Academic literature on the topic 'Eukaryotic cytoskeleton'

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Journal articles on the topic "Eukaryotic cytoskeleton"

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Wickstead, Bill, and Keith Gull. "The evolution of the cytoskeleton." Journal of Cell Biology 194, no. 4 (2011): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201102065.

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The cytoskeleton is a system of intracellular filaments crucial for cell shape, division, and function in all three domains of life. The simple cytoskeletons of prokaryotes show surprising plasticity in composition, with none of the core filament-forming proteins conserved in all lineages. In contrast, eukaryotic cytoskeletal function has been hugely elaborated by the addition of accessory proteins and extensive gene duplication and specialization. Much of this complexity evolved before the last common ancestor of eukaryotes. The distribution of cytoskeletal filaments puts constraints on the l
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Stidwill, Robert P., and Urs F. Greber. "Intracellular Virus Trafficking Reveals Physiological Characteristics of the Cytoskeleton." Physiology 15, no. 2 (2000): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.2.67.

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Virus particles that infect eukaryotic cells can take advantage of the cytoskeleton and associated motors to translocate through the cytoplasm. Depending on the virus, motor proteins are recruited or, alternatively, cytoskeletal elements are induced to polymerize onto viral structures. Here we review recent advances toward understanding the roles of the cytoskeleton in virus trafficking.
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Hoyt, M. A., A. A. Hyman, and M. Bahler. "Motor proteins of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, no. 24 (1997): 12747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.24.12747.

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Kiessling, Justine, Sven Kruse, Stefan A. Rensing, Klaus Harter, Eva L. Decker, and Ralf Reski. "Visualization of a Cytoskeleton-like Ftsz Network in Chloroplasts." Journal of Cell Biology 151, no. 4 (2000): 945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.151.4.945.

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It has been a long-standing dogma in life sciences that only eukaryotic organisms possess a cytoskeleton. Recently, this belief was questioned by the finding that the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ resembles tubulin in sequence and structure and, thus, may be the progenitor of this major eukaryotic cytoskeletal element. Here, we report two nuclear-encoded plant ftsZ genes which are highly conserved in coding sequence and intron structure. Both their encoded proteins are imported into plastids and there, like in bacteria, they act on the division process in a dose-dependent manner. Wherea
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Akıl, Caner, Linh T. Tran, Magali Orhant-Prioux, et al. "Insights into the evolution of regulated actin dynamics via characterization of primitive gelsolin/cofilin proteins from Asgard archaea." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 33 (2020): 19904–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009167117.

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Asgard archaea genomes contain potential eukaryotic-like genes that provide intriguing insight for the evolution of eukaryotes. The eukaryotic actin polymerization/depolymerization cycle is critical for providing force and structure in many processes, including membrane remodeling. In general, Asgard genomes encode two classes of actin-regulating proteins from sequence analysis, profilins and gelsolins. Asgard profilins were demonstrated to regulate actin filament nucleation. Here, we identify actin filament severing, capping, annealing and bundling, and monomer sequestration activities by gel
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Moseley, James B. "An expanded view of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 11 (2013): 1615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0732.

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A rich and ongoing history of cell biology research has defined the major polymer systems of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Recent studies have identified additional proteins that form filamentous structures in cells and can self-assemble into linear polymers when purified. This suggests that the eukaryotic cytoskeleton is an even more complex system than previously considered. In this essay, I examine the case for an expanded definition of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and present a series of challenges for future work in this area.
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PULLARKAT, P., P. FERNANDEZ, and A. OTT. "Rheological properties of the Eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton." Physics Reports 449, no. 1-3 (2007): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2007.03.002.

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Trépout, Sylvain, and Anne Marie Wehenkel. "Bacterial Tubulins: A Eukaryotic-Like Microtubule Cytoskeleton." Trends in Microbiology 25, no. 10 (2017): 782–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2017.08.004.

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Porter, Susannah M. "Insights into eukaryogenesis from the fossil record." Interface Focus 10, no. 4 (2020): 20190105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0105.

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Eukaryogenesis—the process by which the eukaryotic cell emerged—has long puzzled scientists. It has been assumed that the fossil record has little to say about this process, in part because important characters such as the nucleus and mitochondria are rarely preserved, and in part because the prevailing model of early eukaryotes implies that eukaryogenesis occurred before the appearance of the first eukaryotes recognized in the fossil record. Here, I propose a different scenario for early eukaryote evolution than is widely assumed. Rather than crown group eukaryotes originating in the late Pal
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Koonin, Eugene V. "Origin of eukaryotes from within archaea, archaeal eukaryome and bursts of gene gain: eukaryogenesis just made easier?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1678 (2015): 20140333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0333.

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The origin of eukaryotes is a fundamental, forbidding evolutionary puzzle. Comparative genomic analysis clearly shows that the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) possessed most of the signature complex features of modern eukaryotic cells, in particular the mitochondria, the endomembrane system including the nucleus, an advanced cytoskeleton and the ubiquitin network. Numerous duplications of ancestral genes, e.g. DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases and proteasome subunits, also can be traced back to the LECA. Thus, the LECA was not a primitive organism and its emergence must have resulted fro
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eukaryotic cytoskeleton"

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Cain, R. J. "Manipulation of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton by invasive Salmonella." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597214.

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Mechanical cell fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy were applied to systematically investigate the subcellular localisation of epitope-tagged effectors in cultured cells after transfection or infection with wildtype <i>Salmonella </i>strains exogenously expressing individual effectors. Although five <i>Salmonella</i> effectors contain no apparent membrane-targeting domains, all six localised to the plasma membrane fraction and were visualised a the cell periphery, from where they induced distinct effects on the actin cytoskeleton. Unexpectedly, no translocated cytoplasmic effector
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Dewar, Hilary. "Characterisation of the domain in Sla1p required for regulation of the yeast actin cytoskeleton." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248135.

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Guljamow, Arthur. "Characterization of two eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins horizontally transferred to a cyanobacterium." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16481.

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Das Cyanobakterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 enthält zwei Proteine unbekannter Funktion, welche eine hohe Sequenzähnlichkeit mit Bausteinen des eukaryotischen Aktinzytoskeletts haben. Eines dieser Proteine ist Aktin selbst, das andere ist das Aktinbindeprotein Profilin. Die vorliegende Arbeit enthält eine detaillierte Charakterisierung beider Proteine sowie Vergleiche mit ihren eukaryotischen Verwandten. So inhibiert, im Gegensatz zu Eukaryoten, cyanobakterielles Aktin nicht das Enzym DNaseI. Es bildet jedoch Polymere, die hier mit Phalloidin visualisiert wurden. Konfokale Mikroskopie o
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Macadangdang, Joan Karla. "Nuclear and Cytoskeletal Prestress Govern the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of the Nucleus." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23310.

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Physical forces in the cellular microenvironment play an important role in governing cell function. Forces transmitted through the cell cause distinct deformation of the nucleus, and possibly play a role in force-mediated gene expression. The work presented in this thesis drew upon innovative strategies employing simultaneous atomic force and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, as well as parallel optical stretching experiments, to gain unique insights into the response of eukaryotic cell nuclei to external force. Non-destructive approaches confirmed the existence of a clear anisotropy in nucl
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Cibrario, Luigi. "Evolutionary history of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the eisosome." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3484.

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Endocytosis is both an ancient and a diverse feature of the eukaryotic cell. Studying how it evolved can provide insight into the nature of the last common eukaryotic ancestor, and the diversification of eukaryotes into the known extant lineages. In this thesis, I present two studies on the evolution of endocytosis. In the first part of the thesis I report results from a large-scale, phylogenetic and comparative genomic study of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The CME pathway has been studied to a great level of detail in yeast to mammal model organisms. Several protein families have now
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Rohman, Mattias Jan. "Biochemical characterisation of chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT)." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313692.

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Koch, Matthias [Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Rohrbach. "Biomechanics of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cytoskeletal model systems probed by time-multiplexed optical tweezers." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119246539/34.

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Guljamow, Arthur [Verfasser], Elke [Akademischer Betreuer] Dittmann-Thünemann, Conrad W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mullineaux, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Saumweber. "Characterization of two eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins horizontally transferred to a cyanobacterium / Arthur Guljamow. Gutachter: Elke Dittmann-Thünemann ; Conrad W. Mullineaux ; Harald Saumweber." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020871180/34.

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Heiss, Aaron A. "Studies on the Morphology and Evolution of 'Orphan' Eukaryotes." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/37805.

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Most living eukaryotes are currently classified into one of five or six ‘supergroups’, which are in turn often divided between two assemblages: ‘unikonts’ and ‘bikonts’. This thesis explores the cytoskeletal morphology and phylogeny of three lineages that do not belong to any supergroup: ancyromonads, apusomonads, and breviates, likely relatives of supergroups Opisthokonta and Amoebozoa. It also investigates the phylogeny of malawimonads (basal members of supergroup Excavata) and collodictyonids (another unaffiliated lineage). Serial-section transmission electron microscopy was used to model
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Hammesfahr, Björn. "Genomics and Phylogeny of Cytoskeletal Proteins: Tools and Analyses." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F68E-E.

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Books on the topic "Eukaryotic cytoskeleton"

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Eukaryotic Membranes and Cytoskeleton. Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74021-8.

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Je kely, Ga spa r., ed. Eukaryotic membranes and cytoskeleton: Origins and evolution. Springer Science+Business Media, 2007.

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Gaspar, Ph D. Jekely. Origins And Evolution of Eukaryotic Endomembranes And Cytoskeleton. Landes Bioscience, 2006.

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Structures And Organelles In Pathogenic Protists. Springer, 2010.

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G, Zaccai, Massoulié Jean 1938-, David F, NATO Advanced Study Institute, and Ecole d'été de physique théorique (Les Houches, Haute-Savoie, France) (65th : 1996), eds. From cell to brain: The cytoskeleton, intra-and inter-cellular communication, the central nervous system = De la cellule au cerveau : le cytosquelette, communication intra-et inter-cellulaire le système nerveux central. Elsevier, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eukaryotic cytoskeleton"

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Reddy, A. S. N., and Irene S. Day. "Microtubule Motor Proteins in the Eukaryotic Green Lineage: Functions and Regulation." In The Plant Cytoskeleton. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0987-9_6.

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Haeusser, Daniel P. "By Chance and Necessity: The Role of the Cytoskeleton in the Genesis of Eukaryotes." In In the Company of Microbes. ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819606.ch55.

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Maynard Smith, John, and Eors Szathmary. "The origin of eukaryotes." In The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198502944.003.0012.

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The basic structures of a bacterial and a eukaryotic cell are shown in Fig. 8.1. The differences whose origins call for an explanation are as follows: • The bacterial cell has a rigid outer cell wall, usually made of the peptidoglycan, murein. In eukaryotes, the rigid cell wall is not universal, and cell shape is maintained primarily by an internal cytoskeleton of filaments and microtubules. • Eukaryotic cells have a complex system of internal membranes, including the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. • Bacteria have a single circular chromosome, attached to the rigid outer cell wall. In eukaryotes, linear chromosomes are contained within a nuclear envelope, which separates transcription from translation: communication between nucleus and cytoplasm is via pores in the nuclear envelope. • Eukaryotes have a complex cytoskeleton. The actomyosin system powers cell division, phagocytosis, amoeboid motion and the overall contractility to resist osmotic swelling. Microtubules and the associated motor proteins (kinesin, dynein and dynamin) ensure the accurate segregation of chromosomes in mitosis, ciliary motility and the movement of transport vesicles. Intermediate filaments form the structural basis for the association of the endomembranes and nuclear-pore complexes with the chromatin to form the nuclear envelope, while other intermediate filaments help to anchor the nucleus in the cytoplasm. One crucial difference between prokaryotes and most eukaryotes has been omitted from Fig. 8.1: this is the presence of mitochondria, and, in plants and algae, of chloroplasts. The reason for the omission is that, on the scenario for eukaryote origins that seems to us most plausible, these intracellular organelles originated later in time than the structures shown in the figure. The differences between these cell types justifies the recognition of two empires of life (above the kingdom level): Bacteria and Eukaryota (Cavalier-Smith, 199la; Table 8.1). (It is interesting that this taxonomic rank was recognized by Linnaeus.) Within each of the empires, there are two major categories: Bacteria consist of the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, and Eukaryota are divided into the superkingdoms Archaezoa and Metakaryota. The justification for these divisions is as follows. The Archaebacteria, in contrast to the Eubacteria, never have murein cell walls, and their single cell membrane contains isoprenoidal ether rather than acyl ester lipids.
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Pizzi, R., S. Fiorentini, G. Strini, and M. Pregnolato. "Exploring Structural and Dynamical Properties Microtubules by Means of Artificial Neural Networks." In Complexity Science, Living Systems, and Reflexing Interfaces. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2077-3.ch005.

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Microtubules (MTs) are cylindrical polymers of the tubulin dimer, are constituents of all eukaryotic cells cytoskeleton and are involved in key cellular functions and are claimed to be involved as sub-cellular information or quantum information communication systems. The authors evaluated some biophysical properties of MTs by means of specific physical measures of resonance and birefringence in presence of electromagnetic field, on the assumption that when tubulin and MTs show different biophysical behaviours, this should be due to their special structural properties. Actually, MTs are the closest biological equivalent to the well-known carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whose interesting biophysical and quantum properties are due to their peculiar microscopic structure. The experimental results highlighted a physical behaviour of MTs in comparison with tubulin. The dynamic simulation of MT and tubulin subjected to electromagnetic field was performed via MD tools. Their level of self-organization was evaluated using artificial neural networks, which resulted to be an effective method to gather the dynamical behaviour of cellular and non-cellular structures and to compare their physical properties.
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Conference papers on the topic "Eukaryotic cytoskeleton"

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Ackbarow, Theodor, and Markus J. Buehler. "Superelasticity of Vimentin Coiled-Coil Intermediate Filaments: Atomistic and Continuum Studies." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176471.

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Vimentin coiled-coil alpha-helical dimers are elementary protein building blocks of intermediate filaments (IFs), an important component of the cell’s cytoskeleton that has been shown to control the large-deformation behavior of eukaryotic cell [1].
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Ghavanoo, E., F. Daneshmand, and M. Amabili. "Two-Dimensional Shell Vibration of Microtubule in Living Cell." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30636.

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The mechanical behavior of a eukaryotic cell is mainly determined by its cytoskeleton. Microtubules immersed in cytosol are a central part of the cytoskeleton. Cytosol is the viscous fluid in living cells. The microtubules permanently oscillate in the cytosol. In this study, two-dimensional vibration of a single microtubule in living cell is investigated. The Donnell’s shell theory equations for orthotropic materials is used to model the microtubule whereas the motion of the cytosol is modeled as Stokes flow characterized by a small Reynolds number with no-slip condition at microtubule-cytosol
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Buehler, Markus J., and Zhao Qin. "Hierarchical Structure Controls Nanomechanical Properties of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13102.

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Intermediate filaments (IFs), in addition to microtubules and microfilaments, are one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells, playing a vital role in mechanotransduction and in providing mechanical stability to cells (Figure 1) [1]. Despite the importance of IF mechanics for cell biology and cell mechanics, the structural basis for their mechanical properties remains unknown. Specifically, our understanding of fundamental filament properties, such as the basis for their great extensibility, stiffening properties, and their exceptional mechanical resilience remain
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De Santis, Gianluca, Federica Boschetti, Alex B. Lennon, Patrick J. Prendergast, Pascal Verdonck, and Benedict Verhegghe. "How an Eukaryotic Cell Senses the Substrate Stiffness? An Exploration Using a Finite Element Model With Cytoskeleton Modelled as Tensegrity Structure." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206448.

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Mammalian cells in vivo are connected to the ECM (or other substrate, SS) or other cells having elastic moduli ranging from 10 to 10000 Pa. Several experimental evidences relate cell processes (e.g. changes of spreading area, cytoskeletal filament assembling, focal adhesion complex (FAC)) to SS stiffness, but how a passive substrate affects these cell processes is still unknown [1,2].
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Deriu, Marco A., Søren Enemark, Emiliano Votta, Franco M. Montevecchi, Alberto Redaelli, and Monica Soncini. "Bottom-Up Mesoscale Model of Microtubule." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176115.

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Microtubules (MTs) are fundamental structural elements in the cytoskeleton of all eukaryotic cells. The MTs are hollow cylinder-shaped biopolymers with inner and outer diameter of about 18 and 30 nm respectively and length ranging from 1 to 10 μm. They are constituted by αβ-tubulins arranged in protofilaments with head-to-tail motif. The protofilaments bind together laterally along the MT’s long axis with a slight shift generating a spiral with a pitch of 2, 3 or 4 monomers’ length [1]. The building-block of the MT, αβ-tubulin, is a hetero-dimer made of two globular monomers, α- and β-tubulin.
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Buehler, Markus J., and Je´re´mie Bertaud. "Hierarchical Structure Controls Nanomechanical Properties of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13103.

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Intermediate filaments (often abbreviated as IFs), in addition to microtubules and microfilaments, are one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells (Figure 1). It has been suggested that intermediate filaments are crucial in defining key mechanical functions of cells such as cell migration, cell division and mechanotransduction, and have also been referred to as the “safety belts of cells” reflecting their role in preventing exceedingly large cell stretch [1, 2]. Vimentin is a specific type of this protein filament found in fibroblasts, leukocytes, and blood vessel
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Buehler, Markus J., and Zhao Qin. "Structure Prediction and Nanomechanical Properties of Human Vimentin Intermediate Filament Dimers." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204824.

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Intermediate filaments (IFs), in addition to microtubules (MTs) and microfilaments (MFs), are one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. As the basic building block of IFs, the properties of the IF dimmer re crucial to fully understand the molecular basis for the properties of the IF network in cells. However, the structure of IF dimers remains unknown, which has thus far prevented the elucidation of its nanomechanical properties, in particular molecular-level mechanisms of deformation. Here we present the development of a full atomistic molecular model of the v
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