Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Étude microstructurale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Étude microstructurale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Aguilar, Reyes Bertha Oliva. "Étude microstructurale des opales : application à la déstabilisation par blanchissement." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2095.
Full textWe have demonstrated that the building block of all CT opals is a nanograin, 20 to 40 nm in diameter. These grains can be accumulated at random (fire opal) or may organize with 1, 2 or 3 degrees of order, leading eventually to play-of-colour opal with a regular stacking of lepispheres. We discovered the first bidisperse CT opal, where spheres of two different diameters forma a network analogous to that of Laves phases. The decomposition and attribution of bands in the experimental Raman spectra have demonstrated for the first time that opals A and CT are a mixture in various proportions of amorphous silica and -cristobalite. Finally, we obtained the first experimental results characterizing opal whitening. This destabilization is due in part to a loss of water, together with the formation of " cristobalitic " water, seen in Raman and NMR. Whitening itself is due to light scattering on two slightly different phases
Beclin, Franck. "Étude mécanique et microstructurale de la déformation superplastique du spinelle MgAI2O4." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10050.
Full textVerlhac, Catherine. "Analyse microstructurale chimique de matériaux cellulosiques : étude de quelques aspects des processus papetiers." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10582.
Full textAmana, Battatchona. "Étude mécanique, microstructurale et topologique de la superplasticité de polycristaux de zircone quadratique." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10141.
Full textMarlin, Pascal. "Impact laser sur cible d'aluminium : métrologie du choc : étude microstructurale des effets induits." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2295.
Full textTerrier, Pierre. "Algorithmes stochastiques pour simuler l'évolution microstructurale d'alliages ferritiques : une étude de la dynamique d'amas." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1135/document.
Full textWe study ageing of materials at a microstructural level. In particular, defects such as vacancies, interstitials and solute atoms are described by a model called Cluster Dynamics (CD), which characterize the evolution of the concentrations of such defects, on period of times as long as decades. CD is a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which might contain up to hundred of billions of equations. Therefore, classical methods used for solving system of ODEs are not suited in term of efficiency. We first show that CD is well-posed and that physical properties such as the conservation of matter and the preservation of the sign of the solution are verified. We also study an approximation of CD, namely the Fokker--Planck approximation, which is a partial differential equation. We quantify the error between CD and its approximation. We then introduce an algorithm for simulating CD. The algorithm is based on a splitting of the dynamics and couples a deterministic and a stochastic approach of CD. The stochastic approach interprets directly CD as a jump process or its approximation as a Langevin process. The aim is to reduce the number of equations to solve, hence reducing the computation time. We finally apply this algorithm to physical models. The interest of this approach is validated on complex models. Moreover, we show that CD can be efficiently improved thanks to the versatility of the algorithm
Dadda, Abdelali. "Étude mécanique et microstructurale des sols bio-cimentés : application aux ouvrages hydrauliques en terre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI103.
Full textThe biocementation process is considered as a promising technique for strengthening loose and weak soils. This technique has shown very good efficiency for several types of soil through laboratory tests and large scale models. On the other hand, it has shown a high sensitivity to the treatment conditions such as reactant concentrations, bacteria, injection rate, type of soil, temperature, etc…. These factors influence mainly the spatial distribution of the precipitated calcite, its shape and morphology, which subsequently influences the effective properties of the treated soils. This thesis is part of the French research project BOREAL, which aims at reinforcing old dykes and earth dams with this technique against internal erosion of the core and liquefaction of foundations. The objective of this thesis is to study the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties of biocemented sands (permeability, mechanical strength) by performing mechanical tests and permeability measurements in the laboratory and linking this evolution to microstructural changes by using quantitative 3D X-ray imaging tools. To do this, this work began with biocementation tests on Fontainebleau sand to verify the feasibility of the biocementation process in the laboratory. After these feasibility tests, drained triaxial tests have been carried out on the biocemented sand in order to estimate the evolution of its resistance parameters such as cohesion and friction angle. Small sub-samples of biocemented sand with different calcite contents have been then extracted and observed using X-ray micro-tomography at ESRF at a very high resolution (0.65 μm / pixel). Quantitative methods of 3D imaging have been developed to compute mean microstructural properties (amount of calcite, porosity, specific surface area and specific surface area of calcite) and contact properties (contact surface area, coordination number, type of contacts, contact orientation, etc…) for the different observed sub-samples. This study has shown a strong evolution of the resistance of biocemented sand (non-linear evolution of the cohesion, quasi-linear evolution of the friction angle, a slight increase of the residual resistance, etc...) and a decrease of the permeability by the precipitation of the calcite inside the sample. The quantitative study of the evolution of the microstructure has shown a stability of the specific surface area of the calcite beyond a certain level of calcification, a strong quasi-linear evolution of the cohesive contact surface between the grains as well as a slight evolution the coordination number (creation of new contacts). The comparison of these evolutions with those obtained considering a simple cubic periodic arrangement using two precipitation scenarii (uniform and localized at the contact) has shown that the precipitation of the calcite mainly occurs in the zones of inter-granular contact. This microstructural information have4 been then used successfully in micromechanical models to estimate the effective properties of biocemented sand (cohesion, permeability, elastic moduli). Finally, the same tools have been used to study the chemical durability of biocemented sand. This study has shown a degradation of sand resistance by dissolving calcite within the samples. The quantitative measurements on the 3D images have shown a degradation of the contact surface area without hysteresis with respect to the evolution of these contact surfaces during the biocementation process
Verhaeghe, Bénédicte. "Étude microstructurale des modes de déformation et de rupture d'un acier austénoferritique vieilli thermiquement." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0191.
Full textHamd, Wael. "Elaboration par voie sol-gel et étude microstructurale de gels et de couches minces de SnO2." Limoges, 2009. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f230a516-a2ca-4620-bb56-28d45adb586b/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4056.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the elaboration by sol-gel processing of SnO2 gels and thin layers from alkoxides and modified tin salts. The study of gelation concerned more especially the gels prepared in a mixed solvent toluene/isopropanol. Although the kinetics of gelation are greatly influenced by the complexation ratio and the alcoxide concentration, these two parameters have no significant effect on the final structure of the gels. Instead, the gels structure strongly depends on the toluene amount. Besides, we studied the grain growth process and the texturation in thin films made from these precursors. At low temperature the grain growth is governed by surface diffusion, while above 1100 °C, an evaporation-condensation mechanism predominates. In parallel to this grain growth, there is a progressive texturation of layers
Guesdon, Philippe. "Réalisation par mélange ionique dynamique de revêtements céramiques TiB2 : caractérisation microstructurale et étude des propriétés mécaniques." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2336.
Full textTurki, Mohamed. "Valorisation des granulats de caoutchouc et de fillers dans un mortier cimentaire : étude microstructurale et caractérisation expérimentale." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0106.
Full textThe work present the development of a new type of cementitious composites containing rubber aggregates. The evaluation of the influence of rubber particles on the physical, mechanical and hydric properties of mortar is developed. The study of the hydric behaviour of these composites reveled the importance of the addition of rubber aggregates in cement paste. The skrinkage and swelling derease considerably. These parameters have an important influence on the durability of these materials, and then they are a limiting factor in the cracking. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties decreases significatively when the percentage of crumb rubber increase in the matrix. A complementary study to describe microstructure allows making a correlation between them. Eventually, the addition of siliceous and limestone fillers in mortar-rubber aggregates composites permit in part to reduce the decrease of mechanical strength of specimens. The decrease of flexural strength is less than compressive strength. The measure of the elastic modulus (dynamic and static) revelled an important deformability of the specimens when the percentage of substitution with rubber particle rises
Flandin, Lionel. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation microstructurale de l'évolution des propriétés électriques d'un matériau composite en cours de déformation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10024.
Full textSacépé, Nicolas. "Étude phénoménologique et microstructurale de l'alliage à mémoire de forme NiTi en réponse à des sollicitations thermomécaniques cycliques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ53600.pdf.
Full textArnoult, Claire. "Croissance de nanofilaments d'oxyde d'aluminium et d'oxyde de gallium dans un arc électrique : étude microstructurale et propriétés optiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_ARNOULT_C.pdf.
Full textNanowires of aluminas and gallium oxide were synthesized by controlled oxidation of molten metal in an electric arc. The obtained powders are constituted of several morphologies of nanowires and nanoparticules, and several phases. The microstructural analysis carried out by diffraction of x-rays, SEM, TEM and associated spectroscopies enable to connect each morphology to the phase constituting it. The analysis of the stability of the different phases of alumina made it possible to specify the thermal conditions of the nanowires formation. A vapour-solid mechanism of growth is proposed starting from the study of the process. The photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of gallium oxide and alumina powders were studied. The emission bands come mainly from structural defects (vacancies). An original band of luminescence was identified in the red for the alumina powders that contained a rare
Rivas, Araiza Rocio Nohemi. "Hydrogels physiques de chitosane sous forme de macro-fibres creuses et multi-membranaires : mise en oeuvre et étude microstructurale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880397.
Full textMarchand, Benoît. "Effets de la température et de l'irradiation sur la mobilité du xénon dans UO$_2$ : étude profilométrique et microstructurale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830100.
Full textJouanny, Emilie. "Étude de l'évolution microstructurale sous irradiation aux ions Ti2+ de deux alliages de titane : lien avec les propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0071/document.
Full textThis PhD work deals with microstructural evolution of titanium alloys under irradiation, due to their potential use in the nuclear field. Parametric study (temperature, dose and irradiation flux) was conducted, using ion irradiations (JANNuS – Saclay platform) to simulate neutron irradiation damage. Two titanium alloys (CP Ti grade 2 and Ti-6Al-4V) were considered and qualitative and quantitative post irradiation microstructural characterizations were done (TEM, image analysis, APT). Thus, various irradiation defects were identified. In particular, presence of -component loops was highlighted in CP Ti grade 2 and vanadium-rich precipitates in Ti-6Al-4V from the temperature of 300°C. Resulting microstructure is hardly depending on irradiation parameters and considered titanium alloys. Important effect of temperature (between 300°C and 430°C) was noted on -type dislocation loops in CP Ti grade 2 and precipitates in Ti-6Al-4V. At 300°C, dose and flux have no effect on the defect distribution of the two titanium alloys. At 430°C, the increase of dose has a little consequence on the -type dislocation loops in Ti-6Al-4V, contrary to the ones observed in CP Ti grade 2. Precipitates, observed in Ti-6Al-4V, do not seem to be affected by the increase of the dose. Analysis of involved mechanisms is proposed. Finally, nano-indentation tests have allowed to get first description of the link between microstructure and mechanical properties. At 430°C, CP Ti grade 2 do not seem to be affected mechanically by the microstructural evolution with the irradiation dose, contrary to Ti-6Al-4V
Léon, Yoanna. "Étude de la diffusion en Gaule d'une technique romaine d'élaboration de sigillées à travers l'analyse microstructurale des surfaces décoratives (ou engobes)." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1362/.
Full textThe terra sigillata ceramic is a decorated vessel with standardized forms characteristic of the Roman period and its manufacture was reserved to few specialized workshops. This pottery is recognizable not only by its decorations but by its colour and its brightness, attained by means of a red vitrified slip. This one was obtained by firing under oxidizing conditions an iron rich clay finely settled. This technique appeared in central Italy during the 1st century B. C. (Arezzo, Pisa) and it was spread across the Roman Empire during the Augustan period. From the beginning of our era, big centres of production of sigillata (La Graufesenque, Montans) were set up in the South of the Gaul, developing their own directory of shapes and decorations. Before it, these south-Gallic centres and other workshops with a localized production (Bram) produced in the South of The Gaul a non vitrified slip ceramic, reproducing the ancient forms of the italic sigillata. The microstructural analysis of the slip of these different productions have been performed in a wide range of scales (by means of complementary characterization techniques) brings us relevant information on the appearance context of the first workshops of south-Gallic sigillata. The main chemical reactions occurring in the formation of the slips have been identified thanks to a study of the behaviour in temperature of a selection of permo-triasiques clays (likely source of slips). From all these data, it is now possible to identify the conditions (nature and composition of the clay, the temperature and the atmosphere of firing) leading to specific types of slip microstructure and also to bring to light the resemblances and the characteristics of different productions. The spatial variation of the report Fe2 + / Fe3 + obtained by means of Fe-K Edge XANES in the K-edge of iron, allowed, example, to precisely identify the variations of atmosphere during the annealing, and to distinguish easily the true sigillata from red imitation of sigillata which always preserves the track of their firing in reducing atmosphere. The study of sigillata slip by spectroscopy Raman highlighted the crystalline defects of the hematite (main pigment) depending on conditions of elaboration (nature of the clay and the temperature of firing) and can be thus used as criterion to distinguish the different productions. These results show that the ceramic with non vitrified slip (sigillata imitation) corresponded well to a end product with a more traditional manufacture and in localized production, maybe aiming to fulfil a need connected to the deficit of vessels which existed during this period. The craftsmen adapted the composition of their slip according to kilns traditionally used (firing in reducing atmosphere) with the aim of obtaining a red slip, but have never tried to modify the mode of firing to make of the truth vitrified slip sigillata. The production of sigillata, fired in oxidizing atmosphere, suddenly appears in the years 20 AD, what suggests the Italian specialists' intervention mastering perfectly this technique. This transfer came along with a modification of the process of elaboration which confers on slip a better mechanical resistance and also improves their optical properties, but requires a higher temperature and thus adding an additional cost. Nevertheless the study of the resources in clays of the various south-Gallic centres tends to demonstrate that it is not about an adaptation to local clays. It would seem that a difference in the preparation of the slip is responsible for this structural modification. The potters of La Graufesenque and Montans credibly adapted new processes (mode of firing) while preserving certain know-how to make native for the preparation of the clay. This modification thus results from a voluntary choice or in any case from a voluntarily preserved particular process, which leads an evolution of the product. This one becomes more functional at the same time that the aesthetics are preserved, maybe in answer to a more marked need in utilitarian vessels in this period. Even though we cannot really speak about a change of status of the sigillata, it is clear that this evolution follows in a parallel way, the variations of political and economic context (empire/Principate) which surrounds both considered productions (italic and south-Gallic)
Giroux, Pierre-François. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de l'adoucissement cyclique des aciers ferritiques-martensitiques revenus." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00710628.
Full textBrimbal, Daniel. "Evolution microstructurale du fer pur et d’un alliage Fe-Cr sous irradiation avec injection simultanée d’hélium : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112278.
Full textFerritic-martensitic steels are excellent potential candidates for a use as structural materials in future fusion reactors. For this application, they will have to withstand high fluxes of 14 MeV neutrons that will create atomic displacement cascades and transmutation reactions which will produce large quantities of helium. In order to understand the basic mechanisms under irradiation with helium, we have studied the effects of helium and those of chromium. Pure iron and a Fe-5.4 wt. % Cr model alloy were irradiated at the JANNuS platform in dual-beam mode with Fe+ and He+ ions and in single-beam mode with Fe+ ions at 500ºC. This platform enabled us to follow the evolution of damage up to low doses (1 dpa) and to characterize the microstructure at high doses (100 dpa). It also allowed us to observe in situ irradiation/implantation kinetic effects in a TEM coupled to two accelerators. The nature and distribution of irradiation defects was determined: they are essentially dislocation loops with a<100> Burgers vectors and cavities/bubbles. We have demonstrated that the co-implantation of helium and the addition of chromium both reduce the mobility of dislocation loops. The addition of chromium reduces swelling for all the irradiation conditions studied, with or without helium. In pure iron irradiated with helium, an original phenomenon was discovered for the first time: cavities/bubbles nucleate heterogeneously on the planes of the dislocation loops. We have also interpreted our experimental results in pure iron irradiated with helium using the cluster dynamics code CRESCENDO
Wongpromrat, Wichitra. "Étude de la sublimation du chrome lors de l’oxydation haute température de l’alliage AISI 441 et recherche de solutions de protection." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI070/document.
Full textFerritic stainless steels are the most attractive materials that are able to fulfil SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) interconnect properties. However, in cathodic SOFC condition, Crvolatilisation from ferritic steels leads to degradations of interconnect and cathode materialsand shorter service lifetime of SOFC. The objectives of this work are (i) to study Crvolatilisation from AISI 441 ferritic stainless steel and (ii) to find the way out to suppress Crvolatilisation. The Cr volatilisation protective methods used in this work were coating withMn-Co spinel by an electroplating method and preoxidation in the condition of Ar or CO/CO2at either 250°C or 850°C, for 3 h. Cr volatilisation experiments were performed in 5%H2O inO2 at 800°C for 96 h. According to the results, it can be concluded that the preoxidation ofthe AISI 441 in Ar or CO/CO2 at low temperature (250°C) or in the CO/CO2 at a highertemperature (850°C) are treatments that lead to lowering the sublimation rate of the Cr andimprovement in the oxidation resistance of this alloy in the cathodic compartment of theSOFC
Brasse, Gurvan. "Fibres optiques nanostructurées par voie sol-gel dans le système silice-zircone dopé terre rare : élaboration, caractérisation microstructurale et étude des propriétés de luminescence." Limoges, 2009. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0062135b-4c89-459a-b1f7-8746d2cce606/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4018.pdf.
Full textThe nanomaterials and the optical fibers are respectively in the center of the scientific and technological revolution of the last years. This thesis suggest to associate these two fields of applications, in order to elaborate new kinds of optical fibers, which present a solid core nanostructured by the sol-gel process in the silica-zirconia system doped with rare earth ions. Based on a rheological study of silica-zirconia sols, as well as thermogravimetric, thermodifferential and microstructural analysis of silica-zirconia xerogels, an elaboration method of such a fiber is defined. The so elaborated fibers are then characterized on a microstructural point of view (XRD, SEM), as well as on an optical point of view (transmission, index profile, chromatic dispersion, losses). The luminescence properties of the erbium and/or ytterbium doped fibers and undoped fibers are studied and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Whole of this work leads to the realization of optical fibers which present a solid nanocomposite core, with good waveguiding properties and weak losses, by taking into account the aimed applications. Original luminescence properties are finally highlighted
Tongne, Amèvi. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du procédé de soudage FSW (Friction Stir Welding). Analyse microstructurale et modélisation thermomécanique des conditions de contact outil/matière transitoires." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0768/document.
Full textFriction Stir Welding is a solid state joining process developed for transport applications as aerospace and naval. Since its introduction, a large number of investigations have been carried out but the process is not fully controlled. This work including experimental section in which welds have been generated by trigonal tool. The microstructure of these welds has been correlated with the material flow during the process. By understanding the material flow, the transient thermofluid model developed in the second section has been significantly enriched. This modeled has been developed for predicting the microstructure of the weld, especially, the "onion rings". Finally, the occurrence of "onion rings" has been correlated with the maximal strain rate reached by any particle in the weld seam, simulated by the model. However, the velocity has been refined at the vicinity of the tool through the trigonal pin modelling. This was helpful to move the material not only by friction but also by obstacle at the interaction tool/material. The above approach should enable, in this work layout, a better local thermomechanical description and consequently microstructural
Baroghel-Bouny, Véronique. "Caractérisation microstructurale et hydrique des pâtes de ciment et des bétons ordinaires et à très hautes performances." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523299.
Full textBodelot, Laurence. "Étude couplée des champs cinématiques et thermiques à l'échelle de la microstructure des matériaux métalliques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347987.
Full textL'objectif de ces travaux est donc de développer les moyens expérimentaux nécessaires à la réalisation de telles analyses mécaniques et énergétiques à l'échelle microstructurale. Pour accéder simultanément aux informations cinématiques et thermiques à l'échelle la plus fine possible actuellement, celle des grains d'un polycristal, des mesures de champs de température par thermographie infrarouge et de champs de déformation par corrélation d'images numériques sont donc mises en œuvre au sein d'un dispositif original de couplage des deux techniques. Ce dispositif permet alors une étude simultanée des champs de température et de déformation d'un acier inoxydable austénitique 316L sous sollicitations uniaxiales monotones et cycliques.
Babonneau, David. "Elaboration par copulvérisation de couches minces d'agrégats métalliques encapsulés dans des matrices de carbone ; étude microstructurale par microscopie et diffusion centrale des rayons X en incidence rasante." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2269.
Full textThomazic, Aurélie. "Elaboration de multimatériaux multifonctionnels par métallurgie des poudres – Mécanismes de frittage de bimatériaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468835.
Full textThomazic, Aurélie. "Elaboration de multimatériaux multifonctionnels par métallurgie des poudres : mécanismes de frittage de bimatériaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0005.
Full textThe processing of multifunctional multimaterials by powder metallurgy is useful to combine complementary properties and reduce the production cycle. A model Fe base/WC base bimaterial, with only three chemical elements, was studied to understand bimaterial sintering and develop a protocol to study the sintering of bimaterials. The protocol is based on physic-chemical approach, monomaterial sintering then bimaterial sintering. These results were applied to the sintering of X120Mn12 steel/carbide bimaterial with toughness and hardness properties. The same protocol was used to process the sintering of 1. 4313 steel/Stellite 6 bimaterial, with mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. This work draws attention to the impact of chemical and mechanical interactions at the interface of a bimaterial during sintering
Milhem, Luc. "Fonderie sous pression du cuivre : étude du procédé et caractérisation du matériau." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR14.
Full textThis research focuses on the study of high pressure die casting (HPDC) of copper. In order to improve the properties of die-cast copper, two main issues were investigated. In the first part, attention is paid to the influence of melting parameters and of addition of alloying elements in small amounts on the characteristics of the specimen produced. The second part discusses the influence of the foundry process itself on properties of die cast part, in particular by studying two parameters : the metal flow type during cavity filling, and the air entrapment
Le, Nué Charline. "Étude de la relation microstructure/ténacité d'aciers maraging inoxydables." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EMAC0003.
Full textThe stainless maraging steel MLX17, produced and developed by Aubert & Duval, is a candidate for applications in the field of the aeronautics. This steel possesses a high potential in term of mechanical resistance that exceeds that of the other stainless steels. However, the fracture toughness of this grade proves to be sensitive to the cooling rate after aging, resulting of a dispersal of this property. The research of the scientific origins of the degradation of the fracture toughness by a decrease of the cooling rate (air cooling in comparison to water cooling) is the main objective of this thesis. The microstructure was observed for several aging conditions. An approach using various scales (from micrometric to atomic scale) was necessary because of the complexity of the microstructure. In parallel, the study of tensile mechanical properties and resistance to propagation of cracks was led. The aim was to correlate the mechanical behavior to the microstructural evolution observed for the aging conditions investigated. Microstructural analyses by dilatometry and atomic tomography probe have shown the formation of a complementary precipitation of the hardening phase, responsible of the fracture toughness deterioration. In order to have a better control of this additional precipitation and to make it less fragile, a modification of the aging conditions was proposed. This alternative enabled an improvement of the trade-offs between the high strength and the fracture toughness
Sintes-Zydowicz, Nathalie. "Polyimides - amides, microstructure : mécanismes réactionnels : étude par RMN et GPC." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10165.
Full textDubé, Francis. "Les repères microstructuraux dans l'apprentissage mnémonique de partitions de piano." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23853/23853.pdf.
Full textThis exploratory study is about the piano score memorization with the aid of micro-structural references. Acquired by acknowledging consciously different micro-informations, at the level of musical notation as well as its execution on the instrument, those references then enable the musicians to identify the partition’s singularities to more easily memorize them. The first objective of this doctoral research is to list various types of references used by pianists to memorize their partition. Once gathered, the second objective is to classify them under larger categories. To better illustrate the pianist-preferred microstructures references used that have been observed with the musicians who participated in this study, many analysis show appearance frequencies in the data’s corpus.
Scumpu, Sorin. "Étude du comportement microstructural d'une poudre de fer au cours du pressage." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/MQ53602.pdf.
Full textParis, Antoine. "Étude des Transformations de Phase dans des Alliages base TiAl faiblement alliés en Silicium." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0340/document.
Full textThe goal of this study is the understanding of the influence of silicon on the microstructure of TiAl-based alloys. Small additions of silicon are actually known to improve the heat resistance of these intermetallics. It is shown here that silicon segregates strongly at the microscopic scale during solidification, leading to the apparition of primary silicides in the interdendritic regions. After a study of this segregation, homogenization heat treatments were performed in order to focus on a quantitative study of the solid-solid transformations occuring in these alloys. Thus, silicide precipitation was observed at the gamma/alpha2 interfaces in homogeneous lamellar structures. However, the lamellar structure undergoes its own evolution as the silicides nucleate and grow. The links between these simultaneous transformations are shown by our experimental results, then modelled through simple considerations. As a conclusion, mechanical tests on controlled microstructures give some trends on the influence of silicon on the high temperature mechanical properties of TiAl alloys
Hervier, Zéline. "Étude d'alliages de titane haute température : microstructure, fluage, corrosion sous contraite." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPT075H.
Full textFuture turbine engine applications require titanium parts to wishstand higher temperatures. This requires optimising the thermomechanical treatments of the parts in order to improve their creep life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructure, creep life and stress corrosion cracking properties of the titanium alloy. The observation of the microstructure reveals that the rate of cooling has a great influence on the primary alpha content, especially if it is a high temperature heat treatment : the diffusion controls the growth of the primary alpha. The study of creep is based on the drawing of iso-primary creep strain, iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-creep-life lines in a stress - temperature field. Regarding their creep properties, the gain obtained with the ,-forged Ti6242 on the •/, forged is small, compared to the gain obtained with the •/, forged IMI834. From the plot of iso-steady-state strain rate and iso-time to rupture, numerical models to predict the steady strain rate and time to rupture at each stress and temperature are identified and discussed. The stress corrosion cracking properties are also evaluated
Wone, Michel. "Rhéologie des suspensions non Browniennes concentrées : une étude numérique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1070/document.
Full textSuspensions of rigid grains in a fluid constitute a class of complex fluids that present a rich rheology. Even simpler cases of non-Brownian, non-colloidal spherical grains suspended in a Newtonian fluid feature macroscopic behaviours that are still not completely understood, especially when the concentration of particles is high. In these materials, the complexity of the dynamic is the result of the subtle balance that occurs between hydrodynamic interactions mediated by the interstitial fluid, and contact forces between grains. In this work, we tackle those questions from the point of view of discrete numerical simulations, in the context of the simple shear of 2D concentrated suspensions. Hydrodynamic interactions are modelled by pair lubrication, coupled with a possibly frictional contact law. Grains inertia is not neglected. We have access to the whole stress tensor, allowing the measure of pressure, shear stress, and normal stress difference, as well as their associated viscosities. The study of constant volume simple shear shows the existence of a shear-thickening transition between a viscous regime at low shear rate (stress proportional to the shear rate) and an inertial regime at high shear rate (stress proportional to the shear rate squared), depending on whether the stress is dominated by lubrication interactions or grains inertia. The position of the measured transition shear rate is consistent with a scaling argument for the stress that takes its divergence with concentration into account. Constant pressure simple shear simulations then let us explore the behaviour of very concentrated suspensions (up to 1% to the theoretical jamming fraction) in their viscous flow domain. We show that the rheology of the mix can then be described by a flow law that is only function of the viscous number, constructed as the ratio of a typical time for the local rearrangement of grains subjected to viscous forces, and a convection time consistent with the imposed flow. This allows a precise characterization of the divergence of stress with particles concentration. At last, we measure the stationary microstructure that develops within the flow. We show an important anisotropy of contacts, and discuss the evolution of this distribution with the concentration of the suspension
De, Carvalho Pinheiro Bianca. "Étude par diffraction des rayons X des modifications microstructurales en cours de fatigue." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10063/document.
Full textThe present work aims to evaluate the microstructural mechanisms associated with the initiation of fatigue damage of steels used in the oil and gas industry. Microdeformations and residual stresses (macrostresses) were evaluated by X-ray diffraction in real time during alternating bending fatigue tests performed on flat test pieces taken from a pipe sample. Microdeformations were estimated from measurements of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak and residual stresses from the peak displacement. The fatigue tests were performed at five different stress levels. Three stages of changes during the evolution of microdeformation were detected. We show that their amplitude and duration are proportional to the level of alternating stress. Similar variations were observed for the residual stresses, with duration identical to those of the microdeformation. Changes in the density and distribution of dislocations were observed by transmission electron microscopy using the technique of focused ion beam. To understand the role of the initial structure, fatigue tests on annealed samples were performed under the same test conditions. Again, three stages of changes are observed but with an increase of the microdeformations instead of a decrease during the first stage due to the initial state of the dislocation network. The results are very encouraging for the consideration of the microstructural evolutions in the construction of a future counter of fatigue damage initiation in materials
Tchein, Gnofam Jacques. "Étude des couplages thermomécaniques et microstructuraux d’un alliage de titane au cours du soudage FSW." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0344/document.
Full textFriction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process used today in the aerospace, naval and rail transport sectors. It has the advantage of providing welds with better mechanical properties than fusion welding processes. Most of studies carried out on this process concern aluminum alloys. This work focuses on the study of thermomechanical and metallurgical phenomena during FSW of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The influence of the initial microstructure on the mechanical properties and the final microstructure is studied through an experimental study. The HAZ and TMAZ of the welds are very thin and the welds didn’t present any weak zone. The genesis of the microstructure during the process has been identified and is made up with three main steps: α → β phase change, continuous dynamic recrystallization of the β phase and formation of α grains within the recrystallized β grains. In order to set up a model to predict the microstructure in the weld nugget, hot torsion tests were performed to determine the rheological properties of TA6V. These tests also made it possible to set up an analytical behavior law of Ti-6Al-4V. The velocity fields during FSW are formulated analytically from the equations of fluid mechanics and thermal fields are determined numerically from a eulerian formulation
Cherif, Maya. "Croissance de la céramique eutectique Al₂O₃-YAG-ZrO₂∶Y et étude de la microstructure Chinese Script." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI054/document.
Full textThese last decades, directionally solidified eutectic oxides have drawn attention and are seen as an alternative to Ni based superalloys for the development of high temperature turbine blades. Indeed, their 3D entangled and complex microstructure, called Chinese Script and the high quality of the interphases provide a thermal stability and mechanical properties, creep and strength, constant up to 1973 K.Our study focuses on the directional solidification of an alumina-based ternary eutectic alloy. The work is based on two approaches, experimental and modeling, in order to understand two inherent aspects of this alloy morphology: -The Chinese Script microstructure composed of irregular entangled lamellas of the two major phases Al2O3 and YAG and the third phase ZrO2:Y. - Colonies formation due to the presence of an impurity causing an interface destabilization.Experiments have been performed by different growth techniques: EFG, Bridgman and Micro-Pulling down exploring a large range of growth conditions. The modeling of these processes on a commercial software COMSOL gave the precise knowledge of the growth rate and the temperature gradient, needed for the study of the growth mechanisms. In the meanwhile, samples’ composition has been confronted to the phases equilibrium diagram calculated by the CALPHAD method.A characterization route of the microstructures obtained for different growth conditions has been set up in order to describe this irregular eutectic. Thus, the influence of speed and temperature gradient have been studied, showing identical growth behavior with eutectic metals. Moreover, it appears that this eutectic structure is composed of two single crystals: Al2O3 and YAG and a finely dispersed particles of ZrO2:Y.Finally, a physico-chemical model is presented, based on classical models in the case of metallic eutectics, in order to describe the formation of this microstructure and the appearance of colonies at the eutectic composition. The model is confirmed by the experimental observations. Peculiarities of the ceramic eutectic growth, with respect to metallic eutectics, are discussed.Besides, a way to control the microstructure through an electric field is presented. Indeed, by using the ionic property of the molten material, applying an electric field allows to modify ions transport and thus influences the diffusion phenomena at the origin of the microstructure
Meille, Sylvain. "Étude du comportement mécanique du plâtre pris en relation avec sa microstructure." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477188.
Full textLe, Fol Gaëlle. "Microstructure et données haute fréquence : une étude du marché français des actions." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010061.
Full textChollet, Sébastien. "Étude des modifications microstructurales de superalliages à base nickel induites par nitruration assistée plasma." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2293/document.
Full textNickel-based superalloys are commonly used in pressurized water heat exchangers or in the hottest sections of aeroengines or industrial gas turbines, where they are subjected to high temperature and severe mechanical solicitations (fatigue, creep). To allow use of those materials in more and more difficult operating conditions and to improve their duration, different nitriding treatments have been proposed to harden the surface while maintaining or improving their mechanical strength and chemical resistance. However, modifications induced by nitriding, resulting stability in time and influences of the initial microstructure are still poorly understood in these complex materials. In this work, we investigated the behavior of plasma nitriding on superalloys according to their initial microstructure and chemical composition. Thus, different types of Nickel-based superalloys were selected with various microstructures, possibly including precipitates like Ni3(Al, Ti, Nb) and/or Ni3(Nb). Then, we have characterized the modifications induced by nitrogen introduction in the materials after nitriding treatment at low temperature (400°C): lattice expansion, generation of residual stress, precipitates behavior, nitrides formation, plasticity, anisotropy... The results suggest different behaviors depending on the composition of precipitates. Finally, these structural modifications and their evolutions have been studied during an annealing at higher temperature (650°C) in order to study the stability of the nitrided layers
Cheumani, Yona Arnaud Maxime. "Étude de la microstructure des composites bois/ciment par relaxométrie RMN du proton." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13827/document.
Full textIn this work, low field proton NMR relaxometry (20 MHz) was applied to study wood-bonded cement composites hydration and the behaviour of hardened composites conditioned in humid atmosphere or immersed in water. In a first part, relaxometry was used to simultaneously follow the transformation of evaporable water into hydrates and the microstructure development during cement setting and hardening. This technique was also used to observe water transfer from wood to the cement matrix and to evaluate wood cement compatibility. In the second part, the influence of wood or matrix chemical modification on cement hydration was studied. Different behaviours were observed depending on the chemical group grafted unto wood or the chemical admixture added to the matrix. In the third part, the effect of moisture and the mechanical properties of hardened composites were evaluated
Skiba, Olivier. "Développement d'un procédé de nitruration pour l'aéronautique. Étude des mécanismes de durcissement sur des alliages fer-chrome nitrurés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0099.
Full textNitriding of steels is a thermochemical process for improving the mechanical properties by nitrogen diffusion and associated to nitrides precipitation of the alloying elements within the treated zone. This treatment results in a significant increase in hardness and to the introduction of residual compressive stresses. The scope of the study was to develop a nitriding cycle adapted to a steel grade for heavily loaded applications such as gears for the aerospace industry. A parametric study allowed the evaluation of the parameters criticality on the behavior of the chosen steel after nitriding. Based on these results, a nitriding cycle fulfilling the defined requirements has been proposed. Hardening of the nitrided layer was studied on Fe-Cr binary alloys in order to avoid complex precipitation phenomena observed in industrial grade steel. Transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed, through the complete interpretation of the electron diffraction pattern, that three nitrides families develop on the faces of the cubic centered structure of ferrite and obey the orientation relationships of Baker-Nutting. These semi-coherent nitrides adopt a disk-shape geometry. Image analyses allowed the identification of the microstructural parameters (size distribution of the precipitates, width, inter-particles spacing and volume fraction). The knowledge of these parameters led to the development of a hardening model, based on particles bypassing by dislocations and taking into account the disk-shape geometry of the precipitates. It has been shown that the use of results coming from diffusion - precipitation models does not permit to reliably determine the hardness gradient of the nitrided layer. This inability results principally from the impossibility of these models to describe correctly the microstructure in terms of precipitates geometry and their size distribution
Sanseau, Olivier. "Elaboration et étude d'éléments pour piles à combustible à oxydes solides." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1126.
Full textGerri-Peray, Mireille. "Elaboration et caractérisation de films minces d'oxide supraconducteur (YBaCuO) et étude résolue temporellement du processus d'ablation laser." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22023.
Full textFriederich, Sylvain. "Études empiriques sur la microstructure du marché britannique des actions." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010012.
Full textJauzein, Vincent. "Étude de la microstructure et du comportement mécanique de la fibre de soie." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00540941.
Full textDanard, Yolaine. "Développement d'alliages de titane transformables par déformation : étude des relations microstructure/propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC035.
Full textThe work concerns the development of new titanium alloys possessing unique properties of plastic deformation (distortion) (a ductility near 3 times superior to the classic alloys) and work hardening. An initial work (CIFRE PhD of Cédrik Brozek, 2013-2016) allowed to transpose approaches used initially on model alloys (Ti-Mo in particular), in materials potentially industrialisables with the aim of applications in the field of the aeronautics. It is on these new industrialisables nuances, based on the system Ti-Cr-Sn that we wish today to base the collaboration with our industrial partner. These alloys possess the capacity to be transformed under constraint, by maclage mechanics and transformation of induced phase, they possess a new combination of properties (a very important ductility accompanied with a work hardening not yet reached in the alloys of titanium) but they are also characterized by a very high microstructural complexity on which we don't possess that much informations for the moment. The project concerns the study of the relations microstructures / mechanical properties in this new family of titanium alloys (alloys "TRIP/TWIP")
Addad, Ahmed. "Étude de la plasticité haute température de matériaux céramiques spinelle-zircone." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-357.pdf.
Full text