocentric consumers are. Conversely, the non-ethnocentric consumers in Taipei are relatively poorer. The results of this study indicate consumers in Shanghai are more ethnocentric than consumers in Taiwan in general. In both cities, consumers who have more experiences with foreign cultures or who prefer imported products rather than domestic products are likely to purchase imported brands of mobile phones. Ethnocentric consumers in both cities are relatively older, married, with lower educational levels, and have fewer times of overseas traveling in the past three years. Respondents in Taipei prefer Japanese brands of mobile phones overwhelmingly but dislike brands from China. Ethnocentric Shanghai respondents are loyal to domestic brands. Less ethnocentric Shanghai respondents prefer Korean brands. Taiwanese brands are the least preferred by respondents in Shanghai. The separation of Taiwan from mainland China about fifty years ago may provide some explanations in the ranking results in both cities. Animosity occurred from the historical war provoke the biases toward the products from each other.
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Teng, Chung-Wen, and 鄧淙文. "The Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism and Product Attitudes on Purchasing Behaviors." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x6nq24.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班國際經貿組
92
After Taiwan joined the WTO in 2002, most of the trading barriers which were built to protect the domestic economy need to be gradually eliminate and the local market should be opened liberally. Hence local companies must compete with many foreign companies which used to own plenty of capital assets and worldwide famous brands. In order to succeed in this competitive environment, market sales must realize all the factors which might influence consumers’ purchasing behavior and work out some plans to be successful under this situation. Ethnocentrism is the development from the concept of sociology which specifies the preference of individuals to view and evaluate the world through the perspective of groups they belong to. The theory of Netemeyer et al. (1991) pointed out that the ethnocentrism will affect consumers’ beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward local and foreign products. There are many more research exploring the country of origin （COO） are using ethnocentrism as a topic to discuss its influencing on the purchase of import products. Thus this paper is using consumer ethnocentrism （CE） and product attitudes to analyze their impact on purchase of local products. Besides, this study also used ANOVA to analyze if there are any differences in CE and product attitudes between different demographics. The conclusion of this study can identify result as following: 1. The consumers have higher ethnocentrism tendency, they will buy more local products. 2. There is a positive relationship between consumer ethnocentrism tendency and product attitudes. 3. The consumers have more positive attitudes toward local products will buy more local products. 4. The analyzing results of ethnocentrism in different demographics showed that women have higher ethnocentrism than men. And those at lower level of education, income and social economic status, also have higher the ethnocentrism too. But the age will not be affected by the tendency of ethnocentrism. 5. The analyzing results of product attitudes in different demographics showed that men’s attitudes on local made product are more positive than women. And the higher income and social economic status, the more positive attitudes toward local made product. But the age and education will not be affected by the product attitudes.