Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Étude théorique'
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Diarra, Mamadou Marcel. "Étude théorique de nanofils semiconducteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10010/document.
Full textRecent breakthroughs in the growth of semiconductor nanowires (SNWs) have opened up great opportunities for nanoscale device applications. SNWs remain semiconducting independent oftheir diameter and orientation, giving the ability to control their properties by doping. Therefore a large number of experimental works have addressed the problem of doping and of its modulation in SNWs. While there is no doubt that p- and n-type SNWs can be produced, the question of how their electrical conductivity depends on the doping level remains largely open. ln fact, most of the works showing good transport properties concern SNWs doped with high impurity concentration, near or above the Mott density. ln order to investigate the doping efficiency in SNWs, we present calculations of the electronic structure of donor and acceptor impurities in Si nanowires. We show that their ionization energy increases due to the confinement, the quantum confinement at small sizes (diameter < 5 nm) and above aIl the so-called dielectric confinement which occurs when there is an important dielectric mismatch between the wire and its surrounding. For SNWs embedded in a material with a low dielectric constant, we obtain that the impurities cannot be ionized at room temperature even for diameters up to several tens of nanometers. We explain the origin of this behavior by considering the effect of the impurity potential and of the self-energy of the carrier, and we make predictions for the ionization energy in different configurations. These results allow us to conclude on the necessity to use heavy doping to obtain good electrical properties in SNWs
Diarra, Mamadou Marcel. "Étude théorique de nanofils semiconducteurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10010.
Full textRecent breakthroughs in the growth of semiconductor nanowires (SNWs) have opened up great opportunities for nanoscale device applications. SNWs remain semiconducting independent oftheir diameter and orientation, giving the ability to control their properties by doping. Therefore a large number of experimental works have addressed the problem of doping and of its modulation in SNWs. While there is no doubt that p- and n-type SNWs can be produced, the question of how their electrical conductivity depends on the doping level remains largely open. ln fact, most of the works showing good transport properties concern SNWs doped with high impurity concentration, near or above the Mott density. ln order to investigate the doping efficiency in SNWs, we present calculations of the electronic structure of donor and acceptor impurities in Si nanowires. We show that their ionization energy increases due to the confinement, the quantum confinement at small sizes (diameter < 5 nm) and above aIl the so-called dielectric confinement which occurs when there is an important dielectric mismatch between the wire and its surrounding. For SNWs embedded in a material with a low dielectric constant, we obtain that the impurities cannot be ionized at room temperature even for diameters up to several tens of nanometers. We explain the origin of this behavior by considering the effect of the impurity potential and of the self-energy of the carrier, and we make predictions for the ionization energy in different configurations. These results allow us to conclude on the necessity to use heavy doping to obtain good electrical properties in SNWs
Mathivon, Kévin, and Kévin Mathivon. "Étude théorique de l'interaction molécule - substrat." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968128.
Full textChe, Xiaoyang. "Étude théorique de matériaux pérovskites halogénées." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S040/document.
Full textThis actual work is entirely devoted to the study of halide perovskite materials, promising materials in many fields of application, by means of the Density Functional Theory. The "hybrid" feature of this type of material is illustrated through various studies of their structural and electronic properties. The three-dimensional compound CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is firstly presented. Basic electronic properties such as band structures, projected density of states or wave functions are discussed. In addition, the importance of spin-orbit coupling is highlighted. Symmetry analysis is applied to understand and interpret the optical properties of different materials. Structural reconstructions on the surface of the crystals lead the Rashba-Dresselhaus effects. In addition, surface defects and their passivations are also studied. Studies on lead-free materials that are potentially less toxic are proposed in a second step. These studies aim to analyze their potentials for photovoltaic devices from the point of view of electronic structures. Different substitution strategies, ranging from the simple replacement of lead to other more elaborate alternatives such as double perovskites or low-dimensional perovskites are investigated as well
Greff, Isabelle. "Schémas boîte : étude théorique et numérique." Metz, 2003. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/documents/archives0/00/00/59/22/index_fr.html.
Full textThe main objet of this thesis is the theoretical and numerical analysis of box schemes. In the case of elliptic problems, the basic principle is to average the two continuous equations given by the mixed form of the problem, onto the boxes of the mesh. Box schemes belong to the category of so-called mixed Petrov-Galerkin finite volume methods. Firstly, I studied the 2D mixed form of the Poisson problem with a box scheme on triangular or quadrangular meshes. As part of the research group MoMaS for deep ground repositories of radioactive wastes, the potential interest of box schemes for unstationary convection-diffusion problems has been tested. A box scheme has been designed for the 1D equation. Two kinds of upwinding are introduced, each one being designed to cure the two classical oscillations sources present in the approximation of convective-diffusion equations. The generalization to the 2D case is perfomed using an ADI-like method
Maillard, André. "Étude expérimentale et théorique du découpage." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD429.
Full textMathivon, Kévin. "Étude théorique de l'interaction molécule - substrat." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1125/document.
Full textThis thesis concern the understanding at the atomic level of physicochemical processes occurring at interfaces and dilute phases. First, we studied the interaction between the 1,4- diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) molecule and a rare gas atom (He, Ne, Ar, Kr). We conducted a systematic analysis of these complexes, and we concluded that the MP2 method with a diffuse basis set is accurate to describe the system DABCO – Ar. The potential energy surfaces of DABCO – rare gas complexes were calculated, which allowed us to reatribuate the experimental spectra of these species. Then, we focused on DABCO – Arn (n = 2, 3, 4) neutral and ionic clusters. We have shown that the DABCO interacted with argon atoms and undergoes deformation due to the effect of the weak interaction on his vibrational modes. Subsequently, we studied the lowest electronic states of DABCO – Arn (n = 1, 2, 3). Our results can be extended to the qualitative interpretation of spectroscopic and dynamic studies of absorbed DABCO in large argon clusters. Finally, we studied the interaction between imidazole and a gold surface with CO2. We have shown that the imidazole molecule binds to the gold surface by a covalent bond between the nitrogen atom and a gold atom, and van der Waals interactions between hydrogen atoms and the gold surface. We determined that the preferred site for the imidazole – gold interaction is the top site. This interaction allows a charge transfer from the imidazole to the gold surface, which affects the capture of CO2 (about 50% lower compared to the interaction Im – CO2). But increase number of imidazole molecules on the gold surface could lead to a stronger bond between CO2 and imidazole
Ouerfelli, Ghofrane. "Étude théorique de collisions d’intérêt interstellaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0224/document.
Full textThe Herschel Space Observatory satellite has permitted to detect light in the far infrared, corresponding to frequencies at which molecules emit light through rotational transitions. ALMA, an interferomete rlocated on the Chilean desert of Acatama took over Herschel and will allow new observations of cold molecular clouds with an accurate angular accuracy. ALMA observes in the range of millimeter andsub-millimeter which makes it complementary to the Satellite Herschel (far infrared). These significant advances in observing particle interactions at the microscopic level, to produce and trap diatomic molecules in specific internal states, open new perspectives in the field of collision physics and theoretical chemistry.Observation of interstellar molecules has benefited from advances in astronomy, to identify vibrational rotational ransitions of molecules. Furthermore, spectroscopic data provide us with important information on the state of the interstellar medium: ionized or neutral.The cation methylidene CH + was observed in the diffuse medium through its X1Σ + -A1Π electronictransition. It plays an important role in the different stages of the complex chemical behaviour through processes and molecular reactions that occur in interstellar and circumstellar regions. So CH+ launches large chain chemical processes that can progress to the formation of more complex species.The fine structure transition of C +; is the strongest emission line of the Milky Way. The C + ion is atracer of density and temperature in diffuse clouds and regions dominated by photons (PDR). The C +line is an important tool to probe the gas content and star formation processes in the Milky Way andother galaxies.C+ + H2 collisions can lead to the formation of CH +. This reaction has been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally, however, it is endothermic by 3211cm-1 and at the typical temperatures for MIS and H2 in its ground vibrational state, the reaction does not occur. The only process is then the C + spin-orbit excitation process.Spin orbit relaxation C + (2P1 / 2) + H 2 (v j) = C + (2P3 / 2) + H 2 (v0; j0) which was first studied inthis thesis contributes to the cooling of the gas constituting the interstellar clouds.The vibrational excitation of H2 (v> 0), which takes place during collisions with C + has a significant influence on the abundance of CH +. CH + is a highly reactive ion, it is destroyed by the abstractionreaction of hydrogen that has been considered in this work. It is therefore interesting to accurately assess the effectiveness of this path of destruction. The dilemma is that this ion is also abundantly found in the neutral and cold environment.This thesis focuses on the inelastic and reactive collisions studies of interstellar interest. We used ab initio highly correlated methods to tackle the electronic structure parts. Moreover, the nuclear dynamics of the systems was studied using a time independent quantum formalism, based on the Jacobi coordinates in the case of the spin-orbit excitation of C + (2P) + ortho H2, and para-H2 and rotational excitation of (+ CD) + He, or the hyper spherical coordinates for the reactive process in the case of the abstraction of a hydrogen in H + CH +.Our concern was to give a comprehensive basis of the mechanisms and provide a quantification of the effective spin-orbit relaxation cross sections and reaction rates to confront with spectroscopic observations. The new rate constants we obtained should help to better interpret the observations of C+ radiation emissions obtained by current and future telescopes
Béchet, Fabien. "Étude théorique et numérique des singularités en théorie des coques minces élastiques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-B_chet.pdf.
Full textArtola, Pierre-Arnaud. "Étude théorique et numérique de l'effet Soret." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528058.
Full textSellier, Alexandre. "Absorbants à métamatériaux : étude théorique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060182.
Full textIosti, Simon. "Une étude modèle-théorique du formalisme tannakien." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10106/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we define and study a formalism which allows one to work on Tannakian questions for groups defined over generalized differential rings, which generalize both differential rings and difference rings. We define a notion of differential Tanakian category which is similar to the usual Tannakian formalism, adding a structure which permits to describe the differential structure induced by the generalized differential. We then study the model-theoretical properties of the resulting categories, realizing the Tannakian group associated to a category as a model-theoretical binding group. In the last chapter, we study the notion of universe associated to a first-order structure, and we introduce a topology in this context, which is reminiscent of the topology on the spaces of types in first-order Model Theory. We also study the notion of binding groupoid from the point of view of universes
Bercegeay, Carole. "Étude théorique des alliages binaires tantale-tungstène." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0280.
Full textThe aim was to calculate melting temperatures of Ta-W binary alloys. Firstly we calculated equilibrium properties (equations of state, elastic constants, formation energies) at 0 K for pure metals and Ta1-xWx intermetallic compounds, in the framework of DFT by using pseudopotentials. These ab initio data were used to fit a MEAM-2NN potential to represent the interactions between tantalum and tungsten atoms in Ta-W alloys. The obtained cross-potential was then used in molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the melting temperatures of Ta-W alloys. The melting temperature predicted for tantalum by the fitted potential agree with the experimental value. But for tungsten the results disagree strongly with the experiment: the predicted melting temperature is over estimated by 1000 K. It induces an error in the prediction of melting temperatures for Ta-W alloys. Our attempts to improve the MEAM potential for tungsten have only permitted to reduce the difference by 200 K
Papailhou, Marc. "Spectre électronique : étude théorique des structures vibrationnelles." Pau, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PAUU1004.
Full textPernot, Pascal. "Étude théorique de la photodissociation du nitrométhane." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112346.
Full textVersaevel, Philippe. "Combustion laminaire diphasique : étude théorique et expérimentale." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0484.
Full textBenboureche, Malika. "Étude expérimentale et théorique de l'activité NDPK de foie de boeuf en solution : Étude théorique de l'activité en réacteur compartimenté." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD160.
Full textBarnes, Loic. "Étude théorique des saccharides : structures et spectres infrarouges." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1152/document.
Full textOur work aims to develop a method to allow the sequencing of oligosaccharides, which are biopolymers playing a key role in the field of Health as in several industrial fields such as energy or nutrition.The methods used for sequencing proteins are limited in the study of oligosaccharides.However, we show that the combination of action spectroscopy experimental method (IRMPD) and theoretical calculations is a promising method to sequence oligosaccharides.Our theoretical method consist of obtaining minima of the potential energy surface.The infrared spectra of these minima are computed with DFT and a large basis.The calculated spectra are then compared to the experimental ones to gain informations on the structure of the compounds or on the composition of the mixture in the sample.Our approach combining theoretical computations to IRMPD measurements is particularly effective to obtain the structures of mono and disaccharides present in the sample.Moreover, it allows to identify specific signatures of anomers and conformers
Jallade, Sophie. "Étude théorique et numérique de l'instabilité de Görtler." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT007H.
Full textFougère, Denis. "La recherche d'emploi : analyse théorique et étude économétrique." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10063.
Full textFirstly we present the partial patterns of looking for a job. These patterns enable us to define the optimal strategies of the workers' search, when they have uncomplete informations about the features of the provided jobs (wages, average duration, non wage advantages) and when the environment of search (i. E. Distributions of the features of jobs, instantaneous probability of their receiving job offers, cost of searches) is supposed to be stationery and known by the workers. The theoretical analysis issues in a longitudinal approach of individual mobility in the labour market. The main econometric procedures which enable us to test the predictions of the patterns of the search for a job. The statistical patterns of survival are particularly emphasized, then they are used to measure the effects of relevant variables upon the individual durations of unemployement and employment
Gatt, Jean-Marie. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la déformation progressive." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2095.
Full textThoumazet, Claire Marie. "Nouveaux ligands phospoles : coordination, catalyse et étude théorique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0029.
Full textBen, Rejeb Slim. "Étude théorique et numérique de quelques problèmes cinétiques." Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0029.
Full textBellili, Ayad. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de molécules d’intérêt astrochimique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1087/document.
Full textIn this thesis we studied the acetyl cyanide molecule (H3CCOCN denoted AC) given the astrochemistry interest. We presented the results of measurements performed in the Synchrotron SOLEIL where we measured the photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectra and the SPES spectra. We also performed very sophisticated ab initio calculations in order to assign these spectra.In addition, we explored the potential energy surface (PES) of acetyl cyanide and its cation using standard (CCSD(T)) and explicitly correlated (CCSD(T)-F12) methods and more precise methods as CCSD(T)/CBS+CV. A set of specific spectroscopic parameters (vibration and rotation) was also calculated. The performed calculations included enolic tautomers which can be formed within the covered excitation energies used studied in this thesis. We deduce the branching ratios for the ions which can be formed (H3CCOCN+, H3CCO+ and H2CCO+) as a function of the photon excitation energy.This study allowed us to provide deduce a high resolution spectroscopic data which are essential for the interpretation of astrophysical observations. Our calculations reveal unimolecular decomposition H3CCOCN+ is very complex
Mamane, Alexandre. "Transport intracellulaire par des moteurs moléculaires : étude théorique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066728/document.
Full textWe study two intracellular transport phenomena. They are powered by molecular motors. Motors general mechanisms are understood, but their interactions leads to emerging properties, and some of them have specialised functions.In the first part, we study the extraction of membrane tubes by myosin 1b supported by actin bundles. Myosin 1b is a non processive motor with catch bond property. It is implied in membrane trafficking at the Golgi apparatus level. We model this phenomenon in the frame of a collaboration with experimentalists. We show that catch bond effect induces a regime where tube extraction requires a giant length fluctuation, and the minimal number of motors allowing extraction is decreased. Tubes extracted by non processive motors do not show oscillatory regime. During tube growth motors can deplete with non processive motors. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations.In the second part we study in collaboration with experimentalists the cytoplasmic streaming in C.elegans. Its function is supposed to be the mixing the cytoplasm. Its orientation reverses stochastically. Its movement is supported by microtubules and kinesins, that drive the endoplasmic reticulum at the cortical level. We model this phenomenon and show that the transition toward streaming is a spontaneous spatial symetry breaking. Our predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The parameters values of the system optimize flow fluctuations, this could be the mechanism driving the mixing. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations
Michallet, Hervé. "Étude théorique et expérimentale des ondes solitaires interfaciales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10233.
Full textScheid, Jean-François. "Étude théorique et numérique de l'évolution morphologique d'interfaces." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112027.
Full textNdome, Hameth. "Étude théorique des collisions réactives entre espèces diatomiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0375.
Full textGaaloul, Naceur. "Étude théorique de la manipulation laser d'atomes froids." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112339.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is the theoretical study of the laser manipulation of cold atomic ensembles. The purpose is to improve the control over external degrees of freedom and to propose new schemes of atom optics. The first step consists in modelizing an experiment of a cold atoms beam-splitter working in the gravitational field. The evolution of the atomic populations in the time-dependant light potentials is obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation. This resolution is performed by a temporal propagation of translational wave-packets. Improvements of the efficiency of the beam-splitter are proposed as well as a scheme of a coId atoms deflector functioning in a free fall configuration. The model was then extended to the case of Bose-Einstein condensates. The dynamics of the system is then governed by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and its resolution gives access to the evolution of the condensate wave function. A quantum degenerate gases deflector is proposed and its characteristics are explored within realistic conditions. The last part of the thesis deals with the study of Bose-Einstein condensation in light potentials shaped by spatial light modulators (SLM). The specificities of these potentials are studied and compared with harmonic potentials normally used in condensation experiments. This study is based on realistic experimental data and emphasizes the interest in using such systems to obtain and manipulate quantum degenerate gases
Batllo, Valérie. "Rencontre comète-planète : étude théorique et comparaisons méthodologiques." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1997. https://hal.science/tel-02154118.
Full textThe study of the origin and evolution of the currently know short-period comets is a complex issue. Nevertheless, it is based on a simple idea : the comets would reach their current orbit after deep encounters and perturbations due to the jovian planets. Since about four centuries, a lot of scientists have treated this problem with theoretical methods or, recently, by numerical integration of the comets motion. The objective of my work was to evolve a theoretical model of encounter comet-planet, to apply it to the 155 known short-period comets and to compare the achieved results to those provided by numerical integration. In fact, the scenario of encounter I considered is associated to a shock defined by Poincaré, consequently to a quasi-collision of two bodies occurring through a tiny lapse of time. A comet with a conic orbit O1 meets close to one of its vertices a planet, breaks up if it crosses the Roche limit and generates one or several comets with an orbit O2. The initial vertex becomes one of the vertices of the final orbit. Moreover, I assumed that the orbital plane of the comet was unchanged by the encounter. The numerical results have shown that some comets have had a near-parabolic initial orbit, and initial orbit beyond the Neptune’s one, have been under the successive influence of several planets or have seemed to remain in the neighborhood of the same planet. The comparisons with the numerical integration agreed with a such sample of orbits
Guérin, Thomas. "Comportement collectif de moteurs moléculaires : une étude théorique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077240.
Full textSeveral theories and experiments suggest that molecular motor assemblies can display complex behavior such as bidirectional motion and oscillations, possibly with important role in several biological Systems. We study theoretically these collective phenomena. First, we investigate two existing theories: the rigid two-state model and the ""crossbridge" model. We plot diagrams that summarize the accessible regimes of oscillations, we characterize the non-linear response of a motor assembly, and we compare our theoretical results with experiments. We also establish a link between oscillations generated by molecular motors assemblies and stick-slip oscillations appearing in a model of friction. Then, we introduce a new model describing molecular motor assemblies: the soft-motor model. This model predicts the existence of two distinct instability regimes, and establishes an explicit link between the rigid two-state model and the "crossbridge" model we have described before. In our model, the key parameter describes the pinning of the motors inside the potential wells created by the filament. This parameter also plays an important role in the single-state version of our model, which is a classical model of solid friction. Solid friction disappears in our theory, but its signature is found in a discontinuity of the slope of the force-velocity relation. Finally, we study the noise in molecular motor assemblies. Although the detailed balance condition is not satisfied, we show that it is possible to define an effective potential by doing a WKB approximation, which enables us to obtain an analytical expression for the reversal time in the problem of bidirectional motion
Ruchon, Thierry. "INTERACTION MAGNÉTOCHIRALE : ÉTUDE THÉORIQUE ET EXPÉRIENCES DANS LES LASERS." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541349.
Full textRichou, Adrien. "Étude théorique et numérique des équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543719.
Full textPoignand, Gaelle. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'un réfrigérateur thermo-acoustique «compact»." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319014.
Full textD'une part, dans le cadre des études menées sur la miniaturisation des systèmes thermoacoustiques, avec pour objectif l'évacuation de la chaleur des composants électroniques, une nouvelle architecture de réfrigérateurs thermoacoustiques est étudiée. Ce réfrigérateur, qui est dit "compact" car ses dimensions sont ramenées à celle de l'empilement, offre la possibilité de générer indépendamment les champs de vitesse particulaire et de pression acoustique à partir de quatre sources sonores. Ainsi, un champ acoustique optimal, qui est différent de celui obtenu dans un réfrigérateur à ondes stationnaires, peut être généré dans ce système. Ce type de réfrigérateur est étudié analytiquement et expérimentalement. Une modélisation du champ acoustique dans l'empilement d'un système compact en fonction des débits des sources, ou en fonction des tensions électriques fournies à ces sources, est proposée. La caractérisation expérimentale en terme de champ de vitesse particulaire (mesuré par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler et Vélocimétrie par Images de Particules), et de température d'une maquette décimétrique, pour différents points de fonctionnement, est ensuite présentée. Un comportement thermique, plus complexe que celui obtenu dans un système à ondes stationnaires, est observé. Ce comportement pouvant se traduire par une diminution de ses performances, des améliorations du système sont proposées en vue de sa miniaturisation.
D'autre part, dans le cadre des études menées en thermoacoustique afin d'améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes physiques qui prennent place dans les systèmes, un modèle analytique du comportement en régime transitoire des réfrigérateurs thermoacoustiques classiques est mis en place. Ce modèle permet d'obtenir l'évolution temporelle de la température en tous points de l'empilement en prenant en compte les effets du flux de chaleur thermoacoustique le long de l'empilement de plaques, du flux de chaleur par conduction retour dans les plaques de l'empilement et dans le fluide, des pertes thermiques à travers les parois du tube, de l'échauffement dû aux frottements visqueux dans l'empilement, et des pertes thermiques à chacune des extrémités de l'empilement. Ce modèle est utilisé pour interpréter qualitativement le comportement transitoire d'un prototype de réfrigérateurs observé lors d'études expérimentales antérieures et permet en particulier d'interpréter les rôles joués par les différents flux de chaleur mis en jeu.
Chelcea, Sergiu. "Classification Ascendante 2-3 Hiérarchique : étude théorique et applicative." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00156809.
Full textCette thèse porte sur une extension récente de la Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique, appelée Classification Ascendante 2-3 Hiérarchique et proposé par P. Bertrand en 2002, avec en vue son application au domaine de la Fouille de Données.
Les trois contributions majeures de cette thèse résident dans l'étude théorique des 2-3 hiérarchies (appelées aussi paired hierarchies), dans le nouvel algorithme de 2-3 CAH avec son implémentation et dans la première étude applicative de cette méthode dans deux domaines de la Fouille de Données.
Notre étude théorique inclut la découverte de quatre nouvelles propriétés théoriques des 2-3 hiérarchies et les définitions des liens d'agrégation entre les classes pour ce type de structure. Ceci nous a aussi permis de mettre en évidence un cas spécial de fusion des classes et d'introduire une étape intermédiaire dans la construction des 2-3 hiérarchies. L'étude exhaustive et systématique des cas possibles nous a permis de formuler les meilleurs choix concernant le lien d'agrégation et l'indexation de la structure, avec en vue l'amélioration de la qualité des 2-3 hiérarchies.
Dans un deuxième temps, basé sur notre étude et contributions théoriques, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme général de Classification Ascendante 2-3 Hiérarchique. Ceci représente la concrétisation de notre travail précédent, aboutissant à un algorithme performant, qui explore plusieurs possibilités du modèle 2-3 hiérarchique. Une analyse théorique de la complexité de notre algorithme a montré que la complexité a été réduite de O(n3) dans l'algorithme initial de 2-3 CAH à O(n2 log n) pour notre algorithme. Les comparaisons des 2-3 hiérarchies avec les hiérarchies classiques obtenues sur différents ensembles de données (réels et simulés), ont validé l'analyse de complexité par les temps d'exécution. En plus, des résultats très satisfaisants ont été obtenus en analysant la "qualité" des 2-3 hiérarchies comparées aux hiérarchies classiques : jusqu'au 50% de classes en plus et un gain maximum de 84% en utilisant l'indice de Stress.
Nous avons ensuite proposé un modèle orienté-objet de notre algorithme de 2-3 CAH, qui a été intégré dans une boite à outils ``Hierarchical Clustering Toolbox'' (HCT) que nous avons développée pour la visualisation des méthodes ascendantes hiérarchiques de classification. Ce modèle a été également intégré comme méthode d'indexation des cas dans la plateforme de Raisonnement à Partir de Cas (RàPC), CBR*Tools, développé à l'INRIA Sophia Antipolis, et utilisé pour la conception des systèmes de recommandations.
Notre dernière contribution concerne une toute première étude de l'utilisation de notre algorithme de 2-3 CAH sur des données réelles relevant de deux domaines de la Fouille des Données : le Web Mining et la Classification de Documents XML. Celle-ci a donné lieu à des résultats intéressants et portait sur la comparaison de la classification 2-3 hiérarchique des équipes de recherche de l'INRIA en utilisant soit le comportement des utilisateurs sur leur sites Web, soit leur rapport annuel d'activité écrit en XML, par rapport à la structure organisationnelle existante en thèmes de recherche.
Pour conclure, nous montrons que ce sujet est loin d'être épuisé et nous proposons plusieurs pistes de recherche future relatives à la Classification Ascendante 2-3 Hiérarchique ainsi qu'à notre boite à outils HCT, développée pendant cette thèse.
Millet, Martial. "Étude théorique de processus cohérents danc les alcalino-terreux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002556.
Full textMegi, Fabien. "Étude théorique d'agrégats soumis à des champs laser intenses." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011994.
Full textPremièrement nous proposons d'ajouter un terme d'amortissement avec la surface au modèle nanoplasma original de T.Ditmire et al. (1996). Nous comparons diverses observables expérimentales (xénon) et étudions l'évolution des états de charge avec la taille ou l'éclairement.
Deuxièmement nous proposons un modèle microscopique de dynamique moléculaire à trois dimensions robuste en l'absence d'excitation. L'émission électronique à 10^11 W/cm^2 (sodium) se compare à celle obtenue par d'autres modèles tels que le modèle VUU-LDA. Les électrons de coeur sont émis à partir de 5 10^15 W/cm^2. Les événements rares sont accessibles et nous montrons que l'explosion ionique de type coulombien est autosimilaire (10^16 W/cm^2). Enfin, l'émission électronique (gaz rare) est comparée avec le modèle nanoplasma.
Rabou, Patrick. "Étude théorique et expérimentale du signal de l'instrument "Hipparcos"." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112127.
Full textThis thesis presents the study of the signal of the space astrometry satellite HIPPARCOS, whose mission is the construction of a 100,000 stars astrometric characteristics catalog, with a 0,002 arc second mean accuracy. The theoretical study of the signal detected when a star crosses the modulation grids is displayed and the accuracy of the results is discussed. The optical set-up realized for the signal simulation is described, the accuracy of the results is studied, and then we give the results and their comparison with the theoretical simulation. To conclude, one strikes the balance of the work that has been carried out and the interest of the results for the HIPPARCOS experiment modelling is shown
Fassy, Florence. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'un cycle de substrats ternaire." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD523.
Full textHancard, Olivier. "Le défi technologique : analyse théorique et étude de cas." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010045.
Full textTechnological progress and its corollaries, technical improvement and scientific progress, constitute an analytical trilogy, which determine some empirical economic stakes as some theoretical and conceptual challenges. After having developed a critical reading of the "usual" theoretical discussion, we open this debate to neo-darwinist concepts. The procedure, not totally fruitless, comes up against its own bounds. Therefore, we choose then to argue about constitution of a "macroeconomic analysis of knowledge production". We define macroeconomic efficiency of the "cognitive production" (the production of a new knowledge whose assimilation is cognition), by an equilibrium between two antagonist dynamics : "diffusion" and "germination". Subsequently, we build another model about strategic "over-germination" of national scientific and technological policies under pressure of international technological rivalries. We also propose some theoretical reflexions about astonishing forms of R&D strategies, and about the cognitive economic nature of different kinds of products (by using a conceptual distinction between the "artisan craft", the "artist production" and the "industrial product"). We are coming up to problems concerning the value theory. Then, we overcome the theoretical discussion to face some empirical technological challenges. Internationally, we first compare R&D dynamics, before studying three "micro-technological challenges" (innovation on metals, work of metals and polymers), and, finally, two microeconomic subjects (a case of joint r&d between independant firms, a description of the small technological French firm)
Chebchoub, Assia. "Données aberrantes en régression : étude théorique, programmation et applications." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066139.
Full textGalland, Nicolas. "Étude théorique de la réactivité élémentaire du bore atomique." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12514.
Full textMercy, Maxime. "Coordination et réactivité des ligands bifonctionnels, une étude théorique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/990/.
Full textThe theoretical study of two differents bifunctional ligands was carried out by density functional theory (DFT). The first study, conducted in collaboration with an experimental team, put forward the coordination mode of Z-ligand supported by ambiphilic ligands on d10 metal complexes. In particular, we studied the nature of the interaction metal-Lewis acid, by combining several theoretical methods (OM, NBO, AIM). The variation of this interaction has been studied by varying metal center (metals from groupe X and XI), ligand (triphosphine, diphosphine) and Lewis acid (atom group XIII). The second study concerns the study of the catalyzed polymerization of olefins by a constrained geometry complexes with a phosphazene ligand directly attached to a fluorenyl or an indenyl. As a predictive point of view, we explored the reaction profiles of different d0 complexes (Zr, Y, La, Eu). We have shown the strong influence of steric factors caused by the ligands, and also by the metallic radius
Berger, Eric. "Endommagement de matériaux viscoplastiques : étude théorique et simulations numériques." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG4208.
Full textWarakulwit, Chompunuch. "Fonctionnalisations de nanaotubes de carbone : étude expérimentale et théorique." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13475.
Full textHaro, Poniatowski Emmanuel. "Étude expérimentale et théorique de l'anharmonicité dans le silicium." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066066.
Full textLebranchu, Yannick. "Étude d'ondes non linéaires hydrodynamiques : approches théorique et expérimentale." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL005N/document.
Full textA first part is devoted to the study of the Rossby waves that appear in a rotating spherical shell representing the core of a terrestrial planet by thermal instabilities for two heating types. Internal heating is driven by radioactive sources and differential heating is driven by a difference of temperature between the internal and external frontiers. According to the Proudman-Taylor theorem, the flow depends only weakly on the axial coordinate because of the high rotation rate. Thus the 3D models can be simplified into quasi-geostrophic 2D models \textit{via} an axial integration. I present the first systematic comparison between 2D and 3D models (Simitev, U-Glasgow) for weakly nonlinear Rossby waves. In 2D the Landau equation that controls the amplitude of the critical wave is calculated. Predicted convection' amplitude and zonal flows agree rather well with the 3D results. The existence of a subcritical bifurcation is established at very low Ekman numbers with internal and differential heating; in this latter case, the Prandtl number also has to be small for the bifurcation to be subcritical. The second part is an experimental study of water flows and its first instabilities in an annular channel digged in a plate which may rotate, and which is sheared by a rotating lid. Three cases are studied: a pure shear where only the lid turns, a rapid corotation and a pure contrarotation. The onset of instability is studied with global measurements (using a video camera) and local ones (Laser Doppler Anemometry) and is characterized by spiralling waves. In the case of contrarotation, patterns localized in space and time may coexist with the waves. The comparison of these results with numerical ones (Serre, CNRS-Marseille) is done and shows a rather good agreement for the basic azimutal flow and the first instability (critical Reynolds number, wavenumber and angular frequency)
Gérard, Antoine. "Cristallisation du bicarbonate de sodium : étude pratique et théorique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0072.
Full textRecently, there is an increased demand for sodium bicarbonate crystals with specific properties. In the present study, the crystallization reaction of sodium bicarbonate is performed in a three-phase medium in which many phenomena such as mass transfer, nucleation and crystal growth occurred. The objective of this work is to study the impact of operating parameters, additives and reactor technology on the crystallization of sodium bicarbonate in order to obtain crystals with important size and high bulk density. The experiments carried out in a MSMPR (Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal) reactor have shown that the addition of calcium through a calcium chloride solution in the reaction mixture improves the crystal morphology, reduces the nucleation rate and weakly influences the crystal growth rate. When a mixture of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) and calcium chloride is used, more compact crystals with smoother surfaces and marked edges are obtained. Conversely, the use of calcium chelating additives such as calcium citrate affects the quality of sodium bicarbonate crystals and thus is prohibited for industrial use because the filtration and drying steps are much more difficult. Finally, the transposition from a MSMPR reactor to a fluidized bed reactor allows, under the same operating conditions, a significant improvement of the solid quality by producing big spheroidal particles
Drabo, Daouda. "Pratiques monétaires et dynamiques hyperinflationnistes : étude historique et théorique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCG002.
Full textThis thesis seeks to define a typology of the hyperinflationary crises based on the study of several cases observed in history, but also in terms parallel monetary practices of economic actors. It also seeks to find an alternative solution about the hyperinflationary phenomenon. In its theoretical dimension, this thesis mobilizes post-Kenesian, neo-structuralist and institutionalist theoretical framework. In its historical and comparative dimension, it studies several cases observed in history to determine a typology of the phenomenon hyperinflationary — which has allowed to distinguish two main types of hyperinflation. As a way out of hyperinflation, this thesis comes up with a system (money-index system) capable of modifying monetary practices so as to restore local currency and the monetary sovereignty
Gatelier, Nicolas. "Étude expérimentale et théorique de l'endommagement des roches anisotropes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10009.
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