Academic literature on the topic 'Ethyl laktát'

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand und Ziel: Darstellung der Diagnostik und Therapie eines Pemphigus foliaceus bei einem Hund. Material und Methode: Fallbericht einer 13 Jahre alten Kromfohrländer-Hündin. Ergebnisse: Die Hündin entwickelte über acht Wochen umschriebene Hautläsionen mit Hyperkeratose, Krustenbildung und Hyperpigmentation im Nacken-, Kruppenund Schwanzansatzbereich. Die histopathologischen Untersuchungen ergaben das Vorliegen eines Pemphigus foliaceus mit sekundärer Pyodermie. Unter der oralen Behandlung mit Prednisolon, Antibiotika und Azathioprin sowie gleichzeitiger lokaler Anwendung von Tacrolinum-Salbe und Ethyl-Laktat-Shampoo zeigte sich keine anhaltende klinische Besserung. Es erfolgte eine chirurgische Entfernung der gesamten veränderten Hautareale. In einem Zeitraum von 24 Monaten post operationem erhielt die Hündin keine medikamentöse Therapie mehr; ein Rezidiv ist bisher nicht aufgetreten. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Bei therapieresistenten umschriebenen Autoimmunerkrankungen der Haut sollte auch eine chirurgische Exzision erwogen werden, wenn es wahrscheinlich ist, dass der Prozess durch lokal begrenzte Faktoren verursacht wird.

Jaruk tigarun is a traditional fermented food from South Borneo made from tigarun flower that was fermented in water without salt addition. The objectives of the research were to isolate and identify the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from jaruk tigarun then to determine the DPPH radical scavenging activities of jaruk tigarun extracts. LAB was isolated from jaruk tigarun which was fermented for 7 days at room temperature. Media of MRS+CaCO3 were used to isolate the LAB while API 50 CHL kit was utilised to identify them. Fresh flowers and jaruk tigarun were also freeze-dryed, crushed and extracted using methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate. The total phenolic and antioxidant activity of each extract were determine with Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH. Three isolates of LAB were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. The fermentation was able to increase total phenolic of jaruk tigarun which was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate (53.24 ± 0.73, 44.86 ± 0.90 and 23.95 ± 0.13 mg GAE/g extract, respectively). Similarly, the antioxidant activity of jaruk tigarun that were extracted with methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate increased to 92.68 ± 0.02 %, 92.43 ± 0.11 %, and 42.94 ± 0.02 %. Methanolic extract of jaruk tigarun has the highest IC50 that was equal to 1.511 μg/mL. UV-Vis spectrum analysis and FT-IR were used to identify the compounds isolated from methanolic extract of jaruk tigarun resulting flavonoid as tentative identified compounds. ABSTRAKJaruk tigarun adalah salah satu makanan fermentasi tradisional dari Kalimantan Selatan yang dibuat dengan cara merendam bunga tigarun dalam air matang selama beberapa hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri asam laktat yang terlibat selama fermentasi jaruk serta mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan radikal DPPH pada jaruk tigarun. BAL diisolasi dari bunga tigarun yang difermentasi selama 7 hari pada suhu kamar sampai menjadi jaruk. Isolasi BAL menggunakan media MRS+CaCO3 dan diidentifikasi dengan API 50 CHL Kit. Bunga segar dan jaruk tigarun juga masing-masing dikeringbekukan, dihaluskan dan diekstraksi dengan metanol, etanol dan etil asetat. Total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan dari masing masing ekstrak ditentukan dengan metoda Folin Ciocalteu dan DPPH. Tiga isolat BAL berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi sebagai Lactobacillus plantarum. Fermentasi berhasil meningkatkan total fenolik dari jaruk tigarun yang diekstrak dengan metanol, etanol dan etil asetat berturut-turut sebesar 53,24 ± 0,73, 44,86 ± 0,90 dan 23,95 ± 0,13 mg GAE/g ekstrak. Demikian pula halnya dengan aktivitas antioksidan dari jaruk yang diekstrak dengan metanol, etanol dan etil asetat meningkat menjadi 92,68 ± 0,02 %, 92,43 ± 0,11 %, dan 42,94 ± 0,02 %. Ekstrak metanol dari jaruk tigarun memiliki IC50 yang paling baik yaitu sebesar 1.511 μg/mL. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa yang dimurnikan dari ekstrak metanol jaruk menggunakan analisis spektrum UV-Vis dan FT-IR diperoleh dugaan senyawa adalah golongan flavonoid.Kata kunci: DPPH; flavonoid; jaruk tigarun; L. Plantarum; total fenolik

Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia yang diisolasi dari fraksi n-butanol ekstrak metanol herba lampasau (Diplazium esculentum Swartz). Ekstrak metanol diperoleh secara maserasi dan difraksinasi berturut-turut denganpetroleum eter, etil asetat, dan n-butanol. Fraksi n­-butanol difraksinasidengan kromatografi kolom dengan fase diam silika gel dihasilkan fraksi A, B, C, dan D. Fraksi B dimurnikan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif pada silika geldihasilkan isolat B1. Isolat B1 berupa padatan tidak berwarna danberfluoresensi putih di bawah lampu UV 366 nm. Panjang gelombang maksimum pada spektra UV isolat B1 adalah 225 nm dan 272.5 nm yang menunjukkan adanya ikatan rangkap tak terkonjugasi. Spektra IR isolat B1 menunjukkan adanya gugus C=C, –OH, C=O lakton, –CO, C–H ulur, dan C–H tekuk. Spektra 1H-NMR isolat B1 menunjukkan sinyal proton pada ikatan rangkap, proton –OH, proton pada –CH2 yang terikat atom oksigen, serta proton gugus metil –CH3. Berdasarkan data spektra UV, IR, dan 1H-NMR maka isolat B1 disarankan sebagai turunan senyawa triterpenoid hopan-lakton. Kata kunci : diplazium esculentum Swartz, fraksi n-butanol, triterpenoid hopan-lakton Abstract The research aims to identify chemical compounds isolated fromn-butanol fraction methanol extract of lampasau herbs (Diplazium esculentum Swartz). The methanol extract was obtained by maceration and fractioned by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, andn-butanol. N-butanol fraction was fractionated using column chromatography on silica gel produced fractions A, B, C, and D. Fraction B was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel produced isolate B1. Isolate B1was colorless solid and has white fluorescent under UV lamp 366 nm. The maximum wavelength on UV spectra of B1 are 225 nm and 272,5 nm indicates the unconjugated double bond. IR spectra of B1 showed the vibration of C=C, –OH, C=O lactone, –CO, C–H stretching and C–H bending. Signals of 1H-NMR spectra of B1 showed the proton of double bond, –OH proton, –CH2 proton bounded on oxygen atom, and –CH3 methyl proton. Based on data of spectra UV, IR, and 1H-NMR, isolate B1 suggested as a hopan triterpen derivative. Keywords : diplazium esculentum Swartz, n-butanol fraction, hopan-lactone triterpene

This diploma thesis deals with chemical recyclation polylactide to lactide. In the theory is summarized actual state of knowledge about chemical recyclation of polylactides, their properties, preparations a possibilities of characterization. Experimental part of work verify ethanolysis of PLA withthe samples of granulate, waste filaments and textiles. In the experimental work is suggested an optimalization of alcoholysis to direct yield of oligomer suitable for depolymerization to lactide. This method was verified for 5 different samples of PLA, which 4 of them was made of waste PLA. The time needed for depolymerization was evaluated and the effect of catalysis. Lactide and PLA recyclates was further analyzed by NMR, FTIR, DSC and GPC.

This diploma thesis deals with senthesis of lactic acid ethyl ester from slats of lactic acid. The literature review has been processed in the theoretical part of the diploma thesis. It is focused on manufacturing technologies of lactic acid esters, mainly on ethyl lactate by conventional and non-conventional ways of producing. Also the literature review involves producing of lactic acid and slats of lactic acid by fermentation because subsequently is possible produce ethyl lactate from that two substances. The laboratory apparatus for preparation of ethyl lactate and methyl lactate has been designed, realized and verificated function of it in the experimental part. There were carried out laboratory experimnets for production ethyl lactate and methyl lactate in this apparaturs.

This master thesis deals with the synthesis of lactide from lactic acid esters. The theoretical part focuses on the current understanding of technology of lactic acid, its alkyl esters and the cyclic lactic acid dimer - lactide, which is mainly used as a precursor for the synthesis of high moleculat weight biodegradable polylactide (PLA) and other copolymers. Experimental part is then focused on the synthesis of lactide from lactic acid alkyl esters, especially ethyl lactate. Examines the design of a suitable apparatus for this synthesis and the application of the most appropriate reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, catalysis) to optimize the preparation of the desired product. In the end, parameters of prepared lactide are characterized by using of various analytical techniques.