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Journal articles on the topic 'EU emissions policy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Macdonald, Douglas Charles, Asya Bidordinova, and Avet Khachatryan. "Rising Subnational Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Challenge to Meeting Federal Climate Policy." Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies 14, no. 2 (2021): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjers.v14i2.2770.

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Policy makers in federated countries and the EU seeking to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions face a challenge when emissions are rising in some subnational jurisdictions. The magnitude of that challenge is influenced by the portion of total emissions represented by those jurisdictions, the rate of change in that portion, and the political power of those jurisdictions. This phenomenon is examined by a comparison of the role of rising-emission jurisdictions in the EU and Canada. We define a “rising-emission jurisdiction” as one in which emissions were higher in 2018 than in 1990, regardless

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2

Valodka, Ignas, Vytautas Snieška, and Antonio Mihi-Ramirez. "Impact of the International Trade on the EU Clothing Industry Carbon Emissions." Engineering Economics 31, no. 3 (2020): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.3.25012.

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Globalization and international trade has strongly affected world’s economy in the recent decades. The importance of emissions loads distribution between countries participating in the supply chains is steadily growing. In the highly fragmented global supply chain structure, with the consumption and production separated geographically and politically, it is difficult to capture the distribution of carbon emission burden within the global production processes. Several recent scientific studies have emphasized that CO2 emissions embodied in international trade processes should be addressed. The

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3

Cass, Loren. "Norm Entrapment and Preference Change: The Evolution of the European Union Position on International Emissions Trading." Global Environmental Politics 5, no. 2 (2005): 38–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380054127736.

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The European Union's position on the incorporation of emissions trading into the Kyoto Protocol presents an interesting puzzle. The EU opposed American efforts to integrate international emissions trading into the Protocol. However, after 1998 the EU gradually emerged as one of the primary innovators in developing both its internal trading program as well as the international one. How do we explain the transformation of the EU position on trading? The conflict over emissions trading was intimately tied to normative debates surrounding the appropriateness of mechanisms to achieve GHG emission r

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Fortuński, Bartosz. "Sustainable Development and Energy Policy: Actual CO2 Emissions in the European Union in the Years 1997–2017, Considering Trade with China and the USA." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083363.

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One of the ways of implementing the concept of sustainable development by the European Union is their energy policy. Among the three main objectives in its energy policy is a reduction in greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) emissions to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. This study aims to assess the impact of international trade on actual CO2 emission in the EU, China and the USA for the period 1997–2017. For this aim, the Actual-Open CO2 emissions were calculated, taking into account the transfer of CO2 in exported products and services from China and the USA to the EU and vice versa. It is c

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Crippa, M., G. Janssens-Maenhout, F. Dentener, et al. "Forty years of improvements in European air quality: the role of EU policy–industry interplay." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 14 (2015): 20245–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-20245-2015.

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Abstract. The EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) v4.3 global anthropogenic emissions inventory of several gaseous (SO2, NOx, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and NH3) and particulate (PM10, PM2.5, black and organic carbon (BC and OC)) air pollutants for the period 1970–2010 is used to develop retrospective air pollution emission scenarios to quantify the roles and contributions of changes in fuels consumption, technology, end-of-pipe emission reduction measures and their resulting impact on health and crop yields. This database presents changes in act

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Blöch, H. "EU policy on nutrients emissions: legislation and implementation." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 1 (2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0002.

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After 25 years of EU water legislation the European Union has just thoroughly restructured its water policy. The European Parliament and the Council, following a tough conciliation procedure between the two legislators, have in summer 2000 agreed a proposal by the European Commission for a Water Framework Directive. This legislation will have the following main objectives:integrated river basin management across borders, with coordinated programmes of measuresprotection of all waters, surface waters and groundwater, in quality and quantity with a proper ecological dimensionemissions and discha

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7

Palinkas, Peter. "The Climate Change Policy: The Position of the European Union." Energy & Environment 9, no. 4 (1998): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9800900409.

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The EU has always tried to play a major role in coordinating the activities of its now 15 Member States in the broad area of climate change policy. This active role of the EU was demonstrated in the first climate protection negotiations (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), the follow-up conferences (Berlin 1995 and Geneva 1996) and finally at the Kyoto-Conference in December 1997. At the Kyoto-Conference the EU negotiators had to abandon their original negotiating position of 15% reduction based on three greenhouse gases. The final Protocol requires a collective EU reduction by 8% based on 6 gases. This mo

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8

Laike, Yang, and Liao Chun. "China-European Union Trade and Global Warming." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (2010): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2010010104.

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The globalization of trade has numerous environmental implications. Trade results from a geographic separation of consumption and production. This creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution to other countries. China is now the world third biggest trader and the second biggest trade partner of EU. China has also overtaken the U.S. as the world biggest CO2 emitter since 2005. As China’s biggest trade partner, EU has a large trade deficit with China, but on the other hand, CO2 emissions embodied in Sino-EU trade are much more unbalanced than the trade imbalance itself. EU

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9

Zhang, ZhongXiang. "The economic effects of an alternative EU emissions policy." Journal of Policy Modeling 24, no. 7-8 (2002): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-8938(02)00171-0.

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10

Wettestad, Jørgen. "Rescuing EU Emissions Trading: Mission Impossible?" Global Environmental Politics 14, no. 2 (2014): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00229.

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Is rescuing the EU's emissions trading system impossible? Despite the substantial reform in 2008, subsequent problems of allowance surplus and a low carbon price have spurred new efforts to reform the system for the 2013–2020 phase. But these efforts have met resistance both among member states and in the European parliament, and the EU is struggling in its efforts to improve the ETS. This article draws on four central EU and political science theory approaches to more systematically explore why. The financial crisis and slow international policy progress have narrowed the window of opportunit

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11

Liobikienė, Genovaitė, Mindaugas Butkus, and Kristina Matuzevičiūtė. "The Contribution of Energy Taxes to Climate Change Policy in the European Union (EU)." Resources 8, no. 2 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020063.

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Energy taxes are one of the main market-based tools directed toward mitigating climate change in the European Union (EU). Therefore, the aim of this article was to analyze whether energy taxes really contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the successful implementation of climate change policy. Applying the Granger causality test on time series and using panel data analysis, the direct and indirect (via the reduction of fossil energy consumption (FEC) and energy intensity (EI), as well as the increase of renewable energy consumption (REN)) impacts of energy taxes on G

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12

Mandaroux, Rahel, Chuanwen Dong, and Guodong Li. "A European Emissions Trading System Powered by Distributed Ledger Technology: An Evaluation Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042106.

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The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a major pillar of the European energy policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the reportedly pervasive frauds in this market are constraining the beneficial role of the EU ETS. In this conceptual paper, we propose to digitalize the EU ETS by distributed ledger technology (DLT), enabling the verification of authenticity and provenance, proof of ownership, and lifecycle traceability of carbon certificates and assets. Our platform allows verifiable credentials to validate emission allowances, real-time tracking of trading partici

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Fortuński, Bartosz. "The impact of foreign trade on the Netherlands’ real CO2 emissions." Central European Review of Economics and Management 3, no. 4 (2019): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.780.

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Aim: CO2 emissions and the related climate change are a global problem, where the direct impact of actions of individual countries depends on their total share in CO2 emissions. In order to assess the potential for policy measures, the openness of an economy, and the related import and export and their impacts on emissions should be considered. The aim of this paper is the attempt to show the real CO2 emissions of the Netherlands as well as the impact of its trade on CO2 emissions in other countries in the world and in the EU in 2015.Design / Research methods: This study was conducted on the g

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Raguz-Kristic, Irena, and Jurica Simurina. "The effectiveness of the market-based environmental policy mix in the European Union." Panoeconomicus, no. 00 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan180111009r.

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The goal of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the environmental taxes and emissions trading in achieving cleaner production, that is, higher production per unit of emissions in the European Union (EU). The hypothesis of the paper is that the combined use of taxes and emission permits yields synergistic benefits in addition to their individual contributions. The paper uses panel analysis on the EU27 data from 2005 to 2012. The analysis does not robustly find positive effects from the interaction of these policy instruments, but it confirms that there are no negative ones. Additional

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Štreimikienė, Dalia. "ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRICITY AND TRANSPORT SECTORS BASED ON CARBON INTENSITY AND COSTS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, no. 4 (2013): 606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2013.837113.

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The aim of the paper is to address the EU policy for achieving low carbon economy by assessing energy technologies in electricity and road transport sector based on costs and impact on climate change and to indicate the most competitive electricity and transport technologies taking into account EU policy targets in GHG emission reduction, utilization of renewable and energy efficiency improvements. The main tasks of the paper are: to develop the multi-criteria framework for comparative assessment of energy technologies by applying MCDM methods for the electricity generation and transport techn

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16

Bonilla, David, Hartmut Keller, and Juergen Schmiele. "Climate policy and solutions for green supply chains: Europe’s predicament." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 20, no. 3 (2015): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-05-2014-0171.

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Purpose – This paper aims to measure carbon footprints (CFs) of products at the sectoral levels. The paper also aims to provide potential solutions to adopt greener supply chains to minimise CFs. Design/methodology/approach – The assessment of CFs uses a data set for nine sectors and environmental extended input output tables, as well as other six models. The analysis uses modules for regional economy, freight, logistics and mode choice, among other modules. The output of these modules includes increases or cuts in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following a shift in supply chains. Findings – T

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17

Zimakov, Andrei. "The EU ETS Top Ten Polluters List as a Policy Tool of Climate Action Organisations." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n2p201.

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The EU ETS is one of the most important EC instruments to curb CO2 emissions. Various climate action organisations use verified emissions data from EU ETS to calculate top EU polluters lists. These shortlists are actively used in their advocacy strategies as an evidence of national or EU-wide climate policies (under)performance to influence policymaking. However, there is no official EU ETS top ten list released by the EC what weakens the political power of this tool. Addressing possible reasons for EC’s reluctance the paper investigates the correlation between the presence of national enterpr

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18

Ellinghaus, Ulrich, Peter Ebsen, and Hannes Schloemann. "The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS): a Status Report." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 1, no. 1 (2004): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601004x00157.

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SITNIK, Lech. "Emissions of e-mobility." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-323.

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E-mobility is treated as emission-free. Generally, this sentence can only be true in a very small range. Namely, about selected pa-rameters and in a very limited area. An example of this is the measurement of CO2 emissions in the immediate vicinity of BEV (battery electric vehicle) . The situation can change dramatically if you take into account the emissions in the energy production necessary for car traffic. This work presents this issue taking into account the energy mix in the various countries of the European Union. Simulation research shows that there are already countries in the EU wher

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20

Leite Pinto, Rafael. "The (un)successful EU Environmental Policy." UNIO – EU Law Journal 6, no. 1 (2020): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.6.1.2709.

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The EU asserts itself as a leader when it comes to climate change policy. In this article, we analyze the EU’s environmental action regarding the 7th Environmental Action Programme 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) 2030 set by the UN. We synthesise the successes and failures of the EU’s environmental policy in the fields of emissions reduction, circular economy, biodiversity, energy policy and agricultural policy, with the goal of understanding where the EU is lacking and what, therefore, needs stronger measures to reach international goals and avoid an environmental catastrop

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21

Busu, Mihail, and Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu. "Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010130.

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In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renew

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Busu, Mihail, and Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu. "Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010130.

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In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renew

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23

Wettestad, Jørgen. "The Making of the 2003 EU Emissions Trading Directive: An Ultra-Quick Process due to Entrepreneurial Proficiency?" Global Environmental Politics 5, no. 1 (2005): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380053243477.

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The EU emissions trading scheme has been characterized as one of the most farreaching and radical environmental policies for many years, and “the new grand policy experiment.” Given the EU's earlier resistance to this market-based instrument with no international track record and with US origins, the EU decision-making process, which took less than two years, can be characterized as a puzzlingly ultra-quick political “pregnancy.” In order to understand this, it is necessary to take three explanatory perspectives—and the interaction between them—into account. First, the emissions trading issue

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Skjærseth, Jon Birger, and Jørgen Wettestad. "Fixing the EU Emissions Trading System? Understanding the Post-2012 Changes." Global Environmental Politics 10, no. 4 (2010): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00033.

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This article explains why the significant changes in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for the 2013–2020 phase were adopted in 2008. The combination of a more stringent EU-wide cap, allocation of emission allowances for payment, and limits on imports of credits from third countries have strengthened the system for the post-2012 period. This will promote reduction in greenhouse gases compared to the old system. The main reasons for these changes are, first, changes in the positions of the member states due to unsatisfactory experience with performance of the EU ETS so far. Second, a “pac

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Skjærseth, Jon Birger, and Jørgen Wettestad. "The Origin, Evolution and Consequences of the EU Emissions Trading System." Global Environmental Politics 9, no. 2 (2009): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2009.9.2.101.

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The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the cornerstone of EU climate policy, a grand policy experiment, as the first and largest international emissions trading system in the world. In this article, we seek to provide a broad overview of the initiation, decision-making and implementation of the EU ETS so far. We explore why the EU changed from a laggard to a leader in emissions trading, how it managed to establish the system rapidly, and the consequences to date, leading up to the 2008 proposal for a revised ET Directive for the post-2012 period. We apply three explanatory approaches, foc

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Schleich, Joachim, Karl-Martin Ehrhart, Christian Hoppe, and Stefan Seifert. "Banning banking in EU emissions trading?" Energy Policy 34, no. 1 (2006): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.06.009.

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LIOBIKIENĖ, Genovaitė, Justina MANDRAVICKAITĖ, Danguolė KREPŠTULIENĖ, Jurga BERNATONIENĖ, and Arūnas SAVICKAS. "LITHUANIAN ACHIEVEMENTS IN TERMS OF CO2 EMISSIONS BASED ON PRODUCTION SIDE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU-27." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 23, no. 3 (2015): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2015.1056278.

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The production perspective is actual seeking regarding the CO2 emissions management policy; however, there is a lack of studies taking the latter approach. Thus referring to air emissions accounts, the aim of this analysis is to evaluate changes in CO2 equivalent emissions from the production-based perspective in Lithuania and the EU-27 and their determinants during 2000– 2012. Using the coefficient of elasticity, it was observed that in Lithuanian the economy grew three times faster than emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Meanwhile in the EU-27, GHG decreased with economic growth. In the EU

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28

Haas, Tobias, and Hendrik Sander. "Decarbonizing Transport in the European Union: Emission Performance Standards and the Perspectives for a European Green Deal." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208381.

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The transport sector is a major driver of climate change both globally and in the European Union (EU). While the EU as a whole is showing declining carbon emissions, transport-related emissions are higher than in 1990. Car traffic is responsible for around 12 percent of the EU’s total greenhouse gas emissions. EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen underlined the efforts to strengthen the decarbonization of the EU at the end of 2019 by publishing the European Green Deal (EGD) communication. In this paper, we analyze the controversy surrounding the emission performance standards for cars

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LATURI, JANI, JUSSI LINTUNEN, and JUSSI UUSIVUORI. "MODELING THE ECONOMICS OF THE REFERENCE LEVELS FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT EMISSIONS IN THE EU." Climate Change Economics 07, no. 03 (2016): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007816500068.

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In the Durban climate change conference of UNFCCC in 2011 new accounting rules were agreed for forest sector in Annex I countries to provide incentives for forest management and emission mitigation. There was also pressure to modify accounting rules to avoid giving credits for sequestration which would occur naturally. New accounting rules are based on reference levels against which greenhouse gas emissions and sinks resulting from forest management are compared during the second commitment period (2013–2020) of the Kyoto Protocol. In this study we investigate the timber market impacts and the

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Efthymiou, Marina, and Andreas Papatheodorou. "EU Emissions Trading scheme in aviation: Policy analysis and suggestions." Journal of Cleaner Production 237 (November 2019): 117734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117734.

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Zeng, Yingying, Stefan E. Weishaar, and Oscar Couwenberg. "Absolute vs. Intensity-based Caps for Carbon Emissions Target Setting." European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, no. 4 (2016): 764–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00010187.

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AbstractLinking the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to the Chinese national ETS promises considerable economic and political benefits. However, different policy choices regarding cap setting between the systems are likely to impede a potential linking. A striking distinction is that the EU ETS relies upon an absolute cap, while the Chinese national ETS appears to apply an ‘intensity-based cap’ during the early stages. The current linking literature focuses on mapping legal barriers in general and has not yet focused on EU and China, let alone the intricacies of policy design.

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Skjaerseth, Jon Birger. "EU emissions trading: Legitimacy and stringency." Environmental Policy and Governance 20, no. 5 (2010): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.541.

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Pakere, Ieva, Toms Prodanuks, Agris Kamenders, et al. "Ranking EU Climate and Energy Policies." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (2021): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0027.

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Abstract The European Union (EU) has set ambitious targets to increase the overall energy efficiency and decrease the environmental impact by introducing the ‘Green Deal.’ It is an EU plan for the transition to zero greenhouse gas emissions. The overall data analyses of GHG emissions per capita and GDP value in different EU countries show that the GDP increase in 2010–2017 has not increased GHG emissions. Therefore, the link between the GDP increase through energy resource usage increase has been eliminated. However, not all of the EU 27 member states contributed to the overall EU green policy

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Pfromm, René, and Karlis Svikis. "EU-Emissions Trading: The Latvian Allocation Plan." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 1, no. 1 (2004): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601004x00201.

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Elkerbout, Milan. "THE CHANGING ROLE OF CARBON PRICING IN THE EU." National Institute Economic Review 251 (February 2020): R13—R24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.3.

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Carbon pricing has been the most prominent climate change mitigation policy for the EU since the launch of its emissions trading system (ETS) in 2005. Since then, the context of international climate policy as well as of the socio-political and economical context of decarbonisation has changed considerably. The 2015 Paris Agreement engages virtually every country unlike its predecessor, while non-carbon pricing policies have led to rapid cost reductions in renewables, even if other sectors (particularly in energy-intensive industry) have not seen similar developments. This paper examines how t

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Farmer, Andrew. "Revising IPPC: Incremental Change Rather Than a Radical Overhaul of EU Industrial Emissions Policy." Environmental Law Review 10, no. 4 (2008): 258–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2008.10.4.029.

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The European Commission has published a proposal to revise the IPPC Directive (1996/61, codified as 2008/1). The proposal also incorporates six ‘sectoral’ industrial emissions Directives as annexes: large combustion plants (2001/80); waste incineration (2000/76); solvent emissions (1999/13); and titanium dioxide (78/176, 82/883 and 92/112). The proposal would only extend the scope of the Directive in a limited way (for example, to combustion installations between 20 and 50 MW, the preservation of wood and wood products and the production of wood panels), but it introduces more formal requireme

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Zafeiriou, Eleni, Ioannis Mallidis, Konstantinos Galanopoulos, and Garyfallos Arabatzis. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Economic Performance in EU Agriculture: An Empirical Study in a Non-Linear Framework." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 3837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113837.

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Numerous linkages among Agriculture and climate change have been identified and validated in global terms. In European Union, the economic performance–carbon dioxide emission relationship has become a particularly high priority issue for Common agricultural policy within the last decade, attracting scientific interest. Within this socio–economic framework, the present work studies the relationship between agricultural carbon emissions equivalents and income per capita for the agricultural sector in different EU countries with the assistance of the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARD

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Verde, Stefano F., Giulio Galdi, Isabella Alloisio, and Simone Borghesi. "The EU ETS and its companion policies: any insight for China's ETS?" Environment and Development Economics 26, no. 3 (2021): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x20000595.

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AbstractThis paper analyses the role that companion policies have had in the reduction of emissions regulated by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the related policy interactions, with a view to identifying relevant insights for China's forthcoming Emissions Trading System (ETS). The investigation rests on: (a) the observation of the EU's and China's ETSs and policy mixes; (b) economic theory concerning companion policies and ETS design; and (c) empirical ex-post evidence from the EU ETS. Three main conclusions emerge from the analysis. First, China's ETS, while not imposing a fixed

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Ellerman, Denny, Frank Convery, and Christian de Perthuis. "The European Carbon Market in Action: Lessons from the First Trading Period." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 5, no. 2 (2008): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/161372708x324213.

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AbstractThrough its Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), the European Union is leading the world's first effort to mobilize market forces to tackle global climate change. This article, examines how the EU ETS has performed thus far, at the conclusion of the scheme's first trading phase (2005–2007). Insights drawn from this analysis may inform not only the scheme's future operation, but also the establishment of greenhouse gas trading programs outside Europe. This interim analysis finds that Phase I of the EU ETS (2005–2007) has successfully established a carbon price for significant segments of

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Grubb, Michael, and Karsten Neuhoff. "Allocation and competitiveness in the EU emissions trading scheme: policy overview." Climate Policy 6, no. 1 (2006): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2006.0602.

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Grubb, Michael, and Karsten Neuhoff. "Allocation and competitiveness in the EU emissions trading scheme: policy overview." Climate Policy 6, no. 1 (2006): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2006.9685586.

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Gulbrandsen, Lars H., François Sammut, and Jørgen Wettestad. "Emissions Trading and Policy Diffusion: Complex EU ETS Emulation in Kazakhstan." Global Environmental Politics 17, no. 3 (2017): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00418.

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This article examines the roles of international policy diffusion and domestic politics in shaping the design of an emissions trading system (ETS) in Kazakhstan. We find that although the overall framework for the Kazakh ETS and many of its design elements are based on the EU ETS, domestic political factors were central mediating variables in the diffusion process. The system was initiated at the highest levels within the government, but the fast-tracked nature of the implementation process did not provide sufficient notification to the donor community to mobilize much-needed technical support

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Klavs, G., and J. Rekis. "Introduction of Energy and Climate Mitigation Policy Issues in Energy - Environment Model of Latvia." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 53, no. 6 (2016): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2016-0039.

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Abstract The present research is aimed at contributing to the Latvian national climate policy development by projecting total GHG emissions up to 2030, by evaluating the GHG emission reduction path in the non-ETS sector at different targets set for emissions reduction and by evaluating the obtained results within the context of the obligations defined by the EU 2030 policy framework for climate and energy. The method used in the research was bottom-up, linear programming optimisation model MARKAL code adapted as the MARKAL-Latvia model with improvements for perfecting the integrated assessment

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Barton, Jane. "Tackling Aviation Emissions: the Challenges ahead." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 3, no. 4 (2006): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601006x00560.

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AbstractSince the advent of civil aviation, air transport has experienced almost continuous growth. However the growth of the industry brings with it an increase in emissions which impact on the environment. In particular, aviation has an impact on climate change through emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), water vapour and sulphate and soot particles at altitude. In September 2005, the European Commission adopted a Communication setting out its proposed approach for reducing the climate change impact of aviation. As well as recognising the importance of continuing existin

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Marr, Simon, and Johannes Enzmann. "Moving Towards Phase III—Key Elements of the Review of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 5, no. 2 (2008): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/161372708x324178.

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AbstractWith the Climate and Energy Package the European Commission has also published its draft for a revised EU Emissions Trading Scheme from 2013 onwards. The draft revision of the EU ETS serves as the EU's main pillar to fight climate change in that it requires a reduction of mainly CO2 of 21% below 2005 figures for the EU's major emissions sources in the energy and industry sectors. In addition, most notably the EU is proposing an EU wide cap and harmonised allocation rules, in order to exploit the full potential of emissions trading making national allocation plans ghosts of the past. Th

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Manea, Sabina. "Defining Emissions Entitlements in the Constitution of the EU Emissions Trading System." Transnational Environmental Law 1, no. 2 (2012): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102512000131.

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AbstractThe European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the largest mandatory programme of its kind. The entitlements in emissions allowances (emissions entitlements) combine public and private law characteristics: allowances are tradable, commercially valuable regulatory instruments. This dual nature reveals a new interdependency between public and private law mechanisms in the context of climate change policy. This article argues that achieving the requisite level of emissions reductions is contingent on the viability of the emissions market, and that both are dependent on the defini

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JANSSON, TORBJÖRN, and SARAH SÄLL. "ENVIRONMENTAL CONSUMPTION TAXES ON ANIMAL FOOD PRODUCTS TO MITIGATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION." Climate Change Economics 09, no. 04 (2018): 1850009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007818500094.

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Livestock cause around 10% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union. Despite the large quantities, no economic policy is in place to reduce emissions from the sector. In this paper, we introduce consumption taxes on animal products in the European Union to reduce GHG emissions. Impacts are simulated using the CAPRI model, which was created to analyze the impacts of agricultural policy reforms within the EU. Tax levels of 16, 60 and 290 Euro per ton of GHG emissions are used in the estimations. Our results show that consumption taxes have small mitigation effects, up to 4.9

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Busu, Mihail. "The Role of Renewables in a Low-Carbon Society: Evidence from a Multivariate Panel Data Analysis at the EU Level." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195260.

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Low carbon emission has a major positive impact on our society. Due to the importance of reducing carbon emission levels, factors that contribute significantly towards reducing carbon emission levels have attracted the interest of academics and researchers in the field. In this paper, the author develops a multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between renewable energy consumption, biofuel production, resources productivity, bioenergy productivity, the level of urbanization and population and their impact on total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Data was collected from

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Kim, Haein, Minsang Kim, Hyunggeun Kim, and Sangkyu Park. "Decomposition Analysis of CO2 Emission from Electricity Generation: Comparison of OECD Countries before and after the Financial Crisis." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143522.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect CO2 emissions in the electricity generation sector in 36 OECD countries during the periods 1995–2008 and 2008–2017. This paper utilized Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method for decomposing CO2 emission into economic activity, electricity intensity that represents demand policy effort, the share of thermal generation, the mix of thermal generation, thermal efficiency that represent supply policy efforts, and carbon emission coefficient. The results showed that EU nations achieved a higher level of CO2 reduction compared to that of

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Giannakis, Elias, and George Zittis. "Assessing the Economic Structure, Climate Change and Decarbonisation in Europe." Earth Systems and Environment 5, no. 3 (2021): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41748-021-00232-7.

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AbstractAnthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions coming mainly from fossil fuel combustion for energy use are causing air temperature increases resulting in climate change. This study employs an environmentally extended input–output model to conduct an economy-wide assessment of GHG emissions in the European Union (EU). Model results indicate that the assumed growth of economic activity by 2030 will lead to a large increase in GHG emissions by 89%, assuming no technological change and no additional policy mitigation efforts. The electricity sector and agriculture create the highest direct

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