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Journal articles on the topic 'EU Nature Directives'

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Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Trouwborst, Arie, and Han Somsen. "Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and European Nature Conservation Law—Applying the EU Birds and Habitats Directives to a Significant but Neglected Threat to Wildlife." Journal of Environmental Law 32, no. 3 (2019): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz035.

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Abstract Free-ranging domestic cats (Felis catus) impact biodiversity through predation, disturbance, competition, disease and hybridisation. Scientific knowledge regarding these impacts has recently increased. This article interprets the European Union (EU) Birds and Habitats Directives (Nature Directives) in light of this knowledge. The outcome indicates that various obligations in the Directives, particularly concerning Natura 2000 sites and the generic protection of birds and other species, have significant implications for the management of free-ranging domestic cats. Regarding (unowned)
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Schoukens, Hendrik. "Granting Legal Personhood to Nature in the European Union: Contemplating a Legal (R)evolution to Avoid an Ecological Collapse? (Part 1)." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 15, no. 3-4 (2018): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01503005.

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Over the past decade, the debate on Rights of Nature as a promising novel discourse within the ever-changing context of environmental governance has gained considerable traction. An increasing number of countries, amongst whom New Zealand and Ecuador, has moved to explicitly grant legal personhood to nature, with some national courts following suit. Underlying this trend is the need to correct the prevailing instrumentalist approach to nature, which sees nature merely as an object. For now, the idea of giving certain procedural and substantive rights to nature has passed relatively unnoticed i
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Schoukens, Hendrik. "The Quest for the Holy Grail and the Dutch Integrated Approach to Nitrogen: How to Align Adaptive Management Strategies with the EU Nature Directives?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 15, no. 2 (2018): 171–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01502004.

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The concept of adaptive management is generally defined as a flexible decision-making process that can be adjusted in the face of uncertainties as outcomes of management actions and other events become better understood. These experimental management strategies, which may grant permit agencies more discretion to authorise economic developments, have become increasingly popular as tools to overcome deadlock scenarios in the context of the EU Nature Directives. One notable application is the Dutch Programmatic Approach to Nitrogen (Programma Aanpak Stikstof – PAS ), which puts forward a more rec
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Ginter, Carri, and Piret Schasmin. "Understanding and Effects of EU Directives." Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online 20, no. 1 (2022): 67–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22115897_02001_006.

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General principles of law, treaties, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, regulations, directives, framework decisions and other sources of EU law have their distinctive nature, which is reflected in their effects on legal relationships. This article focuses on the interrelationship between national and EU law, primarily focusing on the various impacts of directives and framework decisions. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has clarified that directives may, in certain situations, have both a vertical direct effect and, in some limited cases, also a de facto incidental horizon
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Kistenkas, F. H. "Rethinking European Nature Conservation Legislation: Towards Sustainable Development." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 10, no. 1 (2013): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01001005.

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European nature conservation law with its habitats assessment as demanded by Article 6 of the 1992 Habitats Directive is recently being regarded as rigid, rather static and not fully updated with modern sustainability and climate change demands. As a consequence nature conservation law is said to be not always capable to facilitate sustainable development. A balancing of both ecology and socio-economic interests rather than a singular ecological criteria assessment might give way to sustainable combinations of land use in or nearby nature reserves. While previous authors call for updating and
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Bobek, Michal. "Why Is It Better to Treat Every Provision of EU Directives as Having Horizontal Direct Effect?" International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 39, Issue 2 (2023): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2023014.

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The provisions of EU directives do not have horizontal direct effect. This contribution explains how that initial choice and statement made by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Marshall came to be gradually undermined by the numerous exceptions to this rule. If viewed together, they make one wonder about the nature of the present-day rule and the exceptions, in particular in areas like employment law or various aspects of prohibition of discrimination. This leads to the advice that could be given to national practitioners, puzzled about the present-day normative impact of directive
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Křepelka, Filip. "Transformations of Directives into Regulations: Towards a More Uniform Administrative Law?" European Public Law 27, Issue 4 (2021): 781–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2021038.

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In the last two decades, the European Union (EU) legislative institutions transformed dozens of directives into regulations. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the most familiar, even to the general public. For various reasons, however, EU legal scholars discuss these transformations sporadically. Framework nature justified the existence of directives. However, EU directives gradually become detailed, narrowing the margin of appreciation exercised by the Member States. We suggest a favourable view of such expansion of uniform frameworks, ranked to the administrative/public law ad
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Stefanidis, Konstantinos, Anthi Oikonomou, Maria Stoumboudi, Elias Dimitriou, and Nikolaos Skoulikidis. "Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece." Water 13, no. 21 (2021): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213007.

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Regardless of the efforts of the European Union, freshwaters are in a state of environmental crisis. The Water Framework Directive has established a basis for the protection and restoration of European inland and coastal waters. In parallel, the Birds and Habitats Directives protect, maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, selected species and habitats under a representative network of protected areas. Hence, the interplay between the EU regulations is of high scientific interest and practical relevance. In this article, Greece is used as a case study to explore whether anticip
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9

Krämer, Ludwig. "The Portuguese environment before the EU Court of Justice and the EU Commission." RevCEDOUA, no. 45 (January 1, 2020): 09–31. https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-2387_45_1.

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Here is the English translation in a formal and academic style: --- The article describes and assesses the scrutiny that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Commission have carried out regarding environmental protection in Portugal, from its accession to the EU in 1986 up to 2020. It is based on cases decided by the CJEU against Portugal, as well as on the European Commission’s implementation reports. The analysis focuses on compliance in the following sectors: access to information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice in environmental
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10

Hall, David. "EU competition policies and public services." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 8, no. 2 (2002): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890200800205.

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This contribution examines the influence of EU policies on public services. It traces the impact and constraints of the treaty and the various EU directives that have led to the opening up of different sectors to competition. Attention is drawn to the problematic nature both of the underlying ideology — that liberalisation promotes competition and lower prices — and to the concrete outcomes in many countries and sectors.
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Schneider, Jiří, Aleš Ruda, Žaneta Kalasová, and Alessandro Paletto. "The Forest Stakeholders’ Perception towards the NATURA 2000 Network in the Czech Republic." Forests 11, no. 5 (2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050491.

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Natura 2000 is a network of European protected areas, established under the provision of two directives of the European Union: the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and the Birds Directive (79/409/EEC; 2009/147/EU). The Natura 2000 network can be considered an interesting instrument to maintain and improve ecosystem services provided by protected sites. The European Union member countries are free to organize the participatory process in the implementation of the Natura 2000 network. The participatory process is often overlooked despite it being an important tool to increase the social acceptance
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Pezdevšek Malovrh, Špela, Alessandro Paletto, Stjepan Posavec, et al. "Evaluation of the Operational Environment Factors of Nature Conservation Policy Implementation: Cases of Selected EU and Non-EU Countries." Forests 10, no. 12 (2019): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121099.

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The complex policy decision-making situation around nature conservation requires examination of the operational environment. This study develops and tests a three-phase analytical framework for the evaluation of operational environment factors influencing nature conservation policy implementation. The four important operational environment factors (legal, policy, economic, and social) have been identified, to build up a framework. The framework was tested in selected countries and includes experts’ opinions. Experts (n = 44) from five EU countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Slovakia, and Slove
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Skowron-Kadayer, Magdalena. "The Selective Harmonization Impact of the Coordination Policy." European Review 28, no. 4 (2020): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798720000149.

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The strong interdependence of Member States’ legal orders was the reason why Member States decided for coordination and for monitoring each other’s legislative activity. Over the years, the Contracting States and the Union legislature have established more and more obligations referring to national legislatures in this respect. The most common of these are the well-known duties to transpose directives into national law. These EU legal acts contain substantive law, rights and/or obligations for individuals, and thus encompass material provisions that can be subject to a transposition process. H
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Simola, Jussi, Arttu Takala, Riku Lehkonen, Tapio Frantti, and Reijo Savola. "Impact of Cyber Security Operations on Hardware Requirements for Stable and Workable Industrial Environments." International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 19, no. 1 (2024): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/iccws.19.1.2003.

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Securing electricity distribution is one of the most important principles of the EU cyber security strategy. For example, European cyber security regulations, such as NIS2 (Network and Information Security Directive), CER (Critical Entities Resilience Directive), and Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) together aim to create a foundation and guidelines for international standards in various industries and the operation of critical infrastructure. Securing critical infrastructure is a common goal for Western operators. The new European Union (EU) directives bring new requirements to critical infrastruct
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15

Tūbaitė-Stalauskienė, Asta. "EU Copyright Law: Developing Exceptions and Limitations Systematically – An Analysis of Recent Legislative Proposals." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 11, no. 2 (2018): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2018-0014.

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Abstract In the European Union, Copyright law is not uniform. There are a number of EU Directives concerning copyright law, which form an exhaustive list of limitations and exceptions, most of which are optional. The optional nature of limitations and exceptions is a significant obstacle to effective harmonisation in the Member States, which creates legal uncertainty for rightsholders and users. The aim of this article is to examine limitations and exceptions under the current EU copyright law, to analyse what efforts the European Commission, the Council and the Parliament have undertaken in o
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16

Beresford, Alison E., Graeme M. Buchanan, Fiona J. Sanderson, Rebecca Jefferson, and Paul F. Donald. "The Contributions of the EU Nature Directives to the CBD and Other Multilateral Environmental Agreements." Conservation Letters 9, no. 6 (2016): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12259.

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17

Bouček, Vilim. "Smjernice u postlisabonskom europskom međunarodnom privatnom pravu." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 72, no. 3 (2022): 799–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.72.3.02.

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This paper discusses the application of the EU directive as a source of European private international law with an emphasis on the post-Lisbon period in private international law of the member states. After presenting the main features of a directive in private international law, such as the legal basis for those “measures” in secondary legislation, types of directive, their structure, purpose and the effects of a directive, the author points out the special importance of the directive expressed in the Ingmar and Unamar cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union. In both cases the leg
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18

Trouwborst, Arie, and Harm M. Dotinga. "Comparing European Instruments for Marine Nature Conservation: The OSPAR Convention, the Bern Convention, the Birds and Habitats Directives, and the Added Value of the Marine Strategy Framework Direct." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 20, Issue 4 (2011): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2011013.

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This article performs a comparative analysis of five major legal instruments for (marine) nature conservation in Europe, namely the 1979 Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, the 1979 EU Wild Birds Directive, the 1992 EU Habitats Directive, the 1992 OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, and the 2008 EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Through this analysis, an answer is provided to the question what the recently added MSFD contributes to the pre-existing legal framework in the field of marin
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19

Mišćenić, Emilia. "The Constant Change of EU Consumer Law: The Real Deal or Just an Illusion?" Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 70, no. 3 (2022): 699–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/anali_pfbu_22302a.

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EU consumer law is in a process of constant change. Over the past several decades EU consumer law has gone through many changes, reaffirming the statement by Greek philosopher Heraclitus: the only constant is change (Panta Rhei). This paper emphasizes the transformative nature of EU consumer law and its constant changes. Firstly, the paper addresses the changes in legal grounds and competences, as the roots of EU consumer law. Secondly, it presents the changes of the levels of harmonization and their impact on EU consumer directives and the national laws of the Member States. It continues by o
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20

Iefremova, Iryna, Iryna Lomakina, and Nataliia Obiiukh. "Groundwater Protection as an Essential Component of Water Management in the European Union in the Light of Modern Integration Processes: Legal Aspects of the Problem." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p354.

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In the context of exacerbation of environmental problems that are global in nature, it is necessary to assess the opportunities and development prospects of environmental policy not only at the international level, but also at the regional European level. In this regard, the focus of our article is to consider the problem of protecting groundwater as a strategic natural resource and to analyze the practice of applying European directives on water quality and protection of groundwater in EU countries. In the EU, the basic legal framework for water protection is defined in the Water Framework Di
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Vikolainen, Vera, Hans Bressers, and Kris Lulofs. "MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF BUILDING WITH NATURE PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EU BIRD AND HABITAT DIRECTIVES." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 10, no. 11 (2011): 1675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2011.229.

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22

Lichère, François. "Sustainability public Procurement using new procedures of the 2014 Directives." EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT MARKETS 1, no. 4 (2023): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54611/xhbr1548.

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It is common knowledge that the current directives on public contracts 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU allow the use of award rules to foster sustainability. In particular, the main directive on public procurement, i.e. Directive 2014/24/EU, states that ‘this Directive clarifies how the contracting authorities can contribute to the protection of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development while ensuring that they can obtain the best value for money for their contracts’ (recital 91). It stems from it that this new ‘horizontal’ objective must be conciled with the core of p
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23

Williams, Brendan, and Johanna Varghese. "Examining the impact of EU cohesion policies aiming to reduce regional and social disparities with examples of policy impacts in Ireland." Europa XXI 35 (2018): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2018.35.6.

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This research describes the evolution of the Irish spatial planning system and explores the impact of EU cohesion policies aiming to reduce regional and social disparities within the European Union with respect to recent developments in Ireland. The changing nature of the Irish planning system is seen as movement from a market or local development led approach towards a more strategic regional and national approach. This trend has in part been influenced by EU policies, directives and initiatives with evidence of both difficulties and successful delivery of some major projects. The discussion
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Сніцар, Валентина. "EU ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION: MITIGATION OF DIRECTIVE ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE." Studia Philologica 1, no. 20 (2023): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2023.26.

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This article discusses the illocutionary underpinning of varying degrees of legal force of an international document, derived from the conflict between its genre and institutional nature as an act of hard law and the sphere of environmental relations associated with soft law. The purpose of the article is to identify the types of hedging and mitigation of directive speech acts in the text of binding international law, and their impact on the degree of legal force of the document. Despite the predominance of directive speech acts that correspond to the obligative deontic modality of the documen
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BIRRELL, DEREK, and ANN MARIE GRAY. "Devolution: The Social, Political and Policy Implications of Brexit for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland." Journal of Social Policy 46, no. 4 (2017): 765–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279417000393.

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AbstractThe referendum vote for Remain in Scotland and Northern Ireland and the small majority for Leave in Wales immediately attracted much attention to the position of the devolved governments on Brexit negotiations and to the impact of Brexit on their jurisdictions. As the core of devolved powers relate to social policy, identifying the impact of leaving the EU on aspects of social policy is highly significant. This article examines the impact of EU programmes, funding, directives and regulations as delivered in recent years, noting the nature of the participation of the devolved administra
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Felicetti, Angela M. "Access to Evidence Orders in EU Procedural Law." International Journal of Procedural Law 14, no. 2 (2024): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/30504856-14020003.

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Abstract This article explores the complexities of liability disputes arising from ai-related damages and examines the procedural challenges they pose, along with some solutions that EU law aims to implement. Section i introduces the nature of these disputes and their growing relevance in an ai-driven society. Section ii explores the concept of vertical harmonization of procedural laws in Europe through the case of court-ordered disclosure, discussing the fragmented legal landscape, the current harmonized rules, and the potential unifying role of the eli/unidroit Model Rules. Section iii delve
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Szpyrka, Michalina. "Independence of Competition Protection and Telecommunications Market Regulatory Authorities in EU Law: A Real Requirement or a Theoretical Assumption?" AUC IURIDICA 71, no. 2 (2025): 185–206. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2025.398.

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The EU legislator aims to construct a model in which matters related to competition protection and sector regulation will be examined by independent authorities. The recently adopted legal acts provide guarantees in service of this goal. However, the adopted method of regulation impairs the implementation of this correct assumption. This is due to the rudimentary nature and inconsistent definition of the bundle of guarantees that make up the independence models in various EU directives. Moreover, this imprecision in the description of the guarantees causes legal uncertainty and, in extreme cas
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Bursens, Peter, and Sarah Helsen. "Implementatie van Europese wetgeving in nationale systemen : De Belgische casus bekeken door een multi-level governance bril." Res Publica 43, no. 1 (2001): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v43i1.18512.

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This article explores the use of the Multilevel Governance (MLG) concept to understand why EU Member-States, such as Belgium, sometimes fail to transpose EU directives correctly or in time. Firstly, it discusses the nature and the value of the MLG concept. It is argued that a theoretical incorporation of the MLG concept in the Neo-Institutional (NI) paradigm is necessary to gain explanatory power. Secondly, an overview is presented of the Belgian implementation record. In the last part, the combined use of the MLG concept and the NI theory identifies several factors to explain failing implemen
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Golonka, Anna. "The Eu Project of the ‘Aml Package’ – Reform or Revolution in The Field of Counteracting of Money Laundering." Ius Novum 18, no. 2 (2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/in-2024-0010.

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Abstract The study is an original scientific article devoted to the issues of proposed changes in the EU regulations on counteracting money laundering (the so-called ‘AML package’). A significant part of the amended provisions of EU legal acts will be governed by EU Regulations and, as such, they will be directly applicable. This situation justifies the need for an in-depth analysis. On the other hand, those provisions which remain in the form of directives raise certain reservations. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyse the nature and scope of the comprehensive amendment to the AM
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Vasylieva, Valentyna, and Anatolii Kostruba. "Corporate law in Ukraine within the framework of approaching the European Union standards." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.37.

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The article is devoted to adaptation of the national corporate law to the law of European Union`s corporations.
 Special attention has been given to define the legal nature of the corporation.
 It is concluded that there is no established understanding of the above concepts in national legal science.
 The main approaches to the corporate legal nature in particular European systems of justice - in FRG, France, England - are considered in depth. Significant differences between the legislation of Ukraine and legislation of the European Union countries based on the history of their
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Anatoliy, Kostruba, and Vasylieva Valentyna. "CORPORATE LAW IN UKRAINE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF APPROACHING THE EUROPEAN UNION STANDARDS." Часопис Київського університету права, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 181–88. https://doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.37.

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The article is devoted to adaptation of the national corporate law to the law of European Union`s corporations. Special attention has been given to define the legal nature of the corporation. It is concluded that there is no established understanding of the above concepts in national legal science. The main approaches to the corporate legal nature in particular European systems of justice – in FRG, France, England – are considered in depth. Significant differences between the legislation of Ukraine and legislation of the European Union countries based on the history of their develo
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Sofinska, Iryna, and Yurii Pukavskyi. "Legal narratives of harmonization of terminology in the field of collective investment: comparative analysis of Ukrainian legislation and European Union law." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 12, no. 46 (2025): 302–11. https://doi.org/10.23939/law2025.46.302.

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In the article, the authors consider the main aspects of harmonizing Ukrainian legislation in the field of collective investment with European Union law, taking into account the application of Directive 2009/65/EU (UCITS) and Directive 2011/61/EU (AIFMD). The authors pay special attention to the issue of terminological (in)conformity, since the difference in the interpretation of key concepts may complicate (primarily delay) the implementation of European norms in the field of collective investment in the national legal system. Today, the issue of legal regulation in the field of joint investm
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Fňukalová, Eliška, Vladimír Zýka, and Dušan Romportl. "The Network of Green Infrastructure Based on Ecosystem Services Supply in Central Europe." Land 10, no. 6 (2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060592.

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Green infrastructure is a strategically planned network that broadens traditional biodiversity conservation methods to also encompass the concept of ecosystem services (ES). This study aims to identify the network of green infrastructure in Central Europe. An analysis of ecological connectivity is based on ES supply quantified for CORINE land cover classes. Corridors between core areas, which are represented by Natura 2000 sites, are based on the capacity of ecosystems to supply maintenance and regulating ES. The delineated network of corridors of green infrastructure covers approximately 15%
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Mendzhul, M. V., and I. V. Stilnyk. "Timeshare agreement: legal nature and problematic aspects." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence 1, no. 3 (2025): 279–82. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.03.1.41.

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The article examines the legal nature of a timeshare agreement, identifies problematic aspects that require regulation during the recodification of the Civil Code of Ukraine in the aspect of Europeanization of private law. The widespread approach of considering the nature of the agreement through a legal relationship is investigated, and the special characteristics of a contractual relationship characteristic of it are highlighted. A review of approaches to the understanding of such concepts as “timeshare agreement”, “timeshare”, “club vacation” and “vacation ownership” by scientists is carrie
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Peña, Francisco de la. "Gentle Brexit, a very British Exit: EEA Membership as the Most Favourable Model to Secure Financial Services Passports." European Business Law Review 27, Issue 7 (2016): 1057–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2016047.

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Predicting the impact of the anticipated UK exit from the EU on passporting is rather difficult as the nature of the future EU-UK trade relationship is still unknown as of November 2016. At one end of the continuum, if the UK were to leave the EU but remain in the EEA, most passporting rights would remain available to UK firms trading in the EEA (and vice versa). At the other end of the spectrum, if no specific EU-UK trading arrangements were agreed for financial services, whether under EFTA or a bespoke FTA, UK firms would lose their automatic right to trade across the EU (and vice versa). Wh
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Witkowska, Janina. "The Immigration Policy of the European Union: Challenges and Prospects. Conclusions for Poland." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 25, no. 2 (2022): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.25.13.

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The paper aims to characterize and evaluate the immigration policy of the European Union in the context of the challenges posed by regular and irregular migration processes on a global and regional scale. The EU policy is in line with the United Nations (UN) initiatives aimed at international cooperation in solving migration problems. The provisions of the treaties share powers in EU immigration policy between its institutions and member states. The harmonization of activities in this area is carried out through the implementation of directives adopted at various times and related to limited a
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Janicka, Małgorzata, and Artur Sajnóg. "The Quality of Environmental Data Disclosure. The case of Public Companies from the European Union Countries." European Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 4 (2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p149.

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In the 21st century business entities are required to change priorities and move to a sustainable relationship between environmental, social, and economic well-being. Climate and environment are phenomena of transnational and global nature, and for this reason, actions in this area should be taken at a supranational level. Nowadays, the European Union (EU) countries have been implementing directives concerning environmental changes and taxonomy for non-financial reporting. According to their requirements, public companies must disclose high-quality data in the ESG area, including the environme
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Bulgakova, Daria, and Sintija Deruma. "The liability of online intermediaries under European Union law." Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal, no. 8-9 (December 30, 2023): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/kmlpj303154.2023-8-9.1-43.

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This research explores the complex and multifaceted issue of online intermediary liability. It illuminates the challenges arising from the absence of uniform regulations and the need for a collaborative system between online intermediaries and rightsholders. Specifically, the article scrutinizes the liability of online intermediaries under European Union law for violations of legal interests in online content. It strives to balance intermediary liability frameworks and fair competition, drawing attention to the relationship between specific provisions and the concurrent regime outlined in the
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39

Paliogiannis, Charalampos, An Cliquet, and Nico Koedam. "The impact of the economic crisis on the implementation of the EU Nature Directives in Greece: An expert-based view." Journal for Nature Conservation 48 (April 2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2018.12.003.

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40

Giliker, Paula. "The Transposition of the Consumer Rights Directive into UK Law: Implementing a Maximum Harmonization Directive." European Review of Private Law 23, Issue 1 (2015): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2015002.

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Abstract: This article examines the transposition of the Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU into UK law. At face value, the UK has complied with the Directive, adopting and publishing it by 13 December 2013 and providing that its provisions shall apply to contracts concluded after 13 June 2014, as required by Article 28. Indeed, Article 19 of the CRD (extra fees charged to consumers on payment) was introduced a year before the date anticipated in the Directive. It will be argued, however, that despite such positive indicia and the fact that the CRD is primarily a maximum harmonization direct
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41

Maciejewski, Jędrzej. "Book Markets in Europe: Facing the Challenges of the Digital Single Market." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 22, no. 2 (2019): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0019.

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The aim of this article is to identify the challenges created by digitalization and the Digital Single Market for book markets in Europe. The research questions are, on the one hand, related to the nature of these challenges and the impact they have on European book markets, and on the other hand, the impact of the activities of EU institutions. This leads to the hypothesis that the digitization challenges that the book markets in Europe are facing are of a technological, economic, legal, political and judicial nature. Therefore, the key research method will be an analysis of these challenges
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42

Zdanovsky, Volodymyr G., Valentyn A. Glyva, and Nataiia B. Burdeina. "Main tasks of implementation of international labor protection regulations in the legal field of Ukraine." Environmental safety and natural resources 42, no. 2 (2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.47-58.

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The paper analyzes the legislative regulation in the field of labor protection in Ukraine and identifies the main directions of work to improve it. In connection with Ukraine’s move towards EU membership, it is advisable to focus on EU regulations. It is shown that such acts are both general in nature and consider certain aspects of labor protection (certain factors of harmful effects). The advantage of the European directives on occupational safety is that they contain mandatory annexes that quantify the permissible harmful effects. The joint work of experts of the EU and the International La
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Prystai, R., and І. Yavorska. "Consumer rights protection in digital contracts within the framework of the European Union." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 74 (2023): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.77.

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Having analyzed the mechanisms of consumer rights protection in the field of concluding electronic contracts, it is noted that there is no separate definition of the concept of this type of contract in EU law, instead the concept of a distance contract is used. EU law regarding the conclusion of contracts in electronic form allows the use of various forms of negotiations between the parties, which is the main feature of this type of contract. From this, we came to the conclusion that in the process of protecting the rights of consumers in the field of electronic commerce, it is appropriate to
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Åkermark, Sia Spiliopoulou. "The Meaning of Airspace Sovereignty Today – A Case Study on Demilitarisation and Functional Airspace Blocks." Nordic Journal of International Law 86, no. 1 (2017): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08601003.

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As a result of the eu Single European Sky directives, European states adopted regional agreements on functional airspace blocks. The Agreement on the North European Functional Airspace Block (nefab) was signed in 2012 by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Norway. The nature of the agreement is mixed and involves civil as well as military actors. nefab seems to operate in practice in a hybrid mode, sometimes looking like a private international enterprise and sometimes more like a public international organisation. Does the highly technical nature of the agreement keep issues of political and legal r
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Vokrri, Muhamet. "Aspects of safety and health at work in the context of EU and Kosovo." Sigurnost 63, no. 4 (2021): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.63.4.6.

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Occupational Safety and Health are the two key components of employee efficiency in their workplace, and at the same time guaranteeing them can directly impact employee well-being and productivity for employers and their earnings. Obviously, legal definition and their protection fall under the State domain, respectively Institutions that are authorized to supervise the implementation of legislation by the employers. Having in consideration the facts that reports obtained from the labor field, particularly those of “Occupational Safety and Health” reflect the continuous challenges of majority o
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Cervellini, Marco, Piero Zannini, Musciano Michele Di, et al. "A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe." Biodiversity Data Journal 8 (June 30, 2020): e53720. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e53720.

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Biogeographical units are widely adopted in ecological research and nature conservation management, even though biogeographical regionalisation is still under scientific debate. The European Environment Agency provided an official map of the European Biogeographical Regions (EBRs), which contains the official boundaries used in the Habitats and Birds Directives. However, these boundaries bisect cells in the official EU 10 km × 10 km grid used for many purposes, including reporting species and habitat data, meaning that 6881 cells overlap two or more regions. Therefore, superimposing the EBRs v
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LÓPEZ ESPADAFOR, CARLOS MARÍA. "EXTRA-TAXATION AND PROPERTY RIGHT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.n12.5.

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Indirect taxes are the essence -and the main priority- of tax harmonization in the European Union. The vast majority of EU tax harmonization directives refer to this type of taxation. At the same time, indirect taxes constitute the field in which the principles of tax justice are less defined, either regarding EU Member States, or the institutions of the European Union. This is an issue about which no explicit reference has been found within the EU original or primary law; we don’t find it in the Treaty of the European Union or in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The materi
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Csíder, Ibolya. "Possibilities of biodiversity conservation in agricultural fields." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 58 (April 8, 2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/58/1970.

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The biodiversity loss is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world. The objective of this paper is to present some nature conservation practices on agricultural land. Farmlands play a significant role to preserve biodiversity because some highly protected species can only find their needs on agricultural land. The Biodiversity Strategy of the European Union (2010-2020) creates new directives to reduce biodiversity loss, preserve and improve diversity, especially on agricultural land. Furthermore the importance of this subject is that the share of farmland in Hungary is much higher
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Vladimirovich, Bilalov Alexey, Golubtsov Valery Gennadievich, Makolkin Nikita Nikolayevich, and Khasanshin Ramil Ilgizovich. "Electronic evidence in civil proceedings." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-A (2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-a551p.23-27.

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This article examines the issues of electronic evidence - their legal nature, the procedure for a party disclosing and evaluation by the court. The author analyzes the works of both Russian and foreign experts on civil procedure, as well as on the issues of electronic technology. Furthermore, the authors have examined the previous related studies of Russian and foreign scholars, legislation of Great Britain, Germany, France and European experience represented by EU directives. In this study, it is attempted to consider not only the issues of exclusively legal analysis, but also the philosophy
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Vinokurov, Sergei Nikolaevich. "The effect of the principle of good faith in the EU law upon English contract law during Britain’s membership of the European Union." Международное право, no. 1 (January 2021): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2021.1.35273.

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The subject of this research is the effect of international legal representations of good faith reflected in the EU law upon English contract law pertaining to apparent borrowing and interpretation of this doctrine during Britain’s membership of the European Union. The author reviews the content of representations of good faith in English contract law, as well as probable changes of these views under the influence of EU law. The author determines the similarities and differences in interpretation of this concept in English common law during Britain’s membership of the Europ
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