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Tsitkilov, Peter Ya. "Classical Eurasians on the civilizational identity of Russia." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 2 (2021): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.206.
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Philosophical and world outlook understanding of the problem of civilizational identity of Russia acquires special relevance in connection with the preservation of the Eurasian civilizational breakdown that arose at the end of the 20th century. To prepare a new civilization project, it is important to use the theoretical legacy of prominent Russian thinkers, including the classics of Eurasianism. The purpose of the article is an objective analysis of classical Eurasianism, the comprehension of its most important provisions, taking into account the modern realities of Russian society. Using historical and philosophical methodology, critical analysis, methodology of civilizational theories, the author of the article substantiates the conclusion about the scientific significance of the Eurasian concept of civilizational identity of Russia. Its components are examined in a systematic form, such as the perception of Russia-Eurasia as a whole civilizational continent of an equal Europe, the idea of a “symphonic personality” in Eurasian culture, the idea of pan-European nationalism, the idea of establishing social justice, the provision on strengthening the religious element to strengthen the spiritual principle, etc. The article provides a critical analysis of some judgments of historical Eurasians, including their idea of absolutizing the role of the state, the theory of “potential Orthodoxy”, etc. An important conclusion of the article is the provision that Eurasianism is not a teaching hostile to the West, but a different non-Western scientific perception of the historical fate and civilizational development of Russia. Concrete examples substantiate the claim that it is necessary to distinguish fair criticism of classical Eurasianism from its simplified and largely biased assessments. The author of the article concludes that understanding the heritage of the classics of Eurasianism is necessary to develop a social project for the cultural and civilizational revival of the Russian Federation and the entire area of Northeast Eurasia.
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Kembayev, Zhenis. "Regional Integration in Eurasia: The Legal and Political Framework." Review of Central and East European Law 41, no. 2 (2016): 157–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04102002.
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This article examines the legal and political aspects of regional integration processes in Eurasia since the end of the Soviet era. It contends that both political and economic factors are driving these processes, including the desire of a number of post-Soviet countries to consolidate regional peace and security and, also, to create a larger and more effective economic space, thus increasing these countries’ power and international influence. It also argues that the formation of a united Eurasia is being conducted in the framework of two separate but closely connected—with almost identical membership—international organizations: the Collective Security Treaty Organization (csto) and the Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu). This article provides some background to the csto and the eaeu and explains their consolidating factors. It also examines the institutional framework of these groupings and expounds on their purposes, principles, and major areas of cooperation. It argues that these two organizations, in combination, constitute a single de facto structure that, for discussion purposes in this article, is referred to as the Eurasian alliance. Finally, the article attempts to illustrate problems and to assess prospects related to integration processes in Eurasia.
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March, Luke. "National Identity and Globalization: Youth, State, and Society in Post-Soviet Eurasia. By Douglas W. Blum. Cambridge, Eng.. Cambridge University Press, 2007. vii, 225 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $85.00, hard bound." Slavic Review 68, no. 2 (2009): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27698013.
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Taylor, Brian D. "What Happened to Soviet Security Studies?: An Essay on the State of the Field." Russian Politics 4, no. 2 (2019): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00402003.
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Security issues were a central part of Soviet studies. This article considers how the study of security issues has changed with respect to Russia and Eurasia since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. It highlights a series of positive changes: a broadening of vision beyond Moscow, more engagement with mainstream social science, greater attention to security issues internal to post-Soviet states, and the creation of an expert community that spans North America, Europe, and Eurasia. At the same time, I argue that scholarship on Russian and Eurasian security issues has become less strategic, in the sense this word is used by Richard Betts – about the interaction of political ends and military means, rooted in an appreciation of military science. The academy, especially in North America, has become a less welcoming place for scholars working on Russia and Eurasia who care about previously central issues in the field such as nuclear strategy, weapons procurement, military doctrine, and defense planning.
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Afinogenov, Gregory. "Enterprising Empires: Russia and Britain in Eighteenth-Century Eurasia. By Matthew P. Romaniello. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 2019. xv, 291 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. Photographs. Figures. Tables. $99.00, hard bound." Slavic Review 79, no. 1 (2020): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.39.
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MANOV, Boris. "„THE SILK ROAD“, ТHE EURASIAN PROJECT AND „GREAT EURASIA“ (GEOPOLITICAL READING)". Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum) 17, № 2 (2019): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.v17.i2.20.
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The research is carried out through the prism of geopolitics and reveals the "logic" and the essence of „The Belt and Road Initiative“. It outlines its basic ideas and goals. The study justifies and proves the (hypo)thesis that despite the apparent "leadership" of the economic events, the political and geopolitical aspects (vectors) of the project are linked to the economy. The economy does not function on its own way, but is formulated, supported by policy and used for political purposes, i.e., the project in its deep essence is political. The political nature of „The Belt and Road Initiative“ is expressed in the following: it is an attempt to find in internal policy a mechanism to preserve the political power of the Communist Party and to continue the existence of the dominant political system - the totalitarian (one-party) political system in the PRC. The geopolitical task is to find the „place“ of modern China in the global world. The goal is to restore the central ("middle") location of China in the 21st century world. „The Silk Road“ is one of the directions for its realization and the means for its achievement are complex - the „most obvious“ are the actions in the economic sphere, but equally important are the military, diplomatic, cultural factors and impacts. In conclusion, it is argued that „The Belt and Road Initiative“ will be realized as an optimal, reasonable balancebetween the „desired“ and the „possible“ and will be specified in the adoption of the formula „Great Eurasia“, i.e., in the transformation of China into a regional (regional-global, global-regional) center, the „middle empire“ of the Eurasian super-continent, the largest and most powerful geopolitical and geo-economic power center in the future „multipolar“ or more likely „bipolar“ („West-Sea“ - „East-Еarth“) world from the middle and the end of the 21st century.
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Yilmaz, Serafettin, and Liu Changming. "The Rise of New Eurasianism: China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative and Its Implications for Euro-Atlanticism." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 02, no. 03 (2016): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740016500214.
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This article attempts to cast an analytic light on China’s “One Belt and One Road” (OBOR) initiative and investigates the prospects for a new China-led Eurasian integration discourse as an alternative to the U.S.-led Euro-Atlanticism. To this end, it compares China’s development-oriented strategy in Europe with the security-driven Atlanticist model and examines how the new governance framework relates to present-day international relations. It holds that the Eurasia-centered OBOR signifies a paradigm that is fundamentally different from the Atlanticist strategy that has come to define the European geopolitical landscape since the end of World War II. The OBOR aims to de-emphasize security arrangements and ensure sustainable development and prosperity by introducing an omnidirectional connectivity and cooperation agenda in the Eurasian strategic context. It is recognized, however, that although the new Eurasian discourse of inclusive development does not aim to directly challenge the United States’ highly-institutionalized security presence in Europe, mindful of its larger paradigmatic implications, the United States is likely to view the OBOR unfavorably and seek to reinforce material and ideational fundamentals of the Atlantic alliance.
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Skriba, Andrei, and Anna Drozdova. "RUSSIAN APPROACH TOWARDS SOVEREIGNTY AND ITS ROLE IN THE GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 1 (2021): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.01.04.
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Over the last twenty years Russian approach towards sovereignty has underwent significant changes and has become more rigid and defined. After numerous attempts to integrate into the West, Russia began to acquire its own identity, but no longer as an appendage of Europe, which was not supposed to be reckoned with as an equal, but as a central Eurasian power, acting not only as a balancing county between East and West, but also as the security provider in the Eurasian region. In this regard, the article examines how the Russian approach towards sovereignty fits into the concept of the Greater Eurasian community. From this point of view, the Greater Eurasian Partnership, which is a continuation of Moscow’s policy of revising the world order that has developed after the end of the Cold War, has not only geopolitical and geo-economic aspects, but also cultural and normative ones: the emergence of a community of countries where relations are built on mutual respect for the sovereignty of each other. It is sovereignty, according to the authors, that underlies both the concept of Greater Eurasia and other Russian foreign policy initiatives in this direction.
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Iskakov, I. J., E. E. Lanina, V. Y. Kucherenko, G. V. Alekseev та G. N. Egorova. "Possibilities for economic adjustments educational process in the ЕurАsЕС countries". Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, № 4 (2021): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-4-263-271.
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The paper attempts to analyze the problems of adjusting the educational process in the EurAsEC countries that have arisen in recent decades in case of unforeseen circumstances. At the end of the 20th century, the ideas of globalization of all areas of the world community's activity led in the field of higher education to a thirst for immediate changes. What prompted the concern of the leading universities in Europe, which train highly qualified for the real sectors of the economy? An analysis of the current situation showed that the realities existing at that time pushed people to action, since analysts of higher education have repeatedly noticed that in the field of many areas of fundamental research, Europe is significantly inferior to the United States. Also noteworthy is the identity of the Nobel laureates. Independent commentators, beyond any emotion, pointed out that the United States has always invested significant amounts of money in the development of science. These problems gave rise to the Bologna process of reforming higher education in Europe. In this regard, the problems are considered and the prospects for the creation and development of a single educational space on the territory of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, considered by the authors as an important component of economic integration in the post-Soviet space, are identified. From the standpoint of taking into account foreign experience, as well as existing elements of educational integration within the framework of such associations. as EurAsEC, SCO, CIS, the main directions of integration interaction in the field of education of the EAEU countries are highlighted. The authors made attempts to formulate ways out of the current situation in the Eurasian educational space, especially in cases of unforeseen environmental conditions, such as a pandemic. Although in the educational space under consideration, the state of affairs with the organization, and in particular with funding, research and science is worse, this should not lead to ignoring the interests of both the students themselves and educational organizations in general. Insufficient funding is aggravated by many other factors, which together lead to the conclusion that EurAsia needs innovations designed to “modernize” the structure of education.
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Roebroeks, Wil, and Marie Soressi. "Neandertals revised." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 23 (2016): 6372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521269113.
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The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a population of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between ∼400,000 and 40,000 y ago. Starting from a source population deep in the Middle Pleistocene, the hundreds of thousands of years of relative separation between African and Eurasian groups led to the emergence of different phenotypes in Late Pleistocene Europe and Africa. Both recently obtained genetic evidence and archeological data show that the biological and cultural gaps between these populations were probably smaller than previously thought. These data, reviewed here, falsify inferences to the effect that, compared with their near-modern contemporaries in Africa, Neandertals were outliers in terms of behavioral complexity. It is only around 40,000 y ago, tens of thousands of years after anatomically modern humans first left Africa and thousands of years after documented interbreeding between modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans, that we see major changes in the archeological record, from western Eurasia to Southeast Asia, e.g., the emergence of representational imagery and the colonization of arctic areas and of greater Australia (Sahul).
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Bruckart, W. L., F. M. Eskandari, D. K. Berner, and M. C. Aime. "Comparison of Puccinia acroptili from Eurasia and the USA." Botany 90, no. 6 (2012): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-020.
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A rust disease caused by Puccinia acroptili P. Syd. & Syd. occurs throughout the range of Russian knapweed (Rhaponticum (syn. Acroptilon) repens), including North America. Differences in teliospore dimensions had been observed previously, but not quantified, between a specimen of P. acroptili from Turkey and one from the United States of America (USA). Similar differences were found during a recent evaluation of P. acroptili for biological control of R. repens in the USA; e.g., teliospores from eight USA isolates were 2.4 µm shorter (P = 0.05) than four isolates from Eurasia (two from Turkey, and one each from Russia and Kazakhstan). This inspired the generation of additional biological and DNA sequence data to clarify the significance of these differences between USA and Eurasian isolates. Although the USA isolates were found to have shorter teliospores, as noted in the description by Savile, teliospores of the USA isolates were also significantly wider in diameter than isolates from Eurasia; the latter in contrast to Savile’s observation. Biologically, the isolates were the same; all were equally aggressive in causing disease under common greenhouse test conditions, and fertile crosses occurred between isolates regardless of source. DNA sequence analyses of the nuclear rDNA large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions supported the notion that P. acroptili is a single species, but it also revealed that small levels of variation may exist within the species. For these reasons, it has been concluded that USA and Eurasian accessions can be considered a single species, i.e., P. acroptili. Also, Savile’s observation about differences in spore dimensions is substantiated.
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Wolski, Grzegorz J., Samar Nour-El-Deen, Alicja Cienkowska, Daniel Bożyk, and Wagieh El-Saadawi. "The Genus Plagiothecium Schimp. (Plagiotheciaceae, Bryophyta) in Eurasia: An Annotated Checklist with Distribution and Ecological Data." Plants 10, no. 5 (2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050868.
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An annotated checklist of the pleurocarpous moss genus Plagiothecium in Eurasia is presented for the first time based on a thorough review of the literature. Data have been compiled from previous relevant works conducted on the genus over more than 70 years and published up to the end of June 2020 for 107 Eurasian countries (and islands). Sectional classification is based on molecular phylogeny of the genus published recently. A total of 41 taxa are reported, including 29 species and 12 infraspecific taxa (nine varieties and three forms) belonging to eight sections. The highest numbers of taxa were found in China (20 taxa), the Russian Federation (20 taxa) and Japan (18 taxa), while the smallest numbers of taxa were recorded in the Middle East, Central Asia and the islands area. Not a single species of Plagiothecium was recorded in 26 regions, whereas P. denticulatum, P. nemorale and P. cavifolium turned out to be the most widespread species in the entire study area. They were recorded in most of the surveyed countries and islands. For each accepted taxon, information on relevant literature, synonyms, distribution within Eurasia and globally are provided. Comments on each taxon, ecological preferences, and notes on doubtful records are also included. Additionally, distribution maps for each recognised taxon are supplied. This checklist can enlighten and foster a better understanding of the distribution, diversity, and ecology of Plagiothecium in Eurasia and provides an incentive for future research on the genus.
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Ostrowski, Donald. "The End of Muscovy: The Case for circa 1800." Slavic Review 69, no. 2 (2010): 426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900015072.
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How Russia transformed itself from a relatively small principality on the steppe frontier in 1450 to a major Eurasian empire by 1800 is one of the fundamental questions of Russian historical study. The two main views posit a central role for Peter I (1682–1725) in that transformation either by singled-handedly “changing everything” and bringing Muscovy into the modern age through embracing contact with Europe and with the western enlightenment or by accelerating the pace of changes already occurring. In this article, Donald Ostrowski proposes that Russia's transition during this period can be better explained by examining the general trends of historical development and influences across Afro-Eurasia. This essay also raises questions about the use of the termmodernizationand examines eight categories of historical development: contact with the world; establishment of an empire; court politics; military; society and economics; governmental administration; church relations; and culture and education. Ostrowski concludes that in the early modern period one finds no turning points in Russian history, only more or less continuous trends, and that only roughly around 1800 do fundamental changes begin to occur within these eight categories.
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A.A, Krylov, Pobyvayev S.A, Selivanov A.I, Silvestrov S.N, Starovoitov V.G., and Troshin D.V. "Ensuring Economic Security of Russia and Eurasian Countries as an Imperative of Effective Eurasian Integration." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (2018): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24916.
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The task of the authors was to identify the role of country economic security in the Eurasian integration. To this end, the approaches to economic security in Europe, Russia and Asian countries are analyzed. The differences in the systems of national economic security and in the key approaches to its provision are primarily due to the historically established internal economic and geo-economic conditions. There is a fairly wide range of paradigms of national economic security, primarily the differences between the European approaches and the approach of Russia. Information on the state, principles and mechanisms of organization of national economic security systems in Asian countries is practically absent in Russian science. It was also necessary to analyze the typology of threats in order to clarify the prospects of integration of national economic security systems. The authors substantiate the position that ensuring national economic security is an important imperative of integration and development in the Eurasian space, competitiveness and economic sovereignty of countries. The article systematically organizes the facts about the types of organization of national economic security, explains the need for the countries of Eurasia active system of economic security as a response to the challenges of our time. The authors formulate the basic principles of Eurasian integration in the field of national security, involving both sovereignty and harmonization of national systems aimed at protecting economic interests.
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Parzinger, Hermann. "Investigación arqueológica en las estepas de Eurasia." Trabajos de Prehistoria 55, no. 1 (1998): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/tp.1998.v55.i1.322.
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A.A, Krylov, Pobyvayev S.A, Selivanov A.I, Silvestrov S.N, Starovoitov V.G, and Troshin D.V. "Developing a Control System in Order to Determine the Role of Economy." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (2018): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24918.
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The task of the authors was to develop a certain control system to identify the role of country economic security in the Eurasian integration. To this end, the approaches to economic security in Europe, Russia and Asian countries are analyzed. The differences in the methods of controlling the national economic security and in the key approaches to its provision are primarily due to the historically established internal economic and geo-economic conditions. There is a fairly wide range of paradigms of controlling system implemented in national economic security, primarily the differences between the European approaches and the approach of Russia. Given information based on mentioned control systems revealed that principles and mechanisms of organization of national economic security systems in Asian countries is practically absent in Russian science. It was also necessary to analyze the typology of control monitoring system in order to clarify the prospects of integration of national economic security systems. The authors substantiate the position that ensuring national economic security is an important imperative of integration and development in the Eurasian space, competitiveness and economic sovereignty of countries. The article systematically organizes the facts about the types of organization of national economic security, explains the need for the countries of Eurasia active control system of economic security as a response to the challenges of our time. The authors express a certain control syste, of Eurasian integration in the field of national security, involving both sovereignty and harmonization of national systems aimed at protecting economic interests.
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Beissinger, Mark R. "The Foundations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World. By Henry E. Hale. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 2008. xiii, 278 pp. Notes. Index. Figures. Tables. $85.00, hard bound. $27.99, paper." Slavic Review 68, no. 3 (2009): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900019793.
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Tsygankov, Andrei P. "Everyone Loses: The Ukraine Crisis and the Ruinous Contest for Post-Soviet Eurasia. By Samuel Charap and Timothy J. Colton. Abingdon, Oxon, Eng.: Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2017. 212 pp. Notes. Chronology. Glossary. Index. Figures. Maps. $21.95, paper." Slavic Review 77, no. 2 (2018): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2018.160.
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Kinyakin, Andrey A., and Svetlana Kucheriavaia. "The European Union vs. the Eurasian Economic Union: “integration race 2.0”?" Przegląd europejski 3 (November 19, 2019): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5846.
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One of the most remarkable features of regional development in Eurasia is the competition between the European Union (EU) and Russia within the so called “contested neighborhood”, e.g. the post-Soviet space. Originated in the 1990s it gained the special momentum in 2000s after the beginning of the Russia-led “Eurasian integration process”, leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. That fact brought the competition between the EU and Russia to the new level, e.g. the “integration race”, which had the strong impact on the whole post-Soviet space. The most obvious outcome of that process is the outburst of the Ukrainian crisis in 2013, which on the one hand contributed to further exacerbation of the EU-Russia relations, on the other – it paved the way to elaboration of the new forms and tools of the integration activities. However, it failed to bring the “integration race” between the EU and the Russia-led EAEU to the standstill. Being in the latent “crystallisation” phase, this process goes further with the covert competition between the integration blocks. Its actors are not only the non-aligned post-Soviet states, but also the existing members of the integration structures. All the mentioned above factors makes the “new edition” of the “integration race” rather dangerous because further acceleration of such a competition can lead to the large-scale rivalry between the EU and the EAEU, which may cause unpredictable consequences.
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Zelenkov, Nikita V. "The first fossil parrot (Aves, Psittaciformes) from Siberia and its implications for the historical biogeography of Psittaciformes." Biology Letters 12, no. 10 (2016): 20160717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0717.
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Modern parrots (crown Psittaciformes) are a species-rich group of mostly tropical and subtropical birds with a very limited fossil record. A partial tarsometatarsus from the late Early Miocene of Siberia (Baikal Lake) is the first pre-Quaternary find of crown Psittaciformes in Asia (and Siberia in particular) and is also the northern-most find of this bird order worldwide. This find documents a broad geographical distribution of parrots during the warmest phase of the Miocene (the so-called ‘Miocene Climatic Optimum’), which has implications for the historical biogeography of Psittaciformes. The presence of parrots on both sides of the Pacific Ocean at the end of the Early Miocene implies a (most probably eastwards) trans-Beringian dispersal which likely took place about 16–18 Ma. The broad Eurasian distribution of parrots in the past further supports a hypothesis that ancestors of modern genera Coracopsis and Agapornis could reach Africa from Eurasia.
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White, L. T., T. Ahmad, G. S. Lister, and T. R. Ireland. "Where does India end and Eurasia begin?" Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 12, no. 10 (2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003726.
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Osaulenko, L. N. "Provision of food safety and consumer rights protection in the Eurasian Economic Union law." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.4.03.eng.
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De Vera, Joan, Priyanka Chandan, Paulina Pinedo-González, et al. "Anthropogenic lead pervasive in Canadian Arctic seawater." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 24 (2021): e2100023118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100023118.
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Anthropogenic Pb is widespread in the environment including remote places. However, its presence in Canadian Arctic seawater is thought to be negligible based on low dissolved Pb (dPb) concentrations and proxy data. Here, we measured dPb isotopes in Arctic seawater with very low dPb concentrations (average ∼5 pmol ⋅ kg−1) and show that anthropogenic Pb is pervasive and often dominant in the western Arctic Ocean. Pb isotopes further reveal that historic aerosol Pb from Europe and Russia (Eurasia) deposited to the Arctic during the 20th century, and subsequently remobilized, is a significant source of dPb, particularly in water layers with relatively higher dPb concentrations (up to 16 pmol ⋅ kg−1). The 20th century Eurasian Pb is present predominantly in the upper 1,000 m near the shelf but is also detected in older deep water (2,000 to 2,500 m). These findings highlight the importance of the remobilization of anthropogenic Pb associated with previously deposited aerosols, especially those that were emitted during the peak of Pb emissions in the 20th century. This remobilization might be further enhanced because of accelerated melting of permafrost and ice along with increased coastal erosion in the Arctic. Additionally, the detection of 20th century Eurasian Pb in deep water helps constrain ventilation ages. Overall, this study shows that Pb isotopes in Arctic seawater are useful as a gauge of changing particulate and contaminant sources, such as those resulting from increased remobilization (e.g., coastal erosion) and potentially also those associated with increased human activities (e.g., mining and shipping).
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Braithwaite, Roger J. "Mass-balance characteristics of arctic glaciers." Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812899.
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AbstractA survey of available mass-balance data shows that glaciers on arctic islands, i.e. mountain glaciers and ice caps in northern Canada, Greenland, Svalbard and the Eurasian islands, share mass-balance characteristics of low annual amplitude and small interannual variability. By contrast, glaciers around the Arctic (e.g. in Alaska, Iceland, mainland Scandinavia and northern Eurasia) can have exceptionally large annual amplitude and interannual variability but otherwise share characteristics with glaciers in lower latitudes. The arctic island glaciers occur in areas with low annual precipitation and high annual temperature variability, i.e. in dry-cold or continental regions. Most glaciers surrounding the Arctic (Alaska, Iceland and Scandinavia) occur in areas with high annual precipitation and low annual temperature variability, i.e. in wet-warm or maritime regions. Earlier mass-balance modelling showed that arctic island glaciers have low sensitivity to temperature changes consistent with their low mass-balance amplitude. However, very large changes in mass balance could occur on arctic island glaciers if the sea ice surrounding the arctic islands were reduced so that the climate of the arctic islands becomes more maritime.
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Biswal, Shubhasmita, Sushil Kumar, Sunil K. Roy, et al. "Upper Mantle Anisotropy beneath the Western Segment, NW Indian Himalaya, Using Shear Wave Splitting." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8856812.
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Abstract This study investigates the upper mantle deformation pattern beneath the Indo-Eurasia collision zone utilizing the core-refracted (S(K)KS) phases from 167 earthquakes recorded by 20 broadband seismic stations deployed in the Western Himalaya. The 76 new shear wave splitting measurements reveal that the fast polarization azimuths (FPAs) are mainly oriented in the ENE-WSW direction, with the delay times varying between 0.2 and 1.7 s. The FPAs at most of the stations tend to be orthogonal to the major geological boundaries in the Western Himalaya. The average trend of the FPAs at each station indicates that the seismic anisotropy is primarily caused due to strain-induced deformation in the top ~200 km of the upper mantle as a result of the ongoing Indo-Eurasian collision. A contribution from the mantle flow in the direction of the Indian plate motion is possible. The mantle strain revealed in the present study may be due to a combination of basal shear resulting from plate motion and ductile flow along the collision front due to compression.
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Bosch, Jaime, Irene Iglesias, Marta Martínez, and Ana De la Torre. "Climatic and topographic tolerance limits of wild boar in Eurasia: implications for their expansion." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-52.
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Wild boar populations have continuously grown over the last century. This increase has led to various conflicts, including damage to agriculture and disturbed population equilibrium in natural areas, and it is a health threat due to animal and zoonotic infectious diseases, all with a high economic impact (e.g. Classical Swine Fever, African swine fever, tuberculosis or brucellosis). Addressing these problems requires understanding the geographic, climatic and topographic tolerance limits of wild boar. In this work, we determine these limits in Eurasia by spatially comparing the most widely accepted map on wild boar distribution (International Union for Conservation of Nature ,IUCN, 2008) with georeferenced records of wild boar presence (n = 34,233) gather from ecological and health sources. Results suggest a geographical expansion of the wild boar in the Eurasian zone outside the traditionally area described by the IUCN map. The specie has entered new biotopes and ecoregions, such as the equatorial region, where its presence is mainly associated with the large Asian plant monocultures. These results will support the development of population models, identification of permanent populations and habitats, and more effective decision-making about health and natural resource management.
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BARDET, NATHALIE, VALENTIN FISCHER, and MARCIN MACHALSKI. "Large predatory marine reptiles from the Albian–Cenomanian of Annopol, Poland." Geological Magazine 153, no. 1 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000254.
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AbstractDuring the Early–Late Cretaceous transition, marine ecosystems in Eurasia hosted a diverse set of large predatory reptiles that occupied various niches. However, most of our current knowledge of these animals is restricted to a small number of bonebed-like deposits. Little is known of the geographical and temporal extent of such associations. The middle Albian – middle Cenomanian phosphorite-bearing succession exposed at Annopol, Poland produces numerous ichthyosaurian and plesiosaurian fossils. These are mostly isolated skeletal elements (e.g. teeth, vertebrae), but disarticulated partial skeletons and an articulated, subvertically embedded ichthyosaur skull are also available. The following taxa are identified: ‘Platypterygius’ sp., cf. Ophthalmosaurinae, Ichthyosauria indet.,Polyptychodon interruptus, Pliosauridae indet., Elasmosauridae indet. and Plesiosauria indet. The large-sized ichthyosaur ‘Platypterygius’ and the pliosauridPolyptychodon interruptuspredominate within the upper Albian – middle Cenomanian deposits. The Annopol record, combined with data from England, France and western Russia, suggests that ‘Platypterygius’ andPolyptychodon interruptusformed a long-term, stable ecological sympatry in marine ecosystems of the European archipelago, at least during the Albian – middle Cenomanian. In addition, the marine reptile assemblage from Annopol is distinct from other Eurasian ecosystems in containing also elasmosaurids in its Albian portion.
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Fedorenko, E. V. "Legal basis for risk analysis methodology while ensuring food safety in the Eurasian Economic union and the Republic of Belarus." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (March 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2015.3.02.eng.
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Gaevskiy, I. V., N. V. Zaitseva, I. V. May, S. Т. Karymbaeva, S. I. Sychik, and Е. V. Fedorenko. "On methodical support for risk-oriented surveillance over consumer products safety on the unified economic territory of the eurasian economic union." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2019): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2019.1.01.eng.
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Zaitseva, N. V., I. V. May, S. I. Sychik, E. V. Fedorenko, and L. M. Shevchuk. "Analysis of legal and methodological grounds for risk-oriented surveillance over consumer products: tasks and development prospects in the Eurasian Economic Union." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (April 2017): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2017.4.01.eng.
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Ivantsova, М. A. "III Eurasian endoscopy forum “UralEndo”." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-184-12-132-137.
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Paper is devoted to the III international Eurasian endoscopy forum “UralEndo”, which took place in Yeakaterinburg 4–5 September 2020. In the brief review the first experience of the major international online endoscopy conference in Ural region of Russia is summarizing with evaluation of the main forum ideas and putting on the nearest developing tasks oriented on the modern scientifi c achievements and progressive international experience of their implementation into wide endoscopy practice.
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Hu, Jiaming, Michael V. Westbury, Junxia Yuan, et al. "Ancient mitochondrial genomes from Chinese cave hyenas provide insights into the evolutionary history of the genus Crocuta." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1943 (2021): 20202934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2934.
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Cave hyenas (genus Crocuta ) are extinct bone-cracking carnivores from the family Hyaenidae and are generally split into two taxa that correspond to a European/Eurasian and an (East) Asian lineage. They are close relatives of the extant African spotted hyenas, the only extant member of the genus Crocuta . Cave hyenas inhabited a wide range across Eurasia during the Pleistocene, but became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Using genetic and genomic datasets, previous studies have proposed different scenarios about the evolutionary history of Crocuta. However, causes of the extinction of cave hyenas are widely speculative and samples from China are severely understudied. In this study, we assembled near-complete mitochondrial genomes from two cave hyenas from northeastern China dating to 20 240 and 20 253 calBP, representing the youngest directly dated fossils of Crocuta in Asia. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a monophyletic clade of these two samples within a deeply diverging mitochondrial haplogroup of Crocuta . Bayesian analyses suggest that the split of this Asian cave hyena mitochondrial lineage from their European and African relatives occurred approximately 1.85 Ma (95% CI 1.62–2.09 Ma), which is broadly concordant with the earliest Eurasian Crocuta fossil dating to approximately 2 Ma. Comparisons of mean genetic distance indicate that cave hyenas harboured higher genetic diversity than extant spotted hyenas, brown hyenas and aardwolves, but this is probably at least partially due to the fact that their mitochondrial lineages do not represent a monophyletic group, although this is also true for extant spotted hyenas. Moreover, the joint female effective population size of Crocuta (both cave hyenas and extant spotted hyenas) has sustained two declines during the Late Pleistocene. Combining this mitochondrial phylogeny, previous nuclear findings and fossil records, we discuss the possible relationship of fossil Crocuta in China and the extinction of cave hyenas.
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Wang, Yi-Gang, and Dong-Li Sun. "The Triassic and Jurassic paleogeography and evolution of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 2 (1985): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-017.
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The Kunlun, Qilian, and Qinling mountains already existed in embryonic form as coastal ranges in Triassic times. Marine conditions predominated to the south. The southern coastline is demarcated by the northern margin of the Tertiary Siwalik sediments. The paleo-landmass of Longmenshan–Sichuan–Yunnan separated this sea from that of southwest China. By Jurassic times, the coastline of the Eurasian continent within what is now China had already moved southwards to a line along the Kunlun and Hengduan mountains.Mainly on the basis of differences between continental and oceanic crust, several different seas can be distinguished: the Himalayan, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Hengduan, and Triangle seas, together with the Qaidam Peninsula and Xining Bay. Triassic and Jurassic transgressions and regressions of these seas are discussed in detail.During Carboniferous and Permian times the Lhasa and Himalayan seas were joined together with the main Gondwana Plate to the south. In Triassic times, when the India–Pakistan Subcontinent split from Gondwanaland, the Lhasa Sea was a small microplate, which separated from the Himalayan Sea along a deep fracture that follows the line of the Yarlung Zangbo (River). It drifted northeastwards relatively rapidly. The Triangle Sea was a similar microplate that drifted northwards. In Late Triassic times the Triangle Microplate collided with Eurasia along the margin of the Qaidam–Qinling fault belt. The Bangong Co – Nu Jiang deep fracture is regarded as the boundary between the northern and southern margins of the eastern Tethys, on the basis of Carboniferous to Jurassic paleobiogeographical provinces within the region studied.During Triassic and Early and Middle Jurassic times, an oceanic basin separated the Lhasa Sea from the Qiangtang and Hengduan seas. In the Late Jurassic Epoch, the Lhasa Microplate converged with the Qingtang Microplate, which had become attached to Eurasia. The former was subducted northwards. As a result, the boundary between the southern and northern margins of East Tethys was shifted southwards during Cretaceous times to the line of the Yarlung Zangbo (River) deep fracture. At the end of the Cretaceous and on into Eocene times, the Himalayan Sea closed with the collision of the India–Pakistan Subcontinent and the Lhasa Plate. Folding and faulting followed and the paleo-oceanic history of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau came to an end.
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Skuratov, Yu. "Eurasian constitutionalism: a definition and content (the end)." Russian Juridical Journal, no. 1 (2021): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/20713797_2021_1_54.
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Wegmann, Martin, Marco Rohrer, María Santolaria-Otín, and Gerrit Lohmann. "Eurasian autumn snow link to winter North Atlantic Oscillation is strongest for Arctic warming periods." Earth System Dynamics 11, no. 2 (2020): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-509-2020.
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Abstract. In recent years, many components of the connection between Eurasian autumn snow cover and wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) have been investigated, suggesting that November snow cover distribution has strong prediction power for the upcoming Northern Hemisphere winter climate. However, the non-stationarity of this relationship could impact its use for prediction routines. Here we use snow products from long-term reanalyses to investigate interannual and interdecadal links between autumnal snow cover and atmospheric conditions in winter. We find evidence for a negative NAO-like signal after November with a strong west-to-east snow cover gradient, which is valid throughout the last 150 years. This correlation is consistently linked to a weak stratospheric polar vortex state. Nevertheless, decadal evolution of this link shows episodes of decreased correlation strength, which co-occur with episodes of low variability in the November snow index. By contrast, periods with high prediction skill for winter NAO are found in periods of high November snow variability, which co-occur with the Arctic warming periods of the 20th century, namely the early 20th-century Arctic warming between 1920 and 1940 and the ongoing anthropogenic global warming at the end of the 20th century. A strong snow dipole itself is consistently associated with reduced Barents–Kara sea ice concentration, increased Ural blocking frequency and negative temperature anomalies in eastern Eurasia.
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Zimonyi, István. "Changing Perceptions of Türk Identity Among the Medieval Nomads of Central Eurasia." Studia Orientalia Electronica 6 (December 22, 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.69834.
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The Türk Khaganate and the ethnonym Türk have been used in modern nation-building processes among the Turkic-speaking peoples of Eurasia since the end of the nineteenth century. The historical importance of the name is exemplified by the country of Turkey today, the plan for a Turkic Republic in Central Asia in the 1920s, and the latest Kazak (Tatar) historiography after the fall of the Soviet Union. The study focuses on the meanings of Türk in the period of the Türk Khaganate (6th–8th centuries). Its first denotation is for an ethnic community or nationality, that is, a nomadic tribal confederation defined by use of the model of gens, including a common origin, language, and traditions with centuries of a stable political framework and the majority of society sharing common law. The second aspect of the usage of the term Türk, being political, referred to all peoples subject to the power of the Türk Khagan. After the fall of the Türk Khaganate, both meanings faded away due to the lack of political stability in the history of the Eurasian steppe, revealing an absence of ethnic continuity from the Middle Ages. However, fragments of Türk identity may have survived in the forms of language community, the Islamic legend of descent from an eponymos hero, and a nomadic way of life opposed to the territorial principles of settled civilisations.
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Sakwa, Richard. "Sad delusions: The decline and rise of Greater Europe." Journal of Eurasian Studies 12, no. 1 (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1879366521999757.
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The end of the Cold War was accompanied by the idea that the fall of the Berlin Wall represented the beginning of the unification of Europe. Mikhail Gorbachev talked in terms of a “Common European Home,” an idea that continues in the guise of the project for a “Greater Europe.” However, right from the start, the transformative idea of Greater Europe was countered by the notion of “Europe whole and free,” whose fundamental dynamic was the enlargement of the existing West European order to encompass the rest of the continent. This was a program for the enlargement of the Atlantic system. After some prevarication, the enlargement agenda proved unacceptable to Moscow, and while it continues to argue in favor of transformation its main efforts are now devoted to creating some sort of “greater Eurasia.” There remains a fundamental tension between Atlanticist and pan-continental version of the post-–Cold War international order in the region. This tension gave rise to conflict and war: in 2008 (the Russo-Georgian War) and again from 2014 (Ukraine), and to what some call the Second Cold War. The continent is once again divided. However, pan-continentalism is far from dead, and although Greater Eurasian ideas have thrived, some sort of Greater European continentalism remains on the agenda. Is this, though, no more than a “sad delusion” or a genuine possibility?
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Trifonov, Vladimir A., Dilyara N. Shaymuratova, Gulshat Sh Asylgaraeva, et al. "Archaeogenomics of Animal Domestication in Eurasia." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 1, no. 35 (2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.1.35.179.186.
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The processes of domestication and subsequent distribution of animals in Eurasia are closely related to human migrations and intercultural exchanges starting from the end of the Pleistocene. The development of methods for the isolation and analysis of ancient DNA from archaeological and paleontological remains has made it possible to take a new look at both the presumed core regions of domestication and the geography and dynamics of livestock distribution. This paper discusses the reports on the reconstruction of the migration processes of domestic animals in Eurasia using the analysis of ancient DNA performed by leading specialists from Great Britain, France, Finland, Ireland, and Russia at the international symposium on Domestic Animal Archaeogenomics (Bolgar, Republic of Tatarstan, March 2020). In addition to discussing the demographic history of different species of domestic animals, special attention was given to the development of methods for working with ancient DNA and the peculiarities of sample storage and handling. Summarizing the results of the symposium, the authors identified priority areas for future research. The interdisciplinary nature of research and the need to create broad scientific network that includes specialists from different fields were emphasized.
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Nakaya, Hideo. "Faunal turnover of the Miocene mammalian faunas of Sub-Saharan Africa and the middle Miocene paleoenvironmental change." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007784.
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In evolutionary paleontology of terrestrial biotas, the Miocene is the most important age especially for evolution of hominids and mammalian faunas. The modern mammalian fauna appeared from the end of this age in Eurasia. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the assemblage of the late Miocene mammalian faunas was very poor, and these faunas were represented by only few faunas. Therefore, this incompleteness of the late Miocene East African faunas, it is very difficult to analyze faunal turnover of Sub-Saharan mammalian faunas and compare with Eurasian and Sub-Saharan faunas of this age.The paleontological contribution of the Japan and Kenya joint expedition to the Samburu Hills, northern Kenya covered this gap of mammalian evolution in Sub-Saharan Africa.In this work, the Miocene mammalian faunas in Sub-Saharan Africa is examined the half-life (Kurtén 1959, 1972, 1988) of each faunal assemblages (sets).Assemblage of the mammalian faunas from early Miocene was comparatively stable and had long half life in Sub-Saharan Africa on the basis of the results of this work.However, mammalian assemblage changed drastically at the middle Miocene (Astaracian) in Sub-Saharan Africa.A great number of early to middle Miocene mammalian taxa were extinct and the modern mammalian taxa appeared in this period. The half life of middle and late Miocene mammalian faunas is shortened compared with the early Miocene faunas in the East Africa. This geological event of faunal turnover occurred by the immigration and divergence of open land taxa.It is evident that the rise of open land taxa is related to the environmental change for the plateau phonolite and basalt volcanism in the middle Miocene East Africa (Pickford 1981) and the worldwide warm and arid event (savannitisation) of continental temperate zone in the middle to late Miocene (Liu 1988). In the middle Miocene (16 Ma) Pacific region, it has been proposed that the tropical event is recognized from shallow marine faunas of the Southwestern Japan (Tsuchi 1986). African and Eurasian land connection was also established before the middle Miocene (16 Ma±) (Bernor et al. 1987).The Astaracian faunal turnover in Sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be caused by immigration and diversity of open country mammalian taxa and that was related to the worldwide middle Miocene warm event and the plateau volcanism in middle Miocene East Africa. Furthermore, the Pleistocene and modern taxa and their direct ancestors of Sub-Saharan Africa appeared from the late Miocene faunas of East Africa. It has been made clear that the Namurungule Fauna is the forerunner of the modern Sub-Saharan mammalian fauna of savanna environments.As mentioned before, the Hominid Fossil was found from the Namurungule Formation (late Miocene) of northern Kenya. The savannitisation in the Sub-Saharan Africa began in middle Miocene. The origin of hominid bipedalism seems to be closely related to the environmental change from forest to open land (Foley 1984). Human evolution in East Africa is accelerated by the savannitisation of Sub-Saharan Africa which commenced earlier than that of Eurasia and continued throughout the Neogene.
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Kasahara, Satoe, Yasuhiro Yamaguchi, Osamu K. Mikami, and Keisuke Ueda. "Conspecific Egg Removal Behaviour in Eurasian Tree SparrowPasser montanus." Ardea 102, no. 1 (2014): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5253/078.102.0110.
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Koshiro, Yukiko. "Eurasian Eclipse: Japan's End Game in World War II." American Historical Review 109, no. 2 (2004): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/530338.
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Clem, Ralph S. "The End of Eurasia: Russia on the Border Between Geopolitics and Globalization." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93, no. 3 (2003): 761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.93030126.
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Legvold, Robert, and Dmitri Trenin. "The End of Eurasia: Russia on the Border between Geopolitics and Globalization." Foreign Affairs 81, no. 1 (2002): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033052.
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Polunov, Alexander Yu. "“Old Civilized Asian States”: the Perception of Eurasian Space by Russian Public Figures and Publicists at the End of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Centuries." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 58 (October 1, 2020): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2020-0-3-267-276.
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The article analyzes the issue of conceptualization by Russian public leaders and publicists of the causes and goals of the turn of Russian foreign policy to the East at the end of the 19th century. In those years there took shape the idea of specific eastern mission of Russia that influenced later the configuring of Eurasian ideology. At the same time the ideological constructions of the publicists at the end of the 19th century were rather peculiar. In contrast to the Eurasians those authors paid special attention to the “old civilized states in Asia”, like Persia and China. The necessity to support the Celestial Empire and the Christian communities in Persia was determined, according to those publicists, by Russia’s duty to protect the weak. Besides, China was viewed as the state with established autocracy concept that was very important for Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century the ideas of the “orientalists” and other publicists contemplating Russia’s special mission in Asia, lost their former influence. Their distant echo can be found in the program of the prominent White movement leader baron R.F. Ungern, who brought forward the idea of establishing a Pan-Asian monarchy relying on China during Civil War.
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Haraszthy, László. "Cases of occasional interspecific brood parasitism and egg dumping in Hungary." Ornis Hungarica 27, no. 2 (2019): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0020.
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Abstract There are numerous publications in the ornithological literature on mixed-species broods, i.e. on cases when a species lays some or all of its eggs into the nests of other species. This phenomenon, known as brood parasitism, has not yet been studied in Hungary. Here, I use the term brood parasitism, but I could not separate cases of egg dumping, a reproductive error by females. Based on literature and my own observations, I found evidence for interspecific brood parasitism in 28 species breeding in Hungary, not including the cases of the obligate interspecific brood parasite, the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Only one of these belongs to passerines, while in the rest of the cases, this phenomenon occurred in representatives of non-passerine families. However, cases of brood parasitism and nest parasitism have to be treated separately. The latter refers to cases when a species occupies a nest, usually a nesthole or nestbox, already containing eggs of another species, and lays its own eggs next to the foreign eggs. The present study provides data on European Roller (Coracias garrulus), Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus), Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo), tit species (Parus, Cyanistes, Poecile spp.), Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea) and Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), but in all likelihood the number of species involved is much higher.
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Vogt, Paul R., Gennadiy Grigorevich Khubulava, and Sergey Pavlovich Marchenko. "EurAsia Heart - international cooperation in cardiovascular surgery." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 5, no. 4 (2014): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped54127-131.
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Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in neonates, children, adolescents and adults. Untreated congenital heart disease is the major cause of death worldwide in children younger than five years of age, exceeding the combined death rate caused, e.g. by malaria, tuberculosis or HIV [6]. In many developing countries, life expectancy is limited to an average of 58 to 64 years of age [1, 2]. In addition quality of life is markedly reduced while the number of disabled patients and patients depending from social welfare is steadily increasing. The major cause is undiagnosed and untreated cardiovascular diseases. Eighty percent of all cardiovascular deaths worldwide occur in developing countries [3]. Cardiology and cardiovascular surgery are powerful tools to increase the life expectancy, to improve and normalize the quality of life, to preserve patients able to work and to reduce the overall health care costs as well as costs for social welfare for those otherwise disabled by chronic cardiovascular diseases. Developing countries invest in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. However, the establishment of a cardiovascular centre is a challenging task. The problem is that several specialties have to be developed simultaneously: cardiology, cardiac surgery, perfusion techniques, anaesthesia, intensive care as well as postoperative medical treatment - for adults and for children. The attractiveness of EurAsia Heart Foundation allowed establishing numerous international co-operations with excellent institutions, interested and engaged in teaching and education abroad.
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Román-Jordán, Elena, Luis G. Esteban, Paloma de Palacios, and Francisco G. Fernández. "Wood anatomy of Cupressus and its relation to geographical distribution." IAWA Journal 37, no. 1 (2016): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20160120.
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The wood anatomy of 14 species of Cupressus was studied to determine whether there is a pattern of wood anatomical diversity between the species from the North and Central American (western) region and the Eurasian (eastern) region. Xanthocyparis vietnamensis and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (syn. Xanthocyparis nootkatensis) were also studied to compare their wood anatomy, given their recent inclusion by some authors in Cupressus. The arrangement of the axial parenchyma, morphology of the transverse end walls of the axial parenchyma, presence of ray tracheids, typology of the end walls of the ray parenchyma cells and ray height support to some extent the division of Cupressus into two large groups: the American group (western region) and the Eurasian group (eastern region), as proposed in molecular phylogenetic studies. The wood anatomy of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis shares the presence of ray tracheids and the same ray typology with American Cupressus, and has the same ray height as Eurasian Cupressus. In contrast, Xanthocyparis vietnamensis shares the absence of ray tracheids and the same ray typology with Eurasian Cupressus, and has the same ray height as American Cupressus.
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Krovnin, A. S. "Connectivity of climatic variations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific." Trudy VNIRO 180 (October 27, 2020): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2020-180-23-43.
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Based on the analysis of changes in the spatial structure of climatic variations in the Northern Hemisphere before and after the climatic regime shift in the 1980s, the modes of interaction between climatic processes in the North Atlantic and North Pacific have been identified. The first (“western”) mode prevailed until the late 1980s, reflected the impact of the North Pacific climatic processes on the North Atlantic climate as a result of interaction of two mutually independent Pacific teleconnection patterns (Pacific/North American and Tropical/Northern Hemisphere patterns) with the West Atlantic pattern. The pronounced eastward shift of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) centers from the late 1970s resulted in establishment of the “eastern” mode of interaction between the aquatories under consideration. The climatic changes originated in the North Atlantic basin propagated in the western half of the North Pacific via the system of atmospheric teleconnection patterns over Eurasia (“atmospheric bridge”). The establishment of the “eastern” mode became obviously one of the reasons of sharp warming of surface waters in the western and central areas of the North Pacific from the end of the 1980s, which favored the beginning of a new “salmon epoch” in its northwestern part. Along with the synchronous relationships between the Eurasian atmospheric modes and North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, an asynchronous response in the ocean to longitudinal shifts in position of the NAO centers, was found. The atmospheric signal associated with its southern center propagated eastward along the equatorial zone and appeared in the southwestern sector of the North Pacific 5–6 years later.
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Hickok, Michael Robert. "The other end of the Silk Road: Japan's Eurasian initiative." Central Asian Survey 19, no. 1 (2000): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713656174.
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Sandstro, O., I. Abrahamsson, J. Andersson, and M. Vetemaa. "Temperature effects on spawning and egg development in Eurasian perch." Journal of Fish Biology 51, no. 5 (1997): 1015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01540.x.
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