Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethnologie – Niger – Rites et cérémonies'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ethnologie – Niger – Rites et cérémonies.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Holder, Gilles. "Le système politique Sama : parcours et relations d'une société guerrière dans la boucle du Niger : analyse comparative." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100009.
Full textChalier, Visuvalingam Elisabeth. "Terreur et protection : le culte de Bhairava à Bénarès et à Kathmandou : étude des mythes, des rites et des fêtes." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100053.
Full textThis thesis is a monography about the god Bhairava, terrifying aspect of Shiva, the god of transgression par excellence, for he appears only to cut off the fifth heads of Brahma, bramhanicide being the most heinous crime in the Hindu tradition. But Bhairava is also a god who protects. The thesis includes five parts: 1) The mythology of Bhairava in the Veda and in the Purana. 2) Bhairava, the protector god of Banaras; description of the different temples and the worship of Bhairava in this holy city; 3) Translation of a few paddhati (ritual book); 4) Bhairava in Katmandou; myths rituals and festivals. 5) Bhairava worshipped by different sects in Hindu tantrism, in Jainism and in Tibetan Buddhism. The conclusion explains why the philosophical system of “Kashmir Saivism” has chosen Bhairava as the ideology of transgressive sacrality that forms theory essence of the conception of Bhairava
Walentowitz, Saskia. ""Enfant de soi, enfant de l'autre" : la construction symbolique et sociale des identités à travers une étude anthropologique de la naissance chez les Touaregs (Kel Eghlal et Ayttawari Seslem de l'Azawagh, Niger)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0157.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the event of birth, from the moment of conception to the end of the postnatal period, in order to define the underlying principles of symbolic and social construction of identities amongst the Tuareg. The ethnographic data come from field research conducted amongst the Inesleman Kel Eghlal and Ayttawari Seslem of Azawagh valley in Niger. Each element of the global process of "making" a child (mythical, physiological and spiritual) sheds new light on the different aspects of the tuareg kinship system. The study of rites relating to birth, documented by video-based photographs, completes this analysis and underscores the symbolic logic of the system, based on the complementary opposition of male/female principles, as in the brother/sister pair. An ethnolinguistic study of the archaic berber language of the Ayttawari Seslem is also presented
Arnal-Soumaré, Claude-Stéphanka. "Culture traditionnelle africaine et marquage du corps féminin : l'excision chez les Bamanan du Bélédougou (Mali)." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20024.
Full textThis sociological and ethnological analysis of ritual female excision practices was carried out in a traditional bamanan society in mali, where every young girl is subjected to removal of the entire clitoris with or without the excision of the labial minora (excision type ii). The thesis adopts an analysis of this practice in terms of ritual and demonstrates the need to place female excision/genital mutilation in the context of the wider values of the bamanan society. Thus, the pain and suffering endured during the excision ritual can be seen to play a major role in imposing the norms, values and behaviour that are required of women in the context of the dominant gender relations in this society. An analysis of the economic and social structures of the bamanan society serves to illustrate the subordinate position of women generally and leads to an analysis - based on observation and the songs sung during the excision ritual - of the parallel, but not equivalent, role played by male circumcision and female excision in the structuring of social relations and in the reproduction of traditional values, notably in terms of gender relations. However, the bamanan society is undergoing considerable change - the spread of western values, the gradual increase in the influence of moslim beliefs and transformations in the system of economic production. This changing context has a considerable influence on the female rituals, both in terms of their timing (birth, puberty, marriage) and of their adoption (comparison of urban and rural areas); its serves to transform the significance that such rituals had in the traditional bamanan society. This thesis aims to show that the future of female excision is closely tied up with the response that the bamanan society constructs in the face of "modernity"
Steinmann, Brigitte. "Les porteurs et le tamba : quelques aspects de la vie ethnique et de sa décomposition chez les tamang de l'est (Népal)." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100176.
Full textParis, François. "Les sépultures du Sahara nigérien, du néolithique à l'islamisation : coutumes funéraires, chronologie, civilisations." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010543.
Full textSeveral cultural areas are identified for the neolithic and post-neolithic periods through the study of funerary custums in the nigerian sahara. The radiocarbon datations of many sepultures allow to propose a schematic chronology for the human occupation of this region of the meridional Sahara, between 5000 bc and 800 ad
Szepesi, Gábor. "Approche cinématographique d'un rite et d'une technique." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100150.
Full textBoissevain, Katia. "Sai͏̈da Manoubiya, une sainte parmi les saints : pratiques religieuses et recompositions rituelles à Tunis." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100037.
Full textThis study has analysed the multiples faces of the contemporary cult of Sai͏̈da Manoubiya, a muslim woman saint of the XIIIth century, in Tunis. This complexe cult, practiced by men as well as women, is embedded in the sufi tradition of the Shadhilya brotherhood on the one hand, while also include in a network of local saint cult, which include possession trances. This work studies the way this cult is practiced today in Tunis by groups and individuals who differ in their relation to urbanity, knowledge, economic integration, territory and politics. Through this cult, which involves populations of different geographical and social origins, as well as saints and spirits with varied characteristics, we are able to analyse the central issue of the appropriation of this saint, and its variations. One of the particularities of this cult is the multiplicity and diversity of the groups who participate. As such, we observe in her sanctuaries individuals who are members of native families from Tunis, as well as people who have recently moved to the capital. This religious practice, enables dialogues between different levels of identity, and symbolic negociations which allow a form of integration into the city
Maurice, Albert-Marie. "Croyances et pratiques religieuses des Montagnards du Centre-Vietnam." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA048.
Full textNne'e, Onna Valérie. "Croyances magico-religieuses, imaginaire collectif et commerce : itinéraires de petits commerçants à Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0692.
Full textThis work focuses on small vendors belonging to the Beti-Fang community. From their perspective, a successful business is a prerequisite for personl fulfillment. This achievment, demonstrated by the recognition of the pre-eminent status of "man not", is a condition and a manifestation of "mvoe" (absolute form of welfare and the ultimate horizon of existence). Material and social peace is unattainable without a favorable relationship with the invisible world. In fact, they perceive the universe as separated in two worlds: "visible" world (in which evolves all living beings) and an "invisible" world (restricted to those with supra-human powers). The universe is also divided into "good" and "evil" fields according to their propensity to favor or harm the "mvoe". In order to protect themselves from witches and other "Satan's agents", the vendors have to get the support of powerful allies found in the "divine field", particularly in the Pentecostal churches. Despite its hrmfulness, the invisible world is a place of opportunities as well, especially for underprivileged groups. Prosperous alliances with invisible forces are supposed to ensure well-being and success in the visible world. This constitutes what we have called the "magical and religious capital", referring to the ability of an individual to mobilize agents with supra-human powers to effectively act on the intangible aspects of his life
Vidal, Laurent. "Les génies de la parole : rituels de possession en milieux Peul et Zarma au Niger." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H084.
Full textPeul of western niger have taken from their neighbours (the Zarma) the practice of possession's rituals which have therapeutic vocation. Presentation and analysis of a certain number of historical times that lived those populations (on the fringe of orthodox islam ans possession's rituals) permit to define the foundation of possession's culture and to question about notions of myth, traditional religion and ritual. This approach of possession is organized around an omnipresent speaking which gives meaning to those practices. The speaking is at the center of the illness caused by a spirit from beginning to end, going through diagnosis. Being efficient, the speaking must be developed in discourses which are the expression of a knowledge. This stake concerns every speaking, whether fits in with a ritual time or not. Besides a wellconsidered and protected speaking, we found an explicit and familiar vocabulary, which never makes a possession humdrum. The increase in the number of carefully phrased remarks and, also, of technical precautions, which are part of every intervention binded to possession, is the expression of the fear of knowledge's calling into question. . .
Le, Carrer Corine. "Le mouvement du monde : croissance, fécondité et régénération sociale chez les Ngobe de Costa Rica et de Panama." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0415.
Full textThe Ngobe society as studied through out rituals appears to praise brisk movement representing long life. Masculine and feminine puberty as well as birth ritual of the ka cycle institute the life brisk movement on which human growth is depending, while slowness defining pregnancy contravene this life-giving motion. Spouses' activities, social interactions and relationships with hunting game are strongly restricted along maternity since pregnancy impedes the growth of humans and animals. Alike the self-propagating ka that gives the name to the ceremonial cycle, the rituals examined here express growth of humanity in a ways evoking plant growth, parallel to specific timely steps of the food-producing cycle depending on referring either trees or plants. On one level, the giving birth woman is close to a tree while initiating her acknowledged fecundity with her very first born, the mubaj child that matches the kwa mubaj - the first cacao of the first cacao-tree's fructification. As a kind of offshoot, the mubaj offspring triggers female fecundity, open path to the couple's progeny without creating any elderly order, the most distinctive timeless dimension of the Ngobe society. Emerging only within the considered rituals, the notion of bromon is tied to giving birth to fresh bodies. Distribution bromon regenerate the named territorial group (-bu) in which comes the newborn and to which he will pertain if he successfully grows up on the group's land. At play in Ngobe's rituals is never slowing down the life brisk movement so the world is perpetually renewed
Trabelsi, Hamida. "Le sacrifice sanglant : histoire et anthropologie d'un rite de protection en Tunisie." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0734.
Full textIn Tunisia, as in the entire Arab-speaking world, suffering and pain are perceived as the combined affect of qaḍā' wa qadar (predestination and fatalism) and the result of harmful supernatural forces such as the evil eye and djinns. Prevention methods are as varied as the evil threatening sources. Apart from prayer and du'a (prayer), other means that varies according to the circumstances may have a symbolic, if not an effective value (amulets) such as the protective (bloody) sacrificial rites known as dhbīḥa. This blood shed helps to immunize against accidents, diseases and other misfortunes by a protective and preventive power. This dissertation is a study of these protective rituals, a search of the origins, evolution and symbolic of these sacrifices non-dictated by the Sunnah. As part of this work, we are going to study the sacrificial practices as being structured, and having a structural role. We'll observe then the ritual practices related to the rites of passage , celebration and festive setbacks in which the effusion of sacrificail blood plays an important role, and has a magic and efficient effect. Beside this blood value or rather the sacrificial blood effusion, this paper will consider the social role of the sacrificial meat which consumption is shared with the community members. The dhbīḥa marks all the major stages of life, from birth to death, and various events such as sharing a new harvest, calving in the herd, etc. These dhbīḥa are addressed not directly to Allah, but to intermediaries, or intercessors Wuli, or the Jinn. Presumably, the purpose is only to appease the spirits or to obtain the intercession nearby Allah in favor of the sacrificing, essentially to ensure his protection. We've btried all along this work to highlight how, through this system, a griup expresses its vlues, social structure and beliefs. In this approach, we consider dhbīḥa and subsenquently the sacrificial "kitchen" a means of social expression. Indeed, given that meat is cooked, consumed, and particularly offered, food sharing seems to be the basis of sacrificial practices
Ducros, Garance. "Mariage et prestations matrimoniales : enjeux de l'alliance dans la société japonaise contemporaine." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20071.
Full textWhen talking about a girl going to get married, the Japanese use even now expressions like “to go as a bride” (yome ni iku 嫁に行く) or “to receive a bride” (yome o morau 嫁をもらう). These expressions made sense when the household (ie家) was considered to be the basis of social organisation. At that time, marriage for a woman meant leaving the household of her family to celebrate the wedding in the home of her husband, living there and being integrated into the household of his family. Marriage has been going through significant changes, however. Nowadays, it no longer takes place at home but in wedding halls and some newly married couples decide to live in the house of the bride's parents rather than in that of the groom's parents. These trends oppose the basic two conditions of the bride-entering marriage (yome iri kon 嫁入り婚) mentioned above and lead us to question what the contemporary marriage and its system are. To elucidate the prevailing dynamics of marriage, the author conducted fieldwork on three generations of people in rural and urban areas, mainly in the Aichi prefecture where the wedding is well known for its sumptuosity. There an adage has it that bankruptcy looms for those who have three daughters and trousseaux are transported in big trucks decorated with large white and red ribbons. Taking also into account the results of Western and Japanese research on the subject, the present study tries to shed light on the logic underlying exchange and transaction in marriage that punctuate the whole process of marriage
Lira, Larios Regina. "L’alliance entre la Mère Maïs et le Frère Aîné Cerf : action, chant et image dans un rituel wixárika (huichol) du Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0602.
Full textThis thesis explores the mechanisms of learning and transmission of ritual know-how and memory. It does so through the analysis of one agricultural ritual celebrated during the dry season (tukari) at a family temple (xiriki) in a huichol (wixarika) indigenous community of Santa Catarina Cuexcomatitlan - Tuapurie of Mexico. The ritual is taken as a simplified model and analysed under a relational perspective, by focusing on each form of expression and communication as well as their mode of articulation and inseparability. These structure the thesis in three main parts: ritual interaction, shamanic chant and artefact manipulation. Personhood and identity (sexual and ethnic) are undertakenat each level of the analysis by focusing on the paradoxical identity of the enunciator and on three ritual identities - mother maize, elder brother deer and flower child - emerged by the condensation of contradictory relational modes. The complex relational configuration resulting in enacted and put into ipmage, offering a new frame to the definition and understanding of wixarika identity. The study of the manipulation and the collective production of imagery reflects on this particular mode of ritual expressivity as well as on its role in the preservation and construction of memory. Ritual complexity is therefore explored as an efficacious strategy in the reproduction of the vigourous cultural tradition of the the wixaritari (Huichol)
Forte, Jung Ran. "Chevauchés par les dieux : Initiations des Occidentaux aux cultes Vodun béninois : pratiques culturelles et trajectoires identitaires." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0282.
Full textThis thesis examines the transformations experienced by the Vodun religion in the last decade, taking as a starting point the analysis of a singular phenomenon: the inclusion of Westerns in Beninese circuits of religious practice. Examining the initiatory paths of Europeans in Benin, the study addresses broader questions on the reproduction and change of a religious system. While identifying a peculiar dynamic of reproduction of such cults and drawing the major features and configurations of contemporary Vodun, the thesis questions how the religious experience is constructed, both individually and collectively. Describing spiritual journeys of Westerns who initiate themselves to the cults, this work shows how new cultural products and innovative subjectivities are fabricated in encounters of “foreigners” with Vodun worlds. The case of Westerns initiation rituals questions directly the “globalization of religious experience” and how new cultural identity are formed in such contexts
Burguet, Delphine. "Figures des maîtres rituels : les devins-guérisseurs dans l’histoire et aujourd’hui : savoir, action et pouvoir à Madagascar." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0625.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to focus on diviner-healer, in other words, the ritual master and his different figures whose authority is part of the tradition. The research has been devoted to this holder of knowledge who point and anhances his actions in a belief system associated to the traditional worship which includes royal, family and nature spirits. Being acknowledge as a diviner-healer in a broad sense requires full knowledge of plants and charms that are active over people, as well as knowledge of divination and mobilisation of spirits. He acts for the community or for one person and so, subgroups of specialists get organized according to that characteristic. The prepared charms are meant for those who ask for them and, in fact, the ritual cations actually aim at avoiding, curing and solving any kind of problems. In order to restore the religious and political landscape, the divine-healer is involved in, the historical dimension is considered, so as to evaluate the time but also space values of its fields of action, and to comprehend the production of actions or reactions in a context of institutional domination. Showing multiple faces, he is seen as having power - either therapeutic, magic, social or political - considered as such from a historical point of view. As the central figure of this research, he is also observed in situation and in relation, a study based on ethnographic data
Isnart, Cyril. "Ethnologie de la localité. Les saints légionnaires dans les Alpes du sud : Iconographie, hagiographie, rituel." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10080.
Full textLouatron, Jean. "Mbassa et Fulna : les cultes claniques chez les Musey du Tchad (approche ethnographique)." Paris, EPHE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPHE5011.
Full textJeanne, Anthony. "De l’Appartenance et de l’Inclusion : relations et logiques d’interactions sur une voie de pèlerinage du sud de l’Europe : le cas de Compostelle." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0716.
Full textDuring the last twenty years, the pilgrimage to Saint James has experience'd unprecedented growth, which ranks among the most interesting phenomenon produced by Christianity in modern times. This apprently new reality is here explored through a wide ethnographic research. First of all, our investigation necessarily bring to the fore the processes of one's culture's reformulation and reconstruction when faced with historical changes that end to reduce its own influence. Insofar as this pilgrimage has been, first and foremost, made to encompass in one's universe, that is, in a typical set expertly restored, scattedred elements of the culture, the way individuals and groups of people coming from different backgrounds may be required to establish new appertaining relationships or to convert to the norms and values of this alternative world, becomes a critical issue. In this perspective, the investigation of social interactions will be extended to different categories of beings and things with whichy men and women come - ritually or not - into contact as long as they are embedded, to varying degrees, in this universe. The opportunity is thus given here to question the intercourse between remote ancestors and participants and to interrogate, beyond figures and symbolic forms introduced by the pilgrims or imposed by the authorities, the nature of the connections and relationships the propose to meet and stabilize in the temporary but nvertheless striking experiment of this totality
Hirtzel, Vincent. "Le maître à deux têtes : une ethnographie du rapport à soi yuracaré (Amazonie bolivienne)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01984217.
Full textThis thesis presents an ethnography of a linguistically isolated community living in the andean foothill of Central Bolivia. It investigates the dialectic between the mythological narrative through which the society defines itself as a 'we' provided with a specific sollective self, on the one hand, and the ritual practices of self-fulfillment it develops on the other hand. The mythological aspect of the dialectic is explored first of all through analysis of the Tiri creator deity narrative, an imperfect master of humanity who unwittingly abandoned those he iontended to make immortal. This narrative highlights how important is the experience of incompleteness and dereliction in the representation of the yuracare collective self. The principal ritual practices with Yuracaré people turn to in in order to reach self-fulfillment are then considered: the arrow duel, blood-letting and parctices leading to achievement of shaman status. The different aspects making up the Yuracaré ethnography demonstrate that their main characteristics cannot be fully accounted for by the "predation model" as commonly applied to explain the (de)construction of the self in other Amazonian contexts. Predation is, in the Yuracaré case, subordinated to control and protection relationships and is not articulated by the dualism of affinity and consanguinity as found more commonly in Amazonian dravidian kinship systems. For the Yuracaré, the opposite "other" is not a brother-in-law/enemy but crucialy an in-law of in-law who is both a substitute of oneself and a rival
De, Morais Gourevitch Aparecida Maria. "Au-delà de la biomédecine : mythes, maladie et guérison chez les Indiens Baré en Amazonie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0592.
Full textThis thesis is based on an ethnography realized in the Indian group Baré (Arawak of Brazil and Venezuela). This ethnic group was submitted to a strong impact during the contact with Whites and even, for a moment, has been considered as disappeared in Brazil. However, Baré then reappeared with a very rich culture: at the same time as they kept their beliefs and traditional practices, they "grafted" on it various cultural items from Rio Negro's other ethnic groups and, too, beliefs and practices linked with popular catholicism, notably with some saints they are using in some healing requests. I study the interaction between baré myths, diseases and healing practices in the light of baré imaginary and their representations of illness, origins and treatments of the ailments which arte normally treated by biomedicine. I also analyse the different forms of traditional medicine, notably those of the pajés (shamans), as well as the various modalities of using both western and/or traditional medicine. In addition, this work analyses the respective importance of every therapeutics and the Baré's feeling when one of them is lacking. The Baré's traditional medicine, grounded on their myths or ancestral and actual beliefs and their way of life, appears to be fundamental and efficient to treat a great number of diseases with "supernatural" origin (sorcery, intoxication), as well as other natural environmental dangers. Traditional medicine appears to them as necessary and, at the same time, complementary to the biomedicine, with which it forms a subjectively effective pair
Noret, Joël. "Autour de "ceux qui n'existent plus" : Deuil, funérailles et place des défunts au Sud-Bénin." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210757.
Full textPasty-Abdul, Wahid Marianne. "Au plaisir de la déesse : le muṭiyēttu' du Kerala (Inde du Sud) : étude ethnographique d'un théâtre rituel entre tradition et modernité." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0417.
Full textThis thesis deals with a ritual theatre shown in various temples dedicated to the goddess Bhadrakali in central kerala. It considers the different aspects of this ritual spectacle performed to worship the goddess, both actress and beneficiary of these performances. It focuses on the performers' status within the local society and the cult in brahim temples, and analyses the theatre's place, the function and performing mode of muṭiyēttu' in its traditional religious context. The dynamics within the tradition are also highlighted, as well as the major changes the context of performance had to bear due to the administration. For these families, members of castes of medium status officiating people who have the monopoly of muṭiyēttu', these changes have led to a new situation that make them rivals and to which they are trying to adjust according to their vision of the performance. They also have to face new types of patronage and are confronted with new unreligious audiences whose interests are far from those of the devotees who come to meet their deity and pay to organise performances as ritual offerings. Beyond the changes in form and substance, the performers conceive their office in a way that guarantees the presence of the goddess, whatever the place and the context, thus preserving the rituality of the muṭiyēttu'
Beuvier, Franck. "Les maîtres du stade : ce que danser aux funérailles veut dire : les cadets, les défunts et l’institution de la chefferie : ethnologie et histoire des associations masculines en pays bamiléké (Cameroun)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0528.
Full textCreated in the 1960s, "cultural associations of traditional dance" have become, along with brotherhoods of notables, the legitimate representatives of Bamileke chiefdoms, a showcase for their grandeur and influence. These dance groups are headed by the cadets, whom anthropology has considered for a long time to be a subordinate group that plays a part in the social reproduction of the palace hierarchy and institution of chieftaincy. This reinterpretation of the biographical itineraries of these "young" men - during the 20th century - comes out of an ethnological study of the network of associations that have given shape to Bamileke chiefdoms. Thios dominant characteristic is used to analyze retrospectively the status assigned to "young" men during various periods and the places where new values originate among them. Two major hypotheses underlie this research. First of all, assessing the position of notables in relation to the cadets during the history of the Grassfield chiefdoms entails examining the place and importance of the associations to which they belong. Secondly, given that the deceased are a primary reference group, in whose names the customary ordre and foundation of chieftancy are justiofied, the evolving role played by Bamileke youth cannot be studied without taking under consideration both their involvment in, and commitment to, customs as well as customary knowledge, and their prerogatives in the events expected by the deceased. These expectations are revealed through the commemorations performed by the associations headed by cadets
Kuczynski, Liliane. "Chemins d’Europe : les marabouts africains à Paris." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100159.
Full textThis research results from a fieldwork carried out in Paris and the suburbs with marabous from west-Africa and their clients. In the two first parts, the different roles played by these people in Maghreb and in west-Africa are being studied with a conceptual and diachronically prospective. It is demonstrated that there is not a single pattern of a marabou; this approach entails that the Parisian marabous cannot be leveled with it. The third part considers the coming into France of marabous in the context of the west-African immigration. Describing the permanent features and the diversity of individual itineraries, the study focusses on the location of marabous in the Parisian space, on the legal framework of migration and activities and on the attempts to "professionalization". The forth part deals with the marabous’ knowledge and know-how. Emphasizing the diversity of the pathways followed by marabous and the various and enriching opportunities given by the Parisian environment as well as the multiple individual adjustments which derive from it, the study examines current practice and how they are experienced by clients : divinatory techniques in order to identify the origins of the problems, the "work" properly speaking (the making of peace’s of writing or lotions given to clients, repeated prayers said by the marabou, sacrificial practices). The fifth part is centered on the relationship between marabous and their clients, from all sorts of background and origin. It analyses the different roles played by marabous in Paris and the way they try to construct their legitimacy
Mifune, Marie-France. "Performance et construction identitaire : Une approche interdisciplinaire du culte du bwiti chez les Fang du Gabon." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0506.
Full textThis study shows the role of the performance in the identity construction of the initiates from the bwitist community called "disumba mongo na bata" among the Gabonese Fang. To a large extent, this work aims to find a coherent and unified interdisciplinary approach to the study of performance. Since musical activity is present at every moment of the main ritual called "ngozo", we consider the ritual as performance. The choice of the performance concept allows us to consider in our analysis the musical matter and the other elements intimately linked to it in the ritual practice of the "bwiti" cult: the linguistic and corporeal matters. According to both formal and ethnological analyses, this study allows to underline the several levels of meaning of the performance in the ritual. Performance structures the ritual and takes part into the representation of the "bwiti"universe. Each material (songs, musical instruments, dances, ritual actions) is a specific channel of meanings on a structural and a symbolic dimensions of analysis. Performance has a specific role in the complex identity construction of the initiates: several identities are built through the performative and symbolic funstions of the ritual actions. Preserving, updating and passing down to the initiates the practice and interpretative ritual knowledge, the performance further builds up the ritual, sexual and social identities of the initiates
Gabayet, Natalia. "Vachers, diables et nahuales. La mémoire rituelle et le concept de personne chez les peuples noirs de la Costa Chica de Guerrero et de Oaxaca." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH200.
Full textIn the Mexican Pacific coast, among the Afro-Mexican peoples, the Day of the Dead dancers represent prototypical protagonists similar to the Nahuales since they share a common set of characteristics, such as their formation in armies, that is, to say in collectives directed by leaders, the hierarchy by ages in the formations and groupings, the gestuality which expresses the incorporation of the others, as well as the construction of their ritual leaders and especially the repetition of the elementary forms of relations in the groups. Thus this representation establishes a correspondence between the different categories of beings (devils and nahuales) in a symbolic conjunction of thought among the blacks of the Costa Chica
Galliot, Sébastien. "Pe'a et malu : le tatouage à Samoa (1722-2010) : technique et culture dans une société de Polynésie occidentale en mutation." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0425.
Full textThis Ph D. Thesis studies the practice of tattooing in Samoa (Western Polynesia). The author examines oral tradition related to the origin of the craft aims at reconstructing the historical changes of this practice since the first contact with the Europeans in the 18th century. Drawing on a 18 months of field work, this thesis gives an ethnographical description of the organisation of the profession of traditional tattooist (tufuga ta tatau) and studies its ritual aspects. Technical process (the making of the tattooing tools and their use) are analysed in relation with indigenous categories of thinking and "milieu technique" (Leroi-Gourhan). Then, this work proposes to understand the social relevance of Samoan tattooing in broader cultural setting by comparison with the tattooing institution of Wallis, Futuna, Tonga, and Rotuma. Eventually, the modern impact of Samoan Diaspora and western clientele is considered as a major factor of change
Aguirre, Oscar Reinaldo. "Prolégomènes à un cadre définitionnel pour une ritographie religieuse empirique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56385.pdf.
Full textO, Jeong-ho. "Ch'ònghak-tong, village de la grue bleue : un village traditionnel sud-coréen?" Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0275.
Full textCh'ònghak-tong is located in the Chiri mountain range on the border of three provinces of the Korean peninsula. Each year, a large number of tourists visit it (more than 1000. 000 paying visitors). They come from the bigger cities in search of a "lost tradition", of a "native land" fantasized by the mass media. This mountain village, of recent settlement, has been renamed "Village of the blue Crane", a geomantic appellation, full of a certain meaning heavily seeped in Korean history. It is made up not only of different religious groups but also of those belonging to no religious group whatsoever. The materials collected during the field-work, investigation of summer 1999, bring us to study the social change of this microsociety in constant communication with the ouside world. What is the organizational structure of the village? How do these men, who came in this place to lead a spiritual research, resist the invasion of tourists?
Mekodiomba, Romain. "La construction missionnaire de l’identité kota (Gabon)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0647.
Full textThe process of evangelization undertaken by the missionaries faced various onstacles. Indeed the kotas known as the natives opposed to the infiltration of western religion showed a lack of interest in their attempts asserting their way of life and habits such as polygamy. For the Kotas, the most important remained the relevance of their traditional rites such as "Mongala" and "Ngoye" associated with circumcision that represented an essential aspect of their social life but considered by the missionaries as fetishistic practices. Actually and beyond its initiatory function consisting in introducing young men (teenagers) to the world of the adults, the ceremony of circumcision aimed at bringing forth or carrying on the Kotas identity. Therefore by denying "Mongala" and "Ngoye" the missionaries contributed not only to deeply transform the rites of circumcision, but they also led to alter Kota's thinking
Hou, Renyou. "L’institution du mariage et ses transformations en Chine rurale contemporaine : une enquête ethnographique sur les activités matrimoniales dans un village du Henan." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF016.
Full textBased on an ethnographic study of matrimonial activities at Zhang Village (Henan province), this dissertation aims to identify continuities and changes in matrimonial rituals and procedures and explain whether observed changes speak of a structural transformation of the institution of marriage in contemporary rural China. By studying the matrimonial activities step by step, it demonstrates that perpetuation of the patrilineal lineage remains a transcendent value encompassing all types of family relationships. Although there have been many changes in private life since the Chinese Communist Party’s rise to power in 1949, these changes primarily concern the ways in which family members maintain bonds with each other, whereas, the institution of marriage itself, and its principal vocation, that of perpetuating the patrilineal lineage, are hardly called into question. Thus, against the thesis of the individualization of Chinese society suggested by the Sino-American anthropologist YAN Yunxiang, the analyses provided in this dissertation put forward the idea that observed changes take place within a perennial structure vis-à-vis what they are secondary. In other words, it is a "change in society" instead of a "change of society"
Tsai, Shih-Jen. "Du rituel des funérailles à la fête religieuse : Essai sur la fête Khan-chui-chng de Kim-oo à Taïwan." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0231.
Full textThe Khan-chng is a type of ritual which takes place during funerals for those having met with a violent death. We intend to study in particular the seaboard region of Yun-Lin (Taiwan). It is here that the villagers celebrate, once a year, the festival of Khan-chui-chng at the beginning of the sixth month according to the ancient calendar. This festival is unique in Taiwan. In 1845 the area sustained enormous damage resulting from a huge tidal wave caused by a typhoon. The bodies were buried collectively : in four large tombs as well as in some smaller ones. Every year, on the anniversary of the catastrophe the villagers came here both to venerate and honour the victims. Around 1851, the Kim-oo tribe which had suffered the most from the flooding, and which had had to leave its territory and move further away, built a simple temple. They built it in front of the sepulchre dedicated to the annual celebration of the Khan-chui-chng rites, performed to free, as it were, those who had been drowned. At the present time, a local festive celebration has been added to these rites which have evolved from being secondary rites to being rituals in their own right
Bonetti, Roberta Giulia. "Oggetti funerari dell' Africa contemporanea : modalità di produzione, uso e rappresentazione nei musei etnografici." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0217.
Full textThe fantasy coffins are sarcophagi used during funerals primarily by the Ga people, who live in Accra, in the south of Ghana. They started to be used on a large scale at the beginning of the sixties. Two main factors contributed to the rapid circulation of these artifacts abroad: they were proposed as ready-made artworks in international exhibitions and they caught the interest of the mass-media. The research deals with a social scenario traversed by flows of moving people and goods, within a different configuration of concepts of space and time, a scenario produced by the complex network negotiations of social agents. From a theoretical point of view the object has been studied in relation to its social biography, whereas its production, use and circulation have been considered as a social act, that is to say as something that incorporates processes and has powerful cognitive effects on consumers, and therefore on the development of the social structure
Luquin, Elisabeth. "Abondance des ancêtres, abondance du riz : Les relations socio-cosmiques des Mangyan Patag, île de Mindoro, Philippines." Paris, EHESS, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02495648.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Mangyan Patag of the Philippines, society of some 15 000 people, speaking the minangyan language. The approach chosen to understand this society, in which descent groups and marriage alliance are absent, is the analysis of rituals which articulate and renew space and relationships, both understood as being socio-cosmic. The work of the human beings consists in feeding rice to their dead and ancestors who hold the authority and give abundance; this interdependence is explicit for the agrarian rituals and the death rituals. The relations between the different beings - humans, malevolent spirits and ancestors ('āpu) - are animated by rituals. From the differentiation of these relations, as welle as from the particular place of rice the basic principles are drawn, that organize the social relations and define the local group around the opposition of siblings and married couples. This society is also constituted by beings in relation to soil and locality
Bodolec-Duroselle, Corinne. "Iconographie de la Culture Chancay (Pérou, env. 1100 – 1470 apr. J. -C. ) : la tombe Chancay commme « Mesa »." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0574.
Full textThe subject of this anthropology thesis is the iconography of the prehispanic peruvian Chancay culture, focuses on graphics and iconology. Our research is based around a simultaneous study of two archeological objects: ceramics and textiles, found exclusively in burial places. The methodic examination of the corpus of the study (471 pieces), drawn up from excavations reports and from seven museums collections visited in Lima, have helped define the graphical repertory of the Chancay culture and highlighted 14 similar patterns throughout Andean time and space. The anlysis of these graphics, throughout colonial chronicles, ecclesistical writtings, ethnohistoric documents and works on anthropological fields, has shown that all of these patterns express an identical idea: fertility and fecundity, closely associated with death-ritual and ancestors cults. The examination of several tombs, reconstructed with the help of the peruvian archeologist Hans Hork-Heimer's archives, identifies a well ordered display of the different artefacts around the funeral bundle defining a delimited space. The contemporary practice of the "mesa" or votive offerings, used on the occasion of fertility rituals and funeral rites, presents some information that we find in the study funeral context. This ritual table is laid for ancestors' spirit who are the guarntors of the land's fertility, animals and humans fecundity in the Andean cosmology. We therefore propose that the Chancay tomb should be seen and understood as a "mesa"
Alevêque, Guillaume. "Le lever des pléiades : les associations culturelles et les enjeux socio-politiques de la ritualisation de l'identité en Polynésie Française." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0636.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the symbolic reappropriation of collective identity in the process of postcolonial transition in French Polynesia through the concept of "culture" and the self-representations that the concept engenders. In other words, it is a matter of understanding what it means for individuals to have a "culture", and how certain practices are considered, negotiated and claimed as "cultural". This research focuses particularly on the case of a recent identity movement made up of "cultural associations". By means of their practices, largely inspired by pre-Christian references, but explicitly considered to be innovations, these associations campaign for a cultural awakening of the population in order to fight against "Western acculturation" which, according to their members, poses a threat to society. Thus, this associative movement attempts to impose its legitimacy and its expertise as to the definition of identity. In so doing, they are attempting to regain lost knowledge and know-how, as well as to devise practices that will allow them to "awaken" and to "experience" a culture deemed to be at the same time threatened, lost and inalienable. However, for this, the help of the ancestors is needed, but the ritual means of ensuring this presence are not considered to be completely mastered by the practitioners. The detailed analysis of the practices of this grassroots movement thus shows that the way in which they are imagined and performed involves an ambiguous relationship to ancestrality and representations of the person, of the past and of the imputation of the ills bequeathed by Christianisation and colonisation
Samrakandi, Mohammed Habib. "Etude comparative du fait confrérique soufi dans la France contemporaine : le cas de la 'Alawiyya-Darqâwiyya-shâdhiliyya et de la Tijâniyya." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0691.
Full textThis research focuses on the process of implantation of Muslim brotherhoods in the post-migratory context of contemporary France. The ethnographic observation of ritual practices of two spirituals orders, the 'Alawiyya-Darqâwiyya-shâdhiliyya and the Tijâniyya, made it possible to examine the transformation of personal and acollective behaviors of members in terms of the content of their rituals as representations relating to belief modes in contact with ahighly secularized society. The comparative approach has identified the degree of adaptation of the 'Alawiyya brotherhood in mobilizing strategies which promote more inter-weaving between citizenship and spirituality. Followers of Tijâniyya, less concerned by societal issues of the host society, show a strong attachment to rites and spiritual ties with their countries of origin. Disciples who are in search of a spiritual openness refer to the prophetic model. Their choice concerns certain practices: recollection (dhikr), spiritual retreat (khalwa), frugal eating and fasting, and finally, the celebration of the prophet's birth (Mawlid). The possible emergence of a secularized, esoteric brand of Islam is in the works and will definitely come into competition with Islam as it is taught in the mosques, which is the kind to which the French population has become accustomed
Langlois, Mandoline. "Le shower de bébé dans les Cantons de l'Est : pratique rituelle d'intégration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25571/25571.pdf.
Full textGuiblehon, Bony. "Violence et séduction : la société des hommes-panthères chez les Wè (Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE5040.
Full textThis research outlines the world-vision of the Panthermen Society among the Wè (Ivory Coast) as organized in accordance with two underlying principles: violence and seduction. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The first concerns the implantation and the diffusion of this secret society which developed in a context of inter- and intra-lineage conflict and matrimonial uncertainty. The second describes the internal composition of this society. The third studies the different versions of its founding myth. The fourth and fifth chapters are devoted to the initiatory process: initiation rituals in the bush on the one hand, and the celebration of the novices’ return on the other. The sixth chapter is concerned with the novices’ songs which speak of the hardships of their initiation and of the beauty of women. The seventh and last chapter deals with the antagonism that opposes the Panthermen and Protestant Christians. Violence and seduction are shown to be closely linked, violence being but the response to the seduction of others’ women. The Panthermen, while seducers themselves, present themselves as the defenders of matrimonial stability, fighting against adultery whenever other are involved. It is by integrating the violence of others that one can become non-violent, and it is by seducing that on can become an anti-seducer. This is this contradiction that underlines th Panthermen’s vision of the world
Fabiano, Emanuele. ""Le corps mange, tout comme la pensée soigne" : construction des corps et techniques de contamination dans la pratique chamanique Urarina." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0689.
Full textThis text presents an ethnography of the Urarina shamanic system (Peruvian Amazonia). To this end, it describes the elements characterising this system and their mode of distribution at the core of a body of technological and ritual knowledge which is developed from the central function that this people attributes to the manipulation of particular substances; both material - bodily fluids, foods, vegetable dyes - and immaterial - thoughts, memories, chants, etc. In addition, the text will analyse the modalities of access to the shamanic function, characterized by a certain horizontality and the absence of restrictions vis-àvis gender or age, as well as by the freedom to share and spread therapeutical knowledge. If one considers the detailed study of Urarina physiology and the dynamics linked to its fluids, it becomes evident that this knowledge of the body and its functioning permits us to understand the actions of transfer and contamination of substances, as well as the implications of the activities of thought and memory together with the conjunction of processes dedicated to the construction of a human being. In particular, the idea of the potential permeability of the human body will be treated in depth, as this influences the acquisition and correct utilisation of new kowledge by the individual, as well as the exercise of shamanic practice, both during the first phases of the lifecycle and in the framework of therapeutic action. Finally, there will be an examination of the extent to which shamanic intervention on, or through, involved bodies - whether human or otherwise - is the result of a complex action of contamination, by which it is possible not only to act directly upon the component materials of the person, but to induce a transfer of his or her subjectivity
Dubs, Sandra. "Danses, langues et transmission culturelle chez les Amérindiens contemporains." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0594.
Full textMainly considered as an entertainment recalling the history of the first inhabitants of the American continent, Native Amùerican dance proves here its high semantic potential evoking the main mythic lines sutaining a characteristic Native American way of seeing the world. The Eagle and the Snake, as principal roles in myths and dances, will testify of the semantic elements they implicate and carry with them while performing, their representational plasticity allowing them to be evoked as soon as they are seen or only suggested in gesture, or in words pronounced on stage. We demonstrate that dance, together with vernacular language still spoken on stage during creremonies and Pow Wow, reveals a deep structure of Native american culture, which happens to be fractal. This structure showing a dynamic fractal aspect allows people who are brought up in native culture, as well as the ones who only perform once a year in pow wow, to access by dance and language in motion to enough components of their culture for its continuation. The way of learning the dances by copying an elder plays also a part in the cultural transmission, while respecting individualities, because it is a pattern to accomplish which is given to acquire and not a body shaping. This fractal pattern featuring on stage in dance and vernacular laguage practices, and also in Native American artifacts and narrations, constitute the latent prospective of cultural perpetuation fo Native american People today
Dupiech, Cavaleri Danielle. "Analyse d'une tradition textile maya du Yucatan (XXIe siècle) : usages rituels et codes symboliques." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0622.
Full textBouhassoun, Waed. "Chants et lamentations dans les rituels funéraires chez les Druzes du sud de la Syrie : une approche ethnomusicologique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100140.
Full textThis thesis deals with the female vocal expressions of lamentation during the funeral rituals of the Druze of southern Syria. In it, I describe the leading role taken in conventional ritual by women who, through their music and vocals, dramatize the expression of grief and give a collective meaning, on behalf of society as a whole, to death. I consider the circumstances of death, the spaces mobilized, the perception of time, the various types of rituals according to the status of the deceased (ordinary citizen, shaykh, martyr), and, by way of comparison, other life-cycle rituals (birth, marriage). I have a particular interest in describing and analyzing the role of sound and music (the only means of expression of a collective memory of the deceased), and thus the oral dialogue between the living and the dead, sound intensity, poly- music and poly-vocality. Furthermore, because of the fundamental Druze belief in reincarnation, creating a continuity between death and future birth, we understand the importance of melodized laments and funeral songs which facilitate this future rebirth by allowing an effective separation of soul from body. In the case of a young martyr’s funeral (since 2011) it is rather the men who take charge of the poetic, sung and danced expressions (the jawfiyya), because a complicated solidarity with the Syrian state comes into play and adds a public dimension. Thus, oral and musical expressions in funeral rituals enable the community to forge new links within and outside the community by bringing together the living and the dead, and by determining the roles of men and women
Bugallo, Lucila. "Pachamama en fleur : modalités de relations et de productions à la Puna de Jujuy (Argentine)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0642.
Full textThe thesis, Pachamama en fleur. Modalités de relations et de productions à la Puna de Jujuy (Argentine) [Pachamama In Flower : Forms of Relations and Productions in the Jujuy Puna, Argentina] deals with the modes of production and domestic economies of a sector of the Argentine altiplano [high plateau], more precisely the east-central part of the Jujuy Puna. The emphasis is on the relations of production, taking into account a great variety of operating agents : people, plants, animals, stones and tutelary beings; all participants in a powerful relational ontology, the axis of the Puneños’ perspective on the world. The experience of space and the relationship between places and beings are presented, with special interest in the mediations that have taken place. The generative relations developed by this people, which imply transformations and translation are also dealt with. Great attention is given to rituals, taking as given that these are a central part of economic activities and processes. Some of these rituals are presented in a detailed manner and analysed in depth : as in the case of the corpachada intended for Pachamama, and in the festivals around marking livestock, the señaladas, two central moments in the ritual and agricultural calendar of the Puna. Other instances that have become part of the ritual productive cycles are also discussed, in particular the collective rituals devoted to patron saints, many of these latter being the protectors of the animals that have been reared. To show both animal rearing and agricultural practices, there is a description of the activities of domestic units in a number of locations on the western flank of the Sierra de Aguilar and on the eastern side of the lake of Guayatayoc. What is discussed then is forms of production and the techniques associated with them, the diversity of economic activities and the form of labour, and activities involved in harvesting and hunting, intertwined with the former, showing that what is involved is a productive model with multiple actors and activities. Modes of exchange of productions through travel and fairs, involving products, circuits and pack animals are presented in great detail. The ways in which products are wrapped and arranged, and lofts are filled, and the ways foodstuffs are stocked and with what storage life, are considered from an analogical perspective. In these practices of arranging and stocking, the notion of pirgua is central. Productive activities and their relation to the surrounding space are considered over time, indicating the changes that have taken place in the 20th century, but also in previous periods, possible causes for these being offered. In addition, certain conceptual categories are discussed : as in the case of the notion of domesticity, introducing the Andean category of uywaña or crianza, and other local categories that deal with resources, production and stocking, like that of suerte and multiplico. These topics are treated principally on the basis of a considerable corpus of ethnographic data and in a very detailed manner, conveying the complexity of local economic conceptions and practices and showing the Jujuy Puna to be a non-homogeneous social and cultural space
Chen, Jin. "Le dualisme Na : étude des chants et rituels des Daba (Sichuan et Yunnan, Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0544.
Full textThis thesis explores the ritual systems and songs of the Daba, a class of ritual specialists and diviners among the Na of south-west China. Based on three periods of fieldwork carried out from 2004 – 2007, the thesis describes and analyses three types of ritual: the busina, a rite of veneration for lineage ancestors; the mukrabu, an exorcism rite; and the gubu, dedicated to gu spirits who represent springs. In each case, the Daba make use of their specific knowledge of long ritual processes, as well as of complex songs, to achieve various objectives. The purpose of the busina is to share food with ancestors and other villagers, mukrabu aims to exorcise evil spirits representing various forms of impurity, and finally gubu propitiates “ambivalent” gu spirits, so that they agree to cooperate with humans in the agricultural activities over the following year. By exploring the parallel unfolding and interweaving of ritual songs and practices. I draw out the principal characteristics of Daba ritual technique. In the final chapter, I highlight three ontological pairs emerging from previous descriptions and analyses. These emerge out of complex relationships between the living and the dead, between good and evil, and finally between humans and environmental entities (nature spirits). I also draw attention to the tendency towards “rehearsal” in the methods used by Na shamans vis-à-vis the opposing forces. These different methods and relationships together constitute what I call “Na dualism”
Carreón, Blaine Emilie A. "Le tzompantli et le jeu de balle : relation entre deux espaces rituels." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0585.
Full textThis investigation shows that western values imposed on pre columbian practices are obstacles in the understanding of the relationship between the tzompantli, the skull rack and the tlachtli, the ball court, and it determines the impact of an interpretation that parts from the premise that in the ulamaliztl, the mesiamerican ballgame, the loser was beheaded. The first part of this thesis, conformed by seven chapters, determines the nature of the bond between the tlachtli and the tzompantli, and presents the activities and events related to each one of these spaces during pre-columbian times. The second, made up by six chapters, expolres the genesis of an unfounded proposal and responds to why, at present, a relation between two sacred spaces is detected. The research shows that it is the product and reflection of the renovated remembrance particular to each epoch that views the pre Columbian past from its own conception of acts, rites and images, -those related to games and sports, when before the tlachtli, and to punitive practices, when confronted by the tzompantli-, which at present, bond and become evident in proposals that do not allow for the possibility that the acts that were carried out in these sacred places were not necessarily related throughout Mesoamerican time and space
Péjaudier, Hervé. "Rituel ou spectacle ? : des représentations chamaniques coréennes (kut) dans des salles occidentales : autour de la chamane (mudang) Kim Kŭm-Hwa." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0644.
Full textThe main goal of this work is the study korean shamanistic rituals, called « kut », on western stages nowadays, based upon the performances of the mudang (shaman) and National Treasure Kim Kŭm-hwa, as she performed in Paris in 2002 and 2005. Around forty interviews of various people chosen for their diversity were used to study the audience and how they perceived it. Hence the first part of this work, called “the audience’s point of view”, which shows how during the performance of 2002, we could feel that three obstacles were overcame: place, language and culture. Thanks to this, the audience feels integrated in a new community and takes part in a new game, in which they totally surrender, though it doesn’t prevent them from thinking about the dichotomy between “ritual” and “show”. Both of these two ideas play their part well: ritual gives out luck, and the show gives out joy. Besides, the analysis of 2005 performance results in a numerous way of visualizing a kut, and enhances the idea of a group surrounding the mudang, and the personal link each individual wish to establish with her. The second part of this work expands to “the producers’ point of view”, the same who made these performances possible in France. The synthesis of their interviews made it possible to determine “7 bad reasons” to make such performances, reasons based upon belief and truth. On the other hand, there are also the “7 good reasons”, based upon the notions of performance, efficiency and sharing with the audience, which is the main goal of the kut ritual. Finally, “the mudang’s point of view” leads us to South Korea, where it is possible to understand how shamanism instills in society, how the “clients” – even though they are sometimes anthropologists– perceive the mudang’s speech, and what is a private kut; all this will lead us to the notion of “arising”, when the kut ritual has to bend into nowadays obligations, its only way to survive in this new world of ritualistic and spectacular concepts
Gégourel, Magali. "L'âme du condor et l'ombre de l'espagnol : l'univers chtonien chez les indiens de la vallée de Charazani (Bolivie)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0280.
Full textThe study of the Andean subterranean world shows that the natives of Charazani rural communities (Bolivia) have their own interpretation of the concepts of devil and the cults of Christ introduced by the missonaries during the Conquest. All began at the darkness time when, for their ancestors, a fearsome condor marked the rythm of life, as does the diurnal star or the real soul linked with the solar-Christ. The soul of substitution or the condor's soul, which goes underground at the Christ's revelation, continues there his role of christical substitute associated to Spain. The peasants embody him among devils in rituals including topographical dualities until the end of the agricultural cycle. The diabolic universe represents the world of reproduction in agriculture and society responsible for the separation between people and the modern life. The economy and the kinship system of the subterranean world confirm this idea and give rise to an organization by pairs