Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ethnomédecine'
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Taverne, Bernard. "Un "docteur-feuille" à Cayenne : santé, culture et société chez les immigrés hai͏̈tiens de Guyane française." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32038.
Full textThe ethnography of the healing practices of a haitian "keaf-doctor" and the study of the kind of treatment sought by those consulting either witch doctors or western doctors reveal the fundamental role played by the creole's inderstanding of illness in his perception of ill health and in the decision making processes governing the type of treatment chosen by haitians when they are ill. The type of therapy chosen from medical practices available in guyana also appears to be an indicator of the interethnic relations created within this multicultural society. The presence of haitian folk healers in guyana contributes to the videning of medical pluralism, by reinforcing the scope of creole medecine. But illness apart, haitian folk medecine, by its appeal to many members of other ethnic groups, favours the integration of the haitian into guyanan society
Menet-Titi, Marianeau. "La contribution de la médecine et de la pharmacopée traditionnelles africaines aux soins de santé primaire et à la réalisation de l'universel scientifique." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010677.
Full textBeside hunger, which appears to be Africa's greatest catastrophe, there exists the equally acute problem of basic health care, which goes hand in hand with hunger. In spite of economic and social hardships which place African nations among the planet's poorest, so-called developed countries only increase Africa's under-development by selling her specialized goods at exhorbitant price. In view of this dramatic situation, we can with mr. Rene dumont that "Africa is off to a bad start. " it is imperative that Africa improve her current political situation, which obliges her for a long time ot beg for assistance, and consequently cause her dishonour. She must rely on her own potential by reducing import to essential medical supplies, and by favouring traditional pharmacopoeia and medicine. The use of these practices must be rational, meaning that it is necessary to now how to distinguish the authentic from the false, the good from the bad, what heals from what is dangerous. This is the only way in which Africa will bring every aspect of basic health care to everyone and therefore contrite to universal scientific knowledge
Lefèvre, Gabriel. "Médecines hybrides dans le sud et le sud-ouest de Madagascar : les mots-plantes à Toliara." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0027.
Full textIn the south / south-west of Madagascar, traditional medicine is continuously transformed under the influence of different internal and external factors. The internal factors are inherent to the traditional therapeutic system; in these processes puns and play with words holds a central place. This dimension can be connected with the folk taxolnomy of plantes. A second internal factor of this transformation is what I call the "hired" [mercenary] activity of traditional healer, the ombiasa. The ombiasa is seen as a technician, who handles dangerous forces which can make others (or himself) fall into the disease or in misfortune. Yet he is regarded as authorized to act on behalf of the patient, without having to consider whether the goals of the patient or whether what he himself does on behalf of the patient is morally justified. The external factors of transformation concern the institutions that are modelled after imported standars. The European influence can be summarized in the following concepts: health, economy, Christianity. The expression of european's power appears is a broader framework I have called tropicolonialism. It results in a transformation of the place of the ombiasa and other specialists. The foreign institutions, in particular Christian missions and biomedicine relegate traditional specialists into the shadow, the hidden or occult
Fiot, Julien. "Etude ethnopharmacologique de Mitragyna inermis (Willd. ) O. Kuntze et Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel. , deux plantes issues de la médecine traditionnelle africaine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22952.
Full textEssome, Dieu ne Dort Emmanuel. "Être malade : essai sur la problématique de la médecine traditionnelle au Sud-Cameroun." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010703.
Full textBeing ill does not mean only an alteration of the accepted norm of health; indeed somebody can stand out of the norm without being ill. The meaning of illness raises the issue of what its understood by normality. With occidental medicine for instance, illness is defined as the result of the breaking of dysfunctioning of a normal organ. Contrary of this conception of occidental medicine, an according toblack african beliefs, illness is a deliberately caused disorder. The central issue lies in this notion of causality. Nothing is determined and decided. However efficient this latter might be, it is worth noticing that the prescriptions are given orally and that dosages and objective means of checking the results do not exist. The african medicine puts the emphasis on the practical aspect of illness, not on concepts. So the question raised here is whether african medicine can evolve to become more scientific. I tried to show how the contemporary black africans will have to practice "ethnopharmacognosy" within specific ethnic groups, in order to gather samples of the substances in use, to identify and test them. Only after such an attempt will traditional medicine be in a position to be considered as being part of the scientific world
Kerzazi, Brahim. "Le transfert dans les techniques et pratiques magicoreligieuses : cas du maraboutisme." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070092.
Full textThe marabout ritual and ceremonies, which are collective as the feast of pilgrimage. Or individual as the visit or ziara, the sacrifice or again the therapistic danse are updating via the transfer of ambivalent emotions on the idealized patemal substituts from one hand and worries, hatred or the sacrificed in another hand. The social dynamic around the holy marabout is fed bv the idealization of the subject of the desire with the pain of all kinds of strength and the sinful crowds proved a return of the ideal father and the ritual persecuter organized by the sons and the subject of the symptom. The target is to strength the social link around the preserved ideal father thanks to the sacrifice of the paternal substitut. In fact, it is a double transfer which is implimented on the saint face in a positive and similtanuous manner or ideal, and on the djinn or evil in a negative or persecutive manner. Once, the ideal father reincarnated bv the care of the marabout ritual, the saint becomes the ideal object or the object of the desire of the crowds that are lacking all kinds of strenqth. The subject of the symptom makes a resort next to the paternal face to negotiate a new line of conduct by unloading or discharge his hatred and agressivity on the animal substitut. He makes sure in one part of the paternal strength and able to enjoy in a great tranquillitv. The therapistic court of BOYA OMAR condenses this negociation besides the ideal saint father and the persecuter djinn : mervellously, at the same time
Tsiakaka, Adolphe. "La médecine de tradition koongo (Koongo de Boko, Laadi et Suundi) : étude ethnologique d'itinéraires thérapeutiques au Congo-Brazzaville." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20030.
Full textIn their struggle for survival, the Koongo like other peoples have perfected methods and practices which allow them to maintain, to heal or to improve there physical and moral well-being. .
Loubeyre, Jean Baptiste. "Les chemins cachés : interactions entre pratique traditionnelle et médecine moderne : l'exemple du chamanisme tamang au Népal." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H026.
Full textGarreta, Raphaële. "Des simples à l'essentiel : de l'herboristerie à l'aromathérapie, pratiques et représentations des plantes médicinales." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0206.
Full textWhereas most of the ethnological works about medicinal plants are situated within the framework of "traditional" and "popular" medicine in rural societies, this study is about urban society - as a geographical zone as much as a metaphor of contemporary world - and examines practices and representations of plants that are used by professionals in the herbalist field: gatherers, herbalists and, today, aromatherapists. The first aim of this work is to show that herbalists and aromatherapists are not situated in really different mental worlds. Their actions and their discourses reveal the continuity of a set of symbolic values attached to medicinal plants in relation to a certain conception of disease and distress, in a society where this type of medicine is not dominant. In order to understand the nature of these representations, the itinerary of the plant is restored: the different ways of gathering medicinal plants, their preparation and uses reflect the theories elaborated about them, conditioning directly their efficacy. This thesis examines finally the supposed benefits of plants. Dried plants of herbalist or essential oil of aromatherapist, the interest raised about them is inscribed in an ideological context where the research of a purification, that is not only physical, is at stake. From the plant, one demands a corporal as well as a spiritual well being
Baliguini, Joseph. "Les maux et leurs causes chez les Nzakara, République Centrafricaine." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0023.
Full textIn this study, we try to understand how the Nzakara of Central African Republic conceive and treat diseases and misfortunes in general. During this research, an attempt is made towards a comparative study which allows us to deal with a summarily historiography of modern western medicine, and popular medicine in France. First of all, a reminder of the principal stages of the history of modern western medicine permits us to constate that, western medicine, after getting rid of magico-religious conceptions, its development and evolution had for a long time been uncounsciously slowed down and hampered by philosophical systems and theories. It is also understood that, today, popular medicine, at least in its medical aspects, has in early periods, greatly inherited certain practices from official medicine : an aspect that has made it somehow quite different from other types of traditional medicine. Secondly, it is pointed out that, Nzakaran medicine is based on a world vision where personal and impersonal forces act correctly or badly towards human beings. It is according to the interpretations of diseases and misfortunes of which they are victims that, the Nzakara actualize the different elements of their view of the world. The intermediary between these powerful forces and the rest of the world is the devine-healer. Lastly, having described the different structures of modern medicine among the Nzakara, we try to see whether there are some similarities and differences between western medical systems and those of the nzakara. This study, however, has allowed us to certify that, different medical systems can and do coexist in contemporanity
Akrimi, Salem. "Une anthropologie comparative du don et de la baraka : quelques exemples sur le maraboutisme tunisien." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/Akrimi.Salem.LMZ0623.pdf.
Full textThe subject matter of this study is a comparison between gift and baraka. We went to Bir El Haffey, a town located in the governorship of Sidi Bouzid, central Tunisia. A popular Islam still remains in this part of the country and its main aspect relies upon the notion of baraka. Viewed as a kind of grace this notion is supposed to steep the descendants of the Prophet and of his companions': the marabous. Witch doctors are healers, soothsayers, spirits specialists, sorcerers or amulets writers. Their efficiency relies for the most part upon the legacy of a tradition but also upon a reward after having overcome the determining ordeal of illness. We met several marabous (women and men) and realised that the psychological disorders they had to go through are the same as their patients'. At Bir El Haffey, these disorders are especially the evil eye and the possession by spirits. We tried to demonstrate that while taking on feminine condition aspects, these disorders are the metaphor of a legacy crisis. Perceived like a sign, this crisis is not only in the middle of the system of baraka transmission but also in the popular religiosity
Teixeira, Maria. "Changement social et contre-sorcellerie féminine chez les Manjak de Canchungo émigrés à Ziguinchor : les réponses du Bëpene et du Kasara : Guinée-Bissau / Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0076.
Full textIn the northwest of Guinea-Bissau the Manjak territory is divided in several Manjak kingdoms. Some members of this ethnic group have hive off in Guinea-Bissau, towards neigbouring countries and Europe. Women from Canchungo kingdom have acquired power and an increasing authority in the magical and religious sphere of the antisorcery. Today, the offices of Napene and Namana (diviners-healers specialized in struggle against witchcraft or sorcery), left vacant by men particularly assumed by women. Their abilities are not limited to problems classified as strictly feminine. In others kingdoms, like qualequisse, the same offices are forbidden to women. We have presented ancient and current social structures, the dynamic universe of the animist religion and the position of the anti-sorcery priestesses. A Namana of the Kasara cult is named in her office after an election by trance. The shrine gathers several priestesses and a community of women members of the cult. For a Napene of the Bepene worship, the designation and the installation occur after an election by illness followed by an initiation. In her shrine the priestess officiate alone. The priestesses capacity to oppose to a diversified and an increasing sorcery is analysed through divinatory and therapeutic rituals. The diviners-healers have to face unprecedented problems. By their flexibility in the interpretation of the symbolic and cognitive system. The officiants reajust the Manjak community and it's members to an unfinished and ephemeral world, which balances between chaos and order
Bounouar, Ourdia. "Le modèle algérien de santé : Evolution depuis 1830, organisation et fonctionnement." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05D023.
Full textGarnung, Monique. "Médecine autochtone et biomédecine dans un village mexicain : une étude des dynamiques sociales de la pensée sur la maladie." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20001.
Full textThroughout the world, native medical systems and biomedicine function side by side. We have studied this cohabitation in a rural Mexican community with a high indigenous population (the Amuzgos). By analysing the complaint, we have attempted to decipher the various habits of the therapeutic space. The clear distinction made in the native speech between "doctor's illnesses" and "curandero's illnesses" reflects a wider distinction of traditions. However, the way in which users talk about their therapeutic practices suggests that a rather combinatorial use of these traditions. The user's decision to move from one system to another raises an important question (bearing in mind the continuity that exists between the physical and cultural orders): that of the social forces underlying the view of illness. The varied uses that are made of these medicines depend on various modes - modes which, in turn, are linked to the issue of cultural métissage. In short, the individual's attempt to organize his own identity to take account of the diverse "worlds" in which he moves leads him to adopt a certain position as far as the analysis of illness are concerned. These individual positions are reflected in the varied elements which constitute the therapeutic market, and in the ideological confrontations concerning their diverse interpretations of the notions of risk, cause and responsibility for the treatment of illness. As a result of these confrontations, a medical field emerges whose scope may widen to include new alternatives such as 'natural' medicine, thereby bearing witness to the particular dynamism and creativity of multicultural environments. This medical field is subject to the classic breakdown of Power into three levels - National, Religious and Local (the traditional system of local, community-based government). The medical thought so appears as pretext for legitimising phenomena arising from the reconstitution of the political domain. Political authority therefore seems to be intrinsically linked to Medical authority
Huguet, Gérard. "La médecine indienne traditionnelle et la fin de la vie : considérations éthiques et médicales, intérêt pratique actuel." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M075.
Full textDembélé, Salifou. "Recherche sur la réglementation de la médecine traditionnelle en Afrique noire." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40010.
Full textShould african traditional medicine be regulated ? The main question underlying this work resides in the misfortune of "modern medicines" on account of their cost, their geographical inaccessibility and more generally the difficulties in introducing them into sociocultural contexts which are ill-suited to receive them. Confronted by this misfortune, the international authorities force developing countries to turn towards endogenous health developement, particularly projects concerning primary health care and yhe use of traditional medicines. However, resorting to such methods assumes the parallel development of a legal framework adapted to ensure their coherence and effectiveness. Thus, as regards traditional medicine, which has benefitted from renewed interest in relation to the policy of primary health-care, especially since the devaluation of the cfa franc, the law is expected to permit the setting up of health-care which is both danger-free and accessible to the population, by combining the asset constituted by the age-old immersion of these methods in local cultures with the establishment of professional guarantees. Even if the legibility of present regulations seems insufficient, they constitute, nevertheless, an effective method of fighting against bogus practices. The refinement of these regulations presupposes a harmonisation of national health policies which would take the place of the procrastination which has been displayed for so long by the african states
Tareau, Marc-Alexandre. "Les pharmacopées métissées de Guyane : ethnobotanique d’une phytothérapie en mouvement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0007.
Full textThe analysis of the 209 semi-directive interviews conducted during this thesis made it possible to obtain a global and descriptive vision, both qualitative and quantitative, of the pharmacopoeias that intersect on the Guyana coast. The phytotherapeutic uses of the 18 cultural groups interviewed were decoded in order to obtain an updated overview of French Guyanese ethnobotanical practices. This ethnographic study also made it possible to highlight the main nosological categories concerned by phytotherapy on the French Guiana coast and to provide a fresh look at the ethnomedicines of this territory and, particularly, the representations of the body and the diseases they underlie. The way of treating them and forms of administration of the remedies in use today are finely documented as well as the species used (356 identified species).In a more original way, a mapping of current ethnobotanical flows is realized as well as an analysis of the "cultural distribution" of medicinal plants, and a reflection is carried out on the themes of transversality, selection, transmission and interculturalization of knowledge relating to medicinal plants. Among other sub-themes, the roles played by migration, transfrontality and urbanity are widely discussed
De, Morais Gourevitch Aparecida Maria. "Au-delà de la biomédecine : mythes, maladie et guérison chez les Indiens Baré en Amazonie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0592.
Full textThis thesis is based on an ethnography realized in the Indian group Baré (Arawak of Brazil and Venezuela). This ethnic group was submitted to a strong impact during the contact with Whites and even, for a moment, has been considered as disappeared in Brazil. However, Baré then reappeared with a very rich culture: at the same time as they kept their beliefs and traditional practices, they "grafted" on it various cultural items from Rio Negro's other ethnic groups and, too, beliefs and practices linked with popular catholicism, notably with some saints they are using in some healing requests. I study the interaction between baré myths, diseases and healing practices in the light of baré imaginary and their representations of illness, origins and treatments of the ailments which arte normally treated by biomedicine. I also analyse the different forms of traditional medicine, notably those of the pajés (shamans), as well as the various modalities of using both western and/or traditional medicine. In addition, this work analyses the respective importance of every therapeutics and the Baré's feeling when one of them is lacking. The Baré's traditional medicine, grounded on their myths or ancestral and actual beliefs and their way of life, appears to be fundamental and efficient to treat a great number of diseases with "supernatural" origin (sorcery, intoxication), as well as other natural environmental dangers. Traditional medicine appears to them as necessary and, at the same time, complementary to the biomedicine, with which it forms a subjectively effective pair
Zemiro, Stéphane. "La médecine ayurvédique : tradiction et modernité." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20172.
Full textFournet, Alain. "Plantes médicinales boliviennes antiparasitaires (leishmaniose et maladie de Chagas) : Galipea longiflora Krause (Rustaceae), Pera benensis Rusby (Euphorbiaceae) et Ampelocera endentula Kuhlm (Ulmaceae)." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114851.
Full textMenan, Eby Ignace Hervé. "Evaluation de l'activité antipaludique de 21 plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle ivoirienne : fractionnement biodirigé des extraits les plus actifs." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13510.
Full textChemla, Samuel. "De la phytothérapie créole en Guadeloupe : à partir d'une étude prospective du terrain." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0341.
Full textAccording the W. H. O. , 80% of the population of the world use plants for their health. In order to draw up an overview of this use in Guadeloupe (one of French West lndies), we conducted a survey via an administered questionnaire to 65 patients and 55 general practitioners, living on this island. Our study showed a wide use of phytotherapy. Regarding the patients, 86% of the consulting people use herbai medicines, that they consider being "natural", therefore safe, including when associated with conventional treatments. That is the main reason why patients rarely inform their physician that they use herbs (400 in our study, 18% in Jamaica, 24% in Trinidad). 15% of our patients reported side effects, most of them mild: this percentage is higher than in the literature (in Trinidad, 6% of 265 patients observed side effects, but the plants were different). As for the general practitioners, 40% prescribe Caribbean plants. None of the physicians encountered side effects that could be caused b herbs. To be noticed, in Guadeloupe, phytotherapy is prescribed according a peculiar way: a verbal consent of the medical doctor, withou written assent. Interactions between herbai and prescription medicines are increasing rapidly, but remain rare compared with drug-drug interactions: in Jamaica, 1. 7% and in Trinidad 1. 1% of the patients. None of the plants quoted in our work could be found in the Iiterature, as being a potential cause of interaction with conventional treatments. Given these results, herbai prescription seems important in Guadeloupe. A scientific controlled information about its use would be beneficial for patients and physicians
Laurent, Daniel. "Essai sur la matérialité : la tradition comme épistémé des médecines populaires : point d'application : la médecine chinoise." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20009.
Full textThe starting point for this thesis is research into the foundations of popular medicine, especially Chinese popular medicine. We then consider the unconscious prejudices of modern thought concerning the concept of existence compared with traditional thought. From this initial point, and after defining the parameters of the subject in the field of sinology and by reference to standard texts, we explore the postulate and implied axioms underlying the founding notions of different traditions, principally the Chinese tradition. We arrive at a concept of being radically different from, but equally justified as, that propounded by modern thought. We go on to develop the so-called hypothesis of permanent pre-existence (or always having been), a hypothesis which has been mathematically justified by Kurt Godel. According to Godel's theorem of incompletien (1931), no thought can be the starting point of its own development. From this hypothesis, we demonstrate that, through the axioms of globality, analogy and order, revelation and initiation naturally take the place of explanation and demonstration. This hypothesis, central to the thesis, marks a radical divergence between traditional and modern thought. Popular and traditional medicines prove then to be naturally efficient, which we demonstrate in our field particularly by the role of the shaman
Vivod, Maria. "La Médecine populaire en Voïvodine (Serbie-Monténégro)." Strasbourg 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20061.
Full textThe re-birth of the ancient values which are unifying successfully the religion and the medicine after the fall of the communist regime and the successive civil wars in the ‘90s has chosen a therapy of frustrations and sickness by the traditional medicine which the popular healers of the region of Vojvodina, north of Serbia, know how to employ. The popular medicine, which has been considered until now as “para” medicine by the modern medicine, sociologists and ethnologists have profited of the liberty of expression resulted from the fall of communist regime. The popular healers started to leave behind the “traditional” and village milieus. This situation has produced persons who are unifying successfully traditional knowledge, modern techniques of publicity and information and the instinct of the demand of special public need. The basis of the definition of sickness and treatment is in popular belief, a part of thesis is a study of beliefs of existence of fantastic creatures (fairies, demons, witches, werewolves, etc) which are, as believed, the source and also the solution of sicknesses. The existence of these creatures is living in the popular imaginary and it is reflecting at the comprehension of sickness and its treatment. A part of the study is treating a therapy of fear by a technique of melting the lead (salivanje strave in Serbian). The complexity of this research work lying in the size of the fieldwork (a part of Central Europe and the Balkans) with the multitude of “traditions”, different religions (Catholicism, orthodoxy, Protestantism, Islam). The study is based on three different ethnological schools and three languages (French, Hungarian, Slavic) with their own particularities
Lacroix, Damien. "Constituants chimiques et activités antiparasitaires de trois plantes de la médecine traditionnelle ougandaise (Région de Kibale) : Markhamia lutea, Teclea nobilis et Citropsis articulata." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0015.
Full textWithin the framework of a Makerere University (Uganda)/ CNRS/ MNHN cooperative research programme aiming to investigate medicinal plants in the Kibale area, a field ethnobotanical study was conducted in the Kiohima village in order to bring to the fore the plants with anti-malarial potential. The investigation led to more than 250 selected plants from which 28 were collected and identified. From an in vitro biological screening three plants were selected for their growth inhibition activity of Plasmodium falciparum: a Bignoniaceae, Markhamia lutea, and two Rutaceae, Teclea nobilis and Citropsis articulate. They were then submitted to complete phytochemical studies. From the leaves of M. Lutea, used by Kiohima villagers against malaria, were isolated fifteen compounds, ten of which being new cycloartane triterpenes. One of them (musambin B) showed a strong in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity (CE50 de 1,9 μg/ml). From the fruits of T. Nobilis were isolated five furoquinoline alkaloids among them a new one. Finally, the root barks of C. Articulata, which are used locally as an aphrodisiac, were shown to have a strong antiplasmodial activity. From their EtOAc extract, structurally diversified compounds were isolated, among them one novel coumarin together with two known one’s, a limonoïd, three alkaloids with strong antiplasmodial activity among which a new quinolone and two previously described acridones and also four new cycloheptapeptides composed of L-amino acids, three of which enclosed an arginine residue in their sequences, a basic residue which is unusual in plant cyclopeptides. Their sequences were determined from mass and 2D-NMR spectral data and their solution conformation discussed
Andreu-Verin, Sonia. "Thérapeutique occidentale et thérapeutique traditionnelle par les plantes chez les Amérindiens Palikurs de Makouria, village de Guyane française proche de Cayenne." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11085.
Full textDegbelo-Iroko, Amélie. "Le traitement de la maladie dans le royaume du Danxome aux dix-huitième et dix-neuvième siècles." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010600.
Full textWest africain state, located in the slaves' Coast well know know for its hostility to human health, Danxome underwent firstly weakening natural contrainte in regard the health and secondly "disease causing" factors due to human actions, particularly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, time of its full territorial expansion, in consequence, its pathological environlent was very rich. A repression started since the seventeenth century hardened once more the political power confiscated by the Aladaxonu and reduced the health services all over the country, displaying by the same time the opposition between the danxomean people's medical interest and all the reasons that served the state. Then, pathological flails knew a sort oif new outbreak. Therefore, health became a priority and occupied, a very important in the governors' and governed' mind. A kind of permeability with respect to the multiplicity of medical system was adopted and the aladaxonu tried to control the medical practitioners' aetivities. The political will penerated a sort of "fonctionalism" among the local health officiers who simply healed patients and didn't fight
Malet, Christian. "Structures médicales traditionnelles à Taïwan : approche anthropologique." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21009.
Full textTraditional medicine in Taiwan today accurately reflects the divergent cultural currents which have influenced the island over the years. Primitively inhabited by an Austronesian population, it was to become 98% Chinese due to a period of Han immigration that began in the XIth century AD. Chinese medicine replaced aboriginal practices, but was rejected in favor of western medicine during the Japanese occupation (1895-1945). It then became legal again after Taiwan regained its independence, but has since had to face socioeconomic developments and advanced biomedical progress. As early as 1974, we posed the following question : what could the future hold for such practices, efficacious as they were, but empirical in the eyes of science ? We began by examining traditional medicine as a cultural language drawing on the sources of Chinese thought, focussing on pharmacopoeia as the link between practitioner and patient. Research was carried out on 1275 drugs comprising 820 plants, 365 animals, 90 minerals and 374 medicinal preparations. We the proceeded to observe how and in which social strata these drugs were used. This led to two conclusions : 1/ an unrelenting decline of peddler medicine in three test cities : Taipei, the modern capital to the north, Tainan, the historical capital to the southwest and Hualien on the eastern coast. Flourishing in 1974, this peddler medicine suddenly became illegal under a law passed in 1975 ; 2/ the persistence of a scholarly Chinese medicine appearing to be more of an auxiliary to biomedicine rather than a full-fledged partner. In effect, there has been a clear decrease in the proportion of Chinese medicine practitioners as compared to modern medicine physicians, falling from -1/5 to +1/11 in 22 years. Further, an analysis of western culture yielded the conclusion that western scientific fundamentalism impeded a harmonious development of the two systems. Indeed, epistemology teaches us that the metaphysical revolution that completely transformed physics at the end of th XIXth century proceeded along a non-Aristotelian logic, the only means of answering hitherto insolvable problems : will tomorrow bring forth an intelligent merging of the two thoughts ?
Bikay-Nyounay, Jean-Marc. "Conceptions africaines de la maladie et rites de guérison (le cas des Basaa-Bantu du Sud Cameroun)." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040182.
Full textThe Basaa-Bantu, population of south Cameroon, have had in turn, a traditional conception of disease -cure, a western and modern conception, to which was added a Christian conception. After 100 years of Christianism, these populations associate on the one hand the traditional medicine with modern medicine and demonstrate, on the other hand, signs of a real adaptation of the evangelical message to the extent that they can, from these various conceptions of a new examination of the scriptures and the tradition of church, propose to the universal church a semantic transition from the sacrament of the sick to the sacrament of recovery. A transition which is adaptable to the African conception of disease and cure. This recovery should be taken less in magical sense then biblical. In effect, the cure propose by Jesus Christ to man of all time and all places, is a total cure of man. It comprises a spiritual dimension which can bring about a bodily cure with a view to the realization of its salvation. A dimension in reality, very close to the African conception
Boydron-Le, Garrec Raphaële. "Evaluation du potentiel thérapeutique de plantes traditionnellement utilisées dans le Pacifique pour traiter l'intoxication ciguaterique." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NCAL0012.
Full textSanou, Martin. "Développement d'une méthode de communication entre la médecine traditionnelle et la médecine conventionnelle dans la prise en charge de la douleur en odontologie." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=8f0df508-439d-4e8f-b8a1-fa2ea9fcba63.
Full textObjective: to develop a method of communication between traditional medicine and conventional medicine in the management of pain in dentistry in order to facilitate communication between health actors in the WHO strategies for the integration of traditional medicine. Materials and methods: From 30 technical or advertising papers of healers, we extracted information models, candidate terms and terminologies candidate by knowledge engineering and terminology research procedures. Moreover, a traditional model of pain management was developed. Then, we studied the ability of actors in a conventional care system to use the knowledge and models of healers. Two surveys were conducted at the dental care center and dentists from the region of Nantes. Results: communication between traditional medicine and conventional medicine depends on the capacity of each actor to integrate health concepts and therapeutic models of the two medicines. Patients, dentists and healers communicate with popular terminology sometimes consist of indexed terms. However, there is no guarantee that the traditional healers, patients and doctors have mastered the medicinal challenges of biomedical words. Conclusion: we have thus defined the Associated Medicine, a new concept of public health. It studied the ability of a health care system and its actors to associate with a biomedical concept in order to prevent and manage health and socioeconomic risks
Wanichalaksa, Ratrie Marukatat. "La médecine traditionnelle populaire de l'Issan (Thai͏̈lande) et ses rapports avec la médecine moderne." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0051.
Full textThai folk medecine of the phak issan (in north-east of thailand) is one of herbal medecine practiced, by simple villagers who acquired their knowledge through transmission by the local community or by specialists who acquired a special knowledge through a "teacher". Thai folk medecine at the same time associates animistic beleifs with bouddhist tradition, through magico-religious rituals performed by a "therapeute". The villagers of region today have the choice of two different therapeutic methods : the traditional and the modern. The choice of the therapeute is made according to the local perception of disease. Although herbal medecine has not been institutionalized in the hospitals, it remains very much alive among villagers
Benoît-Vical, Françoise. "Evaluation de l'activité antimalarique in vitro de divers extraits végétaux bruts et purifiés sur Plasmodium falsiparum." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13511.
Full textMansilla, Félicie. "La maladie "iba" : approche anthropologique de la question du paludisme chez les Yoruba du Bénin." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H040.
Full textThrough a study of the utilization of health resources by Yoruba people in the municpality of Accron, the writer tries to identify factors which are obstacles to a successful implementing of the malaria control policy in Benin. Field surveys have shown that health services are under utilized because of their own deficiencies ; that traditional medecine is still in favour with the people ; and that purchase of drugs without prescription is the most often used by people due to a little education and appreciation of the need for medical examination. Moreover these surveys have shown that in Yoruba culture malaria comes under an aetiological category called Iba. According to traditional healers, iba disease is caused by the sun, and is the consequence either of a fault made by the sick person, either of a sorcerer's attack
Caicedo, Fernández Alhena. "L’altérité radicale qui guérit : les nouveaux lieux du chamanisme en Colombie." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0497.
Full textIn recent years, the ritual consumption of ayahuasca or yaje became a spiritual and therapeutic practice defended by hundreds of followers in different latitudes. This thesis aims to understand the colombian yaje traditional field and its expansion process over the past twenty years. Yaje traditional field revolves through exchange networks of shamanic power between Andean highllands indigenous and mestizo peasant populations with those of the lowlands of the Amazon rainforest, where the Yaje is produced. With the introduction of multiculturalism a state policy in the ninety years, the ritual consumption of yaje is spread in major cities, attracting new upper and middle class customers interested in "native traditional medicine" as therapeutic alternative. Although the traditional logic of exchange of shamanic power still is active, this new situation has led the reconfiguration of the shamanic field and the transformation of power hierarchies while incorporating new actors, new logics and new strategies
Chiousse, Sylvie. "Divins thérapeutes : la santé au Brésil, revue et corrigée par les orixás." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0058.
Full textThe rituals of afro-brazilian cults integrate specific practises where the use of plants for therapeutic purposes play a major part. Using both a sociological and anthropological approach, this study stresses first the coherency of the system created in the afro-brazilian cult in the relationship between orixa human body and plants this study questiones also the value of these practises within the contemporary brazilian society in relationship with official medicine
Medegnon, Désiré. "L' anthropologie des savoirs : portée et limites de deux corpus de connaissances africains." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0372.
Full textAs a result of the critical examination of ifa and Evuzok medical system, this dissertation shows the stakes and challenge of a confrontation between african knowledge and modern science. Increasing the value of the African knowledge and practices undeniably requires an audacious counter-appraisal which modern science can validly serve a reference mark for. But it also requires an attention as audacious as well for representations and techniques that science can yet not validate, but which can provide alternatives or complementary ways of interpretation, comprehension and mastery of real. Anthropology of knowlegde could also free itself from the narrow perspective consisting in choosing betwween the two usual major positions, each as mutilating as the other, that are on one hand the research and valuation of the exoyic, and on the other, the identification and the aithentification of the same. It could also serve as a starting point for a crossed epistemology of endogenous knowledge and modern science, able to sow the limits and gaps, as well as the potentialities of the two systems and increase, by the way, the aptitude of human to decode and dominate the real
Atin, Oria. "Place et signification de la pharmacopée dans la médecine traditionnelle lobi." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR21013.
Full textBy way of introduction let us give a brief review of the background to this question. The first thing that needs to be said is that on the map, the lobi land is situated between latitude 9-11 north and between 2. 30-4 latitude west. It would be universally acknowlodged that it is shared out among Ghana - Ivory Coast - Burkina Faso. In their social organization it is obvious to every one that the great domestical subdivision can be distinguished by their identification with a tree or a plant. We can assert that the human references from the differences which can be found in the vegetal species. We must also remember that their food is made of plants and they use plants in order to cure an evil. There is no denying that plant have found a great place not only in social, economical organization and subsistence but also in their medicines. Everything leads one to the conclusion on that. There are two aspects in the traditional medicine. One might offer a slight clarification here. There is a concrete aspect which is visible; perceptible and palpable: the "drug" and the ritual. It is well worth noting that the drug is not supposed to contain in its materiality the necessary medical effectiveness. The most determining element is the ritual and the symbolic elements. There is not the slightest doubt that if we add to the material aspect the ritual and symbolic elements we can obtain a medicine supposed to have the necessary effectiveness
Mvone-Ndong, Simon-Pierre Ezéchiel. "Médecine traditionnelle entre rationalité et spiritualité : réflexion éthique et épistémologique sur l'approche africaine de la médecine : le cas du Gabon." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_mvone_ndong_s.pdf.
Full textAvdeeff, Alexis. "Les feuilles de palme et le stylet : l'art de la prédiction astrologique chez les Valluvar du pays tamoul (Inde du Sud)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0580.
Full textIf in India astrology is primarily associated to Brahmins, in Tamil Ndu its most renowned specialists are the Valluvar, members of a caste that was long considered as untouchable. Drawing upon fieldwork conducted between 2006 and 2008 in several districts of Tamil Nadu and in the Union Territory of Pondicherry, this thesis examines the hereditary occupation and professional identity of the Valluvar astrologers in this region of South India to that effect, this study is based on the exploration and analysis of the different professional skills of these astrologers which, combined together, create what is commonly called "the Valluvar art of foretelling". Throughout this thesis the possession of a scholarly litterature and its role in the process of legitimisation of the professional identity of the Valluvar will be explored. We will also show how this knowledge is put into practice during the astrological consultation, through the study of divinatory speech and its manipulation, as well as through the therapeutic prescriptions the astrologers can aither establish or accomplish. We will then deal with the transformations of this traditional occupation through the analysis of the dynamics which today deeply affect the hereditary transmission of knowledge and skills within the specialists of the caste
L'Khadir, Aïcha. "Mal, maladie, croyances et thérapeutiques au Maroc : le cas de Casablanca." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR21005.
Full textThis thesis rests on the sickness, the malady, the therapeutics and the different believes that surround them. It examines, from an ethnographical research with which one deal in Casablanca (Morocco), the therapeutic itineraries of persons in the state of suffering. It is interrogated about the reasons that permit the patients and their surroundings to appeal to the institution of the modern medicine and/or one of the traditional therapeutic. At the first of all, it delivers the different representations that the inquired population joins in the malady. It studies in the second place the advance of the patient in the first quests of the care in order to analyse at last the observed therapeutic itineraries. The latter is proved heterogeneous and complex. The alternations move the whole society. They relate to several levels : cosmogonic, symbolic, religious, psychological, economic, strategic and political
Rutembesa, Eugène. "Le rôle du thérapeute traditionnel face au syndrome de stress-post traumatique généré par le génocide au Rwanda (1994)." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082468.
Full textThis study investigates the role of traditional healers when taking care of the traumatized of the Rwandan Genocide. In the traditional society, physical and mental health was organized around cultural representations which made up Banyarwanda's deep identity; the various cultural, religious and ritual practices constituted an important part of life and human environment of every Rwandan and used to represent elements of common external reality as well efficient life-preserving tools for everybody. Starting with a few testimonies from my DEA (Master's) research paper, I noticed that the majority of our patients consult traditional healers before visiting hospitals, or psycho-social counseling services, or even keep using traditional healing at the same time with modern treatment. Those disappointed by modern medicine automatically turn to traditional healing practices. These practices which are forms of treatment or interventions in suffering or misfortune situations have their legitimacy only because of their reference to the elders and the manipulation of the symbols. The Rwandan medical staff, using modern, western medicine is not ready yet to face the facts. They complain that the patients do not trust them and that they prefer to invest their trust in these “con artists”. This thesis therefore intends to provide answers to the following questions : -What is the role of the traditional healer in Rwanda nowadays, does he have the same influence as he used to have it in ancient Rwanda ? -Despite the white Christian missionaries' teachings to doubt and despise these traditional healing practices, why do Rwandans keep turning to such practices ? - What is the contribution of the traditional healer in taking care of the survivor of the Rwandan genocide ?
Bindi, Serena. "L' evento fabbricato e fabbricante : il paesaggio della possessione, della cura e della produzionz di senso nella valle del Baghirati (Garwhal, India del Nord)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0371.
Full textThe thesis, based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in a number of rural communities in the north Indian state of Uttarakhand, discusses three forms of possession, namely those involving village and house/lineage deities, as well as those taking places within practices of divination and involving personal gods and goddesses. These rituals allow for different degrees of reflection on events, problems and illnesses which trouble people's everyday lives. Engaging with ongoing anthropological debates on the nature and social role of phenomena of possession, the author argues that instances of possession and divination are at once the product of specific socio-cultural relations and understanding, whilst, at the same time, participate in the production - as contexts of reflection, interpretation, action - of "social reality" and entail a certain degree of agency, negotiations, debates and the expression of power relations between people and betwwen people and supernatural beings
Derme, Assetou. "Les usages sociaux des médicaments à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT3019.
Full textGrand, Simone. "Contribution à une anthropologie de la maladie à Tahiti : pour une médiation entre les mondes de soins et en ethnopsychiatrie." Polynésie française, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POLF0002.
Full textThe purpose is to realise a mediation between still remaining although illegal Polynesian ethno-medicine and scientific medicine. Precise definitions, question practices and places, elaborate hypothesis is what it has been done. Who is this Pacific Islander, formerly gods' descendant who became “primitive” of European and Asian people? Decline one's Polynesian or half-caste identity in claiming spirituality reveals some History wounds. This research has been directed by Professor Serge Dunis's laboratory Imago mundi, encouraged by George Devereux centre's (University of Paris VIII) ethnopsychiatry healing system and by the Pacific regional indigenous doctor's congress. A half-caste researcher studying his own society has to resolve the radical duality required by anthropology. In Tahiti, have been interviewed, 42 healers, 20 physicians and some patients. In Hawaii and New-Zealand, 5 healers in each country and some medical doctors have been met. Translate correctly words of illnesses, healers and practices conducts to the “ontological / functional” (Laplantine) model of Polynesian thought of illness. If the beneficial healing acts are ignored, the bad one's conduct to Justice Court, revealing amnesia, blanks of transmission and lack of a cultural Polynesian reference place. If culture can't heal, lack of culture can kill. Ethnopsychiatric consultation is a place where can be heard the suffering of antagonistic spiritualities and can be initiated a way to reconcile different origins. Preventive and healing Polynesian ethno-medicine needs to be considered with lucidity and serenity. This study opens research orientations in pharmacology, healing practices and medical anthropology. This, as the tahu'a Viri announced : “This work. . . Will have no end. ” Teie ohipa. . . Aite tana e hope'a
Kamgoui, Victorine. "Contribution à l'étude des aspects juridiques de la médecine traditionnelle : l'exemple du Cameroun." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082237.
Full textTraditional medecine has been a millenary practice in Cameroon, having produced proofs of its efficiency. While it has been disconsidered for a while against modern medicine, its popularity has known considerable success recently, with the pauperization of the population. The exercise of this activity produces juridical relations between the tradipratitioner and his patient. Such a relation is liable to undergo multiple juridical incidents. This activity must be apprehended in reference to the concepts of common law, considering that the rules of medical law are nothing but a particular application of common law to this domain. The attempt to qualify the relation tying the tradipratitioner to the patient who consults him has revealed all its complexity. Facing certain practices, devoid of any therapeutical interest, it is necessary to pursue the repression of illegitimate activities and to obtain reparation for the incidents they have produced
Simon, Emmanuelle. "Les initiatives de promotion des thérapeutiques traditionnelles au Bénin, nouveaux enjeux thérapeutiques, politiques et religieux." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30005.
Full textIn 1972, Benin's government initiate a programme in public health including traditional medicine. During the tree past decades, public interest in traditional medicine has increased greatly. And the multiplication of new experiences in traditional medicine modified the urban medical offer and contributes to the emergence of a differentiated and autonomous therapeutic field. Nevertheless, the dynamics of differentiation is limited by the maintenance of a religious field with fuzzy borders. All the projects in traditional medicine also contribute to the development of transnational and global connections. But the emergent arena in global context, represent a permanent process of negotiation (north/south, south/south) according to the different cultural views of the world and the specifics locals concerns
Favier, de Coulomb Annelise. "Les relations entre la médecine traditionnelle et la médecine moderne dans une communauté maya du Yucatan (Mexique) à travers l'exemple de l'accouchement." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030114.
Full textWE CHOOSED A COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTH OF YUCATAN (MEXICO) IN THE MAYA AREA. THE COMMUNITY IS CALLED ICHMUL. WE WANTED TO STUDY THE WAYS THE PEOPLE USE TO CURE. SO THIS COMMUNITY HAB BEEN CHOOSEN BECAUSE OF THE DOUBLE PRESENCE OF MODERN AND TRADITIONNAL MEDeCINE. WE STUDIED PARTICULARLY THE WAYS OF DELIVERING. THE TRADITIONNAL BIRTH ATENDANTS ARE FORMED TO THE NEWS TECHNIQUES THROUGH SESSION OF FORMATION THAT LASTED ONE WEEK OR FEW DAYS. THEN THEY WORK IN THEIR VILLAGE COOPERATING WITH THE DOCTOR (OR THE NURSE) THROUGH THE RURAL CLINIC CALLED"CHINICA" IN YUCATAN WHICH IS A PARTICULAR VERSION OF THE PRIMARY HELTH CENTERS. THOSE PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS WORKS WITH THE TRADITIONNAL PATRICIANS, AND ALSO WITH THE COMUNITY THROUGH THE COMUNITY PARTICIPATION. WE WANTED TO UNDERSTAND WHY, IN SPITE OF THE PRESENCE OF THE "CLINICA" THE PEOPLE STILL DECIDE TO DELIVER AT HOME, WITH A TRADITIONNAL BIRTH ATTENDANT. THIS WORK TRIES TO SHOW THE FORMATION OF THE TRDITIONNAL BIRTH ATTENDANT HAVE AN INFLUENCE AMONG THE GROUPE, AND PARTICULARLY ON THE BIRTH RITUAL
Schell, Anne-Claire. "Délais de recours aux soins, de diagnostic et de traitement de patients présentant une tuberculose pulmonaire à expectoration positive dans deux provinces du Cambodge." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11084.
Full textTchero, Joachim. "Santé et développement en Côte d'Ivoire : essai d'histoire sur le concept de maladie chez les Bété : d'hier à aujourd'hui." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010595.
Full textHealth is what a society has at its disposal. Therefore its cannot be separated from the collective thinking. That is health must reveal the society'inventiness. Science cannot male health ; the means it implements can only improve it provided they are supported by human responsibility. Apart from this twofold process, the main thing lacking to medecine, taken as a solution to health problems in a given community, will always be "efficiency". The present approch can be dealt with by provinding upgrades for rudimentary health care, synthesizing roles and duties, in order to give back to the communites the paternity of their health system