Academic literature on the topic 'Ethologists'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ethologists"

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Beaugrand, Jacques. "International Directory of Ethologists." Behavioural Processes 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(90)90034-d.

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Blehr, Otto. "In defence of "anecdotal data". A case study from a caribou area in West Greenland." Rangifer 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.17.1.385.

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The author pleads for a modification of ethological science that allows for the presentation of even tentative hypotheses, based on what is at present disparagingly referred to as "anecdotal data". It is argued that such data are crucial for the neglected study of the habituation of free-ranging large mammals. In such studies of learning, relevant behavioural observations lie outside the ethologist's control, and can only be replicated by further chance encounters. Observations in their anecdotal form should therefore be made available to other ethologists despite their lack of quantifiable data. This would allow for the creation of a pool of more or less unique observations helping to better understand behaviour.
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Charlesworth, William R. "Adolescents, the Ethologists Are Coming!" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 4 (April 1988): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025580.

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Harcourt, A. H. "Mutualism between ecologists and ethologists?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9, no. 11 (November 1994): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90133-3.

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Gadagkar, Raghavendra. "What Do Ethologists Wish to Know?" Resonance 23, no. 8 (August 2018): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-018-0686-z.

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Richer, John. "A must-read for Human Ethologists." Human Ethology 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22330/he/35/027-031.

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Drummond, Hugh. "Towards a Standard Ethogram: Do Ethologists Really Want One?" Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 68, no. 4 (April 26, 2010): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00135.x.

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Fernandez, Ana Maria, José Antonio Muñoz-Reyes, and Carlos Rodriguez-Sickert. "Welcome Ethologists to the southern end of the world." Human Ethology 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22330/he/34/118-122.

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Poddyakov, A. N. "Tools to Study Behavior and Activity: Psychologists’ Inventions as a Component of Cultural-Historical Process." Cultural-Historical Psychology 19, no. 1 (April 26, 2023): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2023190104.

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<p>Specially designed cultural tools of psychologists&rsquo; and ethologists&rsquo; research activity are considered. The tools are objects stimulating a living being (an animal or a human) to unfold its behavior (activity) and, due to it, providing opportunity to study the behavior (activity). They serve as a base for psychological science and are included in systems of relationships between many people. A history of inventions of these objects (from behaviorists&rsquo; puzzle boxes, gestalt psychologists&rsquo; instruments and experimental objects designed in A.N. Leontiev&rsquo;s activity approach to the newest objects) is a part of intellectual history of humankind and unfolding of its creative potential towards self-development and self-cognition. Some part of the objects become, in a transformed form, objects of mass culture (e.g. toys). These inventions by psychologists and ethologists are a component of cultural-historical process and modern humankind&rsquo;s activity structures.</p>
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McLennan, D. A., Daniel R. Brooks, and J. D. McPhail. "The benefits of communication between comparative ethology and phylogenetic systematics: a case study using gasterosteid fishes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-325.

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Early comparative ethologists stressed both phylogenetic (historical) and environmental (selection) factors when searching for explanations of behavioural evolution. The last two decades have witnessed a narrowing of ethologists' evolutionary perspective to questions concerning environmentally based maintenance of behaviours. This approach, with its reliance on subjective, a priori assumptions concerning the temporal sequence of ethological modifications, dissociates character evolution from underlying phylogenetic relationships. This, in turn, is responsible for the tendency of many researchers to confuse character maintenance (stasis) with character origin and divergence (evolution). The decline of phylogenetically based explanations of behavioural evolution is mirrored by the decline in the utilization of behavioural data in systematic analyses. Yet, since behaviour is closely intertwined with development, physiology, and morphology and thus subject to the same evolutionary processes and constraints, it should change in ways that reflect underlying phylogenetic relationships. Communication between comparative ethologists and systematists is restricted. As an example of the potential benefits of interdisciplinary communication, a phylogenetic systematic analysis of the teleostean family Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks) based solely upon behavioural characters is presented. The phylogenetic tree derived from this analysis has a consistency index of 90.3%. In this particular case, the behavioural data provide a less ambiguous picture than the morphological data. The phylogenetic tree, in turn, is a hypothesis of the temporal sequence of behavioural evolution. From this hypothesis, it is possible to trace the origin, divergence, and interrelationships of agonistic, sexual, and parental behaviours in gasterosteids, and to compare this macroevolutionary patterning with predictions of character evolution based on microevolutionary studies. Examination of behavioural evolution within a phylogenetic framework provides a more robust characterization of evolutionary history. By analyzing and comparing structural (biochemical, morphological) and functional (ecological, behavioural) aspects of the phenotype, future phylogenetic studies will enable us to develop a more comprehensive picture of the patterns of biological evolution.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ethologists"

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Beale, Graeme Robert. "Tinbergian Practice, themes and variations : the field and laboratory methods and practice of the Animal Behaviour Research Group under Nikolaas Tinbergen at Oxford University." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4103.

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This thesis investigates the work of Nikolaas (Niko) Tinbergen and his students, often known as the Tinbergians. Based on extensive archival research, and particularly on intensive study of fieldnotes – a resource largely untouched in previous historical enquiry – I throw new light on the scientific practices both of Tinbergen himself and the practices of individual students of his, including the relationship between research in the field and in the laboratory and the relationship between that research and the Tinbergians representation of their science, both to scientific and lay audiences. Chapter one investigates Tinbergen's own background, and his writings on method and practice. This included a commitment to studying 'natural' behaviour, which led them to be wary of experimental methods that might distort such behaviour. Tinbergen's idea of the 'ethogram' – a complete listing of the behavioural repertoire of a species – is here linked to earlier interest in comparative anatomy as a means of elucidating evolutionary relationships Contrary to the work of Eileen Crist, who argues that ethologist concern to produce mechanomorphic descriptions of behaviour led them to see their animals as machines, I show that the fieldnotes regularly included anthropomorphic description, which only later was excised in writing up scientific publications where mechanistic description and a programmatic rejection of anthropomorphism were the norm. The backgrounds of many of Tinbergen's contemporaries and students was considered in the first half of chapter two, and showed that almost all members of the school had a background in amateur natural history and strong personal and aesthetic affection for the animals they studied. The early fieldwork of the Tinbergians is examined in more detail in the second half of the chapter. This considers the work of two of Tinbergen's students: Robert Hinde and Martin Moynihan. Hinde's work is shown to be transitional between earlier approaches to animal behaviour and the more systematic methodology promoted by Tinbergen, while Moynihan's work instantiated a particularly pure expression of early Tinbergian ideals. Tinbergen's Oxford laboratory is the subject of chapter three, looking in particular at how 'natural' behaviour was studied in an artificial environment. I look at the work of Desmond Morris, Margaret Bastock (later Manning) and J. Michael (Mike) Cullen. Morris's work reproduced field techniques of intensive close observation of behaviour in the laboratory. Bastock's work, largely overlooked by previous historians, showed interest in behaviour genetics. Cullen's work illustrates the difficulties of studying natural behaviour under laboratory conditions, and emphasises the value that Tinbergians placed on direct observation over other possible recording techniques. I then proceed to a more general consideration of the relationship between laboratory and field in the early years of the Tinbergen school. Change over time is the theme of chapter four. Many of the early methodological commitments of the school were subsequently abandoned as the observation-led approach to behaviour gave way to a more explicitly theory-led and interventionist concern with causation, development, evolution and function. This was apparent both in the field and in the laboratory, and even included the occasional adoption of vivisection – a method dramatically at odds with the ethos of the early Tinbergen school. The final chapter investigates how Tinbergen and others of his school communicated their work to amateur audiences, and shows that in some instances the anthropomorphic observations excluded for their scientific writings reappear in these more popular communications. I then link this to the Tinbergen school's longstanding interest in human behaviour. The thesis is supplemented by a conclusion, and two appendices one listing the students studied in the thesis, and the other listing as many of Tinbergen's students as I can identify with surety.
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Ludl, Claus [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Paulmann, Immacolata [Akademischer Betreuer] Amodeo, Dominic [Akademischer Betreuer] Sachsenmaier, and Julia [Akademischer Betreuer] Angster. "Drifting Ethologists. Nikolaas Tinbergen and Gustav Kramer. Two Intellectual Life-Histories in an Incipient Darwinian Epistemic Community (1930-1983). / Claus Ludl. Betreuer: Johannes Paulmann. Gutachter: Johannes Paulmann ; Immacolata Amodeo ; Dominic Sachsenmaier ; Julia Angster." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1087325757/34.

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Ludl, Claus Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Paulmann, Immacolata [Akademischer Betreuer] [Amodeo, Dominic [Akademischer Betreuer] Sachsenmaier, and Julia [Akademischer Betreuer] Angster. "Drifting Ethologists. Nikolaas Tinbergen and Gustav Kramer. Two Intellectual Life-Histories in an Incipient Darwinian Epistemic Community (1930-1983). / Claus Ludl. Betreuer: Johannes Paulmann. Gutachter: Johannes Paulmann ; Immacolata Amodeo ; Dominic Sachsenmaier ; Julia Angster." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:579-opus-1005175.

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Carey, Jean. "Franz Marc as an Ethologist." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4005.

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Keywords: Animalisierung, Einfühlung, Ethology, Expressionism, Painting, German Modernism In this study I deploy the perspective of ethology to examine Franz Marc's paintings of animals. To perceive animals ethologically means acknowledging that animals feel, think, experience, and imagine the world. Ethology has come to include interpretive pursuits as well as traditional field studies, and as I show, Marc's practice encompassed both aspects of this evolving discipline. To establish the presence of ethology in the humanities I give a "case study" of what I call "retroactive ethology" in the work of J.M. Coetzee. I present an account of Marc's deep knowledge about real live animals. I offer an assessment of the inspiration Marc drew from Post-Impressionism and Egyptian art and show how Marc modernizes animal painting by demolishing long-standing conventions of the genre. I offer some ideas to more fully explain two important terms Marc uses, Animalisierung and Einfühlung. Throughout my paper I keep conceptual and historical observations closely tied to Marc's own words and images. Thus by reading and looking closely, we are able to see Marc as a dedicated and innovative ethologist whose implicit environmental commitment offers great comment upon contemporary discussions of the representation of the animal.
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Azambuja, Enaie Maire. "Human and animal in ‘the Open’: an exploration of image and worlding in the poetry of Marianne Moore and João Cabral de Melo Neto." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117999.

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This thesis firstly aims at discussing the early works of American poet Marianne Moore (1887-1972) through the bio-philosophical perspectives developed since the investigations of Estonian Jacob von Uexküll (1864-1944). The study elucidates Uexküll’s research on the web-like forms of life that is the Umwelt of animals and Moore’s creation of poetic environments. Such investigations provide a basis for the analysis of Moore’s animals and environments in dialogue with Martin Heidegger’s (1889-1976) concepts of “poverty in world”, and “animal captivation”. Uexküll’s and Heidegger’s concepts are revised by Italian Giorgio Agamben (1942- ), who proposes that there is an openness in the state of being ontologically captivated, caused by interactional processes occurring within the environment. Subsequently, taking into account these same perspectives, this thesis offers a comparative study of Marianne Moore and Brazilian poet João Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999), engaging, respectively, her early poems with his book O Cão Sem Plumas [The Dog without Feathers], written in 1950. From the bio-philosophical perspectives previously discussed, this study focuses on moral and ethical stances addressed towards interpretations of the onto-ethological (Buchanan, 2008) nature of animals. The study analyses how both Moore and Melo Neto convey their ethical reflections and specific moral issues through expressions of nature and animal life, especially when they emphasise contexts of violence, misery and deprivation, either in material or conceptual respects, involved with the ontological and world-forming conditions of both animals and human beings. Therefore, the research will focus on their use of literary devices, such as allegories, and literary genres, such as fables, in order to develop both explicit and implicit dimensions of their poetry, thus providing a deeper understanding of the ontological status of animals and human beings.
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Books on the topic "Ethologists"

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Escriba, Xavier Duran i. Jordi Sabater Pi: El traç de la natura. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2001.

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Celli, Giorgio. Konrad Lorenz: L'etologo e i suoi fantasmi. [Milano]: B. Mondadori, 2001.

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Rousseau, Leon. Eugène Marais and the Darwin syndrome: Die Dowwe spoor van Eugène Marais. Kaapstad: Ibis, [2000?], 2000.

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Lorenz, Konrad. " Rettet die Hoffnung": Konrad Lorenz im Gespräch mit Kurt Mündl. Wien: Jugend und Volk, 1988.

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Poole, Joyce. Coming of age with elephants: A memoir. New York: Hyperion, 1996.

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C, Drickamer Lee, and Dewsbury Donald A. 1939-, eds. Leaders in animal behaviour: The second generation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Tembrock, Günter, and Andreas Wessel. Ohne Bekenntnis keine Erkenntnis: Günter Tembrock zu Ehren. Bielefeld: Kleine, 2008.

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C, Drickamer Lee, and Dewsbury Donald A. 1939-, eds. Leaders in animal behaviour: The second generation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Bischof, Norbert. Gescheiter als alle die Laffen: Ein Psychogramm von Konrad Lorenz. Hamburg: Rasch und Röhring, 1991.

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Greenstein, Elaine. The goose man: The story of Konrad Lorenz. Boston: Clarion Books, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ethologists"

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Kirchhelle, Claas. "Between Physiology and Psychology—Ethology and Animal Feelings." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62792-8_4.

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AbstractThis chapter explores scientific thinking about animal behaviour and welfare from the late nineteenth century onwards. After a period of unsystematic investigations of animal cognition and feelings (affective states), many researchers abandoned allegedly anthropomorphic approaches in favour of new mechanistic behaviourist models. Interest in the evolutionary roots and purpose of behaviour was gradually revived by ethologists from the interwar period onwards. While senior continental ethologists shied away from research on animal feelings, a growing number of Anglo-American ethologists questioned supposed divides between animal and human cognition and anthropomorphic taboos associated with studying affective states. In post-war Britain, the University Federation of Animal Welfare and ethologists Julian Huxley and William Homan Thorpe used research on behaviour and stress to call for improved welfare. Their actions were strongly influenced by Edwardian concepts of science as a progressive force for the moral and spiritual improvement of human society.
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Calarco, Matthew. "The Three Ethologies." In Exploring Animal Encounters, 45–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92504-2_2.

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Terry, R. P. "Odontocete Sonar Systems Research — Future Directions from a Ethologist’s Personal Point of View." In Animal Sonar, 715–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7493-0_77.

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Kirchhelle, Claas. "Becoming an Activist: Ruth Harrison’s Turn to Animal Welfare." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 35–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62792-8_3.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on Harrison’s life prior to writing Animal Machines. Together with her siblings, Harrison was brought up in close contact to Britain’s cultural elite. After attending schools in London, Harrison commenced her university studies in 1939. The outbreak of war had a transformative impact on her life. Harrison was evacuated to Cambridge where she likely came into contact with ethologist William Homan Thorpe. She converted to Quakerism and subsequently enrolled in the Friends’ Ambulance Unit. The Quaker principles of non-violence, humanitarianism, and bearing witness to injustice would serve as important reference points throughout Harrison’s campaigning. After the war, she completed her studies in the dramatic arts but abandoned a potential career as a theatre producer. In 1954, she married architect Dexter Harrison. Similar to many Quakers, Harrison’s humanitarian concerns motivated her to become involved in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and protest perceived technological, moral, and environmental threats to society.
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"Jung and the ethologists." In Archetype Revisited, 37–47. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203627129-7.

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"Jung and the ethologists." In Archetype Revisited, 23–33. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315740515-1.

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"Ethologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2408. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_301525.

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Foster, Susan A. "Evolution of the reproductive behaviour of threespine stickleback." In The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback, 381–98. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577287.003.0013.

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Abstract Ethologists have been interested in understanding evolutionary processes that structure behavioural patterns since the turn of the century (e.g. Whitman 1899; Heinroth 1911), or even earlier if Charles Darwin may be included among the ranks of ethologists (Darwin 1872). Typically, comparisons have been made among closely related species in an effort to examine historical sequences in phenotypic evolution and to determine the extent to which behavioural phenotypes have been influenced by phylogenetic history. These efforts have demonstrated clearly that at least some behavioural phenotypes are strongly conserved over long time periods in phylogeny and can therefore reflect the patterns of phylogenetic diversification within a clade (reviewed in Lauder 1986; McLennan et al. 1988; Burghardt and Gittleman 1990; Brooks and McLennan 1991).
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Dennis Sustare, B. "Physics of Light: An Introduction for Light-Minded Ethologists." In The Behavioral Significance of Color, 3–32. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351270441-2.

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Ryan, Michael J. "Introduction: Phylogenetics in Behavior: Some Cautions and Expectations." In Phylogenies and the Comparative Method in Animal Behavior, 1–21. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092103.003.0001.

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Abstract Phylogenetics has had an interesting history in studies of animal behavior (Burghardt & Gittleman 1990; Brooks & McLennan 1991). For some of the early ethologists with backgrounds in comparative anatomy, species comparisons were the essence of their science. Coincident with the formulation of kin selection theory (Hamilton 1964), however, emphases in animal behavior shifted toward issues in population genetics and population biology, and sociobiology seemed quickly to forget its ethological (both its historical and mechanistic) roots.
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