Journal articles: 'Euphorbia prostata'

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Hariyadi, Dewi Melani, and Vikram Kumar Sahu. "Euphorbia prostata Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Activity in Downregulating the Increased Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines." Pharmaceutical Sciences 26, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ps.2020.51.

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Background: Euphorbia prostrata constitutes a herbal medication widely used to cure numerous inflammatory diseases occurring either alone or in conjunction with other herbal formulations. The research conducted was devised with the aim of determining the effect of Euphorbia prostrata hydroalcoholic leaf extract on paw swelling, joint destruction, and the formation of inflammation-producing cytokines in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Hydroalcoholic Euphorbia prostrata extract and a reference drug (indomethacin 3mg/kg), were both administered orally on a daily basis at varying doses; low (50 mg/kg), medium (100 mg/kg), and high (200 mg/kg) for a period of 21 days. Other parameters affecting the functional components of bone include joint diameter measurements and histopathological investigations. Immunohistochemical analysis of Interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) and Nuclear Factor(NF-κB)in ankle joint tissue was performed. Results: The research findings indicated that a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in inflammation results from the administering of Euphorbia prostrata at varying doses. A 200mg/kg dose of Euphorbia prostrata with a significance of p<0.001 produced a marked reduction in both inflammation and joint dysfunction. It was concluded, therefore, that such a dose attenuates paw oedema and inflammation, while also reversing bone damage through the inhibition of activated pro-inflammatory mediators and, specifically, NF-κB-mediated production of cytokines. Conclusion: The research presented here concludes that Euphorbia prostrata hydroalcoholic extract can be potentially employed in the treatment and management of rheumatoid arthritis since it reduces symptoms of inflammation, inhibits macrophage activity and modulates IL-1, IL-6 and NF-κB.

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Gagliardi, Karina Bertechine, Aline Rosado, Luiz Antonio de Souza, Ismar Sebastião Moscheta, and Adriana Lenita Meyer Albiero. "Structure and development of fruits and seeds of weed species of Euphorbiaceae." Acta Botanica Brasilica 26, no. 1 (March 2012): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062012000100005.

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Euphorbiaceae s.l. presents several morphological types of fruits, of which the schizocarp is the most common. The fruits of weed species of Euphorbia graminea Jacq., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Euphorbia hirta L. (= Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.) and Euphorbia prostrata Aiton (= Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small) are objects of this study. Inflorescences and fruits in development were collected on the campus of the State University of Maringa (UEM), Brazil, fixed in FAA 50 and glutaraldehyde, dehydrated and sectioned with a rotary microtome according to standard morphology and anatomy techniques. The species present several anatomical similarities, though there are some differences related to the outer epidermis of the ovaries, which is glabrous in E. graminea and hairy in the other species. The ripe fruits present a papilose exocarp and lack trichomes, except for E. hirta. The ovules are anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate; the seeds are exotegmic and the embryos are straight.

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YOSHIDA, Takashi, Osamu NAMBA, Kenji KUROKAWA, Yoshiaki AMAKURA, Yan-Ze LIU, and Takuo OKUDA. "Tannins and Related Polyphenols of Euphorbiaceous Plants. XII. Euphorbins G and H, New Dimeric Hydrolyzable Tannins from Euphorbia prostrata and Euphorbia makinoi." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 42, no. 10 (1994): 2005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.2005.

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Saeed-ul-Hassan, Syed. "Irritant effects of Euphorbia prostrata." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7, no. 33 (September 8, 2013): 2321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp12.1027.

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Exner, Tamás, Lajos Somlyay, András István Csathó, Csaba Molnár, Viktor Virók, Kristóf Süveges, Norbert Riezing, and Tamás Wirth. "Apró közlemények." Kitaibelia 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17542/kit.22.262.

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1. Elatine alsinastrum és más florisztikai adatok a Budai-hegységből 2. Aszályfű (Eleusine indica) a Maros–Körös közén 3. A karcsú köles (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Gyöngyösön és Felsőnyárádon, valamint a faj terjedése az Északi-középhegységben 4. Symphyotrichum ciliatum a Sajó–Hernád-síkon 5. Alnus incana és Vitis sylvestris az Által-ér völgyében 6. Kiegészítések az Euphorbia prostrata és az Euphorbia serpens hazai elterjedéséhez

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Luena de Oliveira da Conceição, Elisa Mitsuko Aoyama, Marcos Roberto Furlan, and Cynthia Hering-Rinnert. "Anatomia e histoquímica do caule de espécies conhecidas como quebra-pedra das famílias Euphorbiaceae e Phyllanthaceae." Acta Biológica Catarinense 7, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v7i4.22.

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O presente estudo teve por objetivo fornecer informações estruturais e histoquímicas sobre o caule de espécies conhecidas popularmente como “quebrapedra”, encontradas no município de São Mateus (ES). As espécies analisadas foram Euphorbia prostrata Aiton., Euphorbia hyssopifolia L., Phyllanthus amarusSchumach. & Thonn e Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Exemplares foram coletados no campus da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo e no bairro Sernamby. Paraas análises, realizaram-se seções transversais entre o 2.º e 5.º nós, para descrição do crescimento primário, e entre o 9.º e 10.º nós, para crescimento secundário.Efetuaram-se testes para detecção de amido, composição química de cristais, lipídios totais, látex, compostos fenólicos não estruturais e lignina. Quanto àsanálises anatômicas, apenas E. prostrata apresentou tricomas, os quais são do tipo tector. Somente nas espécies de Phyllanthus foram observados cristais. Asespécies de Euphorbia diferenciam-se pela presença de canais laticíferos. Os testes histoquímicos revelaram acúmulo de grãos de amido, deixando evidentes a bainha amilífera de P. amarus e compostos fenólicos apenas na epiderme de E. prostrata. Os estudos anatômicos e histoquímicos são de grande relevância para o conhecimento e a diferenciação das espécies conhecidas por quebra-pedra, podendo auxiliar na identificação de outras espécies com o mesmo nome popular.

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Singla, A. K., and Kamla Pathak. "Anti-inflammatory studies on Euphorbia prostrata." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 27, no. 1-2 (November 1989): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90077-9.

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Tchuenguem, Roland, Jules-Roger Kuiate, and Jean Dzoyem. "In vivo Anticandidal Activity of Euphorbia prostrata." Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 4, no. 4 (February 13, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2017/38924.

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Shahwan, Moyad J., Tariq M. Al-Qirim, and Haytham Daradka. "Hypolipidaemic Effects of Euphorbia prostrata in Rabbits." Journal of Biological Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 15, 2008): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2009.88.91.

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Farooq, Samra, Fizza Karamat, and Sadia Chaman. "Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Euphorbia prostrata." Asian Journal of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry 1, no. 4 (2016): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2016.ajomc-p43.

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Bolaji, A. O., M. Idowu-Aiye, and H. O. Moronfade. "Reproductive biology of four weedy Euphorbia species from Ile-Ife, Nigeria." Ife Journal of Science 22, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i1.1.

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Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., Euphorbia hirta Linn., Euphorbia hyssopifolia Linn. and Euphorbia prostrata Linn. are four noxious, yet economically important weeds, useful as phytomedicine in some parts of the world and also in Nigeria. Studies were carried out on their reproductive biology with a view to understanding the mode of their spread. Parameters investigated include number of days to seedling emergence, germinationpercentage, number of days to flowering, period to anthesis, pollinators, pollen viability, pollen size, floral structure, fruits type, seeds type, average number of fruit per plant, average number of seeds per plant and mode of seed dispersal. Results obtained showed that the seedlings of the four Euphorbia species studied emerged within 3 to 5 days; numbers of days to 50% flowering took 44 to 58 days; while flowering and fruiting continuedthroughout the remaining part of the year; thus exhibited r-strategy, expending more time and allocation of resources on their reproductive phases than their vegetative phases. Also differences existed in their stigma shape, perianth colour, perianth texture, pollen sizes, pollen viability as well as ripened colour of seed which were all significant characters that could be useful in delimiting the species. Furthermore, the study revealed that thefour species were essentially insect pollinated and their seeds dispersed by means of explosive mechanism usually characteristic of their schizocarpic fruits. This ability as well as their tendency to exhibit r-strategy could probably account for their ability to spread and invade cultivated fields, waste lands and roadsides. Keywords: Explosive mechanism, r-Strategy, Seed dispersal, Pollen viability, Seed set

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Bayala, Bagora, Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon, Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma, Christelle Nadembega, Silvère Baron, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, and Jacques Simpore. "Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities on prostate and cervical cultured cancer cells of five medicinal plant extracts from Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.1.

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Medicinal plants are a potential source of drug discovery and development of cancer chemoprevention drugs. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of hydromethanolic extracts of Musa sapientum L., Cassia italica (Mill.) Spreng., Crateva adansonii DC., Euphorbia hirta L. and Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl. from Burkina Faso. The antioxidative activity of hydromethanolic extracts of plant was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay and ABTS+ radical cation decolorisation assay. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by MTT assay. Of these five plant extracts, hydromethanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta leaf twigs showed the best antioxidant activity both by DPPH (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.04 μg extract / μg DPPH) and ABTS (C = 0.302 ± 0.003 μMET / g extract) methods. In addition, hydromethanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta leaf twigs showed the best antiproliferative activity on LNCaP cell lines of prostate cancer while the hydromethanolic extract of the Ceratotheca sesamoides leaf stems showed the best antiproliferative activity on the HeLa cell lines of cervical cancer. This work has shown not only the antioxidant and anticancer activities of these five local plants, but also the potential valorization of these species used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso.Keywords: Cancer, antioxydant, antiproliferative, Medicinal plants, Burkina Faso.

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NOBARINEZHAD, MAHBOUBEH HOSSEINALIZADEH, MANEEZHE PAKRAVAN, and AMIRHOSSEIN PAHLEVANI. "A biosystematic study of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran." Phytotaxa 360, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.360.3.1.

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We studied leaf anatomy, mitotic chromosomes and pollen grains of nine species of Euphorbia (E. chamaesyce, E. granulata, E. indica, E. humifusa, E. maculata, E. petiolata, E. prostrata, E. serpens and E. nutans) out of the 15 species of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce present in Iran. We compared our results with two species of subg. Esula sections Tythymalus and Helioscopia (E. peplus and E. helioscopia). Our anatomical survey identified the Kranz bundle sheath as a distinct anatomical character for subgenus Chamaesyce sect. Anisophyllum, differentiating this from E. petiolata of subg. Chamaesyce sect. Cheirolepidium. Based on type of abaxial epidermis cell walls, species were classified into three groups including species with zigzagged, sinuous and intermediate (zigzagged-sinuous) walls. Chromosome numbers for four species were reported for the first time from Iran, and 2n=32 is the first report for E. indica. Three shapes of pollen grains were determined: oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal and subprolate. A tectate perforate exine ornamentation was detected in almost all of the species.

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MIFSUD, STEPHEN. "Contribution to the flora of the Maltese Islands: Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce and Euphorbia exigua s. l. (Euphorbiaceae)." Phytotaxa 372, no. 2 (October 12, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.2.

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The identity and the taxonomic treatment of the species belonging to Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce occurring on the Maltese Islands were not adequately studied both in historical and recent literature. Apart from the native sand dune species Euphorbia peplis, all records have been previously attributed to the cosmopolitan weedy species E. maculata and E. chamaesyce. This work provides the first taxonomic synopsis based on the examination of 53 specimens collected from Malta and Gozo between 2014 and 2017. The study ascertained the occurrence of six species, of which E. serpens, E. prostrata and E. hypericifolia are first reported from the Maltese Islands. Discussion on the taxonomy, origin, ecology and invasiveness of these species is provided, together with photos and an identification key. Moreover, taxonomic studies on E. exigua s. l., belonging to subg. Esula, sect. Exiguae, have been carried out on Maltese material and discussed. E. exigua var. pycnophylla, originally described as endemic of the Maltese Archipelago and recorded afterwards on the Sicilian island of Lampedusa, bears no significant morphological trait which allows to clearly distinguish it from the nominal variety. No differences in fruit and seed morphology resulted when the two varieties were compared and the slight differences present in the habit of the plant and the arrangement of leaves has been judged to be of ecotypic origin, hence justifying the lumping of this variety into the single and variable taxon E. exigua.

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Bátori, Z., L. Erdős, and L. Somlyay. "Euphorbia prostrata(Euphorbiaceae), a new alien in the Carpathian Basin." Acta Botanica Hungarica 54, no. 3-4 (September 2012): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/abot.54.2012.3-4.2.

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CONCEIÇÃO, L. O., and E. M. AOYAMA. "Anatomia e histoquímica da lâmina foliar de espécies conhecidas por quebra-pedra (Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Euphorbia hyssopifolia L., Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn e Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.)." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 18, no. 2 suppl 1 (2016): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-084x/15_226.

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RESUMO O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar estudo anatômico comparativo entre duas espécies de Euphorbia L. e duas de Phyllanthus L. conhecidas popularmente por quebra-pedra, a fim de contribuir com a identificação das espécies, visando o controle de qualidade e testes histoquímicos para conhecimento e localização de substâncias, com intuito de fornecer subsídios para futuros estudos. As quatro espécies estudadas foram coletadas na cidade de São Mateus-ES. Foram realizadas análises anatômicas e histoquímicas da lâmina foliar. Em vista frontal, E. prostrata apresenta paredes celulares poligonais, enquanto em E. hyssopifolia as paredes são sinuosas. As espécies de Euphorbia se diferenciam pela presença de canais laticíferos e estrutura Kranz. Somente nas espécies de Phyllanthus foram observados cristais de oxalato de cálcio. P. tenellus difere de P. amarus pela presença de cristais romboédricos e P. amarus por exibir cristais prismáticos no mesofilo. O estudo anatômico foliar foi de grande relevância para a diferenciação das espécies conhecidas por quebra-pedra, revelando ser um parâmetro eficaz e que pode auxiliar no controle de qualidade de plantas medicinais, bem como os testes histoquímicos podem fornecer informações para futuros estudos com quebra-pedra.

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Riaz, Bushra, Muhammad Kashif Zahoor, Muhammad Asif Zahoor, Humara Naz Majeed, Irum Javed, Aftab Ahmad, Farhat Jabeen, Muhammad Zulhussnain, and Kishwar Sultana. "Toxicity, Phytochemical Composition, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Some Indigenous Weed Plant Extracts in Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2325659.

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Drosophila melanogaster being used as model organism is considered as pest of homes, restaurants, and fruit markets. The damaged fruits are also reported to serve as a carrier for various diseases. The current study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of petroleum extract of some weed plants, namely, Euphorbia prostrata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Fumaria indica, Chenopodium murale, and Azadirachta indica, against D. melanogaster. Mortality at 10, 20, and 30% concentrations after 24 and 48 hours was found comparatively low. E. prostrata caused high mortality (51.64%) at 30% concentration and was found more toxic (LC50 27.76; P value 0.00) after 72 hours. A. indica showed high LC50 value (P value 0.15) compared to other weed plants. The combination of E. prostrata and Bti showed highest mortality (100%; LC50 12.49; P value 0.00) after 72 hours. Similarly, the same combination caused maximum reduction in the activity of AChE, AcP, AkP, α-Carboxyl, and β-Carboxyl enzymes. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and terpenoids. FTIR analysis of E. prostrata showed the presence of phenolic compounds. It is suggested that further studies are needed in order to incorporate weed plant extracts in combination with Bti for the management of fruit flies.

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Stewart, Cody J., S. Christopher Marble, Brian E. Jackson, Brian J. Pearson, and P. Christopher Wilson. "Effects of Three Fertilization Methods on Weed Growth and Herbicide Performance in Soilless Nursery Substrates1." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-36.4.133.

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Abstract Research objectives were to determine the effect of fertilization method (incorporation, subdress, and topdress) on weed growth and the performance of preemergence herbicides applied to soilless substrates. Nursery containers were filled with a pine bark:peat substrate and fertilized at two different rates [4.4 and 9.5 kg.m−3 (8.9 and 19.2 lb.yd−3)] via topdressing, subdressing, or incorporating. Containers were treated with either dimethenamid-P for spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), flumioxazin for eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) or prodiamine for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). A control was established for each fertilizer rate/placement and weed species that was not treated. Incorporating or subdressing fertilizer resulted in reduced large crabgrass and spotted spurge growth in non-treated containers. Weeds grew larger at the higher fertility rates in both topdress and incorporated treatments but fertilizer rate did not affect growth of spotted spurge or large crabgrass when fertilizers were subdressed. Herbicides generally provided commercially acceptable weed control regardless of fertilizer treatment, but results varied with species. Results suggest that in the absence of herbicides, topdressing may result in greater weed growth compared with subdressing or incorporating fertilizers; however, fertilizer placement will have less impact on herbicide performance if proper herbicides are chosen and applied correctly. Index words: topdress, subdress, incorporate, large crabgrass, eclipta, spotted spurge, preemergence Chemicals used in this study: Flumioxazin (SureGuard®); 2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione; Dimethenamid-P (Tower) 2-chloro-N-[(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide; Prodiamine (Barricade) 2,4-dinitro-N3, N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine (Barricade®) Species used in this study: Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.); Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.); Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.)

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Singla, Anil K., and Kamla Pathak. "Topical antiinflammatory effects of Euphorbia prostrata on carrageenan-induced footpad oedema in mice." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 29, no. 3 (July 1990): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90040-z.

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Schmidt, Dávid, and Győző Haszonits. "Adatok a Kisalföld flórájának ismeretéhez IV." Botanikai Közlemények 108, no. 1 (2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17716/botkozlem.2021.108.1.27.

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Dolgozatunkban a Kisalföld határainkon belülre eső területén 2015-2020 közötti időszakban végzett florisztikai kutatások legfontosabb eredményeit ismertetjük. Az előfordulási adatok felsorolását követően értékelésre kerül országos vagy regionális jelentőségük, növényföldrajzi, természetvédelmi szerepük. A felsorolásban 52 fajról szerepelnek új adatok, amelyek közül 40 hazánkban természetes (honos) előfordulású, 12 idegenhonos elem. Eredményeink közül kiemelendő a Kisalföldre nézve új Gagea minima megtalálása, az Epipactis tallosii két új állományának felfedezése, a Polystichum setiferum előfordulásának bizonyítása, továbbá több gyomjellegű növény (Apera interrupta, Calepina irregularis, Erigeron sumatrensis, Euphorbia prostrata, Panicum dichotomiflorum) új lelőhelyeinek kimutatása. Jelentősebben bővítjük az ismereteket az Erysimum hieraciifolium szigetközi, a Succisella inflexa rábaközi, és az Ornithogalum × degenianum Marcal-medencei elterjedéséhez. Adatokat közlünk közutak mentén terjedő (Atriplex micrantha, Dittrichia graveolens, Eleusine indica), valamint dísznövényként ültetett (Pennisetum alopecuroides, Sedum pallidum) adventív fajokról.

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MUGNAI, MICHELE, LORENZO LAZZARO, LUCA DI NUZZO, BRUNO FOGGI, DANIELE VICIANI, and GIULIO FERRETTI. "Synopsis of Euphorbia section Anisophyllum (Euphorbiaceae) in Italy, with an insight on variation of distribution over time in Tuscany." Phytotaxa 485, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 1–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.485.1.1.

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We present an updated taxonomic study of Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllum (Euphorbiaceae) for Italy. A comprehensive body of knowledge has been developed thanks to the examination of about 1,250 herbarium specimens from 13 Italian herbaria, field surveys, and an extensive literature analysis. As a result, our revision included 10 species considered as currently occurring in Italy, of which 2 native (Euphorbia chamaesyce and E. peplis) and 8 alien (E. glyptosperma, E. humifusa, E. hypericifolia, E. maculata, E. nutans, E. ophthalmica, E. prostrata, and E. serpens). The revision included also additional 5 species previously erroneously recorded in Italy (E. berteroana, E. engelmannii, E. hyssopifolia, E. indica, and E. thymifolia) and other two species (E. hirta and E. humistrata) not occurring in Italy but closely related to recorded species and already established and considered as alien species in other countries. Current distribution and status at the regional level is updated for 7 species (E. berteroana, E. engelmannii, E. humifusa, E. hypericifolia, E. indica, E. nutans, and E. prostrata) and typification of 18 names (Chamaesyce glomerifera, E. boliviana, E. bracteolaris, E. brasiliensis, E. chamaesyce var. maculata, E. engelmannii, E. humifusa, E. hypericifolia var. communis, E. indica, E. klotzschiana, E. nutans, E. peplis, E. perforata, E. pinnulosa, E. preslii, E. procumbens, E. reichenbachiana, and E. trichogona) is also provided. For all taxa we report information about nomenclature, morphology, ecology, chorology, distribution, taxonomy, as well as an identification key for species identification and original photos. In addition, we provided a detailed statement of species of the section for Tuscany and we performed an analysis of distribution variation of different species over time in this region. Our results evaluate the current state of E. sect. Anisophyllum in Italy and highlight the presence of fluxes in densities of different species populations. In particular, a reduction of native and formerly colonizing species and an increase of more recently colonizing species is recorded.

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Husnain, Amjad, Syed Shahid Ali, Zaheeruddin Zaheeruddin, and Rabeea Zafar. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Industrial Waste Water by Euphorbia Prostrata." Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2013): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/crjbs.5.5470.

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Saha, Debalina, S. Christopher Marble, Nelmaris Torres, and Annette Chandler. "Fertilizer placement affects growth and reproduction of three common weed species in pine bark–based soilless nursery substrates." Weed Science 67, no. 6 (October 7, 2019): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.49.

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AbstractWeed management in container crops is primarily accomplished through frequent PRE herbicide applications and supplemental hand weeding. However, many ornamental species are sensitive to herbicides, and a significant number of tropical plants, ornamental grasses, and foliage crops have not been screened for herbicide tolerance. As nursery crops are produced in inert substrates that are largely composed of bark or peat, strategic fertilizer placement has the potential to significantly reduce weed growth in container-grown ornamentals. Growth and reproduction of three common container nursery weed species, eclipta [Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), were evaluated following fertilization via alternative methods, including subdressing or dibbling in comparison with industry standard practices of topdressing or incorporating a controlled-release fertilizer (17-5-11 [8 to 9 mo.]) to each 3.8-L container at 36.5 g per container. Fertilizer placement had little to no effect on germination of Eclipta prostrata or D. sanguinalis, but incorporation increased E. maculata germination by 77% to 183% compared with other placements or a nonfertilized control. Subdressing reduced seed production by 94%, 63%, and 92% for Eclipta prostrata, D. sanguinalis, and E. maculata, respectively, compared with the average number of seeds produced in the conventional placement methods (average of incorporation and topdressing). Dibbling fertilizer resulted in similar decreases in the case of D. sanguinalis and E. maculata, while Eclipta prostrata produced no seeds when fertilizer was dibbled. Similar to reductions observed in reproduction, subdressing fertilizer resulted in biomass decreases of 90%, 81%, and 85% compared with the average biomass of the incorporation and topdressed placements. Results suggest alternative fertilizer placements could be implemented as part of an integrated weed management program in container production to reduce weed growth.

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Verloove, F. "Nuevos xenófitos de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias, España), con énfasis en las especies naturalizadas y (potencialmente) invasoras." Collectanea Botanica 32 (December 30, 2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2013.v32.006.

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Trabajos recientes de campo en Gran Canaria han facilitado el descubrimiento de nuevas localidades para plantas vasculares no nativas. Agave attenuata, Antigonon leptopus, Atriplex nummularia, Cascabela thevetia, Cenchrus echinatus, Cuscuta campestris, Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Dysphania anthelmintica (hasta ahora confundida con D. ambrosioides), Eclipta prostrata, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Fagopyrum esculentum, Gossypium barbadense, Lablab purpureus, Lemna minuta, Opuntia leucotricha, Passiflora edulis, Pennisetum glaucum, Phaseolus acutifolius, Pluchea carolinensis, Prosopis juliflora, Salvia microphylla, Schinus terebinthifolius, Senna spectabilis, Solanum chrysotrichum, Tecoma stans, Tipuana tipu, Urochloa mutica, U. plantaginea y Washingtonia se citan por primera vez para las Islas Canarias, mientras que Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus blitoides, Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songarica, Cardamine flexuosa subsp. debilis, Heliotropium curassavicum, Leonotis nepetifolia, Medicago lupulina, Parkinsonia aculeata, Physalis peruviana, Phytolacca americana y Turnera ulmifolia son nuevas para la flora de la isla de Gran Canaria. Finalmente, se confirma la presencia de Paspalum vaginatum, P. distichum y Cortaderia selloana en Gran Canaria.

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Reis, Rui Manuel, Viviane Aline Oliveira Silva, Marcela Nunes Rosa, Aline Tansini, Joao Paulo Da S. N. Lima, Chris Jones, and Luiz Francisco Pianowski. "Cytotoxic effect of euphol from Euphorbia tirucalli on a large panel of human cancer cell lines." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e13557-e13557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e13557.

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e13557 Background: The tetracyclic triterpene alcohol euphol is the main constituent found in the sap of Euphorbia tirucalli. In Brazil its latex is used as anticancer and other diseaseas folk treatment, yet, little is known about its anticancer proprieties. We aimed to study the antitumor effect of euphol on a large panel of human cancer cell lines. Methods: Anti-tumor effects of euphol in vitro were assessed using MTS assays on 77 human cancer lines from13 solid tumor models, such as breast, colon, bladder, prostate, lung, pancreas, esophagus, glioblastoma, melanoma, head and neck and cervical cancer. Additionally, we evaluate the its potential combinatorial value with temozolomide in gliomas. Ongoing experiments will identify potential drug target(s) by assessing changes in global protein expression. Results: Euphol exhibited dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines analyzed. Among each tumor type, the distinct cell line exhibited a heterogeneous profile of response to euphol. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic carcinomas showed the most sensitive profile. In comparison with temozolomide, euphol showed a median of 30 fold higher efficacy, range 5-167 fold, in the glioma cell lines analyzed (Table). Conclusions: Euphol demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity on the majority of cancer cell lines evaluated. Our findings may provide insight into the tailoring designing of euphol-based therapies for cancer patients. [Table: see text]

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Tala, Donald Sédric, Donatien Gatsing, Siméon Pierre Chegaing Fodouop, Charles Fokunang, Fabrice Kengni, and Merline Namekong Djimeli. "In vivo anti-salmonella activity of aqueous extract of Euphorbia prostrata Aiton (Euphorbiaceae) and its toxicological evaluation." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5, no. 4 (April 2015): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30350-6.

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Molnár, Csaba, Norbert Bauer, András István Csathó, Viktor Szigeti, and Dávid Schmidt. "Az Oenothera pycnocarpa Atk. & Bartl. Magyarországon, és kiegészítések néhány idegenhonos faj hazai elterjedéséhez." Botanikai Közlemények 107, no. 2 (2020): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17716/botkozlem.2020.107.2.177.

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A tanulmány 19 neofita faj 153 új elterjedési adatát tartalmazza Magyarország területéről az elmúlt néhány évből. Először sikerült kimutatni Magyarországról az Oenothera pycnocarpa-t, mely Tápiószecső határában, ugaron telepedett meg. Megadjuk a talált növények részletes morfológiai leírását, fotókkal illusztrálva. Európai példák alapján lassú terjedése várható, mely nem fenyegeti a természetes élőhelyeket átalakítással. Bemutatunk 3 átalakító fajt, melyek közül a Sporobolus cryptandrus homoki gyepeket veszélyeztet a Kiskunságban, a Prunus serotina a Bakonyalján tölgyes felújítások során jelent fokozódó problémát, míg a Panicum dichotomiflorum (elsősorban az Északi-középhegységben) gyorsuló ütemben alakítja át a mezőgazdasági területek gyomvegetációját és a mezsgyék, útszélek növényzetét. Részben átalakító fajok közül kettőt ismertetünk. Az Alföld kivételével, az ország nagy részén már igen elterjedt Impatiens parviflora alföldperemi, szigetszerű erdőfoltban való megjelenéséről számolunk be, valamint számos helyről mutatjuk ki az alulkutatott Oenothera depressa-t, mely az egyik leggyakoribb ligetszépe taxon a Kiskunságban, és főleg homoki parlagokon, meddőhányókon és törmelékdombokon, esetenként homoki gyepekben és kultúrerdők nyílt homokfelszínein él. Az Oenothera pycnocarpa-n kívül 10 további terjedő, de (még) nem átalakító fajról is közlünk adatokat. A Commelina communis jellegzetes városi előfordulásai mellett vasúti sínek között és erdei szemétkupacon is megjelent. A Cymbalaria muralis nagyobb városokon kívül már kisebb falvak kőfalain is megtalálható. Az Euphorbia maculata, E. prostrata és az Eleusine indica jellemző városi populációin kívül ma már falvakban és műutak, földutak településektől távoli pontjain is élnek. Az Iva xanthiifolia trágyadombon, szántóparlagon és vadszórókon került elő, lassan terjedő faj. A Lepidium densiflorum megjelenése földutakon és vasútállomásokon jellegzetes. A dísznövényként ültetett Oenothera glazioviana szubspontán állományai elsősorban faluszéli árokpartokon, szemétdombokon, ritkábban homoki parlagokon bukkannak fel és élnek túl. A Phytolacca esculenta gyorsuló invázióját zöldhulladék-dombi, árokparti és városi parki adatokkal dokumentáljuk. A Trigonella caerulea egykori takarmánynövény, mely homoki szántóparlagokon önfenntartó állományokat hozott létre Fülöpszállás határában. Végül bemutatunk 3 alkalmi kivadulót. Az Euphorbia lathyris és az Impatiens balfourii terjesztésében nagy szerepet játszanak az illegális zöldhulladék-dombok, a lerakott nyesedék. A világszerte is csak ritkán kivaduló Goniolimon tataricum szubspontán előfordulását a Balaton-felvidéken útrézsűkön, Kunszentmiklóson temetőben figyeltük meg.

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Rene, Kamgang, GonsuKamga Hortense, Wafo Pascal, MbungniN Jean Alexis, PouokamErvice Vidal, FokamTagne Michel Archange, and FonkouaMarie Christine. "Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata ait on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats." Indian Journal of Pharmacology 39, no. 5 (2007): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.37275.

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Silva, Viviane Aline Oliveira, Marcela Nunes Rosa, Aline Tansini, Joao Paulo Da S. N. Lima, Chris Jones, Luiz Francisco Pianowski, and Rui Manuel Reis. "Cytotoxic activity of semi-synthetic ingenol derived from Euphorbia tirucalli on a large panel of human cancer cell lines." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e13559-e13559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e13559.

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e13559 Background: The latex from Euphorbia tirucalli is used in Brazil as anticancer and other disease as folk treatment; however, little is known about its anticancer proprieties. We report in vitro activity of 3 semi-synthetic ingenol compounds derived from E. tirucalli, ingenol A (ingenol-3-trans-cinnamate), ingenol B (3-caproyl-ingenol) and ingenol C (ingenol-3-dodecanoate), against a large panel of human cancer cell lines. Methods: Anti-tumor effects of the 3 semi-synthetic compounds were assessed using MTS assays on 77 cancer lines from 13 tumor models, such as breast, colon, bladder, prostate, lung, pancreas, esophagus, glioblastoma, melanoma, head and neck and cervical cancer. Additionally, we evaluate the its potential combinatorial value with temozolomide (TMZ) in gliomas. Ongoing experiments will identify potential drug target(s) by assessing changes in global protein expression. Results: Ingenol A, B and C exhibited dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects. Amongst the derived tested, ingenol C displayed the best activity across the tumor cell lines. In comparison with TMZ, ingenol C showed a median of 136 fold higher efficacy, range 15-511 fold, in the glioma cell lines analyzed. Conclusions: The semi-synthetic ingenol compounds, in particular the ingenol C, demonstrated a potent anti-tumor activity on all cancer cell lines evaluated. Our findings may provide insight into designing ingenol-based therapies for cancer patients. [Table: see text]

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Begum, Ruqia, Bilal Aslam, Ijaz Javed, Tanweer Khaliq, Faqir Muhammad, and Ahmad Raza. "GASTRO PROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF EUPHORBIA PROSTRATA AGAINST INDOMETHACIN INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS IN HEALTHY ADULT MALE ALBINO RABBITS." International Research Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 11 (December 9, 2014): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.0511173.

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Zahir, A. Abduz, and A. Abdul Rahuman. "Evaluation of different extracts and synthesised silver nanoparticles from leaves of Euphorbia prostrata against Haemaphysalis bispinosa and Hippobosca maculata." Veterinary Parasitology 187, no. 3-4 (July 2012): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.02.001.

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Bedair, Ramadan, Amira A. Ibrahim, Amal A. Alyamani, Salman Aloufi, and Samah Ramadan. "Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Vegetation Dynamics: A Case Study of Wadi Hagul, Eastern Desert, Egypt." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091906.

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Irresponsible human interventions, encroachment of natural habitats, and climate change negatively affect wildlife. In this study, the effects of human influence on Wadi Hagul, an unprotected area in the north of the Egyptian Eastern Desert that has recently been subjected to blatant encroachments of vegetation, were studied. The most important of these threats is the construction of the new road Al-Galala–Wadi Hagul–Zafarana. In Wadi Hagul, 80 species are reported in this study; the most represented plant families are Asteraceae (15 species) and Brassicaceae (6 species). Perennial, chamaephyte and Saharo-Arabian species were recorded in the highest percentage. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis showed that latitude, longitude, altitude, silt, sand contents, pH, and CO32− content are the factors that have the highest effect on vegetation distribution in the studied stands. Several invasive and alien species such as Euphorbia prostrata have been listed; these species typically have a negative effect on native species. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) indicated a decrease in plant cover during the study period, as compared to previous years. In 2013 and 2020, SAVI ranged from −0.02 to 0.42 and from −0.18 to 0.28, respectively. Recently, the violation and destruction of wildlife have increased, therefore, preserving it along with general biodiversity has become an urgent necessity.

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Bataineh, Hameed N., and Mukhallad A. M. Mohammad. "Effects of oral administration of Euphorbia prostrata extract on the reproductive system of male albino rats: a histometric and biochemical study." Comparative Clinical Pathology 21, no. 4 (December 14, 2010): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-010-1113-3.

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Kengni, F., DS Tala, MN Djimeli, SPC Fodouop, N. Kodjio, HN Magnifouet, and D. Gatsing. "In vitro antimicrobial activity of Harungana madagascriensis and Euphorbia prostrata extracts against some pathogenic Salmonella sp." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v7i3.17.

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Altland, James E., Charles H. Gilliam, and John W. Olive. "Postemergence Prostrate Spurge (Chamaesyce prostrata) Control in Container-Grown Liriope." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.1.41.

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Abstract Four experiments were conducted to evaluate herbicides for postemergence prostrate spurge (Chamaesyce prostrata (syn. Euphorbia prostrata)) control and tolerance of container-grown liriope (Liriope muscari). In Experiment 1, Manage, Image, Trimec Southern, and Roundup were applied at three rates each to single bib liners of ‘Big Blue’ liriope in 10.2 cm (4 in) pots. Pots were infested with prostrate spurge that were 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) wide with no flower or seed structures. Only Roundup at 0.45 kg ai/ha (0.4 lb ai/A) provided effective postemergence spurge control (96%) and caused no short-term or long-term injury to ‘Big Blue’. In Experiment 2, Finale and Roundup were applied at three rates each to established ‘Big Blue’ in 3.8 liter (1 gal) containers. By 21 DAT, Finale at rates of 0.28 kg ai/ha (0.25 lb ai/A) or greater caused slight though significant injury to ‘Big Blue’ while Roundup caused no injury. No injury was observed on any plant at 60 DAT and the following spring, growth was similar among all treatments indicating no long-term effects. In Experiment 3, Finale and Roundup applications were made to recently divided liners of ‘Variegata’ liriope infested with mature spurge 17.0 to 20.1 cm (6.7 to 7.9 in) wide, which were flowering and seeding. Finale at 1.12 kg ai/ha (1.0 lb ai/A) and Roundup at 1.8 kg ai/ha (1.6 lb ai/A) provided effective spurge control (100 and 92.8%, respectively) and caused no short-term or long-term injury to ‘Variegata’. Lower rates were not effective in controlling mature spurge. In Experiment 4, Finale and Roundup were applied to recently divided liners of ‘Big Blue’ infested with mature spurge 23 to 31 cm (9.1 to 12.2 in) wide, which were flowering and seeding. At 21 DAT, Finale at 1.12 kg ai/ha (1 lb ai/A) and Roundup at 1.8 kg ai/ha (1.6 lb ai/A) provided 100% control, while lower rates of both herbicides provided poor control (14 to 85%). Both herbicides caused slight initial injury to ‘Big Blue’, however, injury was outgrown by 60 DAT and by the following spring all plants were similar in size and number of new bibs produced compared to non-treated controls.

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YOSHIDA, Takashi, Osamu NAMBA, Ling CHEN, Yanze LIU, and Takuo OKUDA. "Tannins and related polyphenols of euphorbiaceous plants. Part VI. Ellagitannin monomers and oligomers from Euphorbia prostrata Ait. and oligomers from Loropetalum chinense Oliv." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 38, no. 12 (1990): 3296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.3296.

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Saha, Debalina, S. Christopher Marble, Brian Pearson, Héctor Pérez, Gregory MacDonald, and D. Calvin Odero. "Short-term Preemergence Herbicide Adsorption by Mulch Materials and Impacts on Weed Control." HortTechnology 29, no. 6 (December 2019): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04432-19.

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The objective of this research was to determine how mulch type affects adsorption and efficacy of commonly used preemergence herbicides in nurseries and landscapes. Nursery containers were filled with standard potting media and mulched with either pine bark (PB) mini-nuggets (mixed Pinus sp.), pine straw (PS; mixed Pinus sp.), or shredded eucalyptus hardwood (HW; Eucalyptus sp.) at a 2-inch depth. Herbicides including dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin (applied as a tank mix), prodiamine, and indaziflam were applied to mulched containers, watered in, and the mulch was subsequently removed 3 days later. Seeds of garden spurge (Euphorbia hirta), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) were then seeded and used as bioassay species for dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin, prodiamine, and indaziflam, respectively. Chemical assays were also performed using a separate set of pots mulched with PB at 2 inches and treated with the same herbicides. Results from the bioassay experiment showed PS was the only mulch type that did not significantly decrease efficacy of any applied herbicide. Chemical assays showed only 34% of the applied dimethenamid-P reached the soil surface as evidenced by chemical assay, but more dimethenamid-P moved through PB than did pendimethalin (12%) or prodiamine (17%), which adsorbed more strongly. Overall results suggest preemergence herbicides will be strongly adsorbed to organic mulch. However, as mulch is typically more effective on weeds that germinate below the mulch layer, this does not automatically result in reduced efficacy from herbicide + mulch combinations, and the addition of a preemergence herbicide may be effective in reducing weed germination within or on top of the mulch layer.

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Zahir, Abdul Abduz, Indira Singh Chauhan, Asokan Bagavan, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Gandhi Elango, Jai Shankar, Nidhi Arjaria, Selvaraj Mohana Roopan, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, and Neeloo Singh. "Green Synthesis of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia prostrata Extract Shows Shift from Apoptosis to G0/G1Arrest followed by Necrotic Cell Death in Leishmania donovani." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 8 (June 1, 2015): 4782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00098-15.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to synthesize silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using green synthesis from aqueous leaf extract ofEuphorbia prostrataas antileishmanial agents and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of induced cell death.In vitroantileishmanial activity of synthesized NPs was tested against promastigotes ofLeishmania donovaniby alamarBlue and propidium iodide uptake assays. Antileishmanial activity of synthesized NPs on intracellular amastigotes was assessed by Giemsa staining. The leishmanicidal effect of synthesized Ag NPs was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and by cell cycle progression and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the treated parasites. TEM analysis of the synthesized Ag NPs showed a spherical shape with an average size of 12.82 ± 2.50 nm, and in comparison to synthesized TiO2NPs, synthesized Ag NPs were found to be most active againstLeishmaniaparasites after 24 h exposure, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 14.94 μg/ml and 3.89 μg/ml in promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, respectively. A significant increase in G0/G1phase of the cell cycle with a subsequent decrease in S (synthesis) and G2/M phases compared to controls was observed. The growth-inhibitory effect of synthesized Ag NPs was attributed to increased length of S phase. A decreased reactive oxygen species level was also observed, which could be responsible for the caspase-independent shift from apoptosis (G0/G1arrest) to massive necrosis. High-molecular-weight DNA fragmentation as a positive consequence of necrotic cell death was also visualized. We also report that the unique trypanothione/trypanothione reductase (TR) system ofLeishmaniacells was significantly inhibited by synthesized Ag NPs. The green-synthesized Ag NPs may provide promising leads for the development of cost-effective and safer alternative treatment against visceral leishmaniasis.

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Valenzuela-Soto, Ramón, Joel Jiménez-Villarreal, Rubén García-Garza, Nadia D. Betancourt-Martínez, Rodrigo Lozoya-Martínez, Daniel Almaráz-Celis, and Javier Morán-Martínez. "Evaluación de la Actividad Antioxidante de Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Chaya), Euphorbia prostrata (Hierba de la Golondrina) y Jatropha dioica (Sangre de Drago) en Ratas Wistar Inducidas a Hiperglicemia." International Journal of Morphology 37, no. 1 (2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022019000100036.

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YANG, JIUN-LONG, JU-HWA LIN, SHU-WEN WENG, JAW-CHYUN CHEN, JAI-SING YANG, SAKAE AMAGAYA, SHINJI FUNAYANA, W. GIBSON WOOD, CHAO-LIN KUO, and JING-GUNG CHUNG. "Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana inhibits the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells: The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 inhibition via the MAPK signaling pathway." Molecular Medicine Reports 7, no. 5 (March 20, 2013): 1403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1380.

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Saha, Debalina, S. Christopher Marble, Brian J. Pearson, Héctor E. Pérez, Gregory E. MacDonald, and Dennis C. Odero. "Mulch Type and Depth, Herbicide Formulation, and Postapplication Irrigation Volume Influence on Control of Common Landscape Weed Species." HortTechnology 29, no. 1 (February 2019): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04208-18.

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Mulch is often applied in landscape planting beds for weed control, but little research has focused specifically on mulch and preemergence (PRE) herbicide combinations. The objectives of this research were to determine the efficacy of herbicide + mulch combinations and which factors significantly affected weed control, including herbicide formulation and posttreatment irrigation volumes. Additional objectives were to determine efficacy derived from mulch or herbicides used alone under herbicide + mulch combinations and to identify differences in the additive (herbicide + mulch combinations) or singular (herbicide or mulch) effects compared with the use of herbicides or mulch only. Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), garden spurge (Euphorbia hirta), and eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) were used as bioassay species for prodiamine, dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin, and indaziflam efficacy, respectively. The experiment consisted of a factorial treatment arrangement of two herbicide formulations (granular or spray applied), three mulch types [hardwood chips (HWs), pine bark (PB), and pine straw (PS)], two mulch depths (1 and 2 inches), and three levels of one-time, posttreatment irrigation volumes (0.5, 1, and 2 inches). Three sets of controls were used: the first set included three mulch types applied at two depths receiving only 0.5-inch irrigation volume, the second set included only two herbicide formulations and three one-time irrigation volumes, whereas the last set received no treatment (no herbicide or mulch) and only 0.5-inch irrigation volume. High levels of large crabgrass and garden spurge control (88% to 100%) were observed with all herbicide + mulch combinations evaluated at mulch depths of 1 inch or greater. When comparing mulch types, the best eclipta control was achieved with hardwood at 2 inches depth. The spray formulation of indaziflam outperformed the granular formulation in most cases when used alone or in combination with mulch. Overall, the results showed that spray formulations of prodiamine and dimethenamid-P + pendimethalin were more effective than granular formulations when applied alone, whereas indaziflam was more effective as a spray formulation when used both alone and in combination with mulch. Increasing irrigation volume was not a significant factor for any of the herbicide + mulch combinations when evaluating overall weed control.

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Sokolova, T. A. "Large-scale geobotanical map of the Tuzla Spit and Tuzla Island (the Kerch Strait)." Geobotanical mapping, no. 2019 (2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2019.57.

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During an ecological expertise the vegetation of Tuzla Spit and Tuzla Island, located in the middle part of the Kerch Strait (Fig. 1), was studied. This area is unique in terms of biological diversity and a presence of rare species (Ermolaeva et al., 2018). The study is based on 150 geobotanical relevés. Field data, topographic maps, and high-resolution satellite images were used in the vegetation mapping. The total area of the study is 383 hectares. There are the following hierarchical levels in the legend to the vegetation map: types of vegetation and classes of associations. A mapping unit is an association described according to the Braun-Blanquet system (Braun-Blanquet, 1964). The highest divisions of the legend are the types of vegetation: aquatic, coastal-aquatic, halophytic, psammophytic, steppe; they are given according to the ecological-phytocoenotic classification. Within the types of vegetation, classes of associations are given according to the ecological-floristic classification. 26 main numbers of the legend display the vegetation cover on the map. Geobotanical map reflects the state of vegetation in 2015 (Fig. 2). The vegetation of the island is heterogeneous. Plant communities as narrow stripes replace each other depending on the degree of moisture, salinity and orography. The sea currents have a great influence on the vegetation. In the southern part of the Taman Bay, suspension flows are directed from the South to the North and round the island, which leads to the “washing-up” of the southeastern part of the island represented by shallow waters and estuaries. It is occupied mainly by halophytic vegetation, the main dominants of plant communities are Juncus maritimus, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia distans, Bassia hirsuta, Salicornia perennans, S. prostrata, Suaeda salsa, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Elytrigia elongata, Tripolium vulgare. The northwestern part of the strait is occupied by the area of jet streams of suspensions coming from the North to the South from the Sea of Azov. This caused the accumulation of sand-shell material in the northern and northwestern parts of the island forming raised areas covered by psammophytic and steppe communities. The main dominant species here are Crambe maritima var. pontica, Cakile euxina, Eryngium maritimum, Lactuca tatarica, Salsola tragus, Leymus sabulosus, Artemisia arenaria, Gypsophila perfoliata. As a result of the transport crossing construction, the vegetation cover was heavily transformed. The vegetation map of Tuzla Spit and Island for 2019 shows the changes that have occurred — the drainage of the territory and the reduction of the vegetated area (Fig. 3). Distribution of weed species, in particular Ambrosia artemisiifolia, is noted. The remained vegetation in the southern part of the Tuzla Spit and the southern part of the Tuzla Island has a great nature conservation value; there are unique plant communities and rare plant species listed in the Red books of different ranks (Red..., 2007, 2008, 2015): Cakile euxina, Crambe maritime, Glaucium flavum, Euphorbia paralias, E. peplis, Eryngium maritimum, Astrodaucus littoralis, Asparagus maritimus, Centaurea arenaria, Argusia sibirica, Astragalus varius, Verbascum pinnatifidum, Leymus racemosus subsp. sabulosus, Secale sylvestre. There is an obvious need to organize a specially protected natural area in these areas.

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Korolyuk, A. Yu, and A. P. Laktionov. "Syntaxonomy of desert steppe vegetation of Bogdinsko-Baskunchakskiy natural reserve (class Artemisietea lerchianae V. Golub 1994)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 40 (2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.43.

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The Astrakhan region, one the most arid region of Russia, is mainly a plain territory with the unique mountain Bolshoe Bogdo, where the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky natural reserve was founded, including the adjacent plains and Baskunchak Lake. So far syntaxonomy of arid regions of Russia are rather poor, only the Lower Volga valley is described in detail (Golub, 1994; Golub, Maltsev, 2013). The aim of present study was to carry out floristic classification of desert-steppe vegetation of the reserve territory. The study is based on the authors’ 133 relevés, made in 2019, and 41 published ones (Safronova, 2013). Cluster analysis was carried out (Ward’s method, Chekanovsky-Dyce-Sørensen coefficient). Two dendrograms, built on the species presence-absence and their cover, allowed to distibguish phytocenons and determine their differential species. At the first step, the dendrogram based on the species presence-absence was analyzed (Fig. 3). At levels from 2 to 8 clusters, the number of differential species with IV-V class constancy (Table 1) were assess. At the level of 3 clusters all relevés were divided into petrophytic, psammophytic and zonal communities (Table 2). According to large number of differential species two classes (Artemisietea lerchianae V. Golub 1994 — petrophytic desert-steppe communities and Festucetea vaginatae Soó ex Vicherek 1972 — psammophytic steppes) were distinguished. Also desert-steppe communities on fine soils which belong to the first class without own differential species were distinguished and their relevés were included in further analysis. Class Artemisietea lerchianae V. Golub 1994 unites the northern desert and desert steppe communities. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Alyssum turkestanicum, Anabasis aphylla, A. salsa, Artemisia lerchiana, Bassia prostrata, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Nitrosalsola dendroides, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Ceratocephala testiculata agg., Eremopyrum orientale, Ferula caspica, Medicago medicaginoides, Meniocus linifolius, Peganum harmala, Petrosimonia oppositifolia, Poa bulbosa, Zygophyllum fabago. Order Agropyretalia desertorum ord. nov. includes desert steppes, widely spread in the southern part of the steppe zone, with domination of semishrubs and bunchgrasses. Holotypus hoc loco — ass. Artemisio lerchianae–Stipetum sareptanae ass. nov. D. s.: Agropyron desertorum, Allium inderiense, A. tulipifolium, Astragalus pseudotataricus, A. testiculatus, Ephedra distachya, Erysimum leucanthemum, Euphorbia undulata, Galatella tatarica, Prangos odontalgica, Rochelia retorta, Serratula erucifolia, Sterigmostemum caspicum, Stipa lessingiana, S. sareptana, Tanacetum achilleifolium, Tragopogon marginifolius, Tulipa patens, T. biflora. Alliance Agropyrion desertorum all. nov. Holotypus hoc loco — ass. Artemisio lerchianae–Stipetum sareptanae ass. nov. D. s. of the alliance = D. s. of the order. Ass. Artemisio lerchianae–Stipetum sareptanae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4, rel.1–34), holotypus hoc loco: Table 4, relevé 1 (field number 19-077), Astrakhan region, Akhtubinskiy district, to the south of the Nizhny Baskunchak village, Bolshoe Bogdo Mt., 48.13294° N, 46.83287° E, convex near-top part of NNE slope, 22.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk is central in the alliance. D. s.: Agropyron desertorum, Ephedra distachya, Erysimum leucanthemum, Prangos odontalgica, Stipa lessingiana, S. sareptana, Tanacetum achilleifolium, Tulipa biflora. Сommunities occupy large areas at foothills and gentle slopes of ridges, occasionally occur on moderately steep slopes. Ass. Artemisio pauciflorae–Atraphaxietum replicatae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5, rel. 1–13), holotypus hoc loco: Table 5, relevé 1 (field number 19-081), Astrakhan V. Golub 1994, Akhtubinskiy district, to the south of Nizhny Baskunchak village, Bolshoe Bogdo Mt., 48.13597° N, 46.84192° E, plain area, slight depression, 22.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Anabasis salsa, Artemisia pauciflora, A. semiarida, Atraphaxis replicata, Atriplex cana, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Catabrosella humilis, Ferula caspica. Communities occur on convex slopes of various exposition, often with active erosion. Ass. Stipo lessingianae–Artemisietum tauricae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5, rel. 14–37), holotypus hoc loco: Table 5, relevé 14 (field number 19-085), Astrakhan region, Akhtubinskiy district, to the south of Nizhny Baskunchak village, Bolshoe Bogdo Mt., 48.13558° N, 46.84563° E, gentle foothill of the eastern slope, 22.05.2019 author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Artemisia taurica, Elaeosticta lutea, Galatella villosa, Tulipa gesneriana, Veronica multifida. Relatively closed ommunities are most often common at foothills, also they occur on tops of ridges and their slopes of various steepness and exposition. Order Artemisietalia lerchianae V. Golub 1994, central in the class, unites zonal northern desert communities, at least within the Caspian region. D. s.: Alyssum turkestanicum, Anabasis aphylla, A. salsa, Artemisia lerchiana, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Caroxylon dendroides, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Ceratocephala testiculata agg., Eremopyrum orientale, Ferula caspica, Bassia prostrata, Medicago medicaginoides, Meniocus linifolius, Peganum harmala, Petrosimonia oppositifolia, Poa bulbosa, Zygophyllum fabago. Alliance Artemision lerchianae V. Golub 1994. D. s. of the alliance = D. s. of the class and order. Ass. Poo bulbosae–Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6, rel. 1–39), holotypus hoc loco: Table 6, relevé 34 (field number 19-135), Astrakhan region, Akhtubinskiy district, to the north-west of Nizhny Baskunchak village, 48.23968° N, 46.81434° E, 24.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Alyssum turkestanicum, Anabasis aphylla, Artemisia lerchiana, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Eremopyrum orientale, Meniocus linifolius, Poa bulbosa. Communities dominated by Artemisia lerchiana and Poa bulbosa develop on fine soils within the subzones of northern deserts and desert steppes. Subass. P. b. –A. l. typicum subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6, rel. 34–39). Communities are widely spread in the northern part of the desert zone and less common in the subzone of desert steppes. Subass. P. b.–A. l. tanacetosum achilleifolii subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6, rel. 1–33), holotypus hoc loco: Table 6, relevé 12 (field number 19-008), Astrakhan region, Kharabalinskiy district, to the NW from the Volnoe village, the upper part of gentle slope, 47.16164° N, 47.59213° E, 17.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Astragalus dolichophyllus, Gagea bulbifera, Holosteum umbellatum, Medicago orthoceras, Tanacetum achilleifolium, Veronica triphyllos. Within subassociation, which is common within the desert steppe subzone, two variants are distinguished: typica (Table 6, rel.12–33) and Artemisia taurica (Table 6, rel.1–11). Alliance Anabasio salsae–Artemision pauciflorae Lysenko in Lysenko et Mucina 2015 unites communities dominated by Anabasis salsa and Artemisia pauciflora on solonetz soils (Lysenko, Mucina, 2015), common in the subzones of dry and desert steppes as well as in the north of the desert zone. D. s.: Anabasis aphylla, A. salsa, Artemisia pauciflora, Atriplex cana, Leymus ramosus, Suaeda physophora. Community Anabasis salsa (Table 6, rel. 40–45) dominated by nameforming species occur on eroded slopes of clay saline deposits at the territory of Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky reserve and adjacent landscapes.

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Hall, G. "Peronospora euphorbiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 120 (August 1, 1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401194.

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Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora euphorbiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Euphorbia dulcis, E. paralias, E. peploides, E. peplus, E. platyphylla, E. prostrata, E. serpens, E. serpyllifolia, E. serratula (= E. stricta). DISEASE: Downy mildew of Euphorbia species. Leaf lesions are hypophyllous, but superficial in E. paralias, as it has stomata on the upper surface of its leaves, which curl upwards. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: South Africa. Asia-Temperate: Japan. Europe: France, Italy, Majorca, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, UK (England). North America: USA (South Dakota, Texas). TRANSMISSION: By conidia which are dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores in disease transmission is unknown, but they may serve as perennating structures.

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Patil, T. R., and R. P. Limaye. "Effect of Euphorbia Prostrata on the Wound Healing in Excisional Wound Model in Rats." International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 9, no. 09 (September 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/phyto.v9i09.10310.

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Background-Euphorbia prostrata possesses many actions one of which is wound healing. Skin wound healing is a significant health care problem which clinician faces still. Hence this study was planned to evaluate effect of euphorbia prostrata on skin wound healing. Material and methods-This study was conducted among randomly selected wistar rats (n=6 per group). Group A and Group B had Cream and 1% euphorbia prostrate cream applied topically on the excisional wound respectively. Wound healing and epithelisation was assessed on Days 4,8,12,16,20. Results: Group A showed an average wound size of 348±13.0 on day 4, 278±10.5 on day 8, 119±9.8 on day 12, 86±9.2 on day 16 and 100% wound healing was observed day 20 onwards. Group B showed an average wound size of 296±11.0 on day 4, 147±9.5 on day 8 and complete wound healing was observed day 12 onwards in the test group. Conclusion: Euphorbia prostrata holds promise as effective drug therapy for wound healing.

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Takács, Attila, Tamás Wirth, András Schmotzer, Gergely Gulyás, Sándor Jordán, Kristóf Süveges, Viktor Virók, and Lajos Somlyay. "Cardamine occulta Hornem. in Hungary, and other stowaways of the ornamental plant trade." Kitaibelia 25, no. 2 (July 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17542/kit.25.195.

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During the study of the weed flora of garden centers in Hungary (among 2017–2020), remarkable populations of Cardamine occulta Hornem., a new alien for the Hungarian flora were found. C. occulta was present altogether in 51 of the 53 visited sites. Dominantly the regularly irrigated and continuously moist microhabitats (pots, containers, muddy surfaces of geotextile-covered beds etc.) were colonized. During the revision of our recently collected specimens, deposited in JPU and DE herbaria as Cardamine hirsuta L., further individuals proved to identical with this till overlooked species. One of them (27.08.2004., Heves county: Eger [8088.3; 8188.1], coll. by A. Schmotzer, deposited in DE collection) proved to the third documented occurrence in Europe, comparing to the accessed literature data. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. and Urtica membranacea Poir. are also new aliens for the Hungarian flora. Several introduced individuals of these taxa were found in containers of imported thermophilous woody ornamentals at 4 and 2 sites, respectively. Tens of individuals of Eclipta prostrata were also found in a sapling-bed at another site. New populations of scarce or rare Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, E. serpens Kunth and Veronica peregrina L. were also documented.

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Addam, Khodr, Mounir Bou-Hamdan, and Nisreen Sabbagh. "Sixteen new records for the flora of Lebanon." Current Botany, November 23, 2020, 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6392.

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Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exist in Lebanon during our continuous non-stop field survey all over the country. The authors gathered some exceptional taxa from distinctive locations and habitats of the country, which were not reported so far in the flora documentation with the exception of Quercus libani, that is regarded as a very atypical species (for Lebanon) discovered for the first time after Post in 1932. The current paper deals with the records Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Spreng, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze., Eminium heterophyllum (Blume) Schott., Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Euphorbia serpens Kunth, Hypericum olivieri (Spach) Boiss., Kickxia cirrhosa (L.) Fritsch., Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet, Onosma fruticosum Sm.lder, Plantago crypsoides Boiss., Platanthera holmboei H.Lindb., Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Quercus libani G.Olivier, Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen., Tulipa biflora Pall. and Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter. The plants were photographed, collected, dried and herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited in K. Addam's Herbarium AUL University (Lebanon). Their taxonomical and ecological characters as well as their geographical distributions were exhibited. New Taxa (representing 14 genera in 12 families of flowering plants) were recognized with the reference of different floras and recent literature for their authentication. The present study also files them with updated nomenclature, descriptions, and notes on phenology and images for their easy identity.

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Mahanani, Anti Uni. "Studi Potensi Gulma Sebagai Tanaman Obat di Kabupaten Jayawijaya." Agrotek 4, no. 7 (April 5, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/agt.v4i7.589.

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<em>The purpose of this research is to identify the potency of gulma plant in jayawijaya region to become medicinal plants. Purpose Sampling method was being used in the data collection. The result of the inventaritation research found that there are 18 weeds utilized as medicine plants in jayawijaya region, namely: : Babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides), Rumput Gajah (Pannisetum purpureum), Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica), Kukuyaan (Corenia violacea), Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.), Kecimbling Hijau dan Merah (Stachytarpheta mutabilis Vahl), Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus), Rumput 9 Dewa, Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica), Tapak Kuda/Gagan (Cantella asiatica L.), Patikan Emas (Euphorbia hirta L.), Biji Kacang, Boborongan (hyptis brevipes Poit), Bayam Berduri (Amaranthus spinosus L.), Urang-Aring (Eclipta prostrata L.), Tembelekan (Lantana camara L.), Tunjuk Langit, and Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa� (L).</em>

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Rahmat Ali Khan. "Phytotoxic activity of crude methanolic extract of Euphorbia prostrata collected from Bannu District (Pakistan)." AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 11, no. 10 (February 2, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.1541.

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Macías Alonso, Mariana, Julio C. López Salazar, Soraya Osegueda Robles, Iván Córdova Guerrero, Fernanda Ledezma García, and Joaquín G. Marrero. "In vitro antimicrobial activity of mexican plants on bovine mastitis bacteria: preliminary studies." Bioscience Journal 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v36n1a2020-42137.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of traditionally used antibacterial plants (Euphorbia prostrata, Schinus molle, Brickellia veronicaefolia and Lepidium virginicum) in Santa Rosa Range in Guanajuato against major mastitis-causing pathogens. The selected plants were phytochemically screened for alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. Moreover, to achieve the main purpose of the present research, extracts of selected plants were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Bacillus subtilis, Clavibacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp. All these bacterial were isolated from clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of the aerial part of L. virginicum exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, and it could be potential candidate specie for the development of novel veterinary drugs with low cost and fewer side effects.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Euphorbia prostata'

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