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Girma, Wondimu Desalegn. "Ungdomsfotboll i Etiopien : Kartläggning av ungdomsfotboll i Etiopien." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5899.
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Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med undersökningen är att beskriva hur barn- och ungdomsfotbollen är organiserad i Addis Abeba, Etiopien, med ett speciellt fokus på ungdomsfotbollen. Uppsatsen kommer att redovisa ledares, tränarnas och ungdomars beskrivning av ungdomsfotbollen. Frågeställningarna är: Hur beskriver tränare, ledare och ungdomar ungdomsfotbollens organisation samt dess hinder och möjligheter, i Addis Abeba Etiopien. Metod Både en kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod har använts. Studien genomfördes dels med intervjuer med sex personer där två tillhör fotbollsfederationen, en är från kommunen, två är ungdomstränare och en sportchef på en klubb i Etiopiens första liga, dels via en enkätundersökning med två ungdomslag i åldrarna 13–17 år. Resultat Resultatet av intervjuerna och enkäterna visar att endast viss begränsad organisation finns. För åldrarna 6–12 år finns i Addis Abeba eller i Etiopien ingen organisation likt exempelvis Sveriges statsstödda barn- och ungdomsverksamhet. I denna åldersgrupp görs enbart tillfälliga lösningar genom klubbarna och federationen, eller av barnen och ungdomarna själva genom spontanfotboll. För de lite äldre pojkarna, 13-15 år, finns skolfotboll samt så kallade ”projekt”, men ingen organisation eller några fotbollsföreningar. Ungdomsfotbollen har många utmaningar. Det saknas resurser, utbildade tränare, lämpliga fotbollsplaner, materiel, utrustning, lokaler och träningstider. Det saknas också en tydlig policy hos Etiopiens och Addis Abebas fotbollsfederation som prioriterar ungdomsfotbollen och som visar hur den bör organiseras. Det finns dock stora möjligheter till förbättring. Enkäten visar att intresset och motivationen är stort. Slutsats Ungdomsfotbollen i Addis Abeba är organisatoriskt outvecklad och uppvisar brister i struktur, prioritering och långsiktighet. Detta behöver åtgärdas om man vill nå en hållbar ungdomsfotboll i Etiopien.Kurs Idrott III
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Eriksson, Linn. "Det “utomjordiska” Etiopien : En kritisk diskursanalys av framställningen av Etiopien som resmål i ett resereportage ur tidningen Vagabond." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18467.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the portrayal of Ethiopia as a destination in a travel report from the newspaper Vagabond. The method used is critical discourse analysis, based on postcolonial theory formation. The focus of the analysis is to examine how Ethiopia and its population are represented in the text. This is done by finding out what descriptions, formulations and concepts are used to entice the reader to travel there. Since I want to investigate how the text differs from other reports on travel destinations in Africa, a comparison is also made with two other texts. The main conclusion that can be drawn from the results is that the text conveys the image of Ethiopia as a different destination where the locals and their way of life are the focus. The text in the report is characterized by stereotypical notions that people in the "third world" live an uncivilized life that contrasts with the "modern West".
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Andersson, Margareta. "Missionssyn och missionspraktik i Evangeliska Fosterlandsstiftelsen : speglat av brev och bloggar från Etiopien." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202622.
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Rubenson, Maria. "Lärande om avdunstning : hur en lektion förändrar etiopiska elevers uppfattningar om avdunstning på mikroskopisk nivå." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11218.
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I min uppsats har jag undersökt hur lärares undervisning om avdunstning på partikelnivå påverkar elevernas uppfattningar av fenomenet. Undersökningen genomfördes i fem niondeklasser i Etiopien.Som teoretisk grund har jag utgått från fenomenografin och variationsteorins perspektiv – i vilka man utgår från att lärande är synonymt med förändring i människors sätt att erfara världen. Enligt dessa teorier är variation av perspektiv och aspekter av det aktuella objektet avgörande för vilket lärande som kan ske.Studier om elevers uppfattningar om avdunstning på mikroskopisk nivå visar att partikelbegreppet är viktigt för elevers förståelse för avdunstning. Elever vet ofta att materia är uppbyggt av partiklar men inte hur de ska förklara det, de äger inte partikelbegreppet.Med hjälp av kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer före och efter undervisningssituationen tog jag reda på hur elevernas uppfattningar förändrades av lektionen. Resultatet av intervjuerna relaterades sedan till den grad av variation som kunde uppmärksammas i de observationer som gjordes av undervisningen.Studien visade att det var få elever vars uppfattningar förändrades av lektionen, oberoende av hur mycket variation som kunde uppmärksammas. I de fall lärande kunde påvisas fanns dock samband med graden av variation.
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Alsegård, Tove. "Barns rättigheter i praktiken : Erfarenheter från en etiopisk skola." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108548.
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Konventionen om barnets rättigheter gör anspråk på att vara universell och har ratificerats av majoriteten av världens stater. I artikel 28 och 29 i konventionen står det att barn har rätt till utbildning och att den ska syfta till att lära barn om deras rättigheter. Dessa artiklar tillsammans med konventionens fyra grundprinciper utgör grunden till denna undersökning. Studien genomförs på en privatskola i Etiopien. Med en kvalitativ etnografisk ansats har jag undersökt hur barns rättigheter realiseras i det pedagogiska arbetet på skolan. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgörs av sociokulturell inlärningsteori, Harts delaktighetsstege och hegemoni som maktstruktur. Vidare har jag tagit del av forskning inom barns rättigheter, delaktighet, relationer, disciplin i skolan och mångkultur. I studiens material framkom att relationerna mellan lärare – elev och mellan elev – elev har en stor betydelse för hur elevernas rättigheter realiseras. Lärarna har en auktoritär roll som ibland kan vara präglat av förtroende och legitimitet och ibland av rädsla och bestraffning. Förväntningarna på eleverna i skolan varierade mellan huruvida eleverna var hög eller lågpresterande. Det visade sig att de elever som ansågs vara högpresterande fick en större plats i skolan och att deras förhållande till läraren var av det mer förtroliga slaget. Jag diskuterar utrymmet för elevernas delaktighet. Hur delaktigheten har ett symbolvärde och bygger mycket på elevernas egen förmåga och initiativ att våga uttrycka sin åsikt. I studien presenteras också ett genusperspektiv. Genom att ge en inblick i en etiopisk skola vill jag bidra med att öka förståelsen för de elever som kommer till vår svenska skola från en annan kultur.
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Wallmark, Patrik. "I höglandets skugga ekonomi, social organisation och etnisk identitet hos Begafolket i norra Wollegas lågland, Etiopien /." Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, Kulturantropologiska institutionen, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21594629.html.
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Östlund, Rosanna. "Går det att stympa kärlek? : Den liberala och radikala feminismens syn på kvinnlig könsstympning i Etiopien." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34942.
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The purpose of my work is to understand and examine the reasons why Ethiopia has not developed a larger decline of female genital mutilation, despite their ban on it? A ban that has been operating for ten years should reasonably have reached a greater change than the one Ethiopia has developed today. Based on two different branches of feminist theory, the liberal feminist theory and radical feminist theory, I will try to understand the potential power relationship that can be a immense reason for Ethiopia's continued practice with regard to female genital mutilation. I will examine the liberal feminist approach when it comes to seeing the state as the source of the balance of power that generate inequality in the world between men and women. I will also apply the radical feminist theory on my case study and understand the problem of patriarchy and its already set roles for men and women that we are following in the society today, resulting in gender inequality. The result shows that the radical feminist approach with patriarchy as essential explanation, which articulates that because of ancient traditions and the exercise of power, the amendment must be the changing of power relations between men and women in the private sphere rather than the liberal feminist approach which applies that the state repair the problem.
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Weiner, Charlotte. "Skuld och skam : Etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av existentiella kval i palliativ hemsjukvård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4121.
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Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som vårdar svårt sjuka döende patienter konfronteras dagligen av sorg, frustration och svårvärderade symtom, där även etiska och kulturella aspekter ingår. I en allt mer personcentrerad och mångkulturell vårdmiljö ökar förväntningar och krav på sjuksköterskans yrkeskunskap. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av patienters uttryck för skuld och skam i palliativ hemsjukvård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, samt illustrera efterföljande omvårdnadshandlingar. Metod: Studien baseras på sjuksköterskors erfarenheter. Fokusgruppsdata insamlades under våren 2013, i Addis Ababa i Etiopien. Ljudinspelad data transkriberades och analyserades med stöd av kvalitativ systematisk textkondensering. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter visar att skuld- och skamkänslor i samband med obotlig sjukdom hör nära samman med tidigare livshandlingar. Skuld-och skamkänslor kunde enligt sjuksköterskorna vara såväl kulturellt som individuellt betingat. Kval sågs ibland leda till social och existentiell isolering. Sjuksköterskans roll var bekräftande och stödjande. Slutsats: I den här studien visar Etiopiska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter att svårt sjuka och döende patienter uttrycker skuld-och skamkänslor som kan leda till isolering. Sjuksköterskors medvetenhet om existentiella kval ur kulturella perspektiv kan främja en personcentrerad omvårdnad vid livets slut.Background: Nurses who care for terminally ill and dying patients are daily confronted with underlying emotions such as grief and frustration including ethical and cultural dimensions. In a more person-centered, multicultural healthcare environment, the expectations and demands on nurses' professional knowledge increases. Aim: The purpose of this study is to elucidate Ethiopian nurses' experiences of patients expressions of guilt and shame in palliative care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to illustrate subsequent nursing actions. Methods: The study is based on nurses' experiences. Focus group data were collected during the spring of 2013, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Recorded audio data was transcribed and analyzed in accordance with qualitative systematic text condensation. Results: Nurses' experiences show that guilt and shame associated with incurable disease is closely related to past life deeds. Nurses' reported that patients often interpret diseases to their life choices and actions. Guilt and shame could, according to the nurses be both culturally and individually determined. The agony was sometimes seen to lead to social and existential isolation. The nurses’ role was confirmatory and supportive. Conclusions: This study shows Ethiopian nurses' experiences to seriously ill and dying patients expressing guilt and shame that can lead to isolation. Nurses' awareness of existential agony from the cultural perspective can promote a person-centered care at the end of life.
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Svensson, Magnus, and Niclas Liljenby. ""De firade med en öl" : En jämförelse av Dagens Nyhetersoch Aftonbladets rapportering om defängslade journalisterna i Etiopien." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsforskning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23544.
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Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra hur Dagens Nyheter respektive Aftonbladet rapporterade om de fängslade svenska journalisterna i Etiopien. Martin Schibbye och Johan Persson greps den 1 juli 2011 i Ogadenregionen i östra Etiopien efter att illegalt ha tagit sig in i landet med hjälp av den terrorstämplade gerillan ONLF. Händelsen fick stor uppmärksamhet i svenska medier. Vi ville med vår undersökning studera om morgontidningar, i vårt fall Dagens Nyheter, tar efter kvällstidningarnas sätt att rapportera om stora händelser. Vi valde ut åtta artikelsidor eller uppslag ur de båda tidningar att analysera och formulerade följande frågeställningar: Hur presenterades nyheterna kring Johan Persson och Martin Schibbyes tillfångatagande, rättegång, dom och frigivning i Dagens Nyheter respektive Aftonbladet, i de artikelsidor och uppslag som vi valde ut? Vad finns det för likheter och skillnader i de artikelsidor och uppslag vi valt ut från Dagens Nyheter respektive Aftonbladet gällande tabloidisering? Utifrån dessa frågeställningar konstruerade vi en kvalitativ textanalys med kvantitativa inslag där vi ställde vi frågor till texterna som vi hade formulerat utifrån begreppet tabloidisering, för att undersöka om texterna var tabloidiserade. Resultatet visade att det fanns klara tendenser till tabloidsering i de sidor och uppslag vi analyserade i Dagens Nyheter. Detta resultat förklarade vi främst med tidningsbranschens ekonomiska situation. Vi fann även att det fanns stora likheter, både text- och bildmässigt i de undersökta tidningarna. Detta resultat förklarade vi huvudsakligen med medielogiken.
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Shimeles, Abebe. "Essays on poverty, risk and consumption dynamics in Ethiopia /." Göteborg: Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law, Göteborg University, 2006. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00004856/01/Abebe%5Ffull.pdf.
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Reynolds, Benjamin. "Variability and change in Koga reservoir volume, Blue Nile, Ethiopia : Variabilitet och förändring i Kogadammens vattenvolym, Blå Nilen, Etiopien." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-199832.
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Ethiopia has long since been an area strongly affected by drought. Although there is a relativelylarge amount of fresh water present in the country, variability in rainfall and lack ofinfrastructure lead to the result that most of the population is undersupplied with water. In thisregion where water is such a valuable commodity, the Abay River is a large, mainly untappedresource. Agriculture is the largest economic activity in Ethiopia but the productivity ofagriculture here is one of the lowest in the world, making food security a serious problem for acountry with a fast growing population. The development of irrigation projects is hoped toensure food security at the household level. The Koga Dam is a key project for the Ethiopiangovernment, as a step towards achieving food self-sufficiency at both national and regionallevels for a country that has a history of draughts and famine. If this project succeeds, it will be amodel for projects to come and proof that dams and water management can bring change to theregion, particularly concerning food security. Sedimentation is a problem for many dams aroundthe world, and especially in this region. It is likely that the volume of the Koga reservoir willdecrease over time due to reservoir siltation. Variability in climate is also predicted for the regionwhich could mean years with below average rain. These two factors combined could mean adecrease in water supply for the irrigation project in the future. This study applies existingknowledge of sedimentation and annual climate variability relative to the Koga reservoir to asimple reservoir model in order to investigate current and future annual changes in thereservoir’s volume. Climate and volume change were incorporated into the water balance model.Results showed that the dam should be capable of providing enough irrigation water to farm yearround assuming average climate and climate variability and no sedimentation. However, as lowas an 11% decrease in storage could result in the reservoir drying out for at least one month ayear.Etiopien har sedan länge varit utsatt för vattenbrist. Trots att det finns ganska mycket sötvatten ilandet leder variation i nederbörd och brist på infrastruktur till att en stor del av befolkningensaknar vatten i tillräcklig utsträckning. När vatten är en sådan värdefull råvara är Blå Nilen(Abay floden är den inhemska beteckningen) en stor och outnyttjad resurs för regionen.Jordbruk är den största näringen i Etiopien men jordbrukets produktivitet är en av de lägsta ivärlden. Med tanke på landets snabbt växande befolkning är livsmedelsförsörjningen därför enallvarligutmaning. Utvecklingen av bevattningsprojekt förväntas trygga livsmedelsförsörjningenpå familjenivå. Kogadammen är ett centralt projekt både på nationell och på regional nivå. Denetiopiska regeringen som ser den som ett steg mot livsmedelssäkerhet mot bakgrund av landetshistoria av regnbrist och svält. Om projektet lyckas, kommer det att bli en modell för framtidaprojekt och ett bevis på att dammar och vattenförvaltning kan ge förändra situationen, särskiltmed avseende på livsmedelssäkerhet. Sedimentering är ett problem för många dammar runt om ivärlden, särskilt i denna region. Risken är stor att Kogadammens vattenvolym kommer attminska på grund av igenslamning. Klimatets variabilitet förutspås dessutom öka i regionen ochkan innebära år med såväl mindre som mer regn än idag. Sedimenteringen och den ökadenederbördsvariabiliteten kan möjligtvis innebära en minskad tillgång på bevattningsvatten iframtiden. Denna studie använde sig av befintlig kunskap om sedimentering och årligaklimatvariationer för att studera tänkbara förändringar i Kogadammens vattenvolym.Existerande data användes i en enkel reservoarmodell för att undersöka årliga volymförändringari reservoaren idag och i framtiden. Dammens månatliga vattenbalans beräknades årsvis underolika antaganden om klimat och volymförändringar. Beräkningarna visar att dammen bör kunnaleverera tillräckligt med vatten för att bevattna hela projektområdet om ingen klimatförändringeller volymminskning sker. Men om en volymminskning skulle inträffa, skulle dammensannolikt inte kunna leverera tillräckligt med vatten för bevattning under torrsäsongenmednuvarande odlingsmönster.
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Tetzlaff, Jonna, and Sofia Nääs. "Idealister eller idioter? : En studie av mediers framställning av Johan Persson och Martin Schibbye under och efter fängslandet i Etiopien." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-87545.
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The idea to this bachelor thesis was born after carefully following the coverage of Johan Persson and Martin Schibbye in Swedish media during their imprisonment in Ethiopia from June 2011 to September 2012. Based on our interest we designed two questions to answer throughout the thesis. These are: (1) How are Johan Persson and Martin Schibbye portrayed as journalists in the discussion about them that has taken place in Swedish media? (2) How is the journalistic profession described in the discussion about Johan Persson and Martin Schibbye in Swedish media? To answer these questions we decided to analyse texts that can be defined as the genre of opinion journalism, which all came from Swedish printed media. We have chosen 16 texts to analyse which show the variety of ways to write about Persson and Schibbye in the chosen genre during the chosen period of time. Opinion journalism is what newspapers use to attract readers, as they want to supplement the news coverage with comments and analysis from “experts”. Persson and Schibbye were imprisoned in Ethiopia in June of 2011, and weren’t released until 15 months later, in September of 2012. To analyse our material we have amongst others used theories regarding social constructionism, representation, discourse, the journalistic identity and the journalistic ideals that exist in Swedish society. The method chosen to carry through our analysis is a critical discourse analysis, according to Norman Faircloughs theory and his three dimensional model concerning text, the discourse practice and the social practice. The results that came from our analysis is that Persson and Schibbye is portrayed in three ways; as journalistic heroes, victims and/or crooks. In those examples that portray Persson and Schibbye as heroes, it is not only them that are praised, but also journalism as a profession and the journalistic assignment. This is also true regarding the texts that portay Schibbye as a crook, since it is Schibbyes earlier engagement in communistic politics that is criticised, not the journalistic profession itself. Persson and Schibbye are also portrayed as victims of the Ethiopian government and abuse of power.
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Damberg, Elin. "Tyst diplomati : En jämförande fallstudie som skildrar den tysta diplomatin som förhandlingsstrategi i konfliktlösningar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-48779.
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Through an older study auspices, awakened an interest to study how the statesmen manage the world order. The answer has its starting point in diplomacy. This paper will focus on the most criticized and controversial branch of diplomacy: the quiet diplomacy. The quiet diplomacy is a deemed confidential and flexible method that is adopted for particularly sensitive conflict resolutions, which takes place at an intergovernmental level. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the diplomatic process in three journalistic cases. Although, these cases are different in one significant standing, one resemblance may be noticed. All cases encompass a quiet diplomacy. Have the quiet diplomacy developed opportunities or obstacles in the various mediation activities? Theories in the form of analysis dimensions serve as the framework in this paper and are tasked to derive the concept through the respective cases.
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Timoney, Ringström Miriam, and Elin Johansen. "HIV POSITIVE WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE OF STIGMA FROM HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH : Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-244699.
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Introduktion: 1,2 miljoner människor lever med HIV/AIDS i Etiopien, men med rätt åtgärder kan en gravid, HIV-positiv kvinna minska risken för att smitta sitt barn till under 5 %. Trots detta upplever en majoritet av HIV-positiva patienter stigma från sjukvårdspersonal som kan leda till en minskad livskvalitet. Vårdpersonalens förståelse av stigma och kunskap om HIV är nödvändig för att utveckla strategier för att minska denna stigmatisering. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka HIV-positiva kvinnors upplevelser av stigmatisering från vårdpersonal under graviditet och förlossning i Addis Ababa, Etiopien. Metod: En deskriptiv studie med kvalitativ ansats användes. Sju HIV-positiva kvinnor som har mottagit mödravård i Addis Ababa, Etiopien, deltog med hjälp av bekvämlighet urval. Travelbees omvårdnadteori och en kognitiv modell av AIDS-relaterad stigma användes som teoretisk ram. Strukturerade intervjufrågor användes och data analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien har tre kategorier; Negativa reaktioner från vårdpersonal, Ingen känsla av stigma och Utbildning från vårdpersonal till kvinnorna. Majoriteten av deltagarna hade upplevt en händelse av HIV-relaterat stigma från vårdpersonal. Detta genom att bland annat känna sig annorlunda bemött på grund av sin diagnos eller genom att ha upplevt hur vårdpersonalen var överdrivet rädda för att bli smittade. Resultatet visar också att det finns vårdpersonal som utövar en vård utan stigmatisering samt att utbildning gavs till samtliga kvinnor från vårdpersonalen angående hur HIV smittas och dess medicinering. Slutsats: Stigmatisering från vårdpersonal förekommer bland HIV-positiva kvinnor. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar för att minska stigmatisering genom att utöva en omvårdnad där kvinnorna känner sig lika behandlad och respekterad. Förbättring behövs där vårdpersonal utvecklar sin förståelse av stigmatisering och av hur ett stigmatiserande beteende inom vården kan undvikas.Introduction: 1.2 million people live with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, but with correct interventions a HIV positive pregnant woman can reduce the risk of infecting her baby to below 5 %. Nevertheless, a majority of HIV positive patients experience stigma from healthcare professionals, which can lead to a reduced life quality. Healthcare professionals’ understanding of stigma and knowledge about HIV is necessary in order to develop strategies to reduce this stigma. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate HIV positive women's experience of stigma from healthcare professionals during pregnancy and childbirth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A descriptive study with a qualitative method was used. Seven HIV positive women who had received maternity care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia participated and were chosen through a convenience sample. Structured interview questions were used and data were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Travelbeés theory of care and cognitive model of AIDS-related stigmatization were used as theoretical framework. Results: Three categories were identified in this study: Negative reactions from health care professionals, Non-presence of stigma and Education from healthcare professionals. The majority of the participants had experienced an event of HIV- related stigma from healthcare professionals. These HIV positive women felt as if they were treated differently because of their diagnosis and they experienced the professionals’ fear of becoming infected. However some of the HIV positive women who were interviewed felt they had also experienced situations where no stigmatization was shown by healthcare professionals. All the woman who were interviewed had received information about the HIV virus, how it´s spread and what medication is used as treatment. Conclusion: Stigma from healthcare professionals among HIV positive woman exists. Health care professionals have a responsibility to reduce stigma by providing care that gives women the sense of being equally treated and respected. Improvements are needed in the education of healthcare professionals so that they can develop an understanding of stigma as well as an understanding of how their own stigmatizing behavior can be reduced when caring for HIV positive women.
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Sjöholm, Margareta. "Accumulation of poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and mercury in fish tissue from Lake Tana, Ethiopia : Evaluation of human exposure due to increased fish consumption." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264932.
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Both poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and mercury (Hg) are persistent bioaccumulative, and toxic substances (PBTs) of great concern due to their health effects on humans. These pollutants are ubiquitously occurring in the global aquatic environment and dietary intake of fish is the major exposure pathway for humans. PFASs and Hg are widely studied in the temperate zones, but little is known from the tropical aquatic systems in Africa. Lake Tana, Ethiopia, is of high ecological value and predicted to increase its fish production and export during following years, but knowledge of human health effects due to bioaccumulated pollutants loading from this lake is lacking. The objective of this study was therefore to compare Hg and PFAS concentrations between sites and species, evaluate accumulation patterns and assess the human health risk with increased fish consumption. During October 2014, a total of 97 fish specimens from five species (Labeobarbus megastoma, Labeobarbus gorguari, Labeobarbus intermedius, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus) were collected from seven sites in Lake Tana. The fish was dissected in Bahir Dar, where a muscle sample was taken from the dorsal line, and later analyzed at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. To determine differences and correlations between sites and species as well as for Hg and PFASs, statistical analyses were conducted and to determine the health risks in increased fish consumption a hazard ratio (HR) was calculated for both substances. The results showed several similarities between Hg and PFASs, including higher concentrations in piscivorous fish species (L. megastoma and L. gorguari) than non-piscivorous and also spatial distribution similarities. Hg concentrations ranged from 0-639 ng g-1 wet weight (ww) with an overall mean of 137 ng g-1 ww for all species. Seven PFASs were detected (PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTeDA, PFBS, PFOS), and the ∑PFSA concentrations ranged from non-detected to 3.61 ng g-1 ww. PFDA was found in all sites and species, compared to PFOS, which only was found in piscivorous species in elevated levels. The positive correlation between Hg and PFOS imply that these substances have similar accumulation patterns. The HRs showed that increased fish consumption is harmless to the Ethiopian population regarding PFAS and Hg contamination. Varied fish consumption is of importance though since several individuals from the piscivorous species contained Hg concentrations exceeding the WHO marketing limit of 0.5 μg g-1 (500 ng g-1).Både poly- och perfluoralkylerade ämnen (PFASer) och kvicksilver (Hg) är persistenta, bioackumulerande och toxiska (PBT) ämnen som kan utgöra stor hälsorisk för människor. PFASer och Hg förekommer globalt i den akvatiska miljön och den mest betydande källan för mänsklig exponering av dessa ämnen är fiskkonsumtion. Studier av PFASer och Hg är vanligt förekommande i de tempererade zonerna, men väldigt lite är känt från de tropiska akvatiska systemen i Afrika. Lake Tana, Etiopiens största sjö, har stort ekologiskt värde och fiskproduktion och export från sjön förutspås öka under kommande år. Däremot saknas kunskap om hur denna föroreningsbelastning med ökat fiskintag kommer påverka befolkningen i landet. Syftet med denna studie var därför att jämföra Hg- och PFAS-koncentrationer mellan områden och arter, utvärdera ackumuleringsmönster och bedöma hälsoriskerna med ökad fiskkonsumtion i landet. Under oktober 2014 samlades totalt 97 individer in från fem arter (Labeobarbus megastoma, Labeobarbus gorguari, Labeobarbus intermedius, Oreochromis niloticus och Clarias gariepinus) och från sju olika platser i Lake Tana. Dissektionen utfördes i Bahir Dar (där muskelprover togs från dorsala rygglinjen) och sedan fördes proverna till Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) för analys. För att bestämma skillnader och korrelationer mellan områden och arter, samt mellan Hg och olika PFASer, utfördes statistiska analyser och för att utvärdera hälsorisken av en ökad fiskkonsumtion beräknades riskfaktorer för båda ämnena. Resultaten påvisade flertalet likheter mellan Hg och PFASer, bland annat högre koncentrationer i piskivora fiskarter (L. megastoma and L. gorguari) än icke-piskivora och även likheter i koncentrationer mellan provområdena. Hg-koncentrationerna varierade mellan 0-639 ng g-1 våtvikt (vv), med ett medel på 137 ng g-1 vv för alla arter. Sju PFASer detekterades i analysen (PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTeDA, PFBS, PFOS), där ∑PFSA koncentrationerna varierade mellan icke-detekterbara till 3,6 ng g-1 vv. PFDA förekom i alla arter och områden, medan PFOS bara fanns i förhöjda värden i piskivora arter. Den funna positiva korrelationen mellan PFOS och Hg antyder att dessa ämnen har liknande ackumulationsmönster. De beräknade riskfaktorerna visade att en fiskkonsumtions-ökning inte skulle utgöra en risk för den etiopiska befolkningen med avseende på Hg- och PFAS-halter. En varierad fiskkonsumtion är dock av stor vikt eftersom flertalet individer från de piskivora arterna innehöll högre Hg-koncentrationer än den av WHO rekommenderade gränsen på 0,5 μg g-1 vv.
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Larsson, Anna. "The Effect of Agricultural Intensification on Nitrate Concentrations in Shallow Groundwater in Two Watersheds in Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388416.
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Sustainable intensification of agricultural will be crucial in the future to feed a growing population and address ongoing climate changes. Ethiopia is still dominated by traditional agricultural practices and the population is expected to increase from todays 110 million to 174 million in 2050, making sustainable implementations of intensified agricultural methods crucial. In this study, two watersheds with differences in agricultural intensification and geophysical attributes in Amhara region, north western Ethiopia, are evaluated based on nitrogen content in wells. An attempt to explain the differences in contamination levels of nitrate between the two watersheds are done by examining the usage of fertilisers, amount of livestock and irrigation habits as well as topography. The result showed that the less intensified watershed exceeded the WHO guidelines for nitrate more frequently than the more intensified watershed. Temporal patterns in contamination levels in specific wells could be seen in both watersheds, where the WHO guidelines being most frequently exceeded in July and September versus July and November for the watersheds respectively. No significant correlations between nitrate concentration and explaining parameters were detected in any of the watersheds. The methods used in this paper could not explain the variations in contamination levels. The results imply that the nitrate responses are very site-specific. Evaluations including more precise details on crop management and subsurface flow patterns as well as on other factors influencing contamination levels in wells, such as distance to household and cattle, are needed in further investigations as agriculture continues to intensifyEn hållbar utveckling av jordbruket kommer att vara avgörande för att föda en växande befolkning och möta pågående klimatförändringar. I Etiopien domineras jordbruket av traditionella metoder och befolkningen i landet förväntas öka från dagens 110 miljoner till 174 miljoner år 2050, vilket medför att hållbara lösningar gällande bevattning och gödslingsanvändning blir viktiga. Två avrinningsområden med olika karaktär gällnade intensifiering av jordbruk och topografi i Amhara-regionen i nordvästra Etiopien utvärderas utifrån kvävekoncentrationer i brunnar. Ett försök att förklara kvävekoncentrationer görs genom att utvärdera användningen av gödslingsmedel, mängd boskap och bevattningsvanor. Resultatet visade att det mindre intensifierade avrinningsområdet överskred WHO:s riktlinjer vid fler tillfällen än den mer intensifierade. Temporala skillnader i föroreningsnivåer kunde ses i specifika brunnar i båda avrinningsområdena, där WHO:s riktlinjer överskreds mest frekvent i juli och september respektive juli och november. Inga signifikanta korrelationer mellan nitratkoncentration och förklarande faktorer påvisades i någon av avrinningsområdena. Metoden som användes i studien kunde inte förklara de variationer som förekom i brunnarnas kontamineringsnivåer. Resultaten indikerar dock att orsakerna är platsspecifika och studier baserade på mer detaljerade data om odlingsätt och markvattenflöden samt andra påverkande faktorer, såsom avstånd till hushåll och boskap behöver göras då intensifieringen av jordbruket fortskrider.
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Massa, Aurora. "Vivere l'incertezza. Confini eterogenei e mobilità plurime tra i rifugiati eritrei e rimpatriati etiopi a Mekekke (Etiopia)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/62430.
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Ali, Fatma. "Eritreaner och etiopier i Kairo." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-353.
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Stamenkovic, Aleksandar, and Alfred Dahlin. "Mediebildt : En kritisk diskursanalys av Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladets rapportering om Carl Bildt kring fallet etiopiensvenskarna." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-195495.
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Det som studeras i denna undersökning är hur morgontidningarna Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet beskrev utrikesminister Carl Bildt kopplat till de fängslade journalisterna Martin Schibbye och Johan Persson. Syftet med undersökningen är att identifiera morgontidningarnas diskurs om Carl Bildt i de olika faserna av rapporteringen kring de fängslade svenskarna journalisterna Martin Schibbye och Johan Persson. Detta kommer att undersökas via en kritisk diskursanalys där vi kronologiskt går igenom morgontidningarnas rapportering av Bildt kopplat till Schibbye och Persson från att de fängslades till tiden efter då de var fria. Som delsyfte vill vi granska och diskutera de resultat vi kommer fram till i diskursanalysen. Detta görs för att kunna presentera och kartlägga hur de eventuellt olika diskurserna skiljer sig. Utifrån syftet och delsyftet kommer vi undersöka följande frågeställningar: Hur såg den dominerande bilden och rapporteringen om Bildt ut före respektive efter journalisternas frigivning? Samt: Skiljde sig morgontidningarnas rapportering om Bildt före respektive journalisternas frigivning, i så fall hur?Det vi kom fram till i undersökningen var att diskursen om Bildt vände i samma stund som förutsättningarna för Schibbye och Persson vände då de frigavs. Diskursen gick från negativ till positiv när fakta om Bildt och hans insats kunde utvärderas i retrospekt. Vår huvudsakliga slutsats är att Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet i detta fall fokuserade mer på det sensationella och skandalösa nyheterna om Bildt, snarare än att vara en neutral och objektiv informationskälla.This study is covering the reports on the Swedish minister of foreign affairs Carl Bildt in the Swedish morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet regarding the imprisoned journalists Martin Schibbye and Johan Persson. The purpose with this thesis is to identify the discourse in these two morning newspapers about Carl Bildt in the different phases of the reports regarding the journalists Martin Schibbye and Johan Persson. This will be studied throughout a critical discourse analysis. We will cover the reports in chronological order from the date the journalists were caught to when they were free. An extension of the purpose in this study is to inspect and discuss our results. This will be done in order to see and clarify how the discourse found in the results is different from each other. This purpose is leading us to the questions: What was the dominant picture in the reporting about Carl Bildt in the different phases of the case with the imprisoned journalists? And: Did the reporting on Bildt differ from the phase before the journalists release to the phase after the release, in that case how?The main result of this study is that the discourse regarding Bildt changed the same time the conditions of Schibbye and Persson changed. The discourse went from negative to positive when facts about Bildt and his mission came to light. Our main conclusion is that these two morning newspapers in this case was focusing on the sensational and scandalous news about Bildt rather than being a neutral and objective source of information.
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Svobodová, Kateřina. "Význam obcodu s kávou pro ekonomický rozvoj Etiopie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-7906.
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This diploma thesis deals with the development of world coffee market and impacts for economic development of Ethiopia. First part is focused on characteristics of and trends in the world coffee market in terms of cultivation demands, world production, exports and domestic consumption in coffee growing regions. The analysis of world coffee prices, consequences and potential solutions of the global coffee crisis builds the core of the first part. The second part continues with analysis of economic development and economic structure of Ethiopia, from which follows the enormous economic importance of coffee for this poor country. Further, the coffe market and its developments is characterized - as far as produced and exported volume and prices paid to producers in the country are concerned. In conclusion of the second part the implications of Ethiopian development strategies into coffee sector are examined.
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Viksten, Jeff. "Effects on Groundwater Composition by the Koga Irrigation Scheme." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-293425.
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Access to clean drinking water is one of the most important resources for any society and its citizens. Without access to clean drinking water, health and living quality will be affected when pathogens will make people ill.In arid countries such as Ethiopia with seasonal drought, efforts to manage the water resources to last longer can be made by constructing dams and artificial irrigation systems. One example of this is the Koga dam in the Merawi region where a dam has been constructed to provide water for artificial irrigation. By irrigating an area one changes the hydrological conditions which might change the chemical composition of groundwater.This report aims to try and collect data that support the theory of the hydrological conductivity between irrigation water and groundwater in the area. Samples of groundwater and surface water was collected and compared to see if any conclu-sions supporting this theory could be made. Also general drinking water parameters were included such as presence of biological pathogens. The number of samples collected is on its own not enough to draw conclusions from but when combined with previous field work in the area and studying literature it supports the assumption of irrigation affecting the groundwater composition.Tillgång till rent dricksvatten är en av de viktigaste resurserna för samhället såväl som varje enskild människa. Utan tillgång till rent dricksvatten kan hälsa och livs-kvalitet komma att påverkas av vattenburna patogener.I torra länder som Etiopien med periodisk torka har man gjort insatser för att hushålla med vattnet utöver regnperioderna. Ett exempel på detta är Kogadammen i Merawi, där en fördämning har konstruerats för att förse ett område med konst-bevattning. Genom bevattning ett område ändrar man de hydrologiska förhållanden som råder vilket gör att grundvattnets sammansättning kan komma att ändras.Denna rapport syftar till att försöka samla in data som stödjer teorin att konst-bevattningen i området påverkar grundvattnets sammansättning. Prover av grund-vatten och ytvatten samlades och jämfördes för att se om några slutsatser kunde dras. Också allmänna dricksvatten parametrar ingick såsom förekomsten av bio-logiska patogener. Antalet prover som tagits är ensamt inte tillräckligt för att dra slutsatser, men när de kombineras med data från tidigare fältarbete i området och litteraturstudier stödjer de antagandet om att konstbevattningen i området påverkar grundvattensammansättningen.
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VALERA, PAOLO. "SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE E RISORSE NATURALI IN ETIOPIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2000. http://thesis2.sba.units.it/store/handle/item/12698.
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Bruno, Elisabetta <1985>. ""I restauri di Sandro Angelini in Etiopia"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10374.
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SANDRO ANGELINI.
“Quando sono davanti a un’opera da restaurare cerco di immedesimarmi con la persona che l’ha fatta. La ricostruisco anche fisicamente nella mia testa, mi interessa di capire se l’edificio è stato costruito a Bergamo o nei dintorni, se la pietra utilizzata è un calcare che proviene dalle cave di Bagnatica o un’arenaria delle cave di Castagneta o di Valderde, se il marmo è di Zandobbio. Cerco di indovinare come il muratore ha proceduto alla sua realizzazione, perché ha trattato la pietra in quel modo, perché ha fatto quell’impasto per l’intonaco, quali strumenti ha usato. E così ho sempre fatto, anche nei vari paesi del mondo, per esempio, a Lalibela. Innanzitutto ho cercato di capire il rapporto che l’uomo ha con la cosa, come è il suo fare. E la possibilità che ho di vedere il segno dello strumento usato nell’opera mi deriva dal mio apprendistato ai molti mestieri artigianali, dal gusto del fare e dalla lettura di quella miniera d’insegnamenti pratici […].In tutta la mia attività ho sempre avuto un rapporto fisico, da artigiano, con tutti i materiali. Mi piace lavorare con i materiali più vicini al mio mestiere ma anche con la ceramica, con le stoffe, con il vetro.[…] Quando mi accosto a un materiale cerco di indovinare lo spirito, la natura nascosta.” 1
Così Sandro Angelini raccontava del suo lavoro, da queste poche frasi trapela subito tutta la sua passione.
Grazie a lui e alla sua capacità nel realizzare e seguire progetti di importanza internazionale, alcuni monumenti sono riusciti ad arrivare fino a noi, con il valore fondamentale del concetto sulla priorità del mantenimento dell’autenticità e dell’originale dell’opera, all’avanguardia per quegli anni, oggi imprescindibile per gli addetti al settore.
Nato a Bergamo il 23 marzo del 1915 Sandro Angelini è sicuramente stato una persona poliedrica, dalle mille passioni, una personalità estroversa, una vita spesa per la sua città, una vita per l’arte.
La sua famiglia apparteneva alla borghesia colta e fin dall’infanzia respirò la passione per le arti. 2
LUIGI ANGELINI.
Figura fondamentale per la formazione di Sandro Angelini fu il padre Luigi Angelini (Bergamo 1884 – ivi 1969), ingegnere e architetto, grande amante delle arti e della natura.
1 Forlani Mimma, 1998, pag.23.
2 Simoncini Carlo, 2015, pag.9,10.
Tra il 1909 e il 1911 aveva collaborato con Marcello Piacentini 3 a Roma; dal 1910 al 1968 fu membro della Commissione diocesana d’arte sacra, dal 1911 Ispettore Onorario della Soprintendenza per i monumenti, gallerie e antichità di Bergamo, Luigi Angelini conserverà questo ruolo per tutta la vita.
I suoi numerosi viaggi in Europa gli avevano fatto conoscere il fermento culturale dell’epoca, rimase molto influenzato dalle varie correnti artistiche.
Luigi si occupò di architettura civile e religiosa, con la costruzione di palazzi, nuove chiese, nuove cappelle, ampliamenti di alcune chiese, forte anche il suo interesse verso la conservazione e il restauro, di cui emergeva la sua contrarietà alla distruzione degli elementi antichi.
Bergamo nei primi decenni del novecento era una città in crescita, i suoi lavori furono molto importanti per la progettazione architettonica e urbanistica della città, con Marcello Piacentini collaborò anche alla progettazione e realizzazione del centro moderno di Bergamo.
Era inoltre amante del disegno, produsse tanti disegni di viaggio in cui si nota un forte realismo, riprese palazzi, vedute di città, i suoi disegni sono descrittivi e pieni di particolari.
Pubblicò diversi volumi tra cui l’opera su “L’arte minore bergamasca”.
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Castagnetti, Luisa. "L'arbitrato internazionale fra Stati: il caso Eritrea-Etiopia." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200715.
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La controversia fra Eritrea ed Etiopia. La Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC). La delimitazione e demarcazione del confine. La Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission (EECC). Il procedimento e il risarcimento dei danni.
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Kuzmič, Michal. "Bariéry rozvoje v Etiopii: strukturální podmínky a strategie adaptace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199901.
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The diploma thesis titled Barriers of Development in Ethiopia: Structural Conditions and Strategies for Adaptation is focused on analysis of environmental risk factors and their impact on economic development of Ethiopia. It further evaluates the effectiveness of concrete adaptation measures on both official policy level and community level. The thesis departs from refined version of Jared Diamond's five point framework for analysis of collapse of complex societies. Contemporary scholarly discourse of rapid population growth, deforestation & land degradation and climate variability is formalized into causal schemes and supported by current statistical data. The thesis concludes that adopted measures have had only limited effect on elimination of the respective risk factors. Thus, Ethiopia remains a long-term recipient of foreign humanitarian assistance, without which it would fall into state of economic collapse. To overcome this situation Ethiopia needs to transform its subsistence agricultural production system.
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De, Nicola Gianluca <1986>. "La legge ambientale in Etiopia: profili di diritto comparato." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1979.
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Lo studio svolto affronta una comparazione tra il diritto ambientale in Etiopia e in Italia. E' composto da una parte generale in cui si descrive il contesto dell'Etiopia, l'evoluzione storica del concetto di ambiente e di diritto ambientale, viene fatta un'analisi delle leggi ambientali etiopiche e delle attuali fonti del diritto dell'ambiente e i principi base dell'ordinamento.
Si effettua poi uno studio sui diritti, la protezione e le controversie ambientali, soffermandosi in particolare sui diritti di informazione e qualità ambientale, sugli standard, licenze e permessi, regolazioni e sui reati ambientali, e si effettua una prima comparazione con la situazione in Italia.
Successivamente si presenta uno studio delle azioni giudiziarie e delle applicazioni, sottolineandone gli aspetti sulla legge costituzionale ed amministrativa, sulla responsabilità civile e penale e sull'applicazione delle disposizioni giudiziarie, effettuando poi una comparazione con l'ordinamento italiano.
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Raposo, Maria Antonieta Gomes. "A invasão da Etiopia em 1935 : vista pela diplomacia portuguesa /." Lisboa : Colibri, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39962871m.
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Stiborová, Adéla. "Nové formy rozvojové spolupráce: Případová studie české rozvojové spolupráce v Etiopii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149948.
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This diploma thesis deals with current trends in development co-operation. It defines what we now understand under the term new forms of development co-operation. The aim is to explore if Czech Republic use these new forms of development co-operation. The aim will be reached through the case study of Czech Official Development Cooperation in Ethiopia, one of the priority countries of Czech Official Development Assistance.
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Andersson, Sophia, and Elin Gustavsson. "Upplevelser av icke-farmakologiska metoder använda i läkningsprocessen:Perspektiv från lokala sjuksköterskor som arbetar med obstetriska fistlar i Etiopen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67846.
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Picchi, Daniela. "Il conflitto tra Etiopi ed Assiri nell'Egitto della XXV dinastia /." Imola : la Mandragora, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39247127s.
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Habtemichael-Kidane. "L'ufficio divino della Chiesa etiopica : studio storico-critico con particolare riferimento alle ore cattedrali /." Roma : Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389316921.
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SAVO, Andrea. "Studio petrologico e geochimico delle vulcaniti della porzione centro-orientale del Plateau Nord-Etiopico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388877.
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Geochemical and petrological data indicate that the 30 Ma Northern Ethiopian continental flood basalts and picrites were generated in connection with the “Afar plume”. Previous studies (Beccaluva et al., 2009) show that: a) Basaltic lavas appear zonally arranged with Low-Ti tholeiites (LT) in the north-west, High-Ti tholeiites (HT1) to the south-east and Very High-Ti transitional basalts and picrites (HT2, TiO2 = 4% – 6,5%) closer to the Afar triple junction; b) the P-T conditions of magma generation increased from 1,3GPa/1200°C to 3GPa/1500°C from West to the East; that is, from the outer zone (LT) to the core of plume head where HT2 ultra-titaniferous picrites were generated. Further sampling has been carried out in the inferred plume axial zone (Lalibela Area) focusing on picritic lavas, as well in the Yemenite counterpart where analogous HT2 products (including picrites) are recorded in Manakhah section. The observed parageneses dominated by olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts, within a groundmass containing clinopyroxene, plagioclase, Fe-Ti oxides, alkali feldspar, phlogopite and apatite are consistent with the transitional character of these lavas and their overall enrichment in the most incompatible elements and fractionated REE patterns. New isotopic data carried out at the IGG-CNR Institute of Pisa and at the SUERC Institute of East Kilbride (Glasgow – Scotland UK) integrated with those available in the literature (Pik et al., 1999) show correlations between TiO2 (and other incompatible elements) and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic signatures, thus defining the isotopic fingerprint of the plume-related metasomatic agents. These metasomatic agents can be envisaged as alkali-silicate melts that integrate various geochemical components (e.g. Titanium and related High Field Strength Elements, Low Field Strength Elements, Light Rare Earth Elements, H2O) scavenged and pooled along the plume axis, and derived from heterogeneous mantle materials mixed during the plume rise. The Ethiopian-Yemenite CFBs are generated from distinct mantle sources, variously metasomatized as a function of depth and position compared to the Afar Plume; so the LT sources (the less metasomatized) are located in marginal areas of the plume where the thermal anomaly is lower, while the HT1 and HT2 sources are the most metasomatized and placed in a position of the plume that is hotter and deeper related to high thermal and geochemical anomalies; in particular the deepest sources of HT2 basalts and picrites are the most metasomatically enriched as they arise in the axial zone
of the deep mantle plume and in the core of the plume head which is the most geochemically enriched part where the highest thermal anomaly exceeds 300°C with respect to the ambient mantle (T = 1400-1500°C). The HT2 picritic melts are the most enriched CFBs by the plume component. Their formation is related to complex mechanisms of genesis, including polybaric fractionation processes and flow-differentiation processes during the ascent to the surface. The plume isotopic fingerprint deviates from the “main mantle reservoirs” that characterize typical enriched mantle sources (EMI, EMII and HIMU), though the CFBs isotopic composition shows affinity with the HIMU and EMII end-members, with a significant incidence of EMI component, especially for lead isotopic signature. The peculiar radiogenic signatures of Afar Plume-related CFBs are characterized by 87Sr/86Sr ratio variable by 0,7032 to 0,7047, 143Nd/144Nd ratio among 0,5128 and 0,5131; finally 206Pb/204Pb isotopic ratio is changing by 18,2 and 19,4. The “plume signature” is particularly evidenced by significantly high 3He/4He ratio (low radiogenic signature with R/Ra up to “19”) measured in fluid inclusions of olivine crystals that allow to hypotesize very deep not degassed and volatile-enriched mantle components as “plume-source”. Petrological modeling indicates that the resulting metasomatized mantle sources were characterized by hydrous, iron-titanium-alkali rich exotic parageneses including amphibole, phlogopite, apatite and Ti-bearing minerals such as ilmenite. A debate is still open on the ultimate origin of the metasomatic Fe-Ti rich fluids, in turn related to the depth of the plume convective cell. A direct core contribution is not plausible and most Authors favor long-term mechanism of Oceanic Crust (Fe-Ti basalts/gabbros and their metamorphic equivalent, i.e. eclogites) recycling deep in the mantle via ancient (possibly Proterozoic) subductions (Sobolev et al., 2007). In addition, the oxygen isotopic fingerprint anomalously high for primary magmas derived by deep mantle sources (δ18O up to 6,9), also pointed to consider a recycling process of subducted oceanic lithosphere during ancient subductions (i.e. high radiogenic Sr in HT2 basalts and picrites). Accordingly, the uprising plume could have remobilized domains from the Mantle Transition Zone which may include relicts of older subducted slabs. Within these remobilized domains, characterized by the coexistence of peridotite and eclogite, referred to as a “piclogite” association, the eclogites melt preferentially generating Fe-Ti rich melts that infiltrate and metasomatize the shallower lithospheric mantle (Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle – SCLM).
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Cioffi, Manuela <1978>. "Variabilità del genoma mitocondriale in una popolazione Omotica nella regione Dawro, Etiopia sud-occidentale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2852/1/cioffi_manuela_tesi.pdf.
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Cioffi, Manuela <1978>. "Variabilità del genoma mitocondriale in una popolazione Omotica nella regione Dawro, Etiopia sud-occidentale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2852/.
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Peveri, Valentina <1978>. "Pratiche di genere: forme di socialità e riproduzione fra le donne Hadiya (Etiopia centro-meridionale)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/254/1/Tesi_Dottorato_VPeveri.pdf.
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Peveri, Valentina <1978>. "Pratiche di genere: forme di socialità e riproduzione fra le donne Hadiya (Etiopia centro-meridionale)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/254/.
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Koreňová, Martina. "Zvláštnosti podnikateľského prostredia Etiópie a možnosti rozšírenia spolupráce s ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76095.
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This thesis gives an analysis of the entrepreneurial environment in Ethiopia and its particularities. It is assigned especially for prospective czech investors and entrepreneurs having interest in entering the ethiopian market. Except the evaluation of the current state of the entrepreneurial environment, which is done by using the PEST analysis, the thesis also defines current relations between Ethiopia and Czech Republic and brings potentials of expanding the bilateral cooperation.
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Tůma, Jakub. "Potenciál destinačního managementu ve vybraných zemích Subsaharské Afriky pro zlepšení postavení místního obyvatelstva: implikace pro Etiopii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75631.
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Destination management became the key to a successful development of tourism sector in the last decades. Its role is not only in enhancing the competitiveness of the country's tourism sector on the international market but also in maximazing the net benefits from tourism for the host country. These tasks are exceptionaly important in developing countries. These countries often have unique potential in the presence of tourism atractivities but lack the so needed resources for exploiting this potential. Low level of socio/economic and technological development further limits the market opportunities of developing countries. A natural part of the tourism sector is the local population. However, local inhabitants are often reduced to a tourist atraction and thus do not gain profits from tourism in their region. On the other hand, local people bear substantial costs induced by tourism activities. To avoid this situation, the destination management should seek for more equal participation of local inhabitants in the tourism sector. This thesis will conduct an analysis of destination management in three relatively successful countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa region: Kenya, Ghana and the Republic of South Africa. The tested hypothesis is that destination management has the power to actively affect the situation of local inhabitants with regard to tourism activities in their region. The analysis is conducted in two ways. First, the programming documents of responsible tourism authorities will be compared to the actual activities of this authorities. Second, the conducted activities will be contrasted with the curent situation and problems of the particular countries. The results will then be applied on Ethiopia which is one of the least developed countries in the world but has one of the biggest tourism potentials in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.
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NEGASI, MENGESHA YAYO. "Dynamics of Inequality, and Impact of Social Protection Program on Wellbeing of Children In Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241281.
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Questa tesi include due capitoli. Il primo capitolo riguarda le disuguaglianze di denutrizione infantile in Etiopia usando la prospettiva longitudinale. In tutti gli approcci di calcolo dell'indice di concentrazione e le variabili di posizionamento dello status socioeconomico (SES), gli indici di concentrazione sono significativi con valore negativo. Ciò implica che in entrambe le stime di disuguaglianza di breve o di lungo periodo, l'onere della distribuzione iniqua della sottonutrizione rimane sui poveri con una differenza significativa tra le regioni. Per quanto riguarda la dinamica delle disuguaglianze, i risultati sugli indici di mobilità sono calcolati sulla base di Allanson et al. L'approccio (2010) mostra che la disuguaglianza rimane stabile (persistenza della disuguaglianza) nel punteggio Z di altezza, e la riduzione della disuguaglianza nel punteggio Z di peso in età, mentre nel caso del punteggio Z di peso per altezza, non c'è una chiara tendenza sulle successive ondate. Mentre il secondo capitolo indaga l'impatto diretto del programma di protezione sociale sulle misure antropometriche a lungo termine dello stato nutrizionale e gli effetti indiretti sul rendimento scolastico. Il nostro progetto di ricerca combina le differenze di intensità del programma tra le regioni con le differenze tra le coorti indotte dai tempi del programma. Le stime relative alla differenza nella differenza suggeriscono che l'esposizione della prima infanzia al programma porta ad un migliore stato nutrizionale e quindi ad un maggiore accumulo di capitale umano. I risultati sono solidi per diverse misure di intensità del programma, campioni di stima, modelli empirici e alcuni test di placebo.This thesis includes two chapters. The first chapter deals with child undernutrition inequalities in Ethiopia using longitudinal perspective. In all concentration index computing approaches and Socioeconomic Status (SES) ranking variables, the concentration indices are significant with negative value. This implies that in either of short-run or long-run inequality estimates, the burden of unequal distribution of undernutrition remains on the poor with significant difference across regions. With respect to dynamics of inequalities, results on mobility indices computed based on Allanson et al. (2010) approach show that inequality remain stable (persistence of inequality) in Height-for- age Z-score, and reduction of inequality in Weight-for- age Z-score while in case of Weight-for- height Z-score, there is no clear trend over subsequent waves. While the second chapter investigates the direct impact of social protection program on long-term anthropometric measures of nutritional status and the indirect effects on educational attainment. Our research design combines differences in program intensity across regions with differences across cohorts induced by the timing of the program. Difference-in-difference estimates suggest that early childhood exposure to the program leads to better nutritional status and hence higher human capital accumulation. Results are robust to different measures of program intensity, estimation samples, empirical models and some placebo tests.
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Desta, Dolisso Daniel. "Attitudes toward disability and the role of community based rehabilitation programs in Ethiopia /." Joensuu : University of Joensuu, 2000. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31388.
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SGUALDO, Paolo. "Caratterizzazione petrologico-geochimica del mantello litosferico della provincia etiopico-yemenita: gli xenoliti di Bir Ali (Yemen) e confronti regionali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388973.
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Miženková, Lucia. "Konflikty v Somálsku, Etiópii a Eritrei po 2. svetovej vojne." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114277.
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The work is concerned with political problems in the Horn of Africa region (Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea). It is focused on the course of politics, analysis and future development of both regional and mutual conflicts. First part provides general characteristics of the region as the whole. Next parts deals in detail with each state separetely. There is also given special space to the Ethiopia-Eritrea and Somalia-Ethiopia conflicts.
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Parisi, Francesco. "Studio dei lepidotteri della sottofamiglia Geometrinae raccolti in Etiopia. Relazioni tra coleotterofauna saproxilica, struttura forestale e legno morto nei microhabitat di Abeti Soprani." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/66288.
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Relationships of saproxylic beetles with forest structure, deadwood and microhabitats in the Abeti Soprani wood.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence that the structure of the forest, the features of the deadwood and the microhabitats have on abundance, distribution and diversity of the saproxylic beetles in a forest ecosystem. The activities were carried out in the fir forest “Abeti Soprani”, located in the territory of the Molise region, Italy.
Fifty areas were selected in a wooded area of 230 hectares, using two sampling methods: windows fly trap for insects in flight and eclectors for insects inside the deadwood. In each sampling area, the forest structure, the components of deadwood and the presence of microhabitats were quantified and described.
The relationship between the structural forest parameters and the beetles was analyzed. Moreover, geostatistical analysis was conducted to highlight the spatial pattern of the examined parameters and the distribution of the monitored fauna.
The results confirmed various relationships of insects with forest structure, deadwood and microhabitats. In particular, the following associations were more frequently observed: living plant mass (m³\ha) with the number of species, saproxylic species, Elateridae, Cerambycidae and Curculionidae; snags (trees\ha) with the number of specimens, families and Staphylinidae; microhabitats on deadwood with the number of families, Staphylinidae and Cerambycidae.Relazioni tra coleotterofauna saproxilica, struttura forestale e legno morto nei microhabitat di Abeti Soprani. L’obiettivo del presente studio è stato valutare l’influenza che la struttura del bosco, le caratteristiche del legno morto e i microhabitat esercitano su abbondanza, distribuzione e diversità della coleotterofauna saproxilica in un ecosistema forestale. Le attività sono state realizzate presso l’abetina di “Abeti Soprani”, localizzata nel territorio dell’Alto Molise. Il monitoraggio è stato condotto su un’area boschiva di 230 ettari, in 50 punti di campionamento, utilizzando due metodi di cattura: trappole a finestra per gli insetti in volo ed eclettori per gli insetti presenti all’interno del legno. Per le stesse aree di campionamento è stata quantificata e descritta la struttura forestale, le componenti di necromassa e la presenza di microhabitat. Si sono analizzate le relazioni tra i parametri strutturali forestali e la coleotterofauna del luogo. Inoltre, specifiche analisi geostatistiche sono state condotte per evidenziare la variabilità spaziale dei parametri esaminati e la distribuzione dell’entomofauna monitorata. I risultati ottenuti hanno confermato l’esistenza di correlazioni significative tra insetti, componente forestale e tipologia di microhabitat. In particolare, le seguenti associazioni sono risultate più ricorrenti: massa viva (m³\ettaro) con il numero di specie, le specie saproxiliche, Elateridae, Cerambycidae e Curculionidae; alberi troncati in piedi (alberi\ettaro) con il numero di individui, di famiglie e Staphylinidae; microhabitat su legno morto con il numero di famiglie, gli Staphylinidae e i Cerambycidae.
Studies on the Lepidoptera of the subfamily Geometrinae collected in Ethiopia. The purpose of the research was to study the geometrid moths collected in several scientific expeditions carried out between 2009 and 2012 in Ethiopia, with the collaboration of Afrotropical fauna entomologists based at the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (Germany). In addition to the material collected by the University of Molise, specimens in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München collections were included in the research. Among the Geometridae, in particular, investigations focused within the subfamily Geometrinae, tribes Pseudoterpnini, Comibaenini and Hemistolini. Six species belonging to the tribe Pseudoterpnini and two species belonging to the tribe Comibaenini, one described as new: Comibaena theodori sp.n., were found. In the tribe Hemistolini, the genus Prasinocyma was investigated. Seventeen species and five subspecies were described as new to science: Prasinocyma pedicata aethiopica subsp. n., Prasinocyma angolica pseudopedicata subsp. n., Prasinocyma stefani sp. n., Prasinocyma omoensis sp. n., Prasinocyma getachewi sp. n., Prasinocyma baumgaertneri sp. n., Prasinocyma shoah yabellensis subsp. n., Prasinocyma amharensis sp. n., Prasinocyma batesi distans subsp. n., Prasinocyma monikae sp. n., Prasinocyma fusca sp. n., Prasinocyma leveneorum sp. n., Prasinocyma aquamarina sp. n., Prasinocyma beryllaria sp. n., Prasinocyma lutulenta sp. n., Prasinocyma septentrionalis sp. n., Prasinocyma fallax sp. n., Prasinocyma trematerrai sp. n., Prasinocyma trematerrai simienensis subsp. n., Prasinocyma androzeugmoides sp. n., Prasinocyma angulifera sp. n., and Prasinocyma maryamensis sp. n. The results of the research allowed expanding knowledge on Afrotropical lepidopterofauna and to identify and describe new taxa, many of them Ethiopian endemism.
Studio dei Lepidotteri della sottofamiglia Geometrinae raccolti in Etiopia. Lo scopo della ricerca è stato studiare i lepidotteri Geometridae raccolti in varie spedizioni effettuate in Etiopia, tra il 2009 e il 2012; le attività si sono svolte anche con la collaborazione di entomologi specialisti della fauna Afrotropicale presenti nello Zoologische Staatssammlung München (Germania). Oltre al materiale tenuto presso il Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti dell’Università degli Studi del Molise, sono stati osservati anche i lepidotteri presenti nelle collezioni del museo tedesco. In particolare, si è scelto di prendere in considerazione, nell’ambito della sottofamiglia Geometrinae, le tribù Pseudoterpnini, Comibaenini e Hemistolini. Sei specie sono risultate appartenere alla tribù Pseudoterpnini e due alla tribù Comibaenini, di cui una è stata descritta come nuova: Comibaena theodori sp.n. Per la tribù Hemistolini si è indagato il genere Prasinocyma. In tale ambito diciassette specie e cinque sottospecie sono state descritte come nuova per la scienza: Prasinocyma pedicata aethiopica subsp. n., Prasinocyma angolica pseudopedicata subsp. n., Prasinocyma stefani sp. n., Prasinocyma omoensis sp. n., Prasinocyma getachewi sp. n., Prasinocyma baumgaertneri sp. n., Prasinocyma shoa yabellensis subsp. n., Prasinocyma amharensis sp. n., Prasinocyma batesi distans subsp. n., Prasinocyma monikae sp. n., Prasinocyma fusca sp. n., Prasinocyma leveneorum sp. n., Prasinocyma aquamarina sp. n., Prasinocyma beryllaria sp. n., Prasinocyma lutulenta sp. n., Prasinocyma septentrionalis sp. n., Prasinocyma fallax sp. n., Prasinocyma trematerrai sp. n., Prasinocyma trematerrai simienensis subsp. n., Prasinocyma androzeugmoides sp. n., Prasinocyma angulifera sp. n. e Prasinocyma maryamensis sp. n. I risultati scaturiti delle presenti ricerche hanno permesso di ampliare le conoscenze faunistiche sulla lepidotterofauna afrotropicale e di individuare e descrivere nuovi taxa.
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ADDIS, ANNALISA. "Linking humanitarian and development action in Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266840.
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The purpose of this doctoral research has been to analyse the integration of
humanitarian and development action during the 2011-12 food crisis in Ethiopia.
Historically, the two types of action have evolved as two different, yet intertwined,
domains, with separate objectives and guiding principles. Yet, particularly since the
1990s, there have been debates on how to better integrate them, in consideration of the
fact that they often operate in the same context, as was the case in the Ethiopian casestudy.
Following a neo-institutionalist approach, this study has analysed what hinders
the bridging of the humanitarian-development divide, and what supports it, by
analysing the interplay of institutional forces in the regulative, normative, and culturalcognitive
domains in the Ethiopian case.
Grounded in critical realism and in neo-institutional theory, this research has adopted
a novel theoretical approach to the issue of linking humanitarian and development
action, and has been based on original empirical material. A key finding of this study is
that, in the context of Ethiopia, integrating the two modes of action is possible and
even encouraged at some levels, despite a broader funding architecture that hinders
such linkages. By shedding light on practices of humanitarian relief and development
in Ethiopia, this study contributes to scholarship in the broader fields of International
Development and African Studies.
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Carvalho, Daniel Duarte Flora [UNESP]. "Conflitos no chifre da África: oportunidades e constrangimentos da difusão do poder." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96013.
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Este trabalho aborda as oportunidades e constrangimentos da difusão do poder na África para, a partir de então, investigar as causas das guerras no Chifre da África. O padrão de difusão de poder sobre as populações, os múltiplos centros de poder existentes em um Estado, os mais variados graus de estatalidade e as ações dos diversos atores estatais e não-estatais são determinantes para a eclosão ou não de conflitos na África. Uma vez identificado este mesmo padrão no Chifre da África que, por apresentar uma longa tradição de estatalidade e um grande senso westfaliano, é visto, erroneamente, como uma exceção à regra africana, pretende-se então verificar quais as causas das guerras nesta região. O presente estudo aborda então a guerra entre a Etiópia e a Eritréia e a constituição do Estado etíope e verifica que não só o Chifre da África está inserido no padrão de difusão de poder sobre as populações que é comum à África Subsaariana como identifica neste ponto as causas das guerras de tal região
This study considers the opportunities and constraints of broadcasting power in Africa to investigate the causes of the wars in the Horn of Africa. The power broadcast over population pattern, the multiples centres of power and the actions of the many state and non-state actors are determinants to the outbreak or not of conflicts in Africa. Once this pattern is identified in the Horn of Africa which, by its long tradition of statehood and its great Westphalian sense, is mistakenly seen as an exception to the African model, we look forward to verify what the war reasons in this region are. This study then makes an approach on the war between Ethiopia and Eritrea and the very constitution of the Ethiopian state and concludes that not only the Horn of Africa is inserted in the pattern of broadcasting power on populations, which is common to the Sub Saharan Africa, and that such a pattern is the cause of wars in that region
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MANCOSU, GIANMARCO. "La Luce per l’impero. I cinegiornali sull’Africa Orientale Italiana 1935-1942." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266835.
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In my PhD dissertation I try to answer to the question on how the Fascist regime in Italy
represented its empire through the “Istituto Luce” newsreels, between the 1935 and 1942. Given the
lack of a comprehensive work on the above mentioned subject, I’ve investigated on how
cinematographic representations could shape or redefine the process of identity building during the
“Ventennio”.
In order to achieve a broad theoretical frame, in the first chapter I’ve analysed the roots of
the Italian fascist’s culture. The discourse as conceived by Michel Foucault is a key concept to
investigate about the relationship between power, knowledge and culture. I’ve used two theoretical
evolutions of the Foucault’s discourse, namely the visual discourse and the Orientalist theory. In so
doing I’ll be able to apply the concept in order to study the visual products about colonialism. Then
I’ve investigated about the history of Italian colonialism, focusing on both the invasion of Ethiopia
in 1935 and the reasons of the delay that characterized the early studies on the topic.
In the chapter two I’ve specified a methodological frame to understand the relationship
between Fascism and Italian masses through the newest mass media such as cinema and radio
broadcast; as a result I underline several concept of modernity which found place within the cultural
space of Fascism. The reconstruction of the “manufacture of consent” allows me a first examination
about the role of the “Istituto Luce” within the Fascist regime.
New archival records give me the possibility to a meticulous reconstruction of the activity of
the Istituto Luce during the Ethiopia’s war. Chapter three is about the “Reparto fotocinematografico
Africa Orientale dell’Istituto Luce” (RAO), which factually made imperial newsreels. Related to the
activity of the RAO, other two original aspects have been analysed: the activity of the “Ufficio
Stampa e Propaganda Africa Orientale” which had to coordinate the whole info-propagandistic
activity between Africa and Italy; then I’ve focused my attention on the diffusion of the cinema in
the “Africa Orientale Italiana” as a tool to reinforce racial borders between black and white people.
In the last chapter I’ve analysed 200 newsreels in order to investigate about the gap between
reality and cinematographic representations. Visual analysis is placed in the historical and
theoretical frame above mentioned: in this way I’m able to reconstruct the discourse on identity and
otherness that shaped these cinematographic representations.
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Manfren, Priscilla. "Niger alter ego: stereotipi e iconografie coloniali nell'Italia del Ventennio." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424415.
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This work collects and analyzes a large corpus of Italian sources, both visual and literary, having as subject the black populations of colonial Africa. The research investigates specifically the sources of the fascist period (1922-1943). It examines various kinds of images, such as works of art, graphic works in illustrated magazines, commercial art and illustrations for children, as well as many articles taken by old Italian magazines and newspapers. The work wants to frame the various sources critically and to outline the evolution of some stereotypes related to the black colonial population and produced by an Eurocentric point of view.
The first chapter presents the methodology which has been used to set the work; the second one, instead, is divided into two sections: the one contextualizes the European art with exotic subject and, specifically, the Orientalism trend and some of its Italian members; the other is devoted to the presentation of the artistic debate related to the Italian colonial artworks of the fascist period.
The third chapter, which is the core of the work, is divided into various sections, which analyze the different male and female stereotypes emerged from the observation of images and texts. The study takes account of some historical situations, such as the Italo-Ethiopian wars of the late nineteenth century and of the 1935-36 biennium, which contributed to the spread of many clichés and iconographies about the black populations. The research also offers information about many of the Italian artists mentioned: these notes are useful for the comprehension of the fascist colonial art, of its exhibitions and its protagonists. The last part of the work presents the bibliography, a selection of the artistic and ethnographic articles found during the researches and used in the work, and the catalogue of the illustrations, which consists in a selection of over eight hundred images.Il presente lavoro è dedicato alla raccolta e all'analisi di un nutrito corpus di fonti visive e letterarie italiane, aventi come soggetto le popolazioni nere dell'Africa durante il periodo coloniale; l'arco cronologico indagato è, nello specifico, quello del Ventennio fascista (1922-1943). La ricerca prende in esame svariate tipologie di veicoli delle immagini, quali opere d'arte, riviste illustrate e grafica per l'infanzia, nonché numerosi articoli d'epoca tratti da riviste e quotidiani. Lo scopo del lavoro è quello di indagare le diverse modalità di rappresentazione dell'alterità nera, al fine di mettere in luce i pregiudizi e gli stereotipi generati dalla visione eurocentrica. Prima di passare alla disamina dei diversi clichés emersi dall'insieme delle immagini reperite, il lavoro propone un capitolo introduttivo, dedicato a presentare la metodologia con la quale è stata impostata la ricerca. Il secondo capitolo è suddiviso in due sezioni, l'una rivolta alla contestualizzazione dell'arte a soggetto esotico, della corrente ottocentesca dell'Orientalismo e di alcuni suoi esponenti italiani, l'altra riservata alla presentazione del dibattito in merito all'arte a soggetto coloniale nell'ambito della critica d'arte del Ventennio. Il terzo capitolo, suddiviso anch'esso in diverse sezioni, analizza gli stereotipi maschili e femminili emersi dall'osservazione delle immagini e dalla lettura dei testi d'epoca, tenendo conto di alcuni particolari frangenti storici, quali le guerre italo-etiopiche del tardo Ottocento e del biennio 1935-36, che hanno contribuito alla diffusione di determinati soggetti e iconografie. Il lavoro propone, oltre all'analisi delle immagini, notizie in merito a molti degli artisti citati, utili per comprendere l'arte coloniale del periodo fascista e le vicende dei suoi protagonisti. Concludono il lavoro l'apparato bibliografico, una parte dello spoglio degli articoli d'epoca rintracciati, divisi in fonti a tema artistico e fonti a soggetto etnografico, e il catalogo delle illustrazioni, consistente in una selezione di oltre ottocento elementi.
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Scarfone, Marianna. "La psichiatria coloniale italiana : teorie, pratiche, protagonisti, istituzioni 1906-1952." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20035.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail aborde les développements de la psychiatrie dans les colonies italiennes de la Corne de l’Afrique et de la Libye. La psychiatrie coloniale – que l’on appelle aussi ‘ethnographique’, ‘comparée’, ‘raciale’ – se nourrit de théories anthropologiques consolidées, de mensurations anthropométriques, d’observations cliniques ; c’est dans ce cadre complexe qu’elle émerge comme discipline autonome, en partie au moins, par rapport à la psychiatrie de le mère-patrie et qu’elle contribue au bon fonctionnement du régime colonial. Les protagonistes sont en premier lieu les médecins et les patients ; à l’arrière plan on trouve aussi les administrateurs et les hommes politiques, ou encore les familles et les communautés d’origine des patients. À travers des documents précieux comme les dossiers médicaux, il est possible de reconstituer les parcours des patients, de raconter des histoires de vie et d’identifier des éléments récurrents dans les différentes expériences. De plus, grâce à la documentation privée de certains médecins coloniaux, il est possible de saisir les motivations qui poussaient certains spécialistes à venir exercer dans les colonies. L’étude de la littérature psychiatrique de l’époque, associée à l’analyse des parcours des médecins, fait apparaître les échanges et les influences qui marquaient l’activité des psychiatres coloniaux. En ce sens il m’a semblé important d’analyser les modèles anglais et français dont les médecins italiens déclarent s’inspirer dans leur réflexion théorique et donc dans la construction de la discipline ainsi que dans les solutions pratiques mises en œuvre pour faire face à la question psychiatrique dès le début des différentes expériences coloniales. Le nœud de l’assistance aux colons et aux militaires qui présentaient des troubles psychiques, ainsi qu’aux indigènes considérés fous, a plus retenu l’attention dans la colonie libyenne (déjà en 1911-1912, avec des réalisations institutionnelles dans les années trente) tandis que dans les colonies de l’Afrique orientale italienne, la question de l’assistance psychiatrique a été moins débattue, débouchant par conséquent sur très peu de réalisations pratiquesThe dissertation reviews the ways in which psychiatry developed in the Italian colonies in the Horn of Africa and in Libya. Colonial psychiatry – variously called “ethnographic”, “comparative”, or “racial” psychiatry – drew on established anthropological theories, anthropometric measurements and clinical observations, the consistently-organized framework within which it emerged as an discipline supporting colonial government and at least partially independent of psychiatry in the home country. The primary interaction within this colonial psychiatry was that between doctors and patients; in the background were the colonial administrators, the political decision-makers, and the patients’ families and home communities. Precious documentary resources such as medical records let us trace patients’ careers, tell their life stories, reconstruct typical cases and confirm recurrent features in their various experiences; from the private papers of some colonial doctors we can gather the specialists’ motivations to move to the colonies; and an examination of the psychiatric literature of the day enables us to reconstruct the discussions and inspirations which fostered the work of the colonial psychiatrists. I have recognized the importance of analysing the British and (still more) the French models from which the Italian clinicians claimed to draw their inspiration, both in terms of theory (and the construction of the resulting discipline), and in the practical solutions implemented to tackle psychiatric issues from the earliest days of the various colonial experiments. This issue – of supporting psychiatrically-afflicted colonists and soldiers and natives regarded as “mad” – was paid most attention in the Libyan colony, starting in the very first months of the occupation (in 1911 and 1912) and then taking institutional form in the 1930s; in the colonies of what was known as “Italian East Africa”, on the other hand, there was less discussion of psychiatric support and correspondingly limited practical achievements
La tesi percorre gli sviluppi della psichiatria nelle colonia libica e nelle colonie del Corno d’Africa. La psichiatria coloniale – che assume denominazioni diverse: ‘etnografica’, ‘comparata’, ‘razziale’ – si nutre di teorie antropologiche consolidate, di misurazioni antropometriche, di osservazioni cliniche ed è in questo quadro articolato che emerge come disciplina autonoma, almeno in parte, rispetto alla psichiatria della madrepatria, e funzionale al buon ordine del regime coloniale. Nella cornice della psichiatria coloniale interagiscono in primo luogo medici e pazienti; sullo sfondo ci sono gli amministratori e i decisori politici, le famiglie e le comunità di provenienza dei pazienti. Attraverso documenti preziosi come le cartelle cliniche è possibile tracciare le traiettorie dei pazienti, raccontare storie di vita, ricostruire casi esemplari e fissare dei punti ricorrenti nelle diverse esperienze. Grazie alla documentazione privata di alcuni medici coloniali è possibile cogliere le ragioni che spingevano gli specialisti in colonia. Infine la letteratura psichiatrica del periodo preso in esame permette di ricostruire gli scambi e le ispirazioni che alimentavano l’attività degli psichiatri coloniali. In tal senso si è ritenuto importante analizzare i modelli inglese e soprattutto francese a cui i medici italiani dichiarano di ispirarsi, sia nella riflessione teorica e quindi nella costruzione della disciplina, sia nelle soluzioni pratiche attuate per far fronte alla questione psichiatrica sin dai primi tempi delle diverse esperienze coloniali. Tale questione, ovvero il problema dell'assistenza ai coloni e ai militari che presentavano disturbi psichiatrici nonché agli indigeni ritenuti folli, ha ricevuto maggiore attenzione nella colonia libica, e questo sin dai primi mesi della sua occupazione, tra 1911 e 1912, per poi manifestarsi in realizzazioni istituzionali negli anni Trenta; mentre nelle colonie della cosiddetta Africa Orientale Italiana il tema dell’assistenza psichiatrica è stato meno dibattuto, sfociando pertanto in scarse realizzazioni pratiche
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LEMECHA, MEGERSA ENDASHAW. "Microcredit and agricultural technology adoptions: evidence from ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/290144.
Full textAbstract:
In Etiopia, le donne e le donne capofamiglia rappresentano una quota significativa delle famiglie agricole che sono anche estremamente povere. In questa tesi fornisco prove della necessità di andare oltre il microcredito e promuovere una più ampia inclusione finanziaria per influenzare la maggior parte delle strategie di sussistenza delle famiglie agricole, in particolare le adozioni tecnologiche. Uso un gruppo di famiglie ampio e rappresentativo a livello nazionale ottenuto dall'Etiopia rurale come parte dell'LSMS-ISA della Banca Mondiale a 1) comprendere i vincoli alle adozioni tecnologiche, evidenziando il credito 2) valutare se il microcredito è posizionato a lavorare per la maggior parte di loro. Per effetto di quest'ultimo, esamino le decisioni di partecipare ai mercati del credito e utilizzare un particolare tipo di credito; esplorare il rapporto tra prestatori formali e informali - se servono come sostituti o complementi. Gli ultimi due decenni hanno visto una drammatica espansione dell'accesso fisico al microcredito in ambienti agricoli poveri e rischiosi. Vi è una penetrazione limitata delle banche e molte famiglie, in particolare i piccoli agricoltori e gli agricoltori marginale si affidano a finanziamenti informali. Per molti, il microcredito viene introdotto per salvare i debitori poveri riducendo i vincoli di credito istituzionali e la loro dipendenza dalla finanza informale. Quindi ci si aspetta che la tecnologia dell'informazione e i meccanismi di esecuzione dei contratti dei prestatori di microcredito si trovino tra i due estremi. Mi avvalgo di metodologie econometriche all'avanguardia e complesse che consentono di ottenere risultati più affidabili e, di conseguenza, contributi più specifici alla ricerca e alla pratica.In Ethiopia, women and female headed households make up significant share of farm households who are also extremely poor. In this thesis I provide evidence for the need to move beyond microcredit and promote a broader financial inclusion to affect a majority of farm households’ livelihood strategies, particularly technology adoptions. I use large and nationally representative panel of households obtained from rural Ethiopia as part of the World Bank’s LSMS-ISA to 1) understand constraints to technology adoptions, highlighting credit 2) assess whether microcredit is positioned to work for a majority of them. To the latter’s effect, I investigate decisions to participate in the credit markets and use a particular credit type; explore the relationship between formal and informal lenders - whether they serve as substitutes or complements. The last two decades has witnessed a dramatic expansion in the physical access to microcredit in poor, risky agrarian settings. There is limited penetration of banks and many households, especially small and marginal farmers rely on informal finance. For many, microcredit is introduced to rescue poor borrowers by reducing institutional credit constraints and their reliance on informal finance. So one expects that the information technology and contract enforcement mechanisms of microcredit lenders to lie between the two extremes. I employ state-of-the-art and complex econometric methodologies which allow to obtain more reliable results and, hence, more specific contributions to research and practice.
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Carlström, Karolina, and Elin Renstål. "Characteristics of managed and unmanaged water bodies influencing their suitability as mosquito breeding habitats in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226165.
Full textAbstract:
Mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and West Nile virus are serious problems in many parts of the world, especially in Africa, and partially in Ethiopia. Millions of people become infected and several hundred thousand people die worldwide from these diseases every year. The most conventional methods for mosquito vector control target female adult mosquitoes in a reactive way using insecticides. However, it is possible to perform proactive vector control through source reduction. The main focus of this study was to investigate if there are any associations between characteristics of managed still water bodies and the presence of mosquito larvae in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. This was done by measuring twelve variables, both abiotic and biotic; pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, carbonate, depth and presence of algae as well as collecting and counting mosquito larvae in ten different sites, during a time series of five weeks. The most common managed waters believed to serve as efficient breeding habitat for mosquitoes were ponds and ditches used for irrigation, drainage or cultivation. A total of 204 mosquito larvae were collected, where 95% were found in four of the ten sites, three of them were managed waters and the last one was unmanaged. Statistical analyses were performed in order to examine potential correlations and differences among the sites. Wilcoxon test was performed to investigate differences between managed and unmanaged waters. Simple linear regression analyses were performed to identify driving variables for the presence of mosquito larvae. The main results from the group tests were significant differences in mosquito larvae density between managed and unmanaged sites. Significant differences between mosquito sites and zero-sites for dissolved oxygen and sulphate were found. Simple linear regression revealed pH and dissolved oxygen as driving variables for mosquito larvae presence. It was concluded that resources should be put on treatment or manipulation of ponds, which were considered the preferred mosquito breeding habitats. However, if conflicts arise among interests concerning food production, measures must be planned and performed thoughtfully or focus should be put on less controversial breeding habitats. Among the driving variables, dissolved oxygen was the suggested variable to manipulate in order to reduce mosquito larvae populations.Myggburna sjukdomar som malaria, denguefeber, gula febern och West Nile viruset orsakar allvarliga problem i många delar av världen, särskilt i Afrika, och till viss del Etiopien. Miljontals människor världen över blir smittade och flera hundratusen dör varje år till följd av dessa sjukdomar. De konventionella metoderna för att kontrollera och minska spridningen av myggburna sjukdomar handlar om att kontrollera vuxna myggor med insektsmedel. Det är dock möjligt att utföra en mer förebyggande vektorkontroll genom att minska populationen. Fokus för denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns några samband mellan mygglarvsförekomst och egenskaperna hos mänskligt reglerade eller oreglerade vatten i och kring Bahir Dar i Etiopien. Detta gjordes genom att mäta tolv variabler, både abiotiska och biotiska såsom; pH, konduktivitet, löst syre, turbiditet, biokemisk syreförbrukning, nitrat, fosfat, sulfat, karbonat, djup och algförekomst, samtidigt som mygglarver samlades in och räknades, vilket utfördes på tio olika platser under fem veckor. Den vanligaste typen av reglerade vatten som potentiellt skulle kunna utgöra effektiva mygglarvshabitat ansågs vara dammar och diken som används för bevattning, dränering eller odling. Totalt samlades 204 mygglarver in och 95 % av dem fanns i enbart fyra av de tio etablerade mätplatserna, där tre var reglerade och den sista var oreglerad. Statistiska analyser utfördes för att undersöka potentiella samband och skillnader i mygglarvsförekomst och uppmätta variabler bland de tio mätplatserna. Wilcoxons metod användes för att undersöka om det fanns skillnader mellan reglerade och oreglerade ytvattensamlingars larvförekomst och egenskaper. Enkel linjär regressionsanalys utfördes för att hitta eventuella drivvariabler som därmed anses styra mygglarvsförekomsten. De huvudsakliga resultaten i studien var att det förekom en signifikant skillnad i mygglarvsdensitet mellan reglerade och oreglerade ytvattensamlingar. Signifikanta skillnader i löst syre och sulfat förekom även mellan myggsiter och nollsiter. Enkel linjär regression visade på att pH och löst syre var de mest drivande variablerna för mygglarvsförekomsten i denna studie. Slutsatsen var att dammar utgjorde de mest tilltalande habitaten i samband med mygghonors äggläggning och därför borde prioriteras med avseende på resursfördelning vid planering och utförande av vektorkontroll. Om det skulle uppstå konflikter mellan olika intressen som kan äventyra matproduktionen bör insatser planeras och genomföras med försiktighet eller istället göras i andra mindre kontroversiella mygglarvshabitat. Den drivvariabel som ansågs vara den mest lämpliga att manipulera var löst syre.