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Academic literature on the topic 'Ethnologie – Mauritanie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethnologie – Mauritanie"
SY, MARIANE BABA. "Excision et changement social en mauritanie et dans les populations migratoires." Lyon 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO20028.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is : - to analyse the reinterpretation to which the operation (surgical act) is relevant, in the whole of representations relating to excision that explain its perenniality ; - to examine whate kind of relations excision (or its renunciation) maintains, with a series of factors (school attendance, ethnies mingling, social status, etc. ). In the first part of this research, we present the populations examined, their social structure and the conditions of the study. The second part deals with the meaning and the evolution of excision in the societies where modernity is marked by the development of the mass-media and population mingling ; and with the rush of excision in the immigration surroundings where it had never been practised before and where it is producing a culture schock. The last part emphasizes reflections about changes and prospects in the practice of excision
Boulay, Sébastien. "La tente dans la société maure (Mauritanie), entre passé et présent : Ethnologie d'une culture matérielle bédouine en mutations." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0022.
Full textThe Moors form an Arabic speaking society of the west of the Sahara (Mauritania). Following the successive drynesses of the 1970s and the 1980s, this society, organized around strong bedouin identity values, entered in a period of crisis without precedent, marked by a double phenomenon of settling process and explosion of the urban growth. The abandonment by the majority of the Moors of their traditional way of life is being translated into a certain number of social and cultural expressions, that we approach from the angle of the material culture and its recent changes, on the basis of the postulate according to which objects, in their technical dimensions but also in their social trajectories, are interesting ways of understanding societies. The material universe of the moorish bedouins is essentially composed of the traditional family dwelling, the black tent, and of the furniture that it shelters. Consequently, it is the hayma, in its various social dimensions (residence, architecture, ecology, domestic space organization, cosmology, marriage, techniques, identity, etc. ) and in its contemporary transformations, that constitutes the starting point of our ethnological analyses. If the traditional textile dwelling of the Moors gradually disappears from the rural Mauritanian landscape, it however remains at the centre of the moorish way of living and thinking and even experiments a manifest revival among townsmen (almost all former sedentarized bedouins). Indeed, since about ten years, the latest are using again the tent on many occasions (weddings, political meetings, holidays in the desert). Object of heritage, object of consumption, luxury article, the tent seems to become the symbol of moorish identities in construction
Leservoisier, Olivier. "Enjeux fonciers en Mauritanie : terres et pouvoirs dans la région du Gorgol." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H054.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to analyze, from a "longue duree" and dynamic approach, the evolution of power relations around the land in Mauritania, in the present context of the enphasizing dryness, the introduction of irrigation and the enforcement of new land laws, the aim is to show the complexity and variety of the land stakes on the right bank of the Senegal river and to understand in particular the tragic events of 1989 between Mauritania and Senegal. In the face of the current disruptions the accent is placed on the strategies of adaptation and the forms of popular action developed by the actors of the Senegal valley. One of the objectives is to question a dualistic analyze of the land situation in term of opposition between tradition and modernity, showing how a revitalization of some structures called traditional can exist in structures called moderns, particularly in the context of management cooperatives of the irrigated areas or of political elections. Jointly to that processes it is question of underlining the polyvalency of the protagonist behaviors. Beyond the contribution to the study of the land matter in the contemporary Africa, the results of this research present more general implications
Lesourd, Céline. ""Au bonheur des dames" : femmes d'affaires mauritaniennes de nos jours." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0226.
Full textParsley, Hi-Fi, equipment, cosmetics, pieces of furniture. . . 24 799 women are said to be in trade in Mauritania. Facing this increased female participation in trading and more specifically the growing number of influential businesswomen, we cannot but wonder about the emerging of a female business class. Indeed, as soon as the 80's reached an end, a few "batrounnes" (baronesses), specialized in the trading of western and asian imported products, took up the front scene of public life. Our work casts the light on the dazzling rise of such women : which basis did these female fortunes build up on, What are the means to attain financial as well as social success? Do men and women share such qualities of upward mobility and adaptability, Or can we pick out distinctive features according to gender? Thus, not only women are concerned, our study also wills to focus on the importance, if not the predominance, of gender relationships in this process of "making women visible" in those economic cercles where their part is barely highlighted
Kane, Hélène. "Négocier la guérison du petit malade : configurations d’enfance et accessibilité des soins à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0643.
Full textDespite the wide array of medical facilities in Nouakchott, access to healthcare and treatment for child patients constitutes a major public health issue. Rather than measuring the respective importance of a predetermined series of factors, the anthropological approach focuses on the sociocultural settings which affect access to care. The environments in which children evolve over the course of their illness must be understood both at a local and a global level. In this perspective, this dissertation outlines the cases of about twenty sick children, documented through interviews with the children and their parents. Complementary to these, interviews with grandmothers, an ethnography of urban therapeutic pluralism and formalized observations in pediatric wards were also conducted. The identification of children’s illnesses, formulated from popular knowledge associated with mothering practices and nosological representations, is studied among the Haal Pulaar. Conjugal models and kinship relations permit composite variations between urban and rural environments, as well as those of affluence or of poverty. These different family configurations not only affect the children’s possibility to express themselves about their ailments or pain, but also the decisional power of the mothers when seeking care. We then consider how the families evolve within spaces of therapeutic pluralism, perceiving healthcare options through the prism of their experience and their mobility. The unequal distribution of the medical offer, its lack of control and transparency, contribute to the isolation of certain children, who are limited to informal, underqualified home care. Finally, we examine the healthcare in pediatric wards where admission does not necessarily ensure systematic healthcare and treatment delivery. The cost of medical acts and treatment, operational norms and procedures, and the organization of medical work form a discriminating and selective framework for care. Confronted with the difficulties to access care, using their economic and social resources, family members and relatives strive to negotiate the therapeutic itinerary of their child. The analysis of the singular and temporary trajectories that result from these negotiations will elucidate the construction of social inequalities of health and healthcare
Artaud, Hélène. "La poïétique des flots : ouvrir, construire, et refermer la mer dans le Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0469.
Full textThe sea is not an immuable and pre-existent undifferentiated space. It renews, constructs and elaborates itself following distinct rationales which are complementary or conflicting, convergent or divergent. The imragen fishermen community of Mauritania shows an immeasurable diversity of arrangements representations and ways to domesticate the sea in spite of a strong pastoral base. The goal of our thesis is to reveal its uniqueness, its richness and its transformations in the aftermath of the Banc d'Arguin National Parc creation whose territory is occupied by part of these communities
Ciavolella, Riccardo. "Le pouvoir aux marges : les Fulaabe et l' État mauritanien." Paris, EHESS, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292887.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the relationship of some pastoral Fulani (FulaaBe) with the Mauritanian State, referring to a 13-months fieldwork in the capital city and a southern region (border with Mali). Living in the margins of state control, the FulaaBe have been incorporated into the state only in the '80s. This allows to understand how the historical trajectory of the group and the state-building process cross. Thus, the study focuses on two dynamics : on one hand, the construction of social and political marginality by logics of inclusion and exclusion from citizenship ("ethnic"persecutions of 1989, "autochtony" discourses, elitism and governance); and on the other, marginal citizens' strategies and tactics to cope with their condition (informal practices, political imaginaries, urban-rural relationships, associations, political criticism)
Bonte, Pierre. "L'emirat de l'adrar : histoire et anthropologie d'une societe tribale du sahara occidental." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0083.
Full textThe adrar emirate is one of the four emirates settled in mauriatnia since the end of the xviith century. This monographic study combinates the approaches and methods of history and anthropology. In the first part we analyze the categories of the pre-emiral society and the foundations of the emirate. In the second part are described the constitution and political and social organization of the adrar emirate. In the third part we study the evolution, during the xixth century of the "civil society", impregnated of the islamic values. The fourth part discusses with the french colonial conquest. The object of this thesis is to contribute towards studying the political formations of tribal, pastoral and nomadic saharan societies
Ba, Aminata. "L'introduction des medias modernes au sein de sociétés de l'oralité (Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal)." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20015.
Full textIn the early sixties, when most of the African states became independent, it was believed that the advent of new information technologies would give opportunities to developping countries. The main objective was the eradication of illiteracy by the means of modern communication technologies, such as educative television and rural broadcasting. At present results, look disapointing. During the introduction of these technologies, which were not really adapted for developing countries, the social and cultural realities of these countries as well as the impact of oral transmittance were ignored. Today, the link between oral transmittance and modern media is to be evaluated differently when considering urban or rural areas. The complementarity between the two communication systems functions in the urban areas because oral aspects (proverbs, tales. . . ) Persist in urban communities. In the rural areas, imported media are often percieved as belonging to the entertainment sector and this for two main reasons : - the high illiteracy rates, which encourage the traditional forms of knowledge acquirement, - the inadequate infrastructure that hampers development of communication facilities. The multiple consequences of this are : growing disparity between the urban area and the country side, unequal development of communication facilities and an increase of the communication gap between citizens from the same country. This situation creates a society in which, part of the citizens can develop a worlwide view while others have only access to a restricted choice of information channels
Ciavolella, Riccardo. "LE POUVOIR AUX MARGES. Les FulaaBe et l'État mauritanien." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292887.
Full textBooks on the topic "Ethnologie – Mauritanie"
Laiglesia, Antonio Carlos de. Breve estudio sobre las tribus moras de Mauritania. Madrid, España: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1985.
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