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Journal articles on the topic 'Eucalyptus nobilis'
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1
Gleadow, Roslyn M., Anita C. Vecchies, and Ian E. Woodrow. "Cyanogenic Eucalyptus nobilis is polymorphic for both prunasin and specific β-glucosidases." Phytochemistry 63, no. 6 (July 2003): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00245-0.
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Veronez, Bruce, Mário Eidi Sato, and Roberto Lomba Nicastro. "Toxicidade de compostos sintéticos e naturais sobre Tetranychus urticae e o predador Phytoseiulus macropilis." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 4 (April 2012): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000400006.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade de compostos sintéticos e naturais sobre Tetranychus urticae e o predador Phytoseiulus macropilis. A mortalidade e a taxa de crescimento de T. urticae e seu predador foram avaliadas após a aplicação de: abamectina, clofentezina, fenpropatrina, fenpiroximato, propargito, enxofre e espiromesifeno, nas concentrações recomendadas; óleos de nim (Natuneem e Sempre Verde Killer Neem a 1%); e extratos aquosos a 10% de Dieffenbachia brasiliensis, Annona squamosa, Ruta graveolens, Agave angustifolia, Melia azedarach, Sonchus oleraceus, Mentha spicata x M. suaveolens, Allium cepa, Laurus nobilis e Eucalyptus saligna. A toxicidade aguda e a influência dos compostos sobre a taxa de crescimento instantâneo dos ácaros foram avaliadas em laboratório. Extratos de A. cepa, A. angustifolia, produtos à base de óleo de nim, espiromesifeno, propargito, fenpiroximato, abamectina e fenpropatrina causaram mortalidade superior a 83% em T. urticae. Extrato de A. angustifolia, Natuneem e clofentezina não causaram mortalidade significativa em P. macropilis. Agave angustifolia e Natuneem não afetaram significativamente a taxa de crescimento deste predador. Propargito, fenpiroximato, abamectina, fenpropatrina, espiromesifeno e extrato de L. nobilis afetaram severamente a população de P. macropilis.
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Capetti, Francesca, Cecilia Cagliero, Arianna Marengo, Carlo Bicchi, Patrizia Rubiolo, and Barbara Sgorbini. "Bio-Guided Fractionation Driven by In Vitro α-Amylase Inhibition Assays of Essential Oils Bearing Specialized Metabolites with Potential Hypoglycemic Activity." Plants 9, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091242.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by unpaired blood glycaemia maintenance. T2DM can be treated by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (α-amylases and α-glucosidases) to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia. Acarbose and voglibose are inhibitors used in clinical practice. However, these drugs are associated with unpleasant gastrointestinal side effects. This study explores new α-amylase inhibitors deriving from plant volatile specialized metabolites. Sixty-two essential oils (EOs) from different plant species and botanical families were subjected to α-amylase in vitro enzymatic assay and chemically characterized using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Several EOs were found to be potential α-amylase inhibitors, and Eucalyptus radiata, Laurus nobilis, and Myristicafragrans EOs displayed inhibitory capacities comparable to that of the positive control (i.e., acarbose). A bio-guided fractionation approach was adopted to isolate and identify the active fractions/compounds of Eucalyptus radiata and Myristica fragrans EOs. The bio-guided fractionation revealed that EOs α-amylase inhibitory activity is often the result of antagonist, additive, or synergistic interactions among their bioactive constituents and led to the identification of 1,8-cineole, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol, α-pinene, and β-pinene as bioactive compounds, also confirmed when they were tested singularly. These results demonstrate that EO oils are a promising source of potential α-amylase inhibitors.
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Boyko, Olexandra, and Viktor Brygadyrenko. "Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants." Folia Oecologica 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2021-0005.
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Abstract We studied the effect of essential oils from Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten., 1881, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, 1825, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, 1925, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, 1830, Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christmann) Swingle, 1913, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, 1939, Pterocarpus santalinus Linnaeus filius, 1782, Pelargonium graveolens L’Héritier, 1789, Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1861, Juniperus communis Linnaeus, 1753, Piper cubeba L.f., 1781, Calendula officinalis L., 1753, Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, 1753, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, 1768 and Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck (pro. sp.) on vitality of free-living larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898, and also survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) under in vitro conditions. The most notable nematicidal properties belong to 0.5% water emulsion of essential oils from C. verum and S. aromaticum: we observed 100% mortality of larvae of S. papillosus L1–3 and H. contortus L3.
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Little, Keith M., and Robin AW Gardner. "Coppicing ability of 20 Eucalyptus species grown at two high-altitude sites in South Africa." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-170.
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In the 1980s, Eucalyptus macarthurii and E. nitens were planted in the colder, higher altitude areas of South Africa to meet the increased demand for pulpwood. To find possible alternatives, six site × species interaction trials were planted in 19901991. Based on volume performance and pulping properties, E. badjensis, E. benthamii, E. oreades, E. nobilis, E. smithii, and E. fraxinoides were identified as having good commercial potential. Although the performance of the parent crop is important, the ability to coppice is advantageous because of lower reestablishment costs. To determine this, the ability for these species to coppice was assessed at 10 months after felling at two of the trial sites with widely different growing conditions (Broadholms in Mpumalanga province and Draycott in KwaZulu-Natal province). More than 80% of the living stumps of E. benthamii, E. smithii, E. quadrangulata, E. macarthurii, E. badjensis, E. dunnii, E. cypellocarpa, E. saligna, and E. elata had coppiced at both sites. At Draycott, an exposed, dry site, both E. smithii and E. benthamii could be considered as potential alternative species to E. nitens, because besides having good volume, both species coppiced well. At Broadholms, a more protected and slightly wetter site, the significantly better volume of E. fraxinoides (which did not coppice well) when compared with the other species would mean that a substantial saving in reestablishment costs via coppice regeneration would have to be made before one could consider this method of reestablishment.
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Ebrahimi, Mohammad, Mohammad Hasan Safaralizade, and Oroj Valizadegan. "Contact toxicity ofAzadirachta indica(Adr. Juss.),Eucalyptus camaldulensis(Dehn.) andLaurus nobilis(L.) essential oils on mortality cotton aphids,Aphis gossypiiGlover (Hem.: Aphididae)." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 46, no. 18 (November 2013): 2153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.774526.
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Ebrahimi, Mohammad, Mohammad Hasan Safaralizade, Oroj Valizadegan, and Bentol Hoda Hosaini Amin. "Efficacy of three plant essential oils,Azadirachta indica(Adr. Juss.),Eucalyptus camaldulensis(Dehn.) andLaurus nobilis(L.) on mortality cotton aphids,Aphis gossypiiGlover (Hem: Aphididae)." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 46, no. 9 (May 2013): 1093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.758347.
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Hoyos, Julián Mauricio Ágredo, Eduardo Alves, Luciane Cristina Rozwalka, Elaine Aparecida de Souza, and Walmes Marques Zeviani. "Antifungal activity and ultrastructural alterations in Pseudocercospora griseola treated with essential oils." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 36, no. 3 (June 2012): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542012000300002.
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Pseudocercospora griseola, the etiologic agent of angular leaf spot of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is an important disease in all bean-producing regions worldwide and may cause extremely high yield losses. The control of this disease is made more difficult by the pathogen's genetic variability and the inefficiency of fungicides. In this study, of 26 essential oils tested at different concentrations, 25 demonstrated efficiency in affecting the germination of strains 63-31 and 63-63 of the pathogen, reaching inhibition levels of between 80% and 100%. Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon martinii inhibited conidia germination at all concentrations; Eugenia caryophyllata, Cinnamomum sp., Thymus vulgaris, Matricaria recutita, Cordia verbenacea, Origanum vulgare, Cymbopogon nardus, at 0.1 and 0.5%; and Zingiber officinale, Mentha arvensis, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Lavandula officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Pimpinella anisum, Ocimum selloi, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Laurus nobilis, Citrus sinensis, Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus globulus, at 0.5%. The main constituents identified were cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamomum sp.; eugenol in E. caryophyllata; trans-β-farnesene in M. recutita; pulegone in C. verbenacea; thymol in T. vulgaris; geranial and neral in C. citratus, and geraniol in C. martini. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was verified that C. citratus, C. martini and E. caryophyllata presented direct fungitoxic action on P. griseola, causing severe damage to the cellular ultrastructure of the conidia, invalidating germination. These results indicated that essential oils are a promising alternative strategy for the control of angular leaf spot in bean, representing less risk to human health and the environment.
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Madeddu, Silvia, Alessandra Marongiu, Giuseppina Sanna, Carla Zannella, Danilo Falconieri, Silvia Porcedda, Aldo Manzin, and Alessandra Piras. "Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV): A Preliminary Study on Antiviral Properties of Some Aromatic and Medicinal Plants." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040403.
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Plant products provide an alternative and successful source of lead compounds for the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was aimed to evaluate, in cell-based assays, the antiviral properties of essential oils obtained from plants that commonly grow in Sardinia, Italy, against a broad spectrum of RNA/DNA viruses. The essential oils of Helichrisumitalicum (Roth) G. Don ssp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nyman, Laurus nobilis L., Mirtuscommunis L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Salvia officinalis L., Saturejathymbra L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Interestingly, the essential oil of Salvia officinalis showed moderate activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. BVDV is responsible for several clinical manifestations in bovines, including respiratory, gastroenteric, and reproductive diseases, with a significant economic impact. With the aim to individuate the constituent of the Salvia officinalis responsible for the biological activity, we tested the major components of the oil: camphene, β-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, cis-thujone, camphor, (E)-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Here, we describe α-humulene as an active component that is non-cytotoxic and active against BVDV (EC50 = 36 µM). Its antiviral effects were evaluated using virucidal cytopathic effect inhibition and viral yield reduction assays. This is the first scientific report showing the anti BVDV effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil and α-humulene as the main active component.
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Ulger, Ismail, Adem Kamalak, Ozer Kurt, Emrah Kaya, and Inan Guven. "Comparison of the chemical composition and anti-methanogenic potential of Liquidambar orientalis leaves with Laurus nobilis and Eucalyptus globulus leaves using an in vitro gas production technique." Ciencia e investigación agraria 44, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v44i1.1637.
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Esteves da Silva, Joaquim CG, Adélio ASC Machado, Miguel A. Ferreira, and Francisco Rey. "Method for the differentiation of leaf litter extracts and study of their interaction with Cu(II) by molecular fluorescence." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-150.
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Six leaf litter extracts (LLE) (eucalyptus (Eucaliptus globulus), fern (Pteridium aquilinium), oak (Quercus robur), chestnut (Castanea sátiva), laurel (Laurus nobilis), and ulex (Ulex europoeus) canopies) were isolated following an extraction procedure similar to that used for fulvic acids (FA) and were characterized by elemental analysis and UV-Vis, FT-IR, and synchronous molecular fluorescence (SyF) spectroscopies. Moreover, information about their interaction with the Cu(II) ion in aqueous solution (100 mg yL of LLE in 0.1 M KNO3 at pH = 6) was obtained from the measurement of SyF spectra at increasing concentrations of Cu(II). These spectral sets were treated by a self-modeling mixture analysis method (SIMPLISMA) to obtain improved quenching profiles to be used in the estimation by the method of Ryan and Weber of the conditional stability constants (Kc), concentration of binding sites, and percentage of fluorescent binding sites accessible for complexation. For comparison purposes, two samples of FA extracted from two horizons of an oak forest soil (0-5 cm and 5-15 cm) were also studied. The spectroscopic data obtained for LLE and FA were different. The results suggest that LLE are characterized by relatively high concentrations of individualized simple molecules and include reactive structures (alkene and protein residues). The ratio of aliphatic yaromatic structures was higher in LLE than for FA. Both LLE and soil FA form stable complexes with Cu(II), but the logarithm of the conditional stability constant of the 1:1 complexes is larger for LLE (about 5) than for the soil FA (about 4.5).Key words: leaf litter extracts, soil fulvic acids, synchronous fluorescence, Cu(II) complexation, SIMPLISMA, spectral pattern recognition.
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Hopper, Stephen D. "How well do phylogenetic studies inform the conservation of Australian plants?" Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99027.
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Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
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Hopper, Stephen D., and Bryan A. Barlow. "Obituary: Sidney Herbert James 1933-1998." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/btv48n3_ob.
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Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
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Coates, David J., and Stephen D. Hopper. "Preface to 'Genetics and Conservation of Australian Flora'." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/btv48n3_pr.
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Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
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Buchelos, C. TH. "Α New Host Plant for Scobicia cheνrieri (Villa) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 9 (June 2, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13994.
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Bostrychidae is primarily a family of wood-boring beetles, distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Many species are serious pests of growing trees and felled timber. One species, Rhysopertha dominica (F.), is a grain borer and the most frequently met among beetles infesting stored wheat in Greece (Buchelos 1981). Two other bostrychids, Dinoderus minutia (F.) and Dinoderus brevis Horn, have been recently found in Greece infesting bamboo articles imported from Hong-Kong and the Philippines respectively. Wooden parts (branches of 3 to 18 cm in diameter) of Brachychiton acerifolium Mull. and Brachychiton diversifolium G. Don. (Sterculiaceae) trees, widely used as ornamentals in alleys and parks in Attika, Greece, that have been cut and stored for one at least year in the open, were found heavily infested by bostrychid beetles and their larvae; the exterior of these branches was densely perforated by tunnel openings about 1,5 mm in diameter, while the interior presented an almost complete deterioration due to numerous galleries caused by the insects. Due to the fact that the living Brachychiton trees of the region examined were found infestation free, one is lead to the conclusion that the infestation occurred after felling; furthermore, the infestation on B. acerifolium seemed more severe than on B. diversifolium wooden parts. The identification of the adults, based on taxonomic keys of Lesne 1900, Renter 1911, Por to 1929, Portevin 1931 and Fisher 1950, lead to Scobicia chevrieri (Villa) and was confirmed by the identification group of the Bayerische Staatsamlung, Munich. The species belongs to the subfamily Bostrychinae, tribe Xyloperthini, genus Scobicia Lesne; it has also been found under the synonyms: Apate chevrieri Villa, Apate capilata Dejean, Xylopertha chevrieri J. Duval, Xylopertha foveicollis Allard, Xylopertha pustulate Kiesenwetter and Scobicia pustulate Jacobson. The adults found in the region of Attika, near Athens, are 3.3-4.5 mm long and 1.2 to 1.5 wide. S. chevrieri is reported being distributed in many regions of Italy from the Alpes and Tyrol to Sardinia and Sicily, across the French Mediterranean coast and Corsica, Spain (Malaga, Seville, Cordoba), Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Israel, Libanon, Syria, Caucasus, Crimea and Cyprus. In the relevant literature, S. chevrieri is recorded attacking mainly dead branches of the following plants: fig (Ficus sp.), mulberry (Maras sp.), green oak (Quercus ilex L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.), evergreen oak (Quercus coccifera L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), mastic-tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.), birch (Betula sp.), fox grape (Nibs lahrusca L.), pomegranate (Punica granatani), chestnut (Castanea sp.) and gem-tree (Eucalyptus spp.). Brachychiton spp. is recorded here for the first time as host of the insect.
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Kerimli, E. G., and S. V. Serkerov. "STUDY OF COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ACHILLEA NOBILIS L. ESSENTIAL OIL." Vestnik Farmacii 91, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2021.1.36.
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The component composition of nobleyarrow L. essential oil growing in Azerbaijan was studied for the first time by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. 35 components, mainly terpenoid compounds, are identified in the essential oil of which the main ones are 15 components: artemisia ketone (23,7%), α-thujone (22,4%), 2-bornanone (6,4%), eudesma-7(11)-en-4-ol (6,3%), eucalyptol (4,5%), cubenol (3,3%), lavandulol (3,0%), β-thujone (2,9%), β-eudesmol (2,7%), methyl hinokiate (2,1%), terpinene-4-ol (1,7%), 1,2-longidione (1,3%), limonen-6-ol, pivalate (1,2%), neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate (1,1%), сaryophyllene oxide (1,0%). As a result of noble yarrow essential oil research it was determined that, essential oil has high antimicrobial activity relative to Staphylacoccus aureus.
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Elkiran, Omer, Emel Akbaba, and Eyup Bagci. "Constituents of essential oils from leaves and seeds of Laurus nobilis L.: A chemotaxonomic approach." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47379.
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In the present study, chemical compositions of essential oils from seeds and leaves of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) were evaluated using GC-GC/MS system. Sixty nine different compounds were identified constituting 86.7% of the total oil from the seed, while 76 compounds were determined, constituting 95.8% of the total oil extracted from the leaves. The major compounds of essential oil from laurel seeds included eucalyptol (17.2%), α-terpinyl acetate (9.0%), caryophyllene oxide (6.1%), spathulenol (5.0%) and methyl eugenol (4.2%), constituting 41.5% of the total oil. However, eucalyptol (18.0%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.1%), sabinene (7.8%), α-pinene (4.5%), 2 (4-methoxyphenyl)-N,N,2-trimethyl-1-pyrroline (4.4%) were identified as the major compounds in the oil from laurel leaves, constituting 47.8% of the total oil. Eucalyptol and α- terpinyl acetate, belonging to monoterpenoids, were determined in the highest concentrations within both oils. However, the other principle compounds differ between the two volatile oils.
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Nafis, Ahmed, Ayoub Kasrati, Chaima Alaoui Jamali, Luísa Custódio, Sara Vitalini, Marcello Iriti, and Lahcen Hassani. "A Comparative Study of the in Vitro Antimicrobial and Synergistic Effect of Essential Oils from Laurus nobilis L. and Prunus armeniaca L. from Morocco with Antimicrobial Drugs: New Approach for Health Promoting Products." Antibiotics 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040140.
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Laurus nobilis L. (laurel, Lauraceae) and Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot, Rosaceae) are important industrial crops and display significant biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. In this work, essential oils (EOs) prepared from the leaves of both species from Morocco were evaluated for the first time for possible synergistic in vitro antibacterial and antifungal effects with some conventional antimicrobial drugs, namely fluconazole, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. Samples were further evaluated for chemical composition by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main volatile compounds detected in L. nobilis were eucalyptol (40.85%), α-terpinyl acetate (12.64%) and methyl eugenol (8.72%), while P. armeniaca was dominated essentially by (Z)-phytol (27.18%), pentacosane (15.11%), nonacosane (8.76%) and benzaldehyde (7.25%). Regarding antimicrobial activity, both EOs inhibited significantly all the microorganisms tested. The EO from L. nobilis had the highest activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1.39 to 22.2 mg/mL for bacteria and between 2.77 and 5.55 mg/mL for yeasts. Conversely, the combination of the studied EOs with ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and fluconazol resulted in a noteworthy decrease in their individual MICs. In fact, of the 32 interactions tested, 23 (71.87%) demonstrated total synergism and 9 (28.12%) a partial synergistic interaction. The EO from L. nobilis exhibited the highest synergistic effect with all the antibiotics used, with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index values in the range of 0.266 to 0.75 for bacteria, and between 0.258 and 0.266 for yeast. The synergistic interaction between the studied EOs and standard antibiotics may constitute promising anti-infective agents useful for treating diseases induced by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Lee, Eun Hye, Jin Hak Shin, Seon Sook Kim, Ji-Hye Joo, Eunmi Choi, and Su Ryeon Seo. "Suppression of Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Skin Inflammation by Laurus nobilis Extract and Its Major Constituent Eucalyptol." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 3510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143510.
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Acne is an inflammatory skin disorder in puberty with symptoms including papules, folliculitis, and nodules. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is the main anaerobic bacteria that cause acne. It is known to proliferate within sebum-blocked skin hair follicles. P. acnes activates monocytic cell immune responses to induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Although the anti-inflammatory function of the Laurus nobilis (L. nobilis) extract (LNE) on several immunological disorders have been reported, the effect of LNE in P. acnes-mediated skin inflammation has not yet been explored. In the present study, we examined the ability of the LNE to modulate the P. acnes-induced inflammatory signaling pathway, and evaluated its mechanism. LNE significantly suppressed the expression of P. acnes-mediated proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and NLRP3. We also found that LNE inhibited the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in response to P. acnes. In addition, eucalyptol, which is the main constituent of LNE, consistently inhibited P. acnes-induced inflammatory signaling pathways. Moreover, LNE significantly ameliorated P. acnes-induced inflammation in a mouse model of acne. We suggest for the first time that LNE hold therapeutic value for the improvement of P. acnes-induced skin inflammation.
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Karimli, El'vin Gadzhi ogly, El'dar Kochari ogly Kasumov, Siradzheddin Veli ogly Serkerov, Yusif Balakerim ogly Kerimov, Fuad Guseynali ogly Rzayev, Sevda Agarakhim kyzy Muradova, and Sabina Alifaga kyzy Israfilova. "STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL ACHILLEA NOBILIS L. AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL INFLU-ENCE ON CHANGE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021017446.
Full textAbstract:
The component composition of the Achillea. nobilis essential oil, which grows in Azerbaijan, was studied for the first time by the gas-chromato-mass spectrometry method. In the essential oil, 35 components are identified, of which the predominant are artemisia ketone (23.706%), thujone 22.400%), 2-bornanone (6,367%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (6.321%), eucalyptol (4.507%), cubenol (3.317%), lavandulol (2.975%), β-thujone (2.933%), β-eudesmol (2.702%), methyl hinokiate (2.108%), terpinen-4-ol (1.715%), 1,2-longidione (1.313%), limonene-6-ol, pivalate (1.188%), neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate (1.120%), caryophyllene oxide (1.014%).
The effect of A. nobilis essential oil on the ultrastructural organization of bacteria (S. aureus) was studied using transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that under the influence of essential oil, a violation of the plasma permeability of the plasma membrane is observed, accompanied by diffusion of the fine-grained osmiophilic precipitate of the destroyed cytoplasmic structures, which leads to the loss of the layered structure of the wall elements and to a significant compaction of the matrix in comparison with the control preparations. The death of bacterial cells was observed with complete destruction of the integrity of all structures that make up their wall. Along with this, on ultrathin sections, focal accumulations of dead bacterial cells are found, surrounded by structurally changed elements of their walls. The remains of destructively altered fragments of CP are found on various parts of unseparated bacterial cells. All of the above shows that the essential oil of A. nobilis has a pronounced antibacterial activity.
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Moumni, Marwa, Gianfranco Romanazzi, Basma Najar, Luisa Pistelli, Hajer Ben Amara, Kaies Mezrioui, Olfa Karous, Ikbal Chaieb, and Mohamed Bechir Allagui. "Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Seven Essential Oils to Control the Main Seedborne Fungi of Cucurbits." Antibiotics 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020104.
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Essential oils represent novel alternatives to application of synthetic fungicides to control against seedborne pathogens. This study investigated seven essential oils for in vitro growth inhibition of the main seedborne pathogens of cucurbits. Cymbopogon citratus essential oil completely inhibited mycelial growth of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum and Alternaria alternata at 0.6 and 0.9 mg/mL, respectively. At 1 mg/mL, Lavandula dentata, Lavandula hybrida, Melaleuca alternifolia, Laurus nobilis, and two Origanum majorana essential oils inhibited mycelia growth of A. alternata by 54%, 71%, 68%, 36%, 90%, and 74%, respectively. S. cucurbitacearum mycelia growth was more sensitive to Lavandula essential oils, with inhibition of ~74% at 1 mg/mL. To determine the main compounds in these essential oils that might be responsible for this antifungal activity, they were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). C. citratus essential oil showed cirtal as its main constituent, while L. dentata and L. nobilis essential oils showed eucalyptol. The M. alternifolia and two O. majorana essential oils had terpinen-4-ol as the major constituent, while for L. hybrida essential oil, this was linalool. Thus, in vitro, these essential oils can inhibit the main seedborne fungi of cucurbits, with future in vivo studies now needed to confirm these activities.
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Yero Haber, Rut Benita, and Julio César Escalona Arranz. "Usos etnofarmacológicos de plantas en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Santiago de Cuba." Orange Journal 2, no. 4 (May 15, 2021): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46502/issn.2710-995x/2020.4.01.
Full textAbstract:
Existe una marcada tendencia en la utilización empírica de plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles siendo necesario el inventario de las mismas. En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio etnofarmacológico, exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo en comunidades urbanas y rurales de Santiago de Cuba. Se entrevistaron un total de 100 pacientes, realizando la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica de la comunidad; el análisis de las variables relativas al uso de plantas medicinales y la selección de especies vegetales con potencialidades para el desarrollo de estudios fitoquímicos y farmacológicos. Los entrevistados refirieron las especies más empleadas para el tratamiento de sus enfermedades crónicas, prevaleciendo el sexo femenino, el grupo de edades comprendido entre 40 y 59 años de edad y el nivel de escolaridad en la enseñanza técnico-profesional. Se informaron un total de 51 especies, agrupadas 34 familias. Las plantas con mayores niveles de uso significativo, índice de valor de uso e índice de fidelidad fueron, en el municipio Santiago de Cuba: Allium sativum L. y Ocimum gratissimum (L.) (IF=96%), Chamaemelum nobile L. y Eucalyptus maculata (IF=90%), mientras que en Songo La Maya: Calendula officinalis (L.), Carica papaya (L.) (IF=100%) y Citrus reticulate (IF=95.65%). Las especies con mayores potencialidades para futuros estudios fitoquímicos y farmacológicos resultaron ser: Eucalyptus maculata, Camellia sinensis, Ocimum gratissimum L, Psidium guajaba L, Persea americana, Anacardium occidentale L., Nasturtiumo fficinale R. Br, Zingiber officinale, Citrus paradise, Plectranthus neochillus Benth ex E. Meg y Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &Arn.
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Nagal, Raphael Kevin I. "Development of Chalk from Selected Herbs as Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) Repellents." JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research 35, no. 1 (February 27, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v35i1.654.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning each year and up to 220,000 deaths primarily in developing countries. Commercial repellents and pesticides, aside from being expensive, also contain chemicals that, when ingested, may pose further threats to the health of humans. The study aims to determine which plant preparation (bay leaf, garlic, peppermint, eucalyptus at 25%, 50% and 75% each) were able to form chalk and can repel the P. americana. Endemic and accessible plants namely, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), garlic (Allium sativum), peppermint (Mentha piperita), bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) were used in this study as Periplaneta americana repellent in the form of chalk. Using a Completely Randomized Design, results revealed that the type of plant preparation and chalk formation are independent. All plant preparations repelled the P. americana. Based on the means of distances (cm) of repulsions, it was revealed that 75% Peppermint preparation has the highest repulsion mean of 80.67cm based on three trials. Hence, it is highly suggested that 75% and 50% Mentha piperita, as well as 75% Eucalyptus globulus, should be manufactured for commercial production based on the results of this study.
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Hayova, V. P. "Discostroma fuscellum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 189 (July 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20113378953.
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Abstract A description is provided for Discostroma fuscellum (Leptosphaeria fuscella), which sometimes causes postharvest rot of apples. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa, Canada (British Columbia, Ontario), USA (Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), Chile, Venezuela, Armenia, Bhutan, China, Republic of Georgia, India (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh), Israel, Japan, Pakistan, Turkey, Australia (New South Wales), New Zealand, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Kursk oblast, Leningradskaya oblast, Lipetsk oblast, Moscow oblast, Smolensk oblast, Tula oblast, Voronezh oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine and UK), hosts (Acer rubrum, Acer sp., Alnus glutinosa, Alnus sp., Amelanchier sp., Prunus tenella, Arbutus unedo, Aronia melanocarpa, Bagnisiella sp., Berberis heteropoda, Betula pubescens var. pubescens, Carpinus caroliniana, Carya sp., Catha edulis, Chaenomeles japonica, Epilobium angustifolium, Clitoria ternatea, Comptonia sp., Cornus alba, Cornus alba var. sibirica, Cornus asperifolia, Cornus florida, Cornus mas, Cornus pubescens, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Cotinus coggygria, Crataegus chrysocarpa, Crataegus laevigata, Oxyacantha mollis, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus pinnatifida, Crataegus pinnatifida var. major, Crataegus sp., Cydonia oblonga, Dryas ajanensis subsp. beringensis, Epilobium sp., Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus sp., Euonymus europaeus, Euonymus latifolius, Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata, Hippophae rhamnoides, Hyptis suaveolens, Juniperus communis, Juniperus sp., Kerria sp., Prunus laurocerasus, Laurus nobilis, Laurus sp., Rhododendron groenlandicum, Leucopogon sp., Malus baccata, M. domestica, M. hupehensis, M. prunifolia, M. pumila, M. pumila var. domestica, M. sylvestris, Malus sp., Mespilus sp., Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonia sp., Pentaphylloides friedrichsenii, Philadelphus coronarius, Pimelea ligustrina, Pimelea ligustrina var. hypericina, Populus nigra, Sanguisorba minor, Prunus avium, Prunus domestica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus salicina, Prunus spinosa, Prunus sp., Pyrus communis, Pyrus sp., Quercus pubescens, Q. robur, Q. suber, Quercus sp., Rhododendron catawbiense, Rhododendron japonicum, Rhododendron sp., Ribes alpinum, Ribes americanum, Ribes aureum, Ribes floridum, Ribes frondium, Ribes sp., Rosa alba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa blanda, Rosa canina, Rosa centifolia, Rosa damascena, Rosa davidii, Rosa davurica, Rosa discolor, Rosa virginiana, Rosa multiflora, Rosa nutkana, Rosa odorata, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Rosa rubiginosa, Rosa rugosa, Rosa sherardii, Rosa woodsii, Rosa sp., Rosaceae indet., Rubus armeniacus, Rubus australis, Rubus caesius, Rubus cissoides, Rubus fruticosus, Rubus cockburnianus, Rubus idaeus, Rubus loganobaccus, Rubus macrostemonides, Rubus plicatus, Rubus strigosus, Rubus suberectus, Rubus grabowskii, Rubus inermis, Rubus ursinus, Rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus, Rubus sp., Salix alba, Salix aurita, Salix caprea, Salix fragilis, Salix exigua subsp. interior, Salix longifolia, Salix sp., Sassafras albidum, Sassafras sp., Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus colchica, Sorbus discolor, Sorbus hostii, Sorbus hybrida, Sorbus intermedia, Sorbus aucuparia subsp. sibirica, Sorbus suecica, Sorbus torminalis, Staphylea pinnata, Staphylea trifolia, Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis, Thuja occidentalis, Ulex europaeus, Ulmus sp., Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium sp., Viburnum lentago, Viburnum tinus, Viburnum sp., Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, Vitis vinifera and Vitis sp.) and associated fungi (Apioporthe vepris, Coryneum foliicola, Diplodia sp., Dothidea ribesia, Glomerella cingulata, Hendersonia foliorum, Pestalotiopsis sp., Phoma pomorum, Phoma sp., Diaporthe incarcerata, Saccothecium sepincola, Seimatosporium caudatum, Seimatosporium pestalozzioides, Seimatosporium rosae, Seimatosporium sp., Seiridium marginatum, Truncatella truncata and Valsa ambiens).