Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Étude régionale'
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Bakam, Victor. "Les fluctuations pluviométriques en Afrique centrale : étude régionale." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12037.
Full textThe problems about research in tropical climatology are mainly the lwo density of observations post, the inequal spatial repartition of measurements and the very bad quality of some series, because of the importance of missing datas. The value of results and conclusions depend of the exactness in reviewer of existing datas and their spatial repartition. In central africa, the study of rainfall comming from the best stations in the period going from 1946 to 1985 shows the evolution and the main climatic change seen at continental and planet scale in the second half of the twentieth century. The main componment analysis allows a global approch of rainfall evolution and spatial organisation of rainfall field variability. The maps show the spatial organisation of rainfall variability field, and the graphs of annual score s on factorial axes give pictures of the chronologic rainfall flucturations. These rainfall fluctuations in the region are in closely accordance with the diversity of the physical milieu; otherwise, there is a relation between the rainfall diminution and the activity of the two actions center which deal with the spatial organisation of rainfield. The final result is a general rainfall deficiency irrelevant to the weakening of st. Helena anticyclone and the reinforcement of harmattan winds comming from sahara. In the north, the faillure of rainfall is more important than in the south. If the trend observes since 1970 continues, the monthly rainfall means which caracterise african intertropical rainfall regimes should be modified. Mainly if the normal rainfall period runs from 1970 to 2000, according to the 30 years wmo recommandations
Raad, Samer. "Baalbeck, ville et campagne : étude de l'organisation urbaine et régionale." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040027.
Full textThe subject of our research constitutes a study of the space organization in northern Beqaa, a district of Baalbek. This study is composed of an urban analysis which concern Baalbek, the capital of our geographical zone, and a regional analysis related to the space between the city and its countryside. In the urban analysis, the various space components of the city such as town center, residential quarters, touristic zones and suburban space are studied prior to the examination of the urban functions in detail: structure and evolution. The regional analysis deals with the different types of influence in the district of Baalbek; the administrative, commercial, land, academic, sanitary and migratory problems are studied. In summary, a regional organization is identified. Our investigation carried out between 1987 and 1990 constitutes the principal source of data
Fierdepied-Mucuta, Virginie. "Étude sur le processus d'intégration sous-régionale en Afrique subsaharienne." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1002.
Full textBergoeing, Jean-Pierre. "Le Costa Rica : contribution à une étude de géomorphologie régionale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX23003.
Full textLamrani, Khalid. "Existe-t-il une région de Taza ? : étude de géographie régionale." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR4504.
Full textTaza's power of attraction as an average town is hindered, on the one hand, by physical, economical, social and political constraints, and on the other hand by the local and regional competition. Moreover, there is an increase in the disengagement and uninterest of the local middle class towards the rural world. There are various local and general factors which prevent taza from being a real region : unfavourable physical factor on its whole, historical heritage pressure, the crisis of the local economy and a weakened middle class. The state's interventions are ponctual in its strategy of controlling and framing the population in politically sensitive areas (taza's case). These factors of hindrance show to what extent the existence of a metropolis(fes) beside a less important town (taza) is decisive of the shrinkage of the latter's area of attraction. Fes "pumps" the riches of taza's environment without wanting to frame it. However, taza remains indifferent towards this process of "pumping" and polarity. To conclude with, towns on crisis like taza have to take into consideration, in their regional action, not only the big
Albisson, Maxime. "Le Mercure Aptésien : étude de presse locale (1839-1893)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10058.
Full textGagnon, Serge. "Le tourisme et la villégiature au Québec, une étude de géographie régionale structurale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57965.pdf.
Full textColin, Jeanne. "Étude des événements précipitants intenses en Méditerranée : approche par la modélisation climatique régionale." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1357/.
Full textThe climatic variability of intense rainfall events in the Mediterranean is studied using the limited area climate model ALADIN-Climate, whose ability to simulate these events in South-East France is explored. Several sensitivity studies are conducted to assess the impact of various configuration parameters on the model's skill to downscale such extreme events : coupling with a Mediterranean sea model, use of the spectral nudging technique, size of the domain of integration and horizontal resolution. These studies are either performed within the so-called Big-Brother Experiment framework or through hindcast simulations driven by the ERA-40 reanalysis. The increase of resolution (from 50 to 12. 5 km) is found to be the only parameter affecting the modeling of extreme precipitation. The added value of the higher resolution on the way ALADIN-Climate simulates High Precipitation Events (HPE) in South-East France is carefully studied. Comparisons of ALADIN-Climate's skills to those of two State-of-the-art statistical methods of downscaling and detection of these events -- DSCLIM (Boé et al. , 2006) and "CYPRIM" (Nuissier et al. , 2011) -- show that with a resolution of 12. 5 km, the model offers better results than the first method and appears to be at least as good as the second one, therefore it constitutes an appropriate numerical tool to explore the climatic variability of the HPE. A climate change scenario (A1B) is then performed with this tool for the end of the XXe century and we assess the simulated changes affecting HPE in future climate. Several methods are proposed to analyse and display the results, suggesting an increase of both the frequency and intensity of the HPE
Kengne, Fodouop François. "Les marchés du Sud Cameroun : leur rôle dans l'organsiation commerciale régionale : étude géographique." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30070.
Full textWhether it be as a result of the abondance of crops or as a result of urban development, it will appear today that the south of cameroon is a region wellfed with markets. At the level of each small structured local or administrative unit there is a daily or periodic market. To these should be added a host of other small marckets created for spontaneous exhanches. There are located either at the convergence or terminus of road rail infrastructure, or simply near collective social physical infrastructures such as schools, hospitals, colleges or factories. By the 31 st of december 1985, the south of cameroon sustained some 1. 536 markets spatially unevenly distributed. They differ one from the other either by the geographical, situation, date of creation, frequency, associated equipment, attracting capability, the number of traders or simply by the nature of products exposed for sale. Of all the distribution channels located in the south of cameroon, the market is the one that carries the highest coefficient in the volume of goods sold as well as that which exerts a powerful pull on customers. It is in the markets that a near totality of peasants in the region meet to sell any leftovers of their produce. It is also in the markets that a good percentage of the industrialists craftsmen and retailers come in to dispose of what they have produced or bought from other economic agents. These markets satisfy in their entirely the purchasing capabilities of these
Muller, Héloïse. "Étude de la circulation résiduelle lagrangienne en mer d'Iroise." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2050.
Full textThe aim of this work is to assess the lagrangian residual circulation in the Iroise sea and to evaluate the relative contribution of the different physical processes at play. We calculate water displacements with a diagnostic lagrangian tool that computes the full trajectories of fictive particles advected in a given velocity field. The lagrangian residual circulation is inferred from trajectories integrated over an appropriate period. This analysis is applied both to ocean model ouputs and genuine, gridded current measurements. These two sources of data are indeed complementary to study the lagrangian residual circulation according to the impact of the physical processes at play. We used sea surface currents measured by HF radars and surface currents computed with a 3D ocean model, forced by high resolution meteorological data from an atmospheric model. The lagrangian residual currents are compared to genuine movements of drifters. Our analyses and diagnoses provide a realistic description of the lagrangian residual circulation in the Iroise sea and evaluate the influence of the different driving mechanisms that govern it. We determine the contribution of tides, wind and density gradients by analysing HP radars, surface currents during winter and summer, weak and strong wind conditions idealize numerical simulations that switch on and off each individual physical processes help us refine our conclusions. To exploit this process study in terms of operational oceanography, we draw map of the lagrangian residual circulation over five M2 tidal cycles in the Iroise sea. We provide representative samples of various meteorological and oceanic situations
Inacio, Reis Sandra. "La politique régionale de l'Union européenne et les disparités régionales : Une étude empirique de l'impact des Fonds structurels sur la convergence des régions européennes." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0009.
Full textBy reducing the obstacles to circulation of goods, services and capital and by facilitating a greater mobility of the factors of production, European economic integration is supposed to strengthen the growth between the least advanced Member States and thus to support a process of convergence. However, the geographical distribution of the economic integration's profits can support the most developed areas more, which could slow down the process of convergence of backward region. In order to promote a harmonious development of the Union as a whole, an European regional policy was created. Thanks to the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Funds, it aims mainly the reduction of the GDP per capita's disparities between the Member States' areas. With the European Union successive enlargements, instruments and financial means of the European regional policy are increasingly consequent, so that it becomes necessary to evaluate and judge its effectiveness. To answer it, it is important first of all to examine how the regional policy is integrated in the economic analysis and to study the methods used to evaluate its impact. Among the methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the European regional policy, the traditional empirical approaches of convergence seem particularly adapted. The results obtained in our empirical study based on these approaches show the contrasted effectiveness of Structural Funds to decrease the regional disparities of incomes per capita
Huna, Roman. "France-Slovaquie : la notion de région : étude comparative." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1503.
Full textSchadkowski, Corinne. "Étude de la pollution photochimique à l'échelle régionale par modélisation eulérienne 3D et mesures spectroradiométriques." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-245.pdf.
Full textDimara, Euthalie. "L'agriculture grecque : une étude chronologique et régionale par l'analyse des correspondances et la classification automatique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066199.
Full textCastellani, Michel. "Les mutations économiques et humaines de la corse contemporaine : étude d'économie et démographie régionales." Corte, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CORT1001.
Full textFor thirty years, corsica has been undergoing deep economic and human changes : the phenomenon of viticulture as a monoculture, the revolution in the means of transportation, the advent of mass tourism. These were also demographic factors, wich helped to ehphasize breaks in a population wich had been hurt for a long time by a crisis, by powerful negative migratory movements. The purpose of this thesis it to hive a definition of the different sectors of activity, of the paradoxical working of the economic machine and analyse the demographic consequences of them. The point is to overcome the particular difficulties linked to the fragmentary and insufficient documentation, to observe and confirm facts, to know the ground concretely, and study the financial fluxes wich reveal deep imbalance and a characteristic method of regulation. In the field of demography, where statistics had long been unusuable, a specific approach is offered, through the systematic study and exploitation of birth rate and death rate fata. One of the results is an accurate photograph of corsica's spatial dynamic current
Haraoubia, Imane. "L'espace régional en Algérie : étude de cas de la région Nord-Centre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1101.
Full textRegional space in Algeria today is characterised by a large, developed metropolis, concentrating human potential and various activities; and the rest, marginalized and living in the shade of the former. The political and economic changes played a significant role in its evolution, management and organization. The Northern-Central region (encompassing 10 wilayas), marked by the crushing weight of the capital, is the most touched by territorial iniquities. Measuring these iniquities and identifying their progressions and origins led us to analyse the population repartition (1987-2008) and the socio-economic conditions. The results showed an important demographic imbalance, and obvious inequalities between the wilayas of the region. The natural environment and the political choices were at the origin of the unequal development, and its reinforcement. Social conditions and security issues were thus determining factors in the concentration of the population, and more recently in the deceleration of the migration flow. Being interested in the planning of the North-Central region, and through the qualitative analysis of its process, we highlighted the non-existent implementation as well as a certain number of constraints and obstacles in the study phase. We also noted the existence of a shift between the practices on the ground and the strategies retained for the reduction of inequalities
Bougeois, Elizabeth. "Pratiques journalistiques en télévision régionale : étude empirique de reportages et du discours des journalistes auteurs de ces documents." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20027.
Full textThere has not been a great deal of research on the work of journalists, using a praxeological approach. Regional television possesses numerous specificities. Here, the approach is empirical, through the use of semio-pragmatic analysis applied to television news reports and what the reporters have to say about them. This investigative methodology, characteristic of information and communication sciences, provides a means of studying specific professional practices through a semantic approach to both media products and what the professionals say about them. In this small scale study, the statements of those responsible for the news items studied, provide a partial understanding of the elements that sustain and structure professional practices. These appear to be highly individualised, stable and organised on the basis of the regional television news reporters’ own values and the way they view their mission and their function in society
Louhichi, Wael. "Le rôle informationnel des annonces : une étude intrajournalière sur Euronext Paris." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0534.
Full textThis study is included in the field of market microstructure. The goal of this work is to examine market behavior around the times of public information made in the paris bourse. In the first chapter, we propose to study intraday speed of adjustement of stock prices to new information. The aim of the second chapter is to examine asymmetric information around earnings announcements. In the third chapter, we study investors' bahavior around public information. The last chapter deals with intraday relation between information flow and market activity
Cellier, Alexis. "Rendements intrajournaliers et flux informationnel : une étude sur Euronext Paris." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0520.
Full textThe volatility bursts in financial markets obviously questions their link to information. This study empirically highlights the relation between the information and the exchange process. We tackle this question under two complementary views. We initially compare several proxies of the information flow. Then, we analyze the relationships between various components of the exchange process (transactions and order book). The comparison of various information proxies suggests that the bests are in descending order: - the number of transactions; - the volume of transactions; - the number of orders; - the volume of orders. The progressiveness of these studies on the French market enables to compare the results of various methodologies. We observe that the data aggregation within intervals and the underestimation of the informational set led to a partial and skewed vision of the relationships. The organization of the Parisian market (centralized order driven market) confers a central role to the order book. It arises that agents can limit themselves to this observation since the trade features (volume, duration) do not have any more a significant influence when the effects of variables from the order book are included. The relationships highlighted between the variables stress that the main force is the liquidity supply. The periods of strong (weak) activity seem associated with the absence (the presence) of informed traders
Mathis, Marianne. "Coexistence et compatibilité des usages dans les territoires ruraux québécois : étude de cas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26599.
Full textBrocard, Delphine. "Emissions atmosphériques des combustions domestiques : étude des processus et détermination des sources à l'échelle régionale et globale en Afrique." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30296.
Full textAssa, Kaudjhis Narcisse Bonaventure. "Étude pratique d'analyse régionale en Côte d'Ivoire : l'aménagement de la Vallée du Bandama : bilan, une décennie aprés la dissolution de l'A.V.B." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040402.
Full textLaplace-Treyture, Danielle. "Le genre régional : écriture et transmission du savoir géographique." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUUA001.
Full textKirouac, Massicotte Isabelle. "Des mines littéraires : étude chronotopique de l'imaginaire minier dans les littératures abitibienne et franco-ontarienne." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34828.
Full textCampagne, Carole Sylvie. "Evaluation des services écosystémiques par la méthode des matrices de capacité : analyse méthodologique et applications à l'échelle régionale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0339/document.
Full textEcosystem services (ES) are the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems. For example, a tree produces fruit that we pick, sequesters carbon as it grows, supports various recreational activities and has aesthetic value. Among the different approaches developed to assess ES, the experts-based capacity matrix is flexible and quick to implement. The matrix is a look-up table that assigns each ecosystem type a score defined by experts expressing its ES capacity. It is increasingly used in France, Europe and internationally. Three themes are addressed in the thesis: (i) methodological analysis to define and specify limits and specify methodology to address them, (ii) application of the method to the Scarpe-Escaut Regional Natural Park and to the Hauts-de-France Region, and (iii) integration of the evaluation of disservices (undesired effects of the natural environment on humans) and ecological integrity (condition/health of the ecosystem) into the evaluation of ES to take fuller account of the relation between humans and their natural environment
Azevedo, Beatriz. "Le secteur informel dans une dynamique de développement local : famille, territoire et industrie : une étude des petits producteurs de la Vallée dos Sinos, Brésil." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21026.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to point out that the informal sector could be affected by the dynamic of territorial development. Therefore we joined our analysis of the small production of the Sinos Valley with a new conception of development associated with the idea of the "SPL". This approach is justified by the fact that the local implantation of small units of production is an important element of its operation, where the local system become the key element of creation and development of each firm. Indeed, insofar the informal sector is a social product, its territorial dimension assume an important role for the analysis of its operation. Thus, this statement led us to a double theoretical approach. We support our analysis, on the one hand, in the informal sector approach and, on the other hand, in the recent theoretical contribution which integrate the territory into the economics of development. So we constructed throughout the thesis an analysis to prove the intersection of three elements – the family, the industry and the territory – into a dynamic of the small production of the Sinos Valley
Chemaly, Jean-Pierre. "Contenu religieux, stratégie communicationnelle et radicalisme : les sites internet chrétiens et musulmans et le monde arabe : enquête régionale et étude de cas." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5017.
Full textChristians and Muslims religious website, for the Arab world, obey to different criteria to elaborate their sites. Those sites alters between religious communities and minorities. Diaspora plays also a role in elaborating those websites. Muslim community in Europe requires on Arab websites the creation of links related to the occidental way of life. Christians communities like the Coptic and the maronite create in English and French their websites showing their sympathies to the occidental world. To diffuse the content of their websites the strategies of communication depend on religious and political criteria’s. The border is very thin between those too criteria. Some Christians political websites don’t hesitate to post religious information and some Muslims websites don’t hesitate to post political information. All this evolving in a censorship context. Finally the only tool of communication for them, Islamic and radicals spread their message on the web against the will of the official religious authorities. The geographical dimension for the study of these sites is the Arab world. A case study has been done for Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Saudi Arabia
Mendez, Maxence. "Étude expérimentale de la réactivité hétérogène de particules ultrafines d’acides gras et modélisation de la composition chimique des aérosols à l'échelle régionale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10170/document.
Full textThe intensity of environmental and health impacts of atmospheric aerosol depend on their chemical composition. This composition varies as function of their emission source and transport time in the atmosphere where many chemical and physical transformations occur. The objectives of this thesis are, firstly, to study the initial steps of the atmospheric aging of organic aerosol in laboratory and, secondly, to provide with information on the modelling of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol. The first part of this work has been dedicated to the study of the reactivity of model organic aerosol in an aerosol flow tube for two heterogeneous chemical systems: oleic acid + ozone; palmitic acid + chlorine radical. Chemical analyses in both gas phase and particle phase were performed to quantify the products and determine the chemical mechanisms.In the second part of the thesis, we have built a model to generate anthropogenic pollutant emission data for the chemistry weather forecast with the WRF-Chem model. The chemical speciation of primary aerosol permits us to model the chemical composition of aerosol over the French northern region. The model results have been validated by statistical comparison with data coming from measurements network (ATMO Nord-Pas de Calais) and also measurement campaigns performed with an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Lebel, Alexandre. "Une approche intégrée pour la définition d'unités de voisinage dans le contexte d'une étude sur les inégalités sociales de la santé dans la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22503/22503.pdf.
Full textKropinova, Elena G. "Les aspects organisationnels et économiques du développement de la zone de Primorskaja : étude territoriale du système de recréation de la région de Kaliningrad." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21033.
Full textBatac, Julien. "Les interactions entre apprentissage organisationnel et contrôle dans un processus stratégique : étude de cas d'une banque régionale de détail en recomposition territoriale et technologique." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU2003.
Full textIn an environment with changes, the formation of strategy might require the emergence of a participative process which allows overtaking the dichotomy between formulation and implementation. The positioning of the operational participants involved in the thinking strategic process may favour organisation methods based on the learning process. The difficulty of the connection between strategy and organizational learning is related to the question of knowledge transfer. Interactive control systems improving learning's mobilisation could be a solution. This impact of control on strategy, through organizational learning's development, is based on a broad approach of control through the complementarity between formal and informal systems. For these reasons, our research is devoted to describe ways and means of the compatibility between the concepts of strategy, organizational learning and control system. The topic of our research and a three years experience in a bank have highly influenced the analysis methodology. The case study allows a better understanding of a strategic inflection's situation and proposes an explanatory reading of the different forms of learning and control which generated the necessary knowledge to modify the strategy. We show that the learning diffusion requires long cycles. This scale difference leads us to propose a new stage to the process production-diffusion-mobilisation, the so-called opening out stage
Hocké, Claude. "Evolution de la pratique des extractions instrumentales obstétricales depuis l'introduction de l'anesthésie loco-régionale péridurale : étude rétrospective de 313 observations des années 1979 et 1987." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25133.
Full textChevillard, Anne. "Etude à haute résolution du CO2 atmosphérique en Europe et en Sibérie : impact pour les bilans de carbone." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066503.
Full textPinet, Nicolas. "Un exemple de grand décrochement actif en contexte de subduction oblique : la faille philippine dans sa partie septentrionale. Étude régionale (NW Luzon) : thématique et modélisation analogique." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4404.
Full textBarreto, Maria Antónia B. Ferreira. "L'opération régionale "Aquitaine au présent-regards" : une expérience pédagogique multi-média dans les domaines de la communication, du développement cognitif et de l'innovation : étude de cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR21010.
Full textThe multi-media regional operation "Aquitaine today", later called "outlook" has been developing for some twelve years in the Bordeaux education authority area. It is part of the nationwide operation "France and its future". Initially, the main aim of the operation awes the use of audiovisual media in schools, in relation with the study of the environment. It has finally developed to encompass the field of the cognitive faculties and a new scheme of communication in schools and the social system. The operation has developed within primary and lower secondary schools. Studies on the use of audiovisual facilities in and out of school, the status of environmental studies within the school syllabus and the evolution of the French school system all provide elements for the interpretation of the complex evolution of "Aquitaine today-outlook"
Bouquet, Sarah. "Étude des interférences entre injections multiples de CO2 dans un aquifère salin profond à l'échelle industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00960619.
Full textGalle, Marion. "Le Processus de décision en matière de pollution : une étude du jeu conflictuel comme mode de régulation." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010029.
Full textGazzah, Faten. "Entrepreneurship and regional development : spatial analysis." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC025.
Full textThis thesis proposes to put into perspective the impact of the entrepreneurial environment, in order to explain the reasons for the spatial variation of the level of regional development for the regions of the European Union and those of the Tunisian regions. This regional inequality is accompanied by non-stationary spatial modalized relationships in space, implying that certain variables can have a positive effect in some regions, while negative effects are observable in other regions. To address the issue of regional inequalities in an entrepreneurial contribution in a context space, three chapters, in the form of articles, have been developed. The first chapter sheds light on the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of the environment on the development of the European Union Regions. The second focuses on the description of spatial distributions global and local index to regional development in Tunisia, as well as the impact of the change in the effect of the micro-enterprise on the index of development of the Tunisian regions (delegations).The last chapter explains the factors fostering an entrepreneurial environment to attract micro-enterprises in the (delegations) Tunisian regions primarily disadvantaged but are in a phase of development .Based on a sample composed of 246 regions of the European Union, the results of the first chapter announced that the entrepreneurial environment helps explain inequalities in development between the regions. This result reveals that promote entrepreneurship of opportunity in the face of the necessity entrepreneurship in the regions the least developed in the European Union is an obligation, particularly in countries of Central Europe and Eastern. The second chapter is aimed to consider the effect of the micro-enterprise on the development index of 262 Tunisian regions using an exploratory analysis of Geo-referenced data. The result shows, on the basis of a global spatial model, that the presence of the micro-enterprise or business in a region impacted positively the level of regional development and those of the neighboring regions. Conversely, for a local spatial model, we see, on the one hand that the impact of micro-enterprise weakens while approaching coastal areas (developed), and on the other hand the impact of the micro-enterprise is more important in the regions with low level of development compared to those with a favorable development. The results of the third chapter claim that entrepreneurship by necessity, a discouraging social context, corruption, low reliability of support structures and the imbalance between the academic training and supply of skilled jobs on the market are the major factors slowing down the survival of the micro-enterprise in under developed regions
Lehmann, Michael Christian. "Étude des effets locaux d'équilibre général des programmes de transferts monétaires conditionnels." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0007.
Full textMy doctoral dissertation attempts to explore how cash transfers affect the local economy's equilibrium, and how this in turn affects the entire village population (including those household not targeted by the cash transfer program). In chapter 1, I explore the relationship between local general equilibrium effects and consumption. Taking the example of the well-known Progresa conditional cash transfer randomized experiment, I explore what more can be learned about the intervention's consumption effect if the experimental data is analyzed within a general equilibrium framework. In chapter 2, I study the local general equilibrium effects another popular type of conditional cash transfer program aiming to transform the lives of the poorest in society: cash transfers promoting micro-enterprise development. While the effects of this type of aid intervention on aid recipients have received considerable attention by the literature, their local general equilibrium effects have been almost completely ignored. I use a structural model and a randomized experiment to study the local general equilibrium effects of small business cash transfers to households impoverished by years of civil war in Uganda. In chapter 3, I explore the implications of local general equilibrium effects for variables other than consumption. I study in more depth the implications for labor supply. Moreover, I ask how successful are conditional cash transfer programs in reducing rural inequality? Finally, chapter 3 also explores how local general equilibrium effects may spill-over to populations outside the village
Cazeneuve, Anne. "De l'impossibilité de tout dire : étude des rapports entre représentations sociales et formes d'implication : le cas de la remise à niveau à l'Ecole Régionale de la Deuxième Chance Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844737.
Full textGaultier, Cyrille. "Relations entre pelouses eurosibériennes (Festuco-Brometea Br. -Bl. Et Tx. 43) et groupements méditerranéens (Ononido-Rosmarinetea Br. -Bl. 47) : étude régionale (Diois) et synthèse sur le pourtour méditerranéen Nord-occidental." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112096.
Full textThe aim of this study is a better understanding of dry calcicolous communities and principally of the connection between their groupings at boundaries of medio-european (Festuco-Brometea) and mediterranean domains (Ononido-Rosmarinetea) as well as of their contacts with their altitudinal homologous (Festuco-Seslerietea). The first part of this memoir draw a review of the knowledges of this vegetations units as well as a comparative table of various syntaxonomic conception concerning them. Xerobromion grasslands don't appear the only to present narrow affinities with mountain-mediterranean "garides" s. L. , but whole Brometalia communities is in fact concerned. On the other hand, Rosmarinetalia garrigues are most distinctly differentiated from them. In a second part, the analysis of this relations is effected in the framework of a propitious biogeographical territory, the Diois. The detailed study of "garides" of this region allows to show, by numerical treatment of data (Correspondence Analysis), several "turning-points-syntaxa" between mediterranean or submediterranean communities (Aphyllanthion, Lavandulo-Genistion, Genistion lobelii) and those of Brometalia, which are detailed at synecologic and dynamic levels. Finally (third part), this regional approach leads to a numerical synthesis of extant data, about 3500 relevés, at the northern mediterranean limit scale. The results end at a new structuration of related units. The Rosmarinetea, in this north part of their area, are proving limited at Rosmarinetalia (Aphyllanthion pp + Rosmarino-Ericion), while the Ononidetalia, which were classically fastened to them, appear undoubtedly to be integrated into the Festuce-Brometea. The great floristic convergence of this last order with Brometalia (western subatlantic and submediterranean distribution) and balkanic Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia lead to reroup this syntaxa in upper unit (Ononido-Bromenea subclas. Nov. ). Lastly, a restament is consecrated to the oromediterranean grazed greens (Astragaletalia), which redistribute themselves finally between Ononidetalia and Seslerietalia
Jarrier, Anne-Lucie. "Construire les routes du développement en Amazonie : étude des conflits sur l'aménagement du territoire régional au prisme des instruments." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020076.
Full textLaunched as part of the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in SouthAmerica (IIRSA), the construction of a “bi-oceanic” corridor intends to link the Atlantic withthe Pacific through the Amazon river. This project finds its roots in the economic assessment that explains “under-development” by the existence of a gap in terms of infrastructure. A unified program of land planning proposed by IIRSA was conceived in order to bridge this gap. The full implementation of this program would reduce trade barriers and integrate marginalized territories to the productive economy. However, the implementation of the“Amazonian axis” raises many environmental and social issues that have sparked a critical discourse regarding the legitimacy of the project as well as opposition movements whose mobilization led, in some cases, to the formation of local conflicts.This study considers the Amazon as a laboratory for the study of a confrontation between two competing paradigms: the conquest of the frontier as a driver of economic growth and the preservation of the “lung of the Earth”. Based on data collected on three of the IIRSA's Amazonian projects (in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru), this study uses a comparative approach on different levels (international, national and local) in order to conduct a cross-reflection on multi-level governance (regional integration, local governance) and to examine power relations between two antagonist development models
Laurelli, Elsa. "Intervention de l'État et transformation du territoire au travers des stratégies de pôles énergétiques-industriels, de relocalisation industrielle et d'intégration régionale : étude à partir de cas latino-américains (Cône Sud, Mexique)." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030117.
Full textThe research developped has as main objective tha analisis, comprehension and isolation of regularities of state's interventions in latin america during tha last thirty years as well as the preview of tha possible scenaries that could result from the xxith century's transformations. This has required the identification of significant periods: the industrial poles stategy of the 70's, the industrial relocalisation in the 80's deceny crise and the recent perod of integration policies. The most significant cases studied are exemples in the south cone and in mexico, where we have studied and worked over the las twenty years: salto grande hidroelectrial projet in argentina, the nuclear and electrical production in atucha i and ii; industrial promotion policies, specialised territories, atlantic-pacific bioceanic strategy. The approach to this subject is centered in the relationship between the power system evolution and space production
Boutet, Annabelle. "L'Aménagement régional des agglomérations par les conseils régionaux : étude des contrats d'agglomération en régions Centre et Bourgogne." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR1801.
Full textThrough the analysis of the " contrats d'agglomération " in Centre and Bourgogne, this doctoral research aim at identifying the planning produced and the rules followed by the " conseils régionaux " for the planning of " agglomérations ". Here, "agglomerations" are considered with "pays" as one of regional spaces components, in the spirit of planning underlied by "Voynet" (25/06/1999), "Chevènement" (12/07/1999), "Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbains" (13/12/2000) and "Urbanisme-Habitat" (02/07/2003) laws. The exam of 11 "contrats d'agglomérations" process, based on the analysis of 47 interviews and 197 documents, shows some planning produced regularity and a higher variety of rules followed from the "conseils régionaux". Those teachings bring us to wonder again about the pertinence of regional spaces for planning, about the ability to plan of "conseils régionaux" and about contractual planning policies
Pageot, Caroline. "L'élargissement de l'Otan : étude de cas de la Croatie (1991 à nos jours)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24213/24213.pdf.
Full textThis master’s thesis focuses on NATO enlargement by a case study of Croatia candidature. The author examines how NATO’s enlargement to Croatia is representative of the organization transformation and of the new role taken currently in the post-Yalta system. Starting from this initial questioning, the author analyzes the historical meaning of this politico-ideological transformation of North Atlantic Alliance and by centering this study on a concrete case, she examines the adequacy between the great principles of enlargement and their real historical application. The author analyzes finally the significance of the political and military conditionalities imposed on Croatia for its adhesion. Ultimately, she evaluates its candidature and shows how this prospect for enlargement is an integral part of a NATO strategy for the Balkans. This research falls within the field of History of International Relations. Micro-History and Immediate History have inspired the methodological choices and historical approach developed here.
França, Vera Regina Veiga. "Communication et socialité : le journalisme au-delà de l'information, étude du journal Estado de Minas et de la mineiridade." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H019.
Full textSilva, de Pontes Denio Igor. "Une étude sur les modèles de gouvernance des zones industrielles et portuaires par l'économie des proximités : les cas du Pecém au Brésil et de Fos-sur-Mer en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0144/document.
Full textWe are interested in the question of the interactions between the actors located in a geographical agglomeration of the industrial-port zone (ZIP) type, thus triggering processes of cooperation and construction of territorial organization networks. According to this reasoning, we are interested in works that seek to trace the emergence of concepts of proximity economics and territorial governance. We will take into account approaches to reaffirm the value of interactions and the territorial dimension on economic activities. We start from the observation that "the propensity to interact with others is a fundamental characteristic of man" (Fujita and Thisse, 2003, p.25). Thus, we share with Bourdeau-Lepage and Huriot (2009) the idea that proximity reflects the greater or lesser ease of entering into a relationship, and therefore of interacting
Halloum, Sinan. "Economie touristique et capital social : une étude de l'offre dans la région côtière syrienne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE005/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a multidimensional analysis of the effect of social capital on the tourism sector dynamics at the territorial level. The objective of this work is to question the capacity of local actors to mobilize their stocks of social capital in a dynamic of development of the tourism offer based on local resources. For this we use the theoretical framework of social capital theory as well as the territorial economy, in order to illuminate new perspectives on the potential of tourism development based on local resources. This framework is applied to the understanding of the links between social capital and the tourist offer in a seaside resort of the Syrian coastal region. To enable us to see the role of social capital in the dynamics of the local tourism offer in the studied seaside resort, we proceed with the development of an indicator of '' the effect of social capital on the tourist offer ''. We also present a study of a network of actors from the resort engaged in the same activity. In this study we discern how norms and principles such as reciprocity or reputation affect the activity of actors.Different levels of conclusions can be drawn from our work: on the role of social capital in the transformation of the local economy; or on the importance of the family in financing tourism projects; or on the deficiency of institutional capital
Delprat, Philippe. "Le comité régional de reconnaissance des maladies professionnelles : bilan des trois premières années de fonctionnement : étude de 12 cas, des statistiques nationales et régionales." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M140.
Full textBenoit, Olivier. "Les chambres régionales des comptes : étude d'une institutionnalisation." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100173.
Full textBased on a solid empirical research, mixing ethnographical observations in several chambres of Paris and province, interviews with the agents (79 interviewed people) and archives (photographies, architectural maps, official discourses), this study tries to apprehend the social mechanisms of the institutional emergence and consolidation of the chambres régionales des comptes, that were created by the decentralisation-laws in 1982-83. In a first part, we take an interest in the social and symbolic significations of the material structures of the chambres régionales des comptes. In the following parts, relying on the social characteristics of the members of the chambres and on the internai and external balance of powers that runs through and structures the chambres, we try to understand the practical and symbolic orientation of the institution that has to be taken as a varied lot of socially and institutionally situated agents' own knowledge, know-how and believes. By replacing the emerging institution in an institutional frame of concurrence, from a local or an national point of view, it is possible to understand the specific attributes of the chambres and the choices of financial controls. The mediatisation of the products of the chambres as a condition of the extension of their social validity and recognition also holds our attention. From a precise and delimited empirical object, these analyse enables to have an original view on the genesis of an institution and, beyond, to have a better knowledge not only on the contemporary State and its eventual transformations, but also on the civil servants and their relations with political men