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1

Sims, R. W. "Eudrilinae from southern Nigeria and a taximetric appraisal of the family Eudrilidae (Oligochaeta)." Journal of Zoology 164, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 529–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb01334.x.

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2

Padashetty, Sharanappa, and Murali Jadesh. "An Preliminary Survey of Earthworm Species Composition and Distribution in Thenorth Karnataka Region, Gulbarga, Karnataka." International Letters of Natural Sciences 27 (October 2014): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.27.54.

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A preliminary survey on earthworm species from north Karnataka region, Gulbarga district, Karnataka state, India, has been conducted from January 2012 to December 2013. Survey was conducted in three regions of Gulbarga district i.e. Afzalpur, Chittapur, and Sedam taluk. Six species of earthworms were identified belonging to four families namely lumbricidae, Octochaetidae, Megascolecidae and Eudrilidae. Eisenia fetida belonging to family lumbricidae, Dichogaster bolaui belong to family Octochaetidae, Polypheretima elongate, Perionyx sansibaricus and Perionyx excavates belong to family Megascolecidae and Eudrilus eugeniae belonging to family Eudrilidae. Among the species, Eudrilus eugeniae does not occur naturally and are produced from external sources for vermicomposting units.
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3

Owa, S. O. "A new earthworm genus (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) from Nigeria." Journal of Natural History 29, no. 3 (June 1995): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939500770191.

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4

ALADESIDA, A. A., and S. O. OWA. "FOUR NEW EARTHWORM GENERA (ANNELIDA: OLIGOCHAETA) FROM NIGERIA." Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v14i1.1497.

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The taxonomy of earthworms in Nigeria has been mainly on the family Eudrilidae. The present work describes four new earthworm genera belonging to earthworm families other than the Eudrilidae. Earthworm samples were collected using the digging and hand-sorting method. The earthworms are preserved in formoacetic alcohol. The four taxa described here include Imekodrilus hexagastricus (family Moniligastridae), Adodrilus stephana (family Megascolecidae), Parnematogenia eyinwaensis and Ekitidrilus alabataensis(family Ocnerodrilidae). Imekodrilus hexagastricus from Imeko, Ogun State has six gizzards, characteristic of members of the family Moniligastridae. The genus Adodrilus is compared with 3 earthworm genera, Diporochaeta, Plutellus and Perionyx. The genus and species lacks gizzards. The calciferous glands (a pair) are present, with left and right united in segment X. Four individuals of P. eyinwaensis were collected from Eyinwa, Odogbolu Local Government Area of OgunState. The species is here described as having same position and number of calciferous glands, testes and male pores as the genus Nematogenia. Also described here is E. alabataensis, which was collected from both Ado-Ekiti and Alabata, south west Nigeria. These four genera and species are here presented as new taxa of earthworms from southwest Nigeria.ª¤?
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5

Owa, S. O. "Two new species ofBeddardiella(Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta: Annelida) from Nigeria." Journal of Natural History 30, no. 7 (July 1996): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770521.

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6

Tondoh, Jérôme Ebagnerin, and Patrick Lavelle. "Population dynamics of Hyperiodrilus africanus (Oligochaeta, Eudrilidae) in Ivory Coast." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 5 (July 25, 2005): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002506.

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The population dynamics of the exotic earthworm Hyperiodrilus africanus was investigated in a secondary forest of the Natural Reserve of Lamto (Ivory Coast) over a period of 19 mo. The objectives were to assess seasonal abundance patterns and to determine the adaptive strategies of this species. Each month, 10 soil samples of 100×100×40 cm and 20 monolith samples of 25×25×30 cm were randomly excavated in a plot of 50×95 m and earthworms were extracted by both hand-sorting and wash-sieving methods. The results show significant inter-annual and seasonal fluctuations in population size. Three factors are likely to control population dynamics: (1) rainfall, (2) soil water content and (3) seasonality. The dry season appears to be the most important environmental factor that regulates population abundance when predation, density-dependent regulation and competition phenomena are ignored. Hyperiodrilus africanus exhibited an r strategy, suggesting a high ability to recover populations affected by drought.
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7

Jamieson, B. G. M. "A taxonomic review of the African megadrile genus Stuhlmannia (Eudrilidae, Oligochaeta)." Journal of Zoology 152, no. 1 (August 20, 2009): 79–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1967.tb01640.x.

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8

Zicsi, A. "Beitrag zur Regenwurmfauna Ostafrikas (Oligochaeta, Eudrilidae), mit Beschreibung einer neuen Polytoreutus-Art." Revue suisse de zoologie. 104 (1997): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80022.

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9

Owa, Stephen Olugbemiga. "Description of a new earthworm species,Nsukkadrilus funmie(Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta: Annelida) from Nigeria." South African Journal of Zoology 32, no. 1 (January 1997): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1997.11448419.

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10

Csuzdi, Csaba, and Jerôme Ebagnerin Tondoh. "New and little‐known earthworm species from the Ivory Coast (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae:Benhamiinaeand Eudrilidae)." Journal of Natural History 41, no. 41-44 (December 2007): 2551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701742629.

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11

Tiho, Seydou, N'guetta Moise Ehouman, and Mamadou Dagnogo. "Aggregation And Spatial Coexistence of Earthworm Community in Grassy Savanna of Lamto (Côte d’Ivoire)." Journal of Biology and Life Science 6, no. 2 (March 13, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v6i2.6975.

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Understanding of mechanisms by which species spatially coexist, come from the theoretical framework and has focussed on spatial competition. Earthworms were sampled in rainy season on a grid obtained from grassy savanna to explore spatial competition. We used geostatistical analysis to assess spatial dependence within community between different population patterns. Empirical results revealed among earthworm community two groups of species appeared of interest in term of association. The Eudrilidae species (Stuhlmannia porifera, Chuniodrilus zielae, and Chuniodrilus sp1) on the one part were negatively associated with Millsonia omodeoi (Megascolecidae) on the other part, whereas we observed significant positive association between C.zielae and S.porifera. This study indicates that the competitive interaction structures the community and this competition is detected through reduced density of one competitor when they spatially collocated.
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12

McNeill, Marilyn A., and R. C. Anderson. "Development of Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in terrestrial oligochaetes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-219.

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Development of Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Zeder, 1800) in the egg was studied at 5–10, 23–26, and 32–35 °C. Embryonic development occurred at 23–26 and 32–35 °C, but ceased at 5–10 °C. Development resumed in eggs transferred from the cold temperature to 23–26 °C. First-stage larvae moulted within eggs and second-stage larvae were infective to the terrestrial oligochaetes Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) (Eudrilidae) and Eisenia fetida (Savigny) (Lumbricidae). In earthworms, second-stage larvae developed in the ventral blood vessel and moulted there 21–23 days postinfection. Third-stage larvae were infective to the definitive host after 4–5 weeks of development and remained infective for at least 1 year. Larvae were nonpathogenic to earthworms.
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13

HERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA, LUIS MANUEL, JESÚS ENRIQUE BURGOS-GUERRERO, BIANCA TAMIRES SILVA DOS SANTOS, GUILLAUME XAVIER ROUSSEAU, and SAMUEL WOOSTER JAMES. "Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon." Zootaxa 4496, no. 1 (October 4, 2018): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35.

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We describe three new species of the earthworm genus Holoscolex from the Gurupi Biological Reserve in Maranhão state, Brazil. The Reserve, with the Indigenous Territories Awá, Caru, Alto Turiaçu and Alto Rio Guamá represent the last continuous forest remnants of the Belém Endemism Area, the most deforested and threatened area of Brazilian Amazonia. Holoscolex dossantosi sp. nov. has tubercula pubertatis looking like double bands, Holoscolex alatus sp. nov. presents alate tubercula pubertatis, and Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. has testis sacs and several intraclitellar atrial glands associated with genital markings between XIX and XXII. The presence of these unusual characters in Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. suggests that this species could be an evolutionary transitional stage linking Eudrilidae and more recent Glossoscolecidae genera.
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14

Owa, S. O. "Descriptions of two new earthworm species,Iridodrilus abujaensisandIridodrilus furcothecata(Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta: Annelida) from Nigeria." South African Journal of Zoology 29, no. 4 (January 1994): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1994.11448356.

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15

Plisko, Jadwiga Danuta. "Megadrile Earthworm Taxa Introduced to South African Soils (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae)." African Invertebrates 51, no. 2 (December 2010): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0204.

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16

Tondoh, E. J. "Effect of coffee residues on growth and reproduction of Hyperiodrilus africanus (Oligochaeta, Eudrilidae) in Ivory Coast." Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, no. 4 (April 9, 1998): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050385.

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17

Owa, S. O. "Descriptions of two newIridodrilusspecies and a re-examination of the earthworm generaHeliodrilusBeddard,IridodrilusBeddard andSeguniaSims (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Eudrilidae)." Journal of Natural History 28, no. 1 (February 1994): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770021.

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18

SIMS, R. W. "INTERNAL FERTILIZATION AND THE FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE FEMALE AND SPERMATHECALSYSTEMS IN NEW EARTHWORMS FROM GHANA (EUDRILIDAE: OLIGOCHAETA)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 143, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 587–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1964.tb03883.x.

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19

JAMES, SAMUEL W., and GILDAS BRICE DIVINA. "Earthworms (Clitellata: Acanthodrilidae, Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae) of the coastal region of Gamba, Ogooué-Maritime Province, southwestern Gabon." Zootaxa 3458, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3458.1.7.

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This is the first account of earthworms from the Gamba Complex of Protected Areas, a highly biodiverse coastal area ofequatorial Africa. We describe five new species of Dichogaster Beddard, 1888: Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus)moussavoui sp. nov., D. (Diplothecodrilus) tchignoumbai sp. nov., D. (Diplothecodrilus) tobii sp. nov., D.(Diplothecodrilus) alonsoi sp. nov., and D. (Dichogaster) gambaensis sp. nov.; report several more taxa for which thematerial was not adequate to serve as the basis for new species descriptions, and present new records of several exoticspecies. Coastal Gamba is now known to have ten indigenous species and four introduced species, some of which areknown invasives. Characteristics shared by several Gamba Dichogaster conflict with characters used to define subgenera of Dichogaster, indicating that additional data are needed to resolve relationships within this large taxon.
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20

Sims, R. W. "A new genus of west African earthworm with notes on the identity of Iridodrilus Beddard, 1897 (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta)." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 48 (February 28, 1985): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.23458.

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21

Weis Clausen, Martha. "Description of seven new species ofLibyodrilusBeddard from Cameroon, with a key to the species of the genus (Oligochaeta: Eudrilidae)." Journal of Natural History 38, no. 15 (August 2004): 1851–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613575.

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22

Csuzdi, Cs, E. Sherlock, M. Talla Kouete, and T. M. Doherty-Bone. "Four New Earthworm Species from the Highlands of Cameroon with Description of a New GenusOkudrilusgen. n. (Oligochaeta: Eudrilidae & Acanthodrilidae)." African Invertebrates 56, no. 1 (June 2015): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0103.

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23

DE ASSIS, José Eriberto, José Roberto Botelho SOUZA, Maria Laís Martins VIEIRA, João Vitor NUNES DE SOUZA, Gilberto Gonçalves RODRIGUES, and Martin Lindsey CHRISTOFFERSEN. "A catalogue of the Eudrilidae and Megascolecidae (Clitellata: Lumbricina)from South America, with two new records of exotic species from Brazil." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 41 (2017): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1604-74.

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24

NGUYEN, TUNG T., ANH D. NGUYEN, BINH T. T. TRAN, and ROBERT J. BLAKEMORE. "A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae)." Zootaxa 4140, no. 1 (July 25, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1.

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25

Guéi, Arnauth Martinez, Yannick Baidai, Jérôme Ebagnerin Tondoh, and Jeroen Huising. "Functional attributes: Compacting vs decompacting earthworms and influence on soil structure." Current Zoology 58, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.4.556.

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Abstract A short term field mesocosm experiment was performed in semi-deciduous forest areas of Ivory Coast to assess the impact of a decompacting (Hyperiodrilus africanus, Eudrilidae) and two compacting (Millsonia omodeoi and Dichogaster terraenigrae, Acanthodrilidae) earthworm species on soil properties. These species have been selected for their predominance in the region and their contrasting impact on soil structure. The experimental design consisted of a treatment without worms (control), and treatments with one, two or three species of earthworms. Both compacting and decompacting earthworms increased water infiltration rate in all treatments, with marked impact in H. africanus and M. omodeoi+D. terraenigrae treatments. Interactions between compacting and decompacting species resulted in more large aggregates in comparison to when the compacting species D. terraenigrae was alone. This may be accounted for by their compacting attribute as compacting earthworms are responsible for producing the highest number of large aggregates. The low values of mean weight diameter in treatments combining decompacting and compacting earthworms compared with compacting “M. omodeoi” one also confirmed the trend of decline in soil compaction in the presence of the decompacting species. These results showed positive impact of species richness on soil structure regulation, which is crucial in ecosystem productivity and support consequently the insurance hypothesis. In fact, this study showed that the preservation of earthworm species belonging to these two contrasting functional groups is essential for the maintenance of stable soil structure regulation in agro-tropical ecosystems.
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26

Plisko, Jadwiga D., and Thembeka C. Nxele. "An Annotated Key Separating Foreign Earthworm Species from the Indigenous South African taxa (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Microchaetidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Tritogeniidae)." African Invertebrates 56, no. 3 (December 2015): 663–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0312.

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27

., O. A. Sogbesan, and C. T. Madu . "Evaluation of Earthworm (Hyperiodrilus euryaulos, Clausen, 1914; Oligocheata: Eudrilidae) Meal as Protein Feedstuff in Diets for Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes, 1840 (Teleostei, Clariidae) Fingerlings Under Laboratory Condition." Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2008.23.31.

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28

CSUZDI, CSABA, EMILIA ROTA, TÍMEA SZEDERJESI, EMMA SHERLOCK, GEORGE G. BROWN, CHIH-HAN CHANG, DARIO DIAZ COSIN, et al. "Description of a new Central African earthworm, Petroscolex centenarius gen. et sp. nov. (Crassiclitellata, Eudrilidae), celebrating the 100th birthday of Pietro Omodeo." Zootaxa 4674, no. 5 (September 27, 2019): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.1.

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Prof. Pietro Omodeo (University of Siena, Italy), the world-renowned earthworm taxonomist and evolutionary biologist, was born in Cefalù, Sicily, Italy on the 27th September, 1919. He celebrates his 100th birthday in 2019 and members of the international community of earthworm taxonomists salute him with Petroscolex centenarius gen. et sp. nov., a new megadrile taxon discovered in 1991 by him but which has not been formally described until now. The many important contributions of Omodeo to oligochaetological research are briefly mentioned.
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29

Segun, A. O., and S. O. Owa. "Two newKeffiaspecies (Eudrilinae: Oligochaeta) from Nigeria." Journal of Natural History 24, no. 6 (December 1990): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939000770861.

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30

Owa, O. S, Olowoparija, B. S, Aladesida, A, Dedeke, and A. G. "Enteric bacteria and fungi of the Eudrilid earthworm Libyodrilus violaceus." African Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 17 (May 9, 2013): 1760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.103.

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31

Bedard, Frank E. "3. On some new Species of Earthworms of the Family Eudrilide belonging to the Genera Polytoreutcts, Neumanniella, and Eminoscolesae from Mt. Ruwenzori." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 77, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1907.tb01826.x.

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32

Sims, R. W. "Internal fertilization in Eudrilid earthworms with the description of a new Pareudriline genus and species (Oligochaeta) from Ghana." Journal of Zoology 157, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01714.x.

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33

Mambrasar, Rini, Keliopas Krey, and Sita Ratnawati. "KEANEKARAGAMAN, KERAPATAN, DAN DOMINANSI CACING TANAH DI BENTANG ALAM PEGUNUNGAN ARFAK." VOGELKOP: Jurnal Biologi 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/vogelkopjbio.v1i1.30.

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ABSTRAKCacing tanah memiliki peran ekologis yang sangat esensi dalam tanah. Dalam kondisi alamiah keanekaragaman, kerapatan dan dominansi spesies cacing tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh letak geografis, kondisi biotik dan abiotik habitat, termasuk iklim. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, kerapatan dan dominansi spesies cacing tanah di bentang alam Pegunungan Arfak. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di empat habitat berbeda mewakili dataran rendah hingga dataran tinggi yaitu Laguna Kabori, Sungai Prafi, Danau Anggi Giji dan Sungai Iray Anggi. Total 56 individu diidentifikasi menjadi tujuh spesies mewakili tiga famili yaitu Lumbricidae, Eudrilidae, dan Megascolecidae berdasarkan ciri-ciri morfologi antara lain: bentuk tubuh, panjang tubuh, jumlah segmen, letak dan warna klitelum, permukaan kulit, prostomium, gerakan, lubang dorsal dan warna tubuh. Hasil analisis terhadap faktor abiotik menunjukan bahwa suhu, kelembaban dan pH merupakan kunci penting bagi distribusi, keanekaragaman, kelimpahan dan dominansi spesies cacing tanah di bentang alam Pegunungan Arfak.
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