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1

Lauring, Jakob, and Jan Selmer. "Expatriate compound living: an ethnographic field study." International Journal of Human Resource Management 20, no. 7 (July 2009): 1451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585190902983215.

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Huot, Suzanne. "Co-constructing the field for a critical ethnography of immigrants’ experiences in a Canadian Francophone minority community." Qualitative Research 19, no. 3 (April 19, 2018): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794118769785.

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When conducting ethnographic research, immersion into the field and participant observation are essential characteristics of the methodology. As more traditional forms of ethnography have evolved over time to include contemporary approaches (institutional ethnography, feminist ethnography), so too have the fields where such research is undertaken. Indeed, the field itself is now recognized as a construction rather than a naturally occurring space. This article discusses the approach taken to co-construct the field for a critical ethnographic study of immigrants’ experiences within a Canadian Francophone minority community. It addresses how the researcher made key decisions shaping who the study population would be, and in collaboration with the participants then decided how and where data generation would occur.
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Harwati, Lusia Neti. "Ethnographic and Case Study Approaches: Philosophical and Methodological Analysis." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.2p.150.

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In qualitative methods, there are various approaches that can be used to answer particular social questions, for example ethnography and case study. Two studies conducted by different researchers in China and Australia using these approaches were described and analysed in order to find out their similarities and differences in terms of philosophical and methodological perspectives, in the hope that it will provide an insightful contribution to a critical review of ethnography and case study reports. It is found that the ethnograpic study in China was clasiffied in ethnographic fieldwork, whereas the case study conducted in Australia was categorised in explanatory, multi-cases study. Furthermore, these two studies produced different knowledge within the field of education. The first study revealed that basic education were related to literacy, numeracy, and cultural characteristics of China, whereas the study conducted in Australia offered statistical data that can be used to explain minority languages maintenance program in Wollongong-Shellharbour. In relation to their methodoligal practices, however, focus group discussion and interview conducted in Zhejiang Province, China produced irrelevant data and those had been held in Wollongong, Australia, had limited participants.
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Gosovic, Anna Kirkebæk Johansson. "Gifts, reciprocity and ethically sound ethnographic research: a reflexive framework." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 9, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-02-2019-0011.

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Purpose Within organizational ethnography, getting access to relevant field sites often requires us to draw on personal and professional networks. Likewise, externally funded research is no longer a rarity. The question is what such financial and social ties mean for our research practices as organizational ethnographers and for our interactions with and descriptions of the field. The purpose of this paper is to address this question and to develop our understanding and practice of organizational ethnography by expanding the methodological literature on research ethics as well as our tools to evaluate research quality. Design/methodology/approach Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a multinational pharmaceutical corporation, and building on previous literature on ethics and quality in qualitative research, this paper introduces a reflexive framework for understanding our personal and financial entanglements in the field and the possible impact of such entanglements on our research findings and representation of informants and events. Findings Drawing on anthropological theory of reciprocity and gift-giving, the paper argues that social and financial entanglements with the field will urge the ethnographer to reciprocate; e.g. by thinking twice about unflattering representations and criticism of those with whom we are entangled. However, the paper further argues that such reflections are an important part of conducting ethically sound ethnographic research. Originality/value Rather than subscribing to an illusion of independent research, this paper demonstrates how we as organizational ethnographers get entangled with the fields that we study and what implications this might have for our practices and representations of these fields.
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Schmid, Christian Johann. "Ethnographic Gameness: Theorizing Extra-methodological Fieldwork Practices in a Study of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 50, no. 1 (October 17, 2020): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241620964945.

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This article theorizes the fieldwork experiences that I gained while studying outlaw biker subculture. Drawing on Bourdieu’s practice theory and Goffman’s dramaturgical interactionism, I argue that ethnography in practice is pre-disposed by the ethnographer’s primary habitus, which shapes symbolic interaction. To substantiate this claim, I disclose my own upbringing in a troubled working-class family and my personal ties with outlaw bikers, both prior to and beyond my research. This article then illustrates how my habitus helped me to compensate for the vagueness of ethnography in theory with regard to three recurrent issues of fieldwork, which are the practices of (1) approaching/entering the field, (2) negotiating participation, and (3) managing (un)fortunate circumstances. After reflecting on my cleft habitus as the buddy and/or researcher in ethnographic practice, this article concludes with the metaphor of gameness. This concept, which is borrowed from early prize fighting, is used to outline and label the ideal-type of the ethnographer who is well-suited for the immersion into deviant, criminalized, or otherwise culturally elitist fields.
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Kavanaugh, Philip R., and R. J. Maratea. "Digital Ethnography in an Age of Information Warfare: Notes from the Field." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 49, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241619854123.

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In this article we engage the nature and role of the Internet in ethnographic research and reflect on how ethnographic methodologies may be adapted when researching digital forms of communication. We further consider how recent shifts in both the production and dissemination of textual discourse in networked media environments complicates conventional approaches to digital ethnography. Drawing on examples from our field research, our principal objective is to apply a Foucauldian structural perspective to David Altheide’s ethnographic content analysis to better contextualize the study of digital communiqué in a cultural moment where discourses are increasingly surveilled, modified, censored and weaponized.
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7

Aij, Kjeld Harald, Merel Visse, and Guy A. M. Widdershoven. "Lean leadership: an ethnographic study." Leadership in Health Services 28, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-03-2014-0015.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide a critical analysis of contemporary Lean leadership in the context of a healthcare practice. The Lean leadership model supports professionals with a leading role in implementing Lean. This article presents a case study focusing specifically on leadership behaviours and issues that were experienced, observed and reported in a Dutch university medical centre. Design/methodology/approach – This ethnographic case study provides auto-ethnographic accounts based on experiences, participant observation, interviews and document analysis. Findings – Characteristics of Lean leadership were identified to establish an understanding of how to achieve successful Lean transformation. This study emphasizes the importance for Lean leaders to go to the gemba, to see the situation for one’s own self, empower health-care employees and be modest. All of these are critical attributes in defining the Lean leadership mindset. Originality/value – In this case study, Lean leadership is specifically related to healthcare, but certain common leadership characteristics are relevant across all fields. This article shows the value of an auto-ethnographic view on management learning for the analysis of Lean leadership. The knowledge acquired through this research is based on the first author’s experiences in fulfilling his role as a health-care leader. This may help the reader examining his/her own role and reflecting on what matters most in the field of Lean leadership.
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Nolas, Sevasti-Melissa, and Christos Varvantakis. "Field Notes for Amateurs." Social Analysis 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2019.630308.

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In this article we develop the idea of ethnography as a practice of desire lines. Lines of desire are pedestrian footpaths that are at once amateurish and playful, and that deviate from the grids and schemes of urban planners. We argue that ethnography has always been so at the same time as also being highly professionalized. The article explores these tensions between desire lines and professionalization as they became evident to us during a funded, international multi-modal ethnographic study with children—a study, we argue, that rendered us childlike. We conclude that being childlike and ‘out of line’ is an appropriate and necessary response for knowledge creation at a time of heightened professionalization in the academy.
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Gertner, Alex K., Joshua Franklin, Isabel Roth, Gracelyn H. Cruden, Amber D. Haley, Erin P. Finley, Alison B. Hamilton, Lawrence A. Palinkas, and Byron J. Powell. "A scoping review of the use of ethnographic approaches in implementation research and recommendations for reporting." Implementation Research and Practice 2 (January 2021): 263348952199274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633489521992743.

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Background: Researchers have argued for the value of ethnographic approaches to implementation science (IS). The contested meanings of ethnography pose challenges and possibilities to its use in IS. The goal of this study was to identify sources of commonality and variation, and to distill a set of recommendations for reporting ethnographic approaches in IS. Methods: We included in our scoping review English-language academic journal articles meeting two criteria: (1) IS articles in the healthcare field and (2) articles that described their approach as ethnographic. In March 2019, we implemented our search criteria in four academic databases and one academic journal. Abstracts were screened for inclusion by at least two authors. We iteratively develop a codebook for full-text analysis and double-coded included articles. We summarized the findings and developed reporting recommendations through discussion. Results: Of the 210 articles whose abstracts were screened, 73 were included in full-text analysis. The number of articles increased in recent years. Ethnographic approaches were used within a wide variety of theoretical approaches and research designs. Articles primarily described using interviews and observational methods as part of their ethnographic approaches, though numerous other methods were also employed. The most cited rationales for using ethnographic approaches were to capture context-specific phenomena, understand insiders’ perspective, and study complex interactions. In reporting on ethnographic approaches, we recommend that researchers provide information on researcher training and position, reflect on researchers’ positionality, describe observational methods in detail, and report results from all the methods used. Conclusion: The number of IS studies using ethnography has increased in recent years. Ethnography holds great potential for contributing further to IS, particularly to studying implementation strategy mechanisms and understanding complex adaptive systems. Plain language summary: Researchers have proposed that ethnographic methods may be valuable to implementation research and practice. Ethnographic approaches have their roots in the field of anthropology, but they are now used in many fields. These approaches often involve a researcher spending time in “real-world” settings, conducting interviews and observation to understand a group of people. That said, researchers disagree on the meaning of ethnography, which presents a challenge to its use in implementation science (IS). We searched for articles in the field of IS that described their methods as ethnographic. We then reviewed the articles, looking for similarities and differences in how and why ethnographic approaches were used. Many of these articles said they used ethnographic methods because they were interested in issues like context, research participants’ views, and complex interactions. We found a large amount of variation in how ethnographic methods were used. We developed recommendations for describing ethnographic methods in a way that readers can clearly understand. We also made several observations of the value ethnographic approaches can bring to IS. Ethnographic methods may be especially useful to studying unplanned and unexpected changes that take place during implementation. These recommendations and observations could be helpful to implementation researchers wishing to use ethnographic methods.
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Ophir, Yotam, Dror Walter, and Eleanor R. Marchant. "A Collaborative Way of Knowing: Bridging Computational Communication Research and Grounded Theory Ethnography." Journal of Communication 70, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 447–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa013.

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Abstract One of the great strengths of the field of communication is its interdisciplinarity. Yet this strength brings challenges, including rifts between diverse subfields. In this study, we illustrate the rich potential of collaborations across subfields. Specifically, we argue that due to often-overlooked epistemological similarities, unsupervised machine learning and grounded theory ethnography subfields are well-suited for an especially enriching collaboration. To demonstrate, a team of computational and ethnographic researchers together applied the analysis of topic model networks approach to ethnographic field notes. We illustrate how the inclusion of the ethnographer in the modeling stages, and of the computational researchers in the analysis stages, led to mutual reflexivity affecting every stage of the study, enabling profound reflections on the technical, conceptual, and theoretical pillars of both subfields. We conclude by discussing the potential future of such collaborative ways of knowing to open doors for cutting-edge interdisciplinary research for the new information era.
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11

Bonini, Tiziano, and Alessandro Gandini. "The Field as a Black Box: Ethnographic Research in the Age of Platforms." Social Media + Society 6, no. 4 (October 2020): 205630512098447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120984477.

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This article aims to provide a detailed rendering of the struggles we experienced while undertaking ethnographic research for the study of music curators working at online music streaming platforms. Based on the field notes generated during a multi-sited ethnography, the article will critically discuss the “black boxing” strategies employed by these platforms in order to protect themselves from public scrutiny, and how media scholars can counteract in order to (partially) circumvent the restrictions posed by them. In light of this discussion, we propose five tactics that we argue can be employed in order to perform ethnographic research in the age of platforms. We conclude with a reflection on what we can learn from “failures in the field” and why it is important to advance ethnographic studies of the new places of cultural production.
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Lippert, Ingmar, and Julie Sascia Mewes. "Data, Methods and Writing." Science & Technology Studies 34, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.110597.

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Methods have been recognised in STS as mattering for a long time. STS ethnographies establish a boundary object with which STS scholars weave a pattern: From such ethnographic accounts we learn that knowledge is produced locally. Ethnography has over the recent decades been highlighted as a key method in STS. And that STS ethnography is specifically shaped by being often configured to consider its forms of collaboration or intervention in the field. This special issue focuses on how methods matter, specifically on how STS ethnographic collaboration and its data are translated into ethnographic writing, or performative of other reality effects. Exploring STS’s own methods-in-action brings to attention the messy landscape of method practice. Our objective in this exploration is to develop a genre of writing about method that fosters response-ability and enables the audience of research output to position themselves between the research materials and practices that were invested into the study. This special issue hopes to contribute to STS engagement with its methods by way of methodography. Methodography serves as a genre of analytic writing, that articulates specificity and scrutinises the situated practices of producing STS knowledge.
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13

Thompson, Katrina Daly. "Fictive Fathers in the Field." Journal of Autoethnography 1, no. 3 (2020): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/joae.2020.1.3.265.

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Through my own narrative about my relationship with my fictive father in Zanzibar and the impact of this relationship on my research, in this autoethnographic essay I explore three themes: fictiveness, fatherhood, and the field. These themes tie together different aspects of the term “patriography,” linking them to ethnography and its subgenre autoethnography. Drawing on the term “patriography” as the science or study of fathers, I use the concept of “the field” to examine the impact of narratives about fathers on not only the field as a site of ethnographic research but also on the field of African cultural studies.
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Meerabeau, Liz. "Writing field notes in an ethnographic study of peers – collaborative experiences from the field." Journal of Research in Nursing 13, no. 4 (July 2008): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987107087556.

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15

Maddox, Alexia. "Disrupting the ethnographic imaginarium." Journal of Digital Social Research 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.23.

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This paper is a contemplation of a digital ethnography with the community surrounding Silk Road, the first widely used cryptomarket for drugs on the Dark Web. To position the study within the broader field of illegal anthropology, it provides links between the existing literature on the study of cryptomarkets with relevant anthropological scholarship. A theory of piracy is interrogated for its explanatory capacity of the digital pirates of the Dark Web. The start of the study unexpectedly coincided with the FBI seizure of Silk Road in October 2013. The field site disappearance provoked a practice-based and conceptual rewiring. The paper unpacks how the ‘hydra effect’ introduced to conceptualise resilient innovation within cryptomarkets can also apply to the multiplicity of identities linked to research practice. This effect also raises how the knowledge production within digital ethnographic practice may be reconfigured through notions of opportunism, replication, obsolescence, regeneration, iteration, adaptation and proliferation.
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Feig, Anthony D. "Technology, Accuracy and Scientific Thought in Field Camp: An Ethnographic Study." Journal of Geoscience Education 58, no. 4 (September 2010): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1.3534863.

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17

Hutchinson, Jonathon. "The Ethnographer as Community Manager: Language Translation and User Negotiation." Media International Australia 145, no. 1 (November 2012): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214500113.

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This article investigates the ethnographic methodological question of how the researcher observes objectively while being part of the problem they are observing. It uses a case study of ABC Pool to argue a cooperative approach that combines the role of the ethnographer with that of a community manager who assists in constructing a true representation of the researched environment. By using reflexivity as a research tool, the ethnographer engages in a process to self-check their personal presumptions and prejudices, and to strengthen the constructed representation of the researched environment. This article also suggests combining management and expertise research from the social sciences with ethnography, to understand and engage with the research field participants more intimately – which, ultimately, assists in gathering and analysing richer qualitative data.
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Rennie, Tullis. "Socio-Sonic: An ethnographic methodology for electroacoustic composition." Organised Sound 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771814000053.

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This paper outlines a way forward for an anthropologically inclined electroacoustic music. Considering the similarities in methodological approaches between the fields of ethnography and soundscape composition, this paper proposes to further the use of contextual information when making compositional decisions with sound materials derived from field recordings: a socio-sonic methodology. To begin the discussion, theoretical readings of sound in context are presented. Parallels are highlighted between the practices of ethnographic study and soundscape composition, illustrated with the work of Steve Feld and the World Soundscape Project. A brief consideration of the soundscape–acousmatic continuum with reference to works by Luc Ferrari, Denis Smalley and Hildegard Westerkamp is followed by a combined summation of ethnographic, soundscape and acousmatic approaches to outline a socio-sonic methodology for composition. Examples of work by Peter Cusack, Justin Bennett and Bob Ostertag are discussed alongside my own workManifest– a fixed-media composition based on field recordings and interviews made at political protests in Barcelona. The potential is for a music considered equally for its sonic and socio-political properties.
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Valero-Garces, Carmen. "Reflexivity and Translation in Cross-Cultural Ethnographic Research." International Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 4 (July 7, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v13i4.18952.

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The main aim of this article is to examine the role of translation in cross-cultural ethnographic research dealing with environmental texts. The main focus is on the analysis of linguistic issues that arise during field work when different languages and cultures that the ethnographer may not be familiar with come together. The study follows a qualitative methodology based on the analyses of ethnographer-researchers’ reflections and the translation of their notes as well as well as certain issues that arise when writing research between two languages and cultures when the ethnographer may or may not be familiar with.
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Geisler, Robert. "Cross-boundary and cross-discipline creation of scientific knowledge. The case of economic anthropology/ business ethnography." Pogranicze. Polish Borderlands Studies 6, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ppbs373.

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This paper aims to show business ethnography, or economic anthropology, as a field of science that is interdisciplinary in theoretical, methodological and subjective terms, i.e. it makes use of sociology and management sciences. What this means in practice is that it is simultaneously regarded a part of sociology, social and cultural anthropology, and management sciences. Additionally, this paper addresses the fusion of science and business in case of an ethnographer as an entrepreneur. The paper presents theoretical considerations of the new entrepreneurship model for collecting knowledge based on ethnographical research. It recommends ethnographic study as the most appropriate approach for doing in-company research. Such research can yield a deeper knowledge of the organization, its management and decision-making process. Observation, in-depth interviews and visual analysis produce case-specific insights. Even subjectivism and a lack of hard data may be less important given the efficiency of such research. Case studies on this type of research in business environments, especially in the USA on customer environments, could be reproduced at many levels of organizations.
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Dahm, Sebastian. "“Just Do It!”." Digital Culture & Society 3, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2017-0107.

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Abstract In this paper I present an ethnographic approach to the research of hackerspaces. It draws upon an ethnomethodological background in order to address the role of members’ skills and knowledge. To that end, I aim for an immersive ethnographic approach in order to achieve a first-hand understanding of members’ practices. In this, I draw upon ethnomethodology as it provides a rich theoretical and methodological background for the study of skill and knowledge, namely the call for practical knowledge as an analytical instrument (Garfinkel 2006). In order to fully understand the implications of social movements like hacking and making communities, appropriate research methods are called for. Ethnomethodology, with its tradition in the analysis of epistemic practices and embodied knowledge, can provide the means for a more immersive and reflexive ethnography. By using materials of my own ethnography, I demonstrate how active engagement with members’ practices can provide for a deeper ethnographic understanding. In order to overcome the challenges of the field, I chose to adopt a project of coding myself. This acquisition of field-specific knowledge proved to be not only a valuable resource for the ongoing fieldwork but could offer important analytical insights in itself. I will show that important facets of members’ meanings were accessible only through personal experience. I suggest a broader adoption of ethnomethodological principles in ethnographic research of hackerspaces as it accommodates the underlying affinity towards experimentation prevalent in the field.
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Wajsberg, Mirjam. "Following Fatigue, Feeling Fatigue: A Reflexive Ethnography of Emotion." Social Inclusion 8, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.3394.

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This article takes the emotion of fatigue both as its analytical object as well as a methodological tool to engage in a reflexive ethnography, to question the categorical borders of researcher, researched and the field, in the politicised context of migration studies. I do so by drawing on ethnographic material collected during my fieldwork between Athens, Hamburg and Copenhagen in 2019–2020. This article’s theoretical and conceptual framing is informed by feminist scholarship on emotions, as well as decolonial scholarship in migration studies. By bringing these theoretical threads into the conversation, I study the different qualities of fatigue, amongst others the collective; how fatigue circulates in and through the ethnographic field; and how it shapes relations between refugees, humanitarian aid workers, activists and researchers such as me. Following fatigue across and through its many different instances in this reflexive ethnography of emotions lays bare the uneven emotional geographies that exist and are (re-)produced in the encounters between actors in Europe’s migration control field.
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Ardiawan, I. Ketut Ngurah. "Ethnopedagogy And Local Genius: An Ethnographic Study." SHS Web of Conferences 42 (2018): 00065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200065.

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Preserving local genius is one of the ways to keep values existed in a society. In relation to that this present study aims to identify the procedures of traditional games called megoak-goakan , and reveal the ethno-pedagogy values contained within megoak-goakan. This study employs a qualitative view and utilizes ethnographic study. The setting of the study is in Buleleng regency, Bali. In order to collect the data, the researcher utilizes interview, observation sheet, and field notes. The interviewees were decided through purposive s sampling. Further, there are three main components of the data analysis comprising data reduction, data modelling, and conclusion. Based on the investigation, it is revealed that the procedures of traditional game of megoak-goakan are as follows: form a group, decide the snake group and the crow groups, line up and holding each other, determine the tail of the snake, the crow starts hunting the snake tail, while the head of the snake prevents it, the crow and the snake move freely as the agreement stated, the crow shouts as it catch the tail, and winning and losing are decided by whether or not the crow is able to catch the tail. In addition, this game is also expected to bring philosophical, anthropological, sociological, and psychological values.
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Moorhead, Alice E. "Designing Ethnographic Research in Technical Communication: Case Study Theory into Application." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 17, no. 4 (October 1987): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dkb7-mh03-n50a-36vj.

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Field study, using an ethnographic approach, offers a potentially powerful methodology for the technical communication researcher, a methodology that provides a useful balance to the strengths and weaknesses of experiments and surveys. Technical communication studies, however, exhibit not only the typical constraints of field research but several additional constraints inherent to research conducted on-the-job in business, industry, and government, which deserve consideration when designing research.
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Kupriyanova, I. V. "Methods of ethnopsychology in ethnographic research." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 15 (2020): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2020-15-190-194.

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The article substantiates the possibilities of using ethnopsychology methods in the field ethnographic study to study ethnic communities of different orders. The author considers the main area of application of these methods to be the sphere of intergroup interaction.
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Wakimoto, Diana K. "Ethnographic Methods are Becoming More Popular in LIS Research." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2013): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8bs5p.

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A Review of: Khoo, M., Rozaklis, L., & Hall, C. (2012). A survey of the use of ethnographic methods in the study of libraries and library users. Library & Information Science Research, 34(2), 82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.lisr.2011.07.010 Objective – To determine the number of ethnographic studies of libraries and library users, where these studies are published, how researchers define ethnography, and which methods are used by the researchers. Design – Literature survey. Setting – The researchers are located at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America. Subjects – 81 ethnographic studies of libraries and library users. Methods – The researchers conducted a literature survey, starting with a pilot study of selected library and information science (LIS) journals, to find ethnographic studies and to determine key terms in research using ethnographic methods. The researchers used these terms in the main study to identify more LIS research using ethnographic methods. The same journals used in the pilot study were then searched online as part of the main study, along with three LIS databases (LISA, LISTA, LLIS). The researchers also searched the open web in order to capture grey literature in the LIS field. All literature found, including those sources found through secondary citations, was screened for inclusion in coding. Studies with non-LIS settings were excluded as were studies that utilized non-ethnographic methods. The screened studies were coded to determine categories of methods used. Main Results – The researchers found 81 articles, reports, and conference presentations that used ethnographic methods, which they compiled into a bibliography. This is an order of magnitude larger than that found by previous literature surveys. Of these studies, 51.9% were published after 2005. The majority (64.2%) of the studies were published in journals. Many studies did not provide clear or detailed definitions of ethnography and the definitions that were provided varied widely. The researchers identified themes which had been used to support ethnographic methods as a research methodology. These included using ethnographic methods to gain richer insight into the subjects’ experiences, to collect authentic data on the subjects’ experiences, and to allow flexibility in the methods chosen. They also included the use of multiple data collection methods to enable data triangulation. The five main method categories found in the literature were: observation, interviews, fieldwork, focus groups, and cultural probes. Conclusion – Based on the relatively large number of ethnographic studies identified when compared to previous literature surveys and on the upward trend of publication of ethnographic research over the past five years, the authors noted that their overview study (and resultant compilation of literature from disparate sources) was important and time-saving for researchers who use or are beginning to use ethnography as a research methodology.
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Ward, Jenni. "Researching Drug Sellers: An ‘experiential’ account from ‘the field’." Sociological Research Online 13, no. 1 (January 2008): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1673.

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Ethnographic research techniques are well regarded as a way to elicit detailed understandings of human interaction. They are particularly useful for examining ‘deviant’ cultures and the dynamics of illegal activity. Though, ethnographic research on illegal activity can be ‘messy’. This paper reports some practical and ethical issues encountered while carrying out an ethnographic study of drug use and drug selling among ‘rave’ dance participants in London. In particular it addresses the issue of using friendship to assist the research relationship and the use of a semi-covert style of research. Connected to this, it touches on the emotional work of the fieldworker whilst undertaking ‘sensitive’ research. It makes a timely contribution to discussions of ‘reflexivity’ in the research process, as well as the discourse on social sciences research governance. It argues the standardized codes of ethical conduct can not easily be translated to ethnographic research on criminal activity, such as drug use and drug selling.
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Tsetlin, Yuriy Borisovich. "POTTERY PRODUCTION IN THE MORDOVIA DISTRICT: ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY." Samara Journal of Science 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20154211.

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The paper tells about the results of systematization and analysis of ethnography data on pottery production in Mordovia district, collected by alexander a. Bobrinsky in the beginning of 1960th during complete questionnaire work. there are 75 messages as from the potters themselves (very rare) as from their younger relatives, local school-teachers, and others. then became clear that most of the local potters were russian migrants (not the Mordovians) lived here from 17-18th centuries. distribution the russian pottery traditions destroyed the local Mordovian ones preserved only in traces. But the russian potters in Mordovia had retained more archaic pottery traditions than the same potters resided in russia. Just these traditions have a lot of interest to study. the author investigates the Mordovian pottery production through the system of Historical-and-cultural approach according to the universal structure of pottery technology and the whole pottery production process as a field of the human culture.
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Ouma, S. "„Markets in the Making“: Zur Ethnographie alltäglicher Marktkonstruktionen in organisationalen Settings." Geographica Helvetica 67, no. 4 (March 19, 2013): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-67-203-2012.

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Abstract. Drawing on the example of a research project on the extension of the margins of the global agricultural market through the workings of agribusiness in Ghana, this paper explores what contribution ethnographic approaches can make to the study of quotidian market constructions in organizational settings. It demonstrates how ethnographies of marketization can be grasped conceptually, epistemologically and methodologically, as well as what practical and methodological challenges such a practice-oriented approach towards the everyday organization of markets might encounter. By doing so, the paper offers a methodological contribution to the interdisciplinary field of marketization studies. Moreover, this paper urges economic geographers to further harness the epistemological potential of ethnographic approaches.
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Gelegzhamtsin, Tserenkhand, and Maralmaa Nagaanbuu. "Монголын угсаатны зүйн судалгаа ба орчин үе (= Этнографические исследования в Монголии на современном этапе)." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, no. 3 (November 5, 2020): 468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-3-468-480.

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Goals. The article aims to highlight the main results of ethnographic research in Mongolia. The basis for ethnographic studies in Mongolia was laid by the emergence of professional scientists in the late 1950s, development of research methodologies, and the formation of the main research directions. Since the mid-1960s, a new approach to ethnographic research has prevailed, and studies in the evolution of traditional nomadic pastoral culture in Mongolia began. It can be noted that during this period there were works on cultural anthropology. At the same time, the nomadic culture and customs of that time were described formally, with an emphasis on the historical period. The study of works from this period allows us to conclude that the research methodology was based on the fact that the reality of life rested on the source material and remained an ethnocultural fact that never lost its value. During the following decades, the main focus of Mongolian ethnographic research was, firstly, the study of the way of life of Mongolian ethnic groups, and secondly, the identification of the causes of cultural and ethnic changes. Systematic ethnographic research was actively conducted on various issues, such as animal husbandry, nomadic customs, settlements and dwellings, food, dairy products, clothing, family and marriage, religion, crafts and folklore. Results. Currently, the following can be noted. There is a development of theoretical research based on previously achieved scientific results. Field research methods of ethnography, social and cultural anthropology are becoming more complex, and the field of studying the cultural heritage of the Mongolian people is becoming more important.
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Condell, Sarah L. "Writing fieldnotes in an ethnographic study of peers – collaborative experiences from the field." Journal of Research in Nursing 13, no. 4 (July 2008): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987107087555.

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Mazzetti, Angela Stephanie. "An exploration of the emotional impact of organisational ethnography." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 5, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-07-2016-0018.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the diverse and strong emotions experienced by the researcher when conducting an ethnographic study in an organisational setting. Design/methodology/approach In this paper extracts from research diaries written over a three-year organisational ethnography study period are presented to the reader. Findings This paper provides an insight into the range of emotions that are experienced throughout the various stages of the research process from securing access, to conducting fieldwork and writing up research for publication. Research limitations/implications Although this paper focusses on organisational ethnography, comparisons are drawn with related disciplines and as such, this paper may also be of interest to those conducting ethnographic studies in other fields. Practical implications It is hoped that the sharing of emotional experiences will better prepare new organisational researchers for the emotions they may experience in the field. Originality/value There is a recognised need for more sharing of emotional experience in organisational studies. It is hoped that this paper goes some way to highlighting these emotional challenges and providing a catalyst for other researchers to do the same.
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Albu, Oana Brindusa, Frederik Larsen, Hallur Tor Sigurdarson, Kirsti Reitan Andersen, and Louise Lyngfeldt Gorm Hansen. "What is Business Anthropology? An Ethnographic Study of an Explorative Workshop." Journal of Business Anthropology 10, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v10i1.6328.

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The anthropology of organizations is always political; it might take place over shorter, as well as longer, time spans and in singular, pluralistic, or even virtual, settings. This paper addresses such issues by describing and analyzing fieldwork experiences of an academic workshop, which took place at the Copenhagen Business School in 2012 under the title of ‘The Business of Ethnography’. The purpose of the workshop was to create a forum in which to discuss business anthropology as an emerging field or sub-discipline of anthropology. The paper considers three conditions (reflexivity, familiarity, and temporality) which give the mise en abyme configuration of the field – the site where action happens – and pose significant challenges to contemporary business ethnographers. We argue that by acknowledging these three factors one can advance easier towards the ambitious goal of rendering organizational interactions intelligible and meaningful.
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Theodosopoulou, Irene. "Semiotic approaches to “traditional music”, musical/poetic structures, and ethnographic research." Semiotica 2019, no. 229 (July 26, 2019): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0123.

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AbstractThis text is a first attempt of approaching traditional music, musical/poetic structures and ethnographic research semiotically. The basic elements of traditional music (motives, rhythms, phonetics, performance speeds, modal systems, musical instruments, repertoire), the musical/poetic structures with morphological types and formulas (musical and poetic), musical and non-musical codes (verbal and nonverbal) during a musical performance (nods, movements, etc.) as well as the ethnographic research itself with its own “performances” (discussions with musicians, recordings, transcriptions, analyses) constitute groups of “signs” and codes that, combined together, create complex frames of meanings and re-definitions not only among musicians and revelers but also among ethnographers and their interlocutors and among ethnographic “texts” and their representations after multiple readings. This text presents elements that emerged after an enduring field research in Crete (1998–2008). The use of semiotics in the study of traditional music and musical analysis can constitute a useful analysis tool for ethnographic research from planning to composing ethnographic “texts” (texts, transcriptions, analyses). This text highlights the necessity of initiating a dialogue concerning the aspects and perspectives of a semiotic approach to musicology and music ethnography.
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Gololobov, Ivan. "On Being a Punk and a Scholar: A Reflexive Account of Researching a Punk Scene in Russia." Sociological Research Online 19, no. 4 (December 2014): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3486.

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Ethnographic studies of youth subcultures, scenes and urban tribes often rely on insiders’ accounts, where researchers investigate a social environment of which they are presently or formerly members. This approach raises important questions about the positionality of the researcher, and the reflexivity, epistemology and ethics of an ethnographic investigation, as different roles and engagement with the field, as well as the very identity of the ‘field’ itself, no longer fit into the methodological framework of traditional ethnography. This article explores the difficulties that arise during ethnographic research on one's own social world. I was actively involved in the Russian punk scene before pursuing my academic career in England, and in the framework of a research project on post-socialist punk at the University of Warwick, I went back to study this milieu as a ‘field’ in two different sites in 2009 and in 2010. The article shows the complexity of researching one's own subculture and demonstrates that active discentring of the ‘knowing authority’ in studying one's own ‘tribe’ necessarily involves a transformation of its main research paradigms, where epistemological and ethical issues appear to be rearranged in a new way which radically affects the methodological foundations of such an investigation.
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AUKLAND, KNUT. "Understanding Possession in Jainism: A Study of Oracular Possession in Nakoda." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 1 (July 2, 2012): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1200039x.

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AbstractPossession among Jains remains an almost unexplored field of study. Based on fieldwork at a Jain pilgrimage site in India, this paper presents ethnographical material on a hitherto unknown oracular possession cult. The paper looks at the ways in which Jains themselves understand and sometimes critique possessions, as a way of understanding Jainism itself. The ethnographic material is presented on the background of other cases of Jain possession, both in scriptures and other accounts, in an attempt to show how possessions challenge our understanding of Jainism as a religion. Furthermore, possession is not one thing. There are various types of possession—depending for instance on who possesses—and they have different implications in the Jain scheme of things.
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Krause, Jana. "The ethics of ethnographic methods in conflict zones." Journal of Peace Research 58, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320971021.

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This article examines the ethics of using ethnographic methods in contemporary conflict zones. Ethnographic research is an embodied research practice of immersion within a field site whereby researchers use ethnographic sensibility to study how people make sense of their world. Feminist, conflict and peacebuilding scholars who research vulnerable populations and local dynamics especially value ethnographic approaches for their emphasis on contextual understanding, human agency, egalitarian research relationships and researcher empathy. While immersion leads to knowledge that can hardly be replaced by using more formal approaches, it also elicits ethical dilemmas. These arise not only from the specific research context but also from who the researcher is and how they may navigate violent and often misogynous settings. I argue that many dilemmas may and perhaps should not be overcome by researcher skill and perseverance. Instead, ethical challenges may lead researchers to adopt limited and/or uneven immersion in their field site, not as failed or flawed ethnography but as an ethical research strategy that incorporates ethnographic sensibility to a varying extent. Examining why researchers may opt for limited and uneven immersion is important because in conflict research, stereotypes of the intrepid (male) researcher with a neutral gaze still tend to mute open discussions of how gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, class and other background factors inevitably shape immersion. This article seeks to contribute to creating discursive space for these conversations, which are vital for researchers to analyse, reflect and write from the position of a ‘vulnerable observer’ and incorporate greater transparency in the discussion of research findings.
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Mainsah, Henry, and Lin Prøitz. "Notes on Technology Devices in Research: Negotiating Field Boundaries and Relationships." Qualitative Inquiry 25, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800418806597.

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This article explores the consequences of ethnographic practice when social and mobile media are used both as tools for research and sites of study. We draw on incidents from our fieldwork practice to reflect on the research intimacies that are produced when digital media technologies bring different spheres of researchers’ worlds in close proximity. We show how managing the unstable rhythms and temporal structures of ethnographic fieldwork practice might involve dispensing a considerable amount of affective energy.
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Chughtai, Hameed. "Human Values and Digital Work: An Ethnographic Study of Device Paradigm." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 49, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241619855130.

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I examine Albert Borgmann’s concept of device paradigm as a way to underscore the significance of human values in one’s engagement with digital work in an organizational setting. Device paradigm explains the pervasive patterns of everyday engagement with information technologies as devices that facilitate prosperity without burden and efforts and, in so doing, can downplay the human values in practices. Although prior research has highlighted the significance of focal things and practices, much remains to be learned about the role of human values in contemporary everyday engagement with digital technologies. Drawing on a critical ethnography of everyday practices at an information technology firm (approximately 300 employees), I apply the critical social theory of Borgmann to analyze how digital work is firmly anchored in human values, and how device paradigm can be used as a critical lens to examine the contemporary everyday engagement with information technology. The study reveals that digital devices can have focal aspects and everyday places can be seen as focal places. Focal things are firmly grounded in focal places, which facilitate the emergence of focal practices. Ethnographers are encouraged to explore values in the field (held by people) as well as values of the field (attached to the places).
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Sugden, Jack Thomas, Daryl Adair, Nico Schulenkorf, and Stephen Frawley. "Exploring Sport and Intergroup Relations in Fiji: Guidance for Researchers Undertaking Short-Term Ethnography." Sociology of Sport Journal 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2018-0165.

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There is a key tension associated with ethnographic explorations into the lives of people in the Global South – ‘outsider’ researchers from the Global North who lack experience of the environments they are seeking to understand. A considered response, therefore, is for scholars to seek physical immersion in a field—to live among those they are trying to understand. Such ethnographic inquiries are optimal when researchers have the capacity to engage over long periods of time. However, in some circumstances, this may not feasible. Thus, questions arise about the veracity of field work investigations that are not only temporally brief but undertaken by scholars who lack local experience. This paper reflects on the experiences of a researcher who was faced with those challenges. It provides guidance as to how scholars might prepare for short-term ethnography (STE) in field work, along with the limitations and constraints of such an approach. The research centered on a sport for development and peace study into intergroup relations and ethnic separatism in Fijian sport.
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Vuojärvi, Hanna, and Saana Korva. "An ethnographic study on leadership-as-practice in trauma simulation training." Leadership in Health Services 33, no. 2 (March 9, 2020): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-06-2019-0031.

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Purpose This study aims to discover how leadership emerges in a hospital’s trauma team in a simulated trauma care situation. Instead of investigating leadership from a leader-centric perspective, or using a metrics-based approach to reach generalizable results, the study aims to draw from post-heroic theories by applying leadership-as-practice and sociomaterial perspectives that emphasize the cultural-historical context and emergent nature of leadership. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in a Finnish central hospital through ethnographic observations of 14 in situ trauma simulation trainings over a period of 13 months. The data consist of vignettes developed and written from field notes. The analysis was informed by the cultural-historical activity theory. Findings Leadership in a trauma team during an in situ simulation training emerges from a complex system of agencies taking place simultaneously. Contextual elements contributed to the goal. Clarity of roles and task division, strong execution of leadership at critical points, active communication and maintenance of disciplined communication helped to overcome difficulties. The team developed coordination of the process in conjunction with the care. Originality/value The study considers trauma leadership to be a practical phenomenon emerging from the trauma team’s sociomaterial context. The results can be used to develop non-technical skills training within the field of simulation-based medical training.
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Kauffman, Karen S., and Donna Hicks Myers. "The changing role of village health volunteers in Northeast Thailand: an ethnographic field study." International Journal of Nursing Studies 34, no. 4 (August 1997): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7489(97)00012-6.

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43

Rubio, Jesse W. "Neoliberal discourses in Spanish for business: An ethnographic classroom study." Journal of Pedagogy 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jped-2020-0010.

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Abstract Beginning in the 1970s, education has responded to the rise of neoliberalism across macro-, meso-, and micro-level contexts through shifts in practice and structure. Meanwhile, language learning is often promoted as an instrument in job attainment and transnational business communication. For example, in language education, courses in language for specific purposes, whose ubiquity continues to increase, often reflect the market rationality embedded in contemporary education and support an instrumental orientation to language learning. This ethnographic study investigates the neoliberal discourses taken up by students and the instructor in a university-level Spanish for Business classroom. Drawing on triangulated data from classroom observations, field notes, informal interviews with students and the instructor, and a semi-formal interview with a focal student participant, the findings suggest that competition, compliance, and individualism were among the ideological discourses of the classroom. However, while societal and institutional discourses of neoliberalism were often interpellated, they were also resisted. Implications for praxis are also discussed.
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Rhoads, Robert A. "“Whales Tales” On the Run: Anonymizing Ethnographic Data in an Age of Openness." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 20, no. 5 (July 10, 2020): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708620936994.

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This paper juxtaposes the ethnographic work of Alice Goffman, as presented in her book, On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City, with my own work involved in developing the article, “Whales Tales, Dog Piles, and Beer Goggles: An Ethnographic Case Study of Fraternity Life.” In particular, I examine anonymization issues arising from both works. The intent is to advance a deeper discussion of ethnographic anonymization toward responding to critics and strengthening the ethnographic endeavor in the field of educational research.
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Gad, Christopher, and Peter Lauritsen. "Situated Surveillance: an ethnographic study of fisheries inspection in Denmark." Surveillance & Society 7, no. 1 (October 13, 2009): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v7i1.3307.

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The field of surveillance studies has gained momentum and with that broadened its empirical gaze to include an increasing number of practices. Yet, the theoretical understanding of surveillance has not developed at the same pace.In this article two dominating metaphors, Big Brother and the panopticon, are critically discussed, and it is argued that fresh theoretical and methodological resources are needed. Using the work of Haraway and Latour the article develops an understanding of surveillance as a situated activity. This is done through an ethnographic study of the Danish Fisheries Inspection. “Situated surveillance” contains the important insight that it is inexpedient to define surveillance in general term and “in advance”. What surveillance is must be studied empirically. When interpreted as “situated” surveillance is never total, as anticipated in Big Brother and the panopticon, but limited and partial. Furthermore, surveillance is a result of work involving exertion, friction and resistance. Finally, the distinction between the observer and the observed is blurred, and surveillance becomes not only a matter of control but also of e.g. care.
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Kupka, Petr, Tomáš Šmíd, and Václav Walach. "‘I’d say it’s around me’: Introducing field analysis into bouncer ethnography – the case of a Czech city." European Journal of Criminology 15, no. 3 (November 14, 2017): 364–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370817739620.

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Bouncers have recently attracted the interest of criminologists, some of whom have utilized Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts to grasp the sociocultural realities of bouncing. The present study continues this line of enquiry, aiming to demonstrate that bouncer ethnography will benefit from yet another of Bourdieu’s concepts, that of the field. A study of bouncers in a Czech city is utilized to argue that (1) field analysis is a valuable analytical framework for ethnographic research in this context, (2) it allows relationships both among bouncers and between them and other relevant agents to be explored, (3) it has the potential to investigate these relationships without criminalizing them, and (4) it provides a framework for comparative studies of bouncing in different contexts.
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Seitz, John C. "Keep Research Weird: Psychoanalytic Techniques and Fieldwork in the Study of Religion." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 25, no. 1 (2013): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341257.

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Abstract Contemporary ethnographic fieldwork in the study of religion has made a relational turn. Research in this field is often explicitly conceived as a relationship between scholars and those they seek to understand. Knowledge is inter-subjective, the field agrees, and the only reasonable way to move forward is in open acknowledgement of this through attentiveness to the relational character of research. This paper aims to augment this relational turn by considering and addressing the risks it entails. Drawing on research experience among Catholics in Boston, it identifies normalization as a potential liability entailed in the relational understanding of research. Opportunities for enriched understanding may not emerge if researchers prioritize smooth relations with those they get to know. The paper explores the possibility that clinical psychoanalytic techniques of listening, while likely to make research relationships “weird,” may be an asset in the search for understanding in the ethnographic study of religion.
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Menchik, Daniel A. "Tethered Venues: Discerning Distant Influences on a Field Site." Sociological Methods & Research 48, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 850–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124117729695.

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Ethnographers often study those who periodically meet to interact in multiple venues. This article focuses on how people who share and engage in tasks in recurrently visited venues define and change their social projects’ problems and solutions. To address the complexities of this “meta-work,” I introduce the concept of “tethers.” Tethers are links across venues that people use to set and shift these problems and solutions that are continuously being contested. Drawing on examples from the author’s fieldwork and other ethnographic accounts of professional work, I examine three types of tethers: focal participants, things, and language. Paying attention to tethers also results in practical implications for managing subjects’ use of the ethnographer as a tether, making decisions about what venues to observe, and developing strategies for focusing one’s observations when in those venues. I argue that a focus on subjects’ use of tethers across venues helps mitigate the challenges ethnographers face when accounting for the influence of temporally and geographically distant sites of recurrent interaction.
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Ivanoskaya, Natalia I. "The Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum in the Realities of Social-Political life in the 1920s and 1930s." Historical Ethnology 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/he.2021-6-1.120-131.

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The article is devoted to the one of the most important problems in the history of museum studies, namely the state museum policy. Museums participate in the historical and cultural process, relying not only on the concepts and the objectives of academic disciplines, but on the public needs of a particular historical era and the influence of power structures as well. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of state ideological attitudes on the research works in the field of museum ethnography and on personal fates of employees of the Russian Museum Ethnographic Department in the 1920s and 1930s, using archival sources. The author introduces into scientific circulation previously classified directive documents which regulated museum activities during that period. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the museum employees’ field reports which give an indication of the shift in the methodological approach to ethnographic studies at the time. The paper involves personal archival documents which shed a light on the details of everyday life and lifestyle, the nature of relationships between people, determined by the political organization of society, among other things.The study leads to the conclusion that the powerful ideological pressure of the state that took place during those years negatively influenced not only ethnography and museology disciplines turning them into an instrument of socialist propaganda for a certain period of time, but led many ethnographers to tragic fate.
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Theofanidis, Dimitrios, and Antigoni Fountouki. "Refugees and Migrants in Greece: An Ethnographic Reflective Case Study." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659618781699.

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Introduction: Greece has experienced a double challenge of being under austerity for the past decade and also facing an influx of refugees and migrants (R&Ms), mostly fleeing war zones. The purpose of this case study is to report on a shelter camp in Greece. Method: An ethnographic case study technique was used. Data were collected via interviews, personal observations, and field notes. Analytic themes based on the coded data and personal memo writing were created. The sample consisted of the shelter camps’ living social reality. Results: Analysis revealed five thematic categories: ground rules, makeshift layout, food and drinks, children, and nursing perspectives. These were subsequently collated into a coherent “story” about routine daily life in the shelter camp. Discussion: As camp facilities had been hastily erected, the services were basic and life was harsh. The need to provide better facilities including social and psychological support for R&Ms is evident for this particular host facility. Implications for Practice: In Greece, R&Ms and staff cooperation is constantly sought as this new societal arrangement is a highly complex and volatile mix for everybody involved. Nurses have both a humanistic and a professional duty to be involved and help out. As the camp was run by the army, one could question the impact on culturally conflicting care provision.
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